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Abstract
Bioactive glasses are the materials of choice in the field of bone regeneration. Antioxidant properties of interest to limit inflammation and foreign body reactions have been conferred to bioactive glasses by the addition of appropriate ions (such as Ce or Sr). On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of bioactive glasses without specific ion/molecular doping has been occasionally cited in the literature but never investigated in depth. In the present study, three silica-based bioactive glasses have been developed and characterized for their surface properties (wettability, zeta potential, chemical composition, and reactivity) and radical scavenging activity in the presence/absence of cells. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of simple silica-based (SiO2-CaO-Na2O) bioactive glasses has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferraris
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Department of Chemistry and "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry and "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Torino 10129, Italy
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2
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Bosca F, Corazzari I, Foglietta F, Canaparo R, Durando G, Pastero L, Arpicco S, Dosio F, Zonari D, Cravotto G, Tagliapietra S, Serpe L, Turci F, Barge A. SWCNT–porphyrin nano-hybrids selectively activated by ultrasound: an interesting model for sonodynamic applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21736-21744. [PMID: 35516637 PMCID: PMC9054547 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03944f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative anticancer approach, based on the excitation of a given molecule (usually a porphyrin) by inertial acoustic cavitation that leads to cell deathviathe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bosca
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM)
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- Department of Earth Sciences
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Daniele Zonari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | | | | | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Department of Drug Science and Technology
- University of Turin
- Turin
- Italy
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Caviglia C, Confalonieri G, Corazzari I, Destefanis E, Mandrone G, Pastero L, Boero R, Pavese A. Effects of particle size on properties and thermal inertization of bottom ashes (MSW of Turin's incinerator). Waste Manag 2019; 84:340-354. [PMID: 30691909 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is twofold: (i) characterization of the bottom ashes from the Incinerator plant of the city of Turin (northern Italy), in terms of their chemical/phase compositions and capacity to release heavy metals in leachates, as a function of particle size; (ii) investigation of thermal treatments' efficacy to promote inertization of the same bottom ashes, exploring time-temperature ranges with t ≤ 6 h and T ≤ 1000 °C. Special attention is paid to macro-sampling techniques in order to have samples that are representative of the average bottom ashes production. Micro-XRF, ICP-OES, SEM-EDS, Ion Chromatography and X-ray powder diffraction were used to investigate bottom ashes and leachates. Bottom ashes are mainly constituted by an amorphous phase, ∼66-97 wt%, regardless of particle size; the remaining phases are quartz, calcite, Fe-oxides, melilite and other minor crystalline materials. The amorphous phase exhibits a relevant dependence on particle size, and undergoes dissolution in water up to 20 wt%, thus being the most important component in affecting chemical species release. The smaller the bottom ashes' particle size, the more the heavy metals (major species: Zn, Cu, Ti, Pb) and calcium contents increase, whereas silicon's decreases. Electrolytic current observations in combination with phase/chemical composition and metals release as a function of particle size, suggest that bottom ashes partition into two classes, i.e. ≥1 and <1 mm, for inertization purposes. Thermal treatments exhibit partial efficacy to curb heavy metals mobility: whilst they reduce Cu release, they lead to a inverse effect in the case of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Caviglia
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Confalonieri
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Destefanis
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandrone
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Renato Boero
- Trattamento Rifiuti Metropolitani - TRM SpA, Via Paolo Gorini 50, 10137 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pavese
- Earth Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Andreozzi GB, Pacella A, Corazzari I, Tomatis M, Turci F. Surface reactivity of amphibole asbestos: a comparison between crocidolite and tremolite. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14696. [PMID: 29089634 PMCID: PMC5665974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among asbestos minerals, fibrous riebeckite (crocidolite) and tremolite share the amphibole structure but largely differ in terms of their iron content and oxidation state. In asbestos toxicology, iron-generated free radicals are largely held as one of the causes of asbestos malignant effect. With the aim of clarifying i) the relationship between Fe occurrence and asbestos surface reactivity, and ii) how free-radical generation is modulated by surface modifications of the minerals, UICC crocidolite and fibrous tremolite from Maryland were leached from 1 day to 1 month in an oxidative medium buffered at pH 7.4 to induce redox alterations and surface rearrangements that may occur in body fluids. Structural and chemical modifications and free radical generation were monitored by HR-TEM/EDS and spin trapping/EPR spectroscopy, respectively. Free radical yield resulted to be dependent on few specific Fe2+ and Fe3+ surface sites rather than total Fe content. The evolution of reactivity with time highlighted that low-coordinated Fe ions primarily contribute to the overall reactivity of the fibre. Current findings contribute to explain the causes of the severe asbestos-induced oxidative stress at molecular level also for iron-poor amphiboles, and demonstrate that asbestos have a sustained surface radical activity even when highly altered by oxidative leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
- CNR-IGG, U.O. Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pacella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Kacer P, Zikova N, Komarc M, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Schwarz J, Makeš O, Syslova K, Navratil T, Turci F, Corazzari I, Zakharov S, Bello D. Markers of lipid oxidative damage in the exhaled breath condensate of nano TiO 2 production workers. Nanotoxicology 2016; 11:52-63. [PMID: 27855548 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1262921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) is a commercially important nanomaterial. Animal studies have documented lung injury and inflammation, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Yet, human health data are scarce and quantitative risk assessments and biomonitoring of exposure are lacking. NanoTiO2 is classified by IARC as a group 2B, possible human carcinogen. In our earlier studies we documented an increase in markers of inflammation, as well as DNA and protein oxidative damage, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of workers exposed nanoTiO2. This study focuses on biomarkers of lipid oxidation. Several established lipid oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenal, 8-isoProstaglandin F2α and aldehydes C6-C12) were studied in EBC and urine of 34 workers and 45 comparable controls. The median particle number concentration in the production line ranged from 1.98 × 104 to 2.32 × 104 particles/cm3 with ∼80% of the particles <100 nm in diameter. Mass concentration varied between 0.40 and 0.65 mg/m3. All 11 markers of lipid oxidation were elevated in production workers relative to the controls (p < 0.001). A significant dose-dependent association was found between exposure to TiO2 and markers of lipid oxidation in the EBC. These markers were not elevated in the urine samples. Lipid oxidation in the EBC of workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 complements our earlier findings on DNA and protein damage. These results are consistent with the oxidative stress hypothesis and suggest lung injury at the molecular level. Further studies should focus on clinical markers of potential disease progression. EBC has reemerged as a sensitive technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- a Department of Occupational Medicine , First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- b Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- c Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Nadezda Zikova
- b Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- d Department of Methodology , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic.,e First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Informatics, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- a Department of Occupational Medicine , First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- a Department of Occupational Medicine , First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- b Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Makeš
- b Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslova
- c Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- f J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Turci
- g Department of Chemistry , "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre, and NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- g Department of Chemistry , "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre, and NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- a Department of Occupational Medicine , First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- h UMass Lowell, Department of Public Health , College of Health Sciences , Lowell, MA , USA
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Corazzari I, Tomatis M, Turci F, Ferraris S, Bertone E, Prenesti E, Vernè E. Gallic acid grafting modulates the oxidative potential of ferrimagnetic bioactive glass-ceramic SC-45. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:592-599. [PMID: 27694048 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite-containing glass-ceramics are promising bio-materials for replacing bone tissue after tumour resection. Thanks to their ferrimagnetic properties, they generate heat when subjected to an alternated magnetic field. In virtue of this they can be employed for the hyperthermic treatment of cancer. Moreover, grafting anti-cancer drugs onto their surface produces specific anti-neoplastic activity in these biomaterials. Gallic acid (GA) exhibits antiproliferative activity which renders it a promising candidate for anticancer applications. In the present paper, the reactivity of ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic SC-45 grafted with GA (SC-45+GA) was studied in terms of ROS release, rupture of the C-H bond of the formate molecule and Fenton reactivity by EPR/spin trapping in acellular systems. The ability of these materials to cause lipid peroxidation was assessed by UV-vis/TBA assay employing linoleic acid as a model of membrane lipid. The results, compared to those obtained with SC-45, showed that GA grafting (i) significantly enhanced the Fenton reactivity and (ii) restored the former reactivity of SC-45 towards both the C-H bond and linoleic acid which had been completely suppressed by prolonged contact with water. Fe2+ centres at the surface are probably implicated. GA, acting as a pro-oxidant, reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+ by maintaining a supply of Fe2+ at the surface of SC-45+GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Corazzari
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Maura Tomatis
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Turci
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Sara Ferraris
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisa Bertone
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Prenesti
- University of Torino, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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Pavan C, Polimeni M, Tomatis M, Corazzari I, Turci F, Ghigo D, Fubini B. Editor's Highlight: Abrasion of Artificial Stones as a New Cause of an Ancient Disease. Physicochemical Features and Cellular Responses. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:4-17. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Bosca F, Orio L, Tagliapietra S, Corazzari I, Turci F, Martina K, Pastero L, Cravotto G, Barge A. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Tetrafuranylporphyrin-Grafted Reduced-Graphene Oxide. Chemistry 2016; 22:1608-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bosca
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Laura Orio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Silvia Tagliapietra
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G. Scansetti”; University of Turin; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Turin; Via Valperga Caluso 35 10125 Turin Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G. Scansetti”; University of Turin; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Department of Drug Science and Technology; University of Turin; Via Giuria 9 10125 Turin Italy
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Turci F, Corazzari I, Kacer P, Schwarz J, Zikova N, Makes O, Syslova K, Komarc M, Belacek J, Navratil T, Machajova M, Zakharov S. Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO2 (nano) particles. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:110-8. [PMID: 26644454 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of nanotechnology is growing enormously and occupational physicians have an increasing interest in evaluating potential hazards and finding biomarkers of effect in workers exposed to nanoparticles. METHODS A study was carried out with 36 workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 pigment and 45 controls. Condensate (EBC) titanium and markers of oxidation of nucleic acids (including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU)) and proteins (such as o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr)) were analysed from samples of their exhaled breath. RESULTS In the production workshops, the median total mass 2012 and 2013 TiO2 concentrations were 0.65 and 0.40 mg/m(3), respectively. The median numbers of concentrations measured by the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were 1.98 × 10(4) and 2.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3), respectively; and about 80% of those particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter. In the research workspace, lower aerosol concentrations (0.16 mg/m(3) and 1.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3)) were found. Titanium in the EBC was significantly higher in production workers (p<0.001) than in research workers and unexposed controls. Accordingly, most EBC oxidative stress markers, including in the preshift samples, were higher in production workers than in the two other groups. Multiple regression analysis confirmed an association between the production of TiO2 and the levels of studied biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of titanium in EBC may serve as a direct exposure marker in workers producing TiO2 pigment; the markers of oxidative stress reflect the local biological effect of (nano)TiO2 in the respiratory tract of the exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pelclova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Fenclova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Vlckova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Turci
- Interdepartmental Centre "G Scansetti" for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates and NIS Interdepartmental Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - I Corazzari
- Interdepartmental Centre "G Scansetti" for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates and NIS Interdepartmental Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Kacer
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - O Makes
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Syslova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Komarc
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Belacek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Navratil
- J Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Machajova
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - S Zakharov
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Turci F, Corazzari I, Alberto G, Martra G, Fubini B. Free-radical chemistry as a means to evaluate lunar dust health hazard in view of future missions to the moon. Astrobiology 2015; 15:371-380. [PMID: 25946080 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2014.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lunar dust toxicity has to be evaluated in view of future manned missions to the Moon. Previous studies on lunar specimens and simulated dusts have revealed an oxidant activity assigned to HO· release. However, the mechanisms behind the reactivity of lunar dust are still quite unclear at the molecular level. In the present study, a complementary set of tests--including terephthalate (TA) hydroxylation, free radical release as measured by means of the spin-trapping/electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, and cell-free lipoperoxidation--is proposed to investigate the reactions induced by the fine fraction of a lunar dust analogue (JSC-1A-vf) in biologically relevant experimental environments. Our study proved that JSC-1A-vf is able to hydroxylate TA also in anaerobic conditions, which indicates that molecular oxygen is not involved in such a reaction. Spin-trapping/EPR measures showed that the HO· radical is not the reactive intermediate involved in the oxidative potential of JSC-1A-vf. A surface reactivity implying a redox cycle of phosphate-complexed iron via a Fe(IV) state is proposed. The role of this iron species was investigated by assessing the reactivity of JSC-1A-vf toward hydrogen peroxide (Fenton-like activity), formate ions (homolytic rupture of C-H bond), and linoleic acid (cell-free lipoperoxidation). JSC-1A-vf was active in all tests, confirming that redox centers of transition metal ions on the surface of the dust may be responsible for dust reactivity and that the TA assay may be a useful field probe to monitor the surface oxidative potential of lunar dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- 1Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 2"G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 3NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- 1Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 2"G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Alberto
- 1Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 3NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianmario Martra
- 1Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 2"G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 3NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- 1Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 2"G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- 3NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Corazzari I, Nisticò R, Turci F, Faga MG, Franzoso F, Tabasso S, Magnacca G. Advanced physico-chemical characterization of chitosan by means of TGA coupled on-line with FTIR and GCMS: Thermal degradation and water adsorption capacity. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Biedrzycki JJ, Livraghi S, Corazzari I, Mino L, Spoto G, Giamello E. On the redox mechanism operating along C2H2 self-assembly at the surface of TiO2. Langmuir 2015; 31:569-577. [PMID: 25514364 DOI: 10.1021/la504290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of acetylene with the TiO2 surface at room temperature entails a complex set of self-assembly reactions with the formation of products having relatively high molecular weight. In a previous paper by some of us (Jain, S. M.; et al. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 12247-12254), the C2H2-TiO2 reaction has been monitored, essentially by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, at the surface of P25 (a mixture of anatase and rutile, typical benchmark material in the field of photocatalysis) in order to elucidate the nature of the products of this surface reaction. In the present paper, the same process was followed, for the first time, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and monitoring by the thermogravimetric analysis the weight loss of the material upon heating in order to further investigate the complex mechanism of the surface reaction. This was done using pure anatase and comparing the EPR results with those concerning both rutile and P25. The self-assembly mechanism occurring at the interface is accompanied by the formation of EPR visible Ti(3+) centers due to electrons injection in the TiO2 substrate. This finding clarifies that at least one of the reaction channels of this complex process (namely, the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is based on the heterolytic dissociative chemisorption of acetylene, followed by a redox interaction between the adsorbate and the solid, which allows the creation of the building blocks necessary to assemble polyaromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jan Biedrzycki
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS, Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surface , Via P. Giuria 7, I - 10125 Torino, Italy
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Le Blond JS, Tomatis M, Horwell CJ, Dunster C, Murphy F, Corazzari I, Grendene F, Turci F, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Williamson BJ, Oppenheimer C, Fubini B. The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:503-516. [PMID: 22431484 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane combustion generates fine-grained particulate that has the potential to be a respiratory health hazard because of its grain size and composition. In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles. In this study, we investigate and evaluate the toxicity of sugarcane ash and bagasse ash formed from commercial sugarcane burning. Experiments to determine the main physicochemical properties of the particles, known to modulate biological responses, were combined with cellular toxicity assays to gain insight into the potential reactions that could occur at the particle-lung interface following inhalation. The specific surface area of the particles ranged from ∼16 to 90 m(2) g(-1) . The samples did not generate hydroxyl- or carbon-centered radicals in cell-free tests. However, all samples were able to 'scavenge' an external source of hydroxyl radicals, which may be indicative of defects on the particle surfaces that may interfere with cellular processes. The bioavailable iron on the particle surfaces was low (2-3 μmol m(-2) ), indicating a low propensity for iron-catalyzed radical generation. The sample surfaces were all hydrophilic and slightly acidic, which may be due to the presence of oxygenated (functional) groups. The ability to cause oxidative stress and membrane rupture in red blood cells (hemolysis) was found to be low, indicating that the samples are not toxic by the mechanisms tested. Cytotoxicity of sugarcane ash was observed, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, after incubation of relatively high concentrations of ash with murine alveolar macrophage cells. All samples induced nitrogen oxide release (although only at very high concentrations) and reactive oxygen species generation (although the bagasse samples were less potent than the sugarcane ash). However, the samples induced significantly lower cytotoxic effects and nitrogen oxide generation when compared with the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Le Blond
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom; Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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14
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Turci F, Peira E, Corazzari I, Fenoglio I, Trotta M, Fubini B. Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO2 to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Peira
- Dip.
Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Trotta
- Dip.
Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dip.
Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center and NIS Excellence Center, University of Torino, via P. Giuria
7, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Fenoglio I, Ponti J, Alloa E, Ghiazza M, Corazzari I, Capomaccio R, Rembges D, Oliaro-Bosso S, Rossi F. Singlet oxygen plays a key role in the toxicity and DNA damage caused by nanometric TiO2 in human keratinocytes. Nanoscale 2013; 5:6567-6576. [PMID: 23760471 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanometric TiO2 has been reported to be cytotoxic and genotoxic in different in vitro models when activated by UV light. However, a clear picture of the species mediating the observed toxic effects is still missing. Here, a nanometric TiO2 powder has been modified at the surface to completely inhibit its photo-catalytic activity and to inhibit the generation of all reactive species except for singlet oxygen. The prepared powders have been tested for their ability to induce strand breaks in plasmid DNA and for their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity toward human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells (100-500 μg mL(-1), 15 min UVA/B exposure at 216-36 mJ m(-2) respectively). The data reported herein indicate that the photo-toxicity of TiO2 is mainly triggered by particle-derived singlet oxygen. The data presented herein contribute to the knowledge of structure-activity relationships which are needed for the design of safe nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fenoglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, G. Scansetti Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125-Torino, Italy.
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Ghiazza M, Carella E, Oliaro-Bosso S, Corazzari I, Viola F, Fenoglio I. Predictive tests to evaluate oxidative potential of engineered nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Corazzari I, Livraghi S, Ferrero S, Giamello E, Fubini B, Fenoglio I. Inactivation of TiO2 nano-powders for the preparation of photo-stable sunscreens via carbon-based surface modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Livraghi S, Corazzari I, Paganini MC, Ceccone G, Giamello E, Fubini B, Fenoglio I. Decreasing the oxidative potential of TiO(2) nanoparticles through modification of the surface with carbon: a new strategy for the production of safe UV filters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8478-80. [PMID: 20938530 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A safe UV filter may be obtained by inhibiting the photo-generation of free radicals through modification of the surface of TiO(2) nanoparticles with carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Livraghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, G. Scansetti Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates and Interdepartmental Center for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Lison D, Laloy J, Corazzari I, Muller J, Rabolli V, Panin N, Huaux F, Fenoglio I, Fubini B. Sintered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) particles: a new pneumotoxic entity. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:472-81. [PMID: 19176593 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) is a sintered mixture of indium- (In(2)O(3)) and tin-oxide (SnO(2)) in a ratio of 90:10 (wt:wt) that is used for the manufacture of LCD screens and related high technology applications. Interstitial pulmonary diseases have recently been reported in workers from ITO producing plants. The present study was conducted to identify experimentally the exact chemical component responsible for this toxicity and to address possible mechanisms of action. The reactivity of respirable ITO particles was compared with that of its single components alone or their unsintered 90:10 mixture (MIX) both in vivo and in vitro. For all endpoints considered, ITO particles behaved as a specific toxic entity. In vivo, after a single pharyngeal administration (2-20 mg per rat), ITO particles induced a strong inflammatory reaction. At day 3, the inflammatory reaction (cell accumulation, LDH and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) appeared more marked with ITO particles than with each oxide separately or the MIX. This inflammatory reaction persisted and even worsened after 15 days. After 60 days, this inflammation was still present but no significant fibrotic response was observed. The cytotoxicity of ITO was assessed in vitro in lung epithelial cells (RLE) and macrophages (NR8383 cell line). While ITO particles (up to 200 microg/ml) did not affect epithelial cell integrity (LDH release), a strong cytotoxic response was found in macrophages exposed to ITO, but not to its components alone or mixed. ITO particles also induced an increased frequency of micronuclei in type II pneumocytes in vivo but not in RLE in vitro, suggesting the preponderance of a secondary genotoxic mechanism. To address the possible mechanism of ITO toxicity, reactive oxygen species production was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry in an acellular system. Carbon centered radicals (COO-.) and Fenton-like activity were detected in the presence of ITO particles, not with In(2)O(3), SnO(2) alone, or the MIX. Because the unsintered mixture of SnO(2) and In(2)O(3) particles was unable to reproduce the reactivity/toxicity of ITO particles, the sintering process through which SnO(2) molecules are introduced within the crystal structure of In(2)O(3) appears critical to explain the unique toxicological properties of ITO. The inflammatory and genotoxic activities of ITO dust indicate that a strict control of exposure is needed in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine unit, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Fenoglio I, Corazzari I, Francia C, Bodoardo S, Fubini B. The oxidation of glutathione by cobalt/tungsten carbide contributes to hard metal-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:437-745. [PMID: 18712631 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802350904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The occupational exposure to cobalt/tungsten carbide (Co/WC) dusts causes asthma and interstitial fibrosis. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified the mixture Co/WC as probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A). The mechanism of action of Co/WC involves particle driven generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with consequent oxidative damage. The present study evaluates the reactivity of Co/WC dust toward glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys). Co/WC oxidized thiols through a mechanism involving the generation of sulphur-centred radicals. The results are consistent with the oxidation taking place at surface active sites, a part of which is accessible only to Cys S-H groups, but not to GSH ones. Such a reaction, with consequent irreversible depletion of antioxidant defenses of cells, will potentiate the oxidative stress caused by particle and cell generated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fenoglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali, Interdepartmental Center G Scansetti for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Francia C, Bodoardo S, Penazzi N, Corazzari I, Fenoglio I. Characterization of the electrochemical process responsible for the free radical release in hard metals. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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