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Bonadiman C, Brombin V, Andreozzi GB, Benna P, Coltorti M, Curetti N, Faccini B, Merli M, Pelorosso B, Stagno V, Tesauro M, Pavese A. Phlogopite-pargasite coexistence in an oxygen reduced spinel-peridotite ambient. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11829. [PMID: 34088914 PMCID: PMC8178368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of phlogopite and amphibole in mantle ultramafic rocks is widely accepted as the modal effect of metasomatism in the upper mantle. However, their simultaneous formation during metasomatic events and the related sub-solidus equilibrium with the peridotite has not been extensively studied. In this work, we discuss the geochemical conditions at which the pargasite-phlogopite assemblage becomes stable, through the investigation of two mantle xenoliths from Mount Leura (Victoria State, Australia) that bear phlogopite and the phlogopite + amphibole (pargasite) pair disseminated in a harzburgite matrix. Combining a mineralogical study and thermodynamic modelling, we predict that the P-T locus of the equilibrium reaction pargasite + forsterite = Na-phlogopite + 2 diopside + spinel, over the range 1.3-3.0 GPa/540-1500 K, yields a negative Clapeyron slope of -0.003 GPa K-1 (on average). The intersection of the P-T locus of supposed equilibrium with the new mantle geotherm calculated in this work allowed us to state that the Mount Leura xenoliths achieved equilibrium at 2.3 GPa /1190 K, that represents a plausible depth of ~ 70 km. Metasomatic K-Na-OH rich fluids stabilize hydrous phases. This has been modelled by the following equilibrium equation: 2 (K,Na)-phlogopite + forsterite = 7/2 enstatite + spinel + fluid (components: Na2O,K2O,H2O). Using quantum-mechanics, semi-empirical potentials, lattice dynamics and observed thermo-elastic data, we concluded that K-Na-OH rich fluids are not effective metasomatic agents to convey alkali species across the upper mantle, as the fluids are highly reactive with the ultramafic system and favour the rapid formation of phlogopite and amphibole. In addition, oxygen fugacity estimates of the Mount Leura mantle xenoliths [Δ(FMQ) = -1.97 ± 0.35; -1.83 ± 0.36] indicate a more reducing mantle environment than what is expected from the occurrence of phlogopite and amphibole in spinel-bearing peridotites. This is accounted for by our model of full molecular dissociation of the fluid and incorporation of the O-H-K-Na species into (OH)-K-Na-bearing mineral phases (phlogopite and amphibole), that leads to a peridotite metasomatized ambient characterized by reduced oxygen fugacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Bonadiman
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy ,Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGAG-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Montelibretti, Italy ,Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Brombin
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy ,Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGAG-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Andreozzi
- grid.7841.aDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Benna
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Coltorti
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nadia Curetti
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Faccini
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Merli
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pelorosso
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stagno
- grid.7841.aDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Magdala Tesauro
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Pavese
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Nestola F, Zaffiro G, Mazzucchelli ML, Nimis P, Andreozzi GB, Periotto B, Princivalle F, Lenaz D, Secco L, Pasqualetto L, Logvinova AM, Sobolev NV, Lorenzetti A, Harris JW. Diamond-inclusion system recording old deep lithosphere conditions at Udachnaya (Siberia). Sci Rep 2019; 9:12586. [PMID: 31467318 PMCID: PMC6715805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamonds and their inclusions are unique fragments of deep Earth, which provide rare samples from inaccessible portions of our planet. Inclusion-free diamonds cannot provide information on depth of formation, which could be crucial to understand how the carbon cycle operated in the past. Inclusions in diamonds, which remain uncorrupted over geological times, may instead provide direct records of deep Earth’s evolution. Here, we applied elastic geothermobarometry to a diamond-magnesiochromite (mchr) host-inclusion pair from the Udachnaya kimberlite (Siberia, Russia), one of the most important sources of natural diamonds. By combining X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data with a new elastic model, we obtained entrapment conditions, Ptrap = 6.5(2) GPa and Ttrap = 1125(32)–1140(33) °C, for the mchr inclusion. These conditions fall on a ca. 35 mW/m2 geotherm and are colder than the great majority of mantle xenoliths from similar depth in the same kimberlite. Our results indicate that cold cratonic conditions persisted for billions of years to at least 200 km in the local lithosphere. The composition of the mchr also indicates that at this depth the lithosphere was, at least locally, ultra-depleted at the time of diamond formation, as opposed to the melt-metasomatized, enriched composition of most xenoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nestola
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Zaffiro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia L Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Nimis
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Periotto
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Princivalle
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciano Secco
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pasqualetto
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alla M Logvinova
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Sobolev
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alessandra Lorenzetti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Harris
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Gualtieri AF, Andreozzi GB, Tomatis M, Turci F. Iron from a geochemical viewpoint. Understanding toxicity/pathogenicity mechanisms in iron-bearing minerals with a special attention to mineral fibers. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:21-37. [PMID: 30071299 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron and its role as soul of life on Earth is addressed in this review as iron is one of the most abundant elements of our universe, forms the core of our planet and that of telluric (i.e., Earth-like) planets, is a major element of the Earth's crust and is hosted in an endless number of mineral phases, both crystalline and amorphous. To study iron at an atomic level inside the bulk of mineral phases or at its surface, where it is more reactive, both spectroscopy and diffraction experimental methods can be used, taking advantage of nearly the whole spectrum of electromagnetic waves. These methods can be successfully combined to microscopy to simultaneously provide chemical (e.g. iron mapping) and morphological information on mineral particles, and shed light on the interaction of mineral surfaces with organic matter. This review describes the crystal chemistry of iron-bearing minerals of importance for the environment and human health, with special attention to iron in toxic minerals, and the experimental methods used for their study. Special attention is devoted to the Fenton-like chain reaction involving Fe2+ in the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. The final part of this review deals with release and adsorption of iron in biological fluids, coordinative and oxidative state of iron and in vitro reactivity. To disclose the very mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by iron-bearing toxic mineral particles, crystal chemistry and surface chemistry are fundamental for a multidisciplinary approach which should involve geo-bio-scientists, toxicologists and medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; CNR-IGAG, U.O. Roma, at Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Sca nsetti" Interdepartmen tal Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Sca nsetti" Interdepartmen tal Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Andreozzi GB, Pacella A, Corazzari I, Tomatis M, Turci F. Surface reactivity of amphibole asbestos: a comparison between crocidolite and tremolite. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14696. [PMID: 29089634 PMCID: PMC5665974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among asbestos minerals, fibrous riebeckite (crocidolite) and tremolite share the amphibole structure but largely differ in terms of their iron content and oxidation state. In asbestos toxicology, iron-generated free radicals are largely held as one of the causes of asbestos malignant effect. With the aim of clarifying i) the relationship between Fe occurrence and asbestos surface reactivity, and ii) how free-radical generation is modulated by surface modifications of the minerals, UICC crocidolite and fibrous tremolite from Maryland were leached from 1 day to 1 month in an oxidative medium buffered at pH 7.4 to induce redox alterations and surface rearrangements that may occur in body fluids. Structural and chemical modifications and free radical generation were monitored by HR-TEM/EDS and spin trapping/EPR spectroscopy, respectively. Free radical yield resulted to be dependent on few specific Fe2+ and Fe3+ surface sites rather than total Fe content. The evolution of reactivity with time highlighted that low-coordinated Fe ions primarily contribute to the overall reactivity of the fibre. Current findings contribute to explain the causes of the severe asbestos-induced oxidative stress at molecular level also for iron-poor amphiboles, and demonstrate that asbestos have a sustained surface radical activity even when highly altered by oxidative leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
- CNR-IGG, U.O. Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pacella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Ingrid Corazzari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
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Pollastri S, D'Acapito F, Trapananti A, Colantoni I, Andreozzi GB, Gualtieri AF. The chemical environment of iron in mineral fibres. A combined X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopic study. J Hazard Mater 2015; 298:282-293. [PMID: 26073382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although asbestos represents today one of the most harmful contaminant on Earth, in 72% of the countries worldwide only amphiboles are banned while controlled use of chrysotile is allowed. Uncertainty on the potential toxicity of chrysotile is due to the fact that the mechanisms by which mineral fibres induces cyto- and geno-toxic damage are still unclear. We have recently started a long term project aimed at the systematic investigation of the crystal-chemistry, bio-interaction and toxicity of the mineral fibres. This work presents a systematic structural investigation of iron in asbestos and erionite (considered the most relevant mineral fibres of social and/or economic-industrial importance) using synchrotron X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In all investigated mineral fibres, iron in the bulk structure is found in octahedral sites and can be made available at the surface via fibre dissolution. We postulate that the amount of hydroxyl radicals released by the fibers depends, among other factors, upon their dissolution rate; in relation to this, a ranking of ability of asbestos fibres to generate hydroxyl radicals, resulting from available surface iron, is advanced: amosite > crocidolite ≈ chrysotile > anthophyllite > tremolite. Erionite, with a fairly high toxicity potential, contains only octahedrally coordinated Fe(3+). Although it needs further experimental evidence, such available surface iron may be present as oxide nanoparticles coating and can be a direct cause of generation of hydroxyl radicals when such coating dissolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pollastri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via S. Eufemia 19, I-41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco D'Acapito
- CNR-IOM-OGG c/o ESRF, GILDA CRG, 71 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Angela Trapananti
- CNR-IOM-OGG c/o ESRF, GILDA CRG, 71 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Colantoni
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della ricerca scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via S. Eufemia 19, I-41121 Modena, Italy
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Pacella A, Andreozzi GB, Fournier J, Stievano L, Giantomassi F, Lucarini G, Rippo MR, Pugnaloni A. Iron topochemistry and surface reactivity of amphibole asbestos: relations with in vitro toxicity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:871-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fantauzzi M, Pacella A, Atzei D, Gianfagna A, Andreozzi GB, Rossi A. Combined use of X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques in the analytical characterization of iron oxidation state in amphibole asbestos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2889-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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