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Kogan EA, Meerovich GA, Karshieva SS, Makarova EA, Romanishkin ID, Akhlyustina EV, Meerovich IG, Zharkov NV, Koudan EV, Demura TA, Loschenov VB. Photodynamic therapy of lung cancer with photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin (experimental study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103647. [PMID: 37271489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the tasks of anticancer photodynamic therapy is increasing the efficacy of treatment of cancer nodes with large (clinically relevant) sizes using near-infrared photosensitizers (PS). METHODS The anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of the photodynamic action of PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against Lewis lung carcinoma were studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS It was found that studied PS have high phototoxicity against Lewis lung carcinoma cells: the IC50 values were about 0.8 μM for tetracationic PS and 0.5 μM for octacationic PS. In vivo studies have shown that these PS provide effective inhibition of the tumor growth with an increase in the lifespan of mice in the group by more than 130%, and more than 50% survival of mice in the group. CONCLUSIONS Photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin have high photodynamic efficacy caused by the induction of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, and a sharp decrease of mitotic and proliferative activity. Studied polycationic photosensitizers are much more effective at destroying cancer stem cells and newly formed cancer vessels in comparison with anionic photosensitizers, and ensure the cessation of tumor blood flow without hemorrhages and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Gennady A Meerovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Saida Sh Karshieva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | | | - Igor D Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | | | - Irina G Meerovich
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Zharkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Koudan
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Demura
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Victor B Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
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Kazachkina NI, Zherdeva VV, Meerovich IG, Saydasheva AN, Solovyev ID, Tuchina DK, Savitsky AP, Tuchin VV, Bogdanov AA. MR and fluorescence imaging of gadobutrol-induced optical clearing of red fluorescent protein signal in an in vivo cancer model. NMR Biomed 2022; 35:e4708. [PMID: 35106848 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodality registration of optical and MR images in the same tissue volume in vivo may be enabled by MR contrast agents with an optical clearing (OC) effect. The goals of this study were to (a) investigate the effects of clinical MR contrast agent gadobutrol (GB) and its combinations as a potential OC agent assisting in fluorescence intensity (FI) imaging in vivo and (b) evaluate MRI as a tool for imaging of topical or systemic application of GB for the purpose of OC. Subcutaneous tumor xenografts expressing red fluorescent marker protein were used as disease models. MRI was performed at 1 T 1 H MRI using T1 -weighted 3D gradient-echo (T1w-3D GRE) sequences to measure time-dependent MR signal intensity changes by region of interest analysis after image segmentation. Topical application of 1.0 M or 0.7 M GB-containing OC mixture with water and dimethyl sulfoxide showed similar 30-40% increases of tumor FI during the initial 15 min. Afterwards, the OC effect of GB on FI and tumor/background FI ratio showed a decrease over time in the case of 1.0 M GB, unlike the 0.7 M GB mixture, which resulted in a steady increase of FI and tumor/background ratio for 15-60 min. The use of T1w-3D GRE MR pulse sequences showed that concentrated 1.0 M GB resulted in MR signal loss of the skin due to high magnetic susceptibility and that signal loss coincided with the OC effect. Intravenous injection of 0.3 mmol GB/kg resulted in a rapid but transient 40% increase of FI of the tumors. Overall, 1 T MRI enabled tracking of GB-containing OC compositions on the skin surface and tumor tissue, supporting the observation of a time-dependent FI increase in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Kazachkina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria V Zherdeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina G Meerovich
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Asiya N Saydasheva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya D Solovyev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daria K Tuchina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander P Savitsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei A Bogdanov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Radiology, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Kogan EA, Meerovich GA, Karshieva SS, Makarova EA, Romanishkin ID, Akhlyustina EV, Meerovich IG, Zharkov NV, Demura TA, Chen ZL, Koudan EV, Angelov IP, Loschenov VB. On the mechanisms of photodynamic action of photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against human lung cancer cells A549 (in vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102955. [PMID: 35690323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the tasks of anticancer photodynamic therapy is increasing the efficacy of treatment of cancer nodes with large (clinically relevant) sizes using near-infrared photosensitizers (PS). We study the photodynamic action against A549 human lung cancer cells using PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin. METHODS The efficacy and mechanisms of the photodynamic action of PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against A549 lung cancer cells were studied in vitro using immunocytochemical and morphological methods. RESULTS It was found that PS based on tetracationic and octacationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin induce necrosis, apoptosis, decreasing of proliferative and mitotic activity, as well as reducing the number of ALDH1-positive cancer cells with signs of stem cells in A549 human lung cancer cell culture. The IC50 values (concentration of a PS that reduces cells survival by 50%) were about 0.69 μM for tetracationic PS and 0.57 μM for octacationic PS under irradiation at 30 J/cm2 while in the "dark" control they were higher than 100 μM for both PSs. CONCLUSIONS Photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin have high phototoxicity against A549 cancer cells caused by the induction of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells, including cells with signs of stemness, and a sharp decrease of mitotic and proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Gennady A Meerovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Saida Sh Karshieva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; 3D Bioprinting Solutions Ltd., Moscow 115409, Russia
| | | | - Igor D Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Irina G Meerovich
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Zharkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Demura
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China; Huadong Hospital at Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Ivan P Angelov
- Institute of Electronics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria; Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Victor B Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
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Tuchina DK, Meerovich IG, Sindeeva OA, Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP, Bogdanov AA, Tuchin VV. Magnetic resonance contrast agents in optical clearing: Prospects for multimodal tissue imaging. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e201960249. [PMID: 32687263 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin optical clearing effect ex vivo and in vivo was achieved by topical application of low molecular weight paramagnetic magnetic resonance contrast agents. This novel feature has not been explored before. By using collimated transmittance the diffusion coefficients of three clinically used magnetic resonance contrast agents, that is Gadovist, Magnevist and Dotarem as well as X-ray contrast agent Visipaque in mouse skin were determined ex vivo as (4.29 ± 0.39) × 10-7 cm2 /s, (5.00 ± 0.72) × 10-7 cm2 /s, (3.72 ± 0.67) × 10-7 cm2 /s and (1.64 ± 0.18) × 10-7 cm2 /s, respectively. The application of gadobutrol (Gadovist) resulted in efficient optical clearing that in general, was superior to other contrast agents tested and allowed to achieve: (a) more than 12-fold increase of transmittance over 10 minutes after application ex vivo; (b) markedly improved images of skin architecture obtained with optical coherence tomography; (c) an increase of the fluorescence intensity/background ratio in TagRFP-red fluorescent marker protein expressing tumor by five times after 15 minutes application into the skin in vivo. The obtained results have immediate implications for multimodality imaging because many contrast agents are capable of simultaneously enhancing the contrast of multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria K Tuchina
- Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina G Meerovich
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Victoria V Zherdeva
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander P Savitsky
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei A Bogdanov
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- А.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
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Savitsky AP, Meerovich IG, Zherdeva VV, Arslanbaeva LR, Burova OS, Sokolova DV, Treshchalina EM, Baryshnikov AY, Fiks II, Orlova AG, Kleshnin MS, Turchin IV, Sergeev AM. Three-dimensional in vivo imaging of tumors expressing red fluorescent proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 872:97-114. [PMID: 22700406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-797-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
3D imaging of genetically-engineered fluorescent tumors enables quantitative monitoring of tumor growth/regression, metastatic processes, including during anticancer therapy in real-time.Fluorescent tumor models for 3D imaging require stable expression of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and maintenance of the properties of tumor cell line including growth rate, morphology, and immunophenotype.In this chapter, the protocol for 3D imaging of tumors expressing red fluorescent protein are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Savitsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Rusanov AL, Ivashina TV, Vinokurov LM, Fiks II, Orlova AG, Turchin IV, Meerovich IG, Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Lifetime imaging of FRET between red fluorescent proteins. J Biophotonics 2010; 3:774-83. [PMID: 20925107 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous processes in cells can be traced by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two fluorescent proteins. The novel FRET pair including the red fluorescent protein TagRFP and kindling fluorescent protein KFP for sensing caspase-3 activity is developed. The lifetime mode of FRET measurements with a nonfluorescent protein KFP as an acceptor is used to minimize crosstalk due to its direct excitation. The red fluorescence is characterized by a better penetrability through the tissues and minimizes the cell autofluorescence signal. The effective transfection and expression of the FRET sensor in eukaryotic cells is shown by FLIM. The induction of apoptosis by camptothecine increases the fluorescence lifetime, which means effective cleavage of the FRET sensor by caspase-3. The instruments for detecting whole-body fluorescent lifetime imaging are described. Experiments on animals show distinct fluorescence lifetimes for the red fluorescent proteins possessing similar spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Rusanov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Turchin IV, Kamensky VA, Plehanov VI, Orlova AG, Kleshnin MS, Fiks II, Shirmanova MV, Meerovich IG, Arslanbaeva LR, Jerdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Fluorescence diffuse tomography for detection of red fluorescent protein expressed tumors in small animals. J Biomed Opt 2008; 13:041310. [PMID: 19021318 DOI: 10.1117/1.2953528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence diffuse tomography (FDT) setup for monitoring tumor growth in small animals has been created. In this setup an animal is scanned in the transilluminative configuration by a single source and detector pair. To remove stray light in the detection system, we used a combination of interferometric and absorption filters. To reduce the scanning time, an experimental animal was scanned using the following algorithm: (1) large-step scanning to obtain a general view of the animal (source and detector move synchronously); (2) selection of the fluorescing region; and (3) small-step scanning of the selected region and different relative shifts between the source and detector to obtain sufficient information for 3D reconstruction. We created a reconstruction algorithm based on the Holder norm to estimate the fluorophore distribution. This algorithm converges to the solution with a minimum number of fluorescing zones. The use of tumor cell lines transfected with fluorescent proteins allowed us to conduct intravital monitoring studies. Cell lines of human melanomas Mel-P, Mel-Ibr, Mel-Kor, and human embryonic kidney HEK293 Phoenix were transfected with DsRed-Express and Turbo-RFP genes. The emission of red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) in the long-wave optical range permits detection of deep-seated tumors. In vivo experiments were conducted immediately after subcutaneous injection of fluorescing cells into small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Turchin
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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Meerovich IG, Brandis A, Meerovich GA, Stratonnikov AA, Bendel P, Oborotova NA, Shertz A, Baryshnikov AY. Study of manganese bacteriopheophorbide as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance tomography. Bull Exp Biol Med 2008; 143:452-4. [PMID: 18214298 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-007-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of manganese bacteriopheophorbide characterized by a high relaxation capacity and selectively accumulating in the tumor as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance tomography significantly improves tumor contrasting against the background of normal tissues. The pharmacokinetics and selectivity of accumulation were studied by diffuse reflection spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Meerovich
- N. N. Blokhin National Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
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9
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Meerovich IG, Smirnova ZS, Oborotova NA, Luk'yanets EA, Meerovich GA, Derkacheva VM, Polozkova AP, Kubasova IY, Baryshnikov AY. Hydroxyaluminium tetra-3-phenylthiophthalocyanine is a new effective photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 139:427-30. [PMID: 16027872 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the possibility of using liposomal forms of hydroxyaluminium tetra-3-phenylthiophthalocyanine as a near infrared band photosensitizer. Experiments on mice with solid Ehrlich tumor and subcutaneously transplanted P-388 leukemia revealed high selectivity of accumulation of the photosensitizer in tumors in comparison with normal tissues and high photodynamic activity of the preparation. This photosensitizer can be used as the basis for creating an effective preparation for photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Meerovich
- N. N. Blokhin National Center for Cancer Research, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia.
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Meerovich IG, Jerdeva V, Derkacheva VM, Meerovich GA, Lukyanets EA, Kogan EA, Savitsky AP. Photodynamic activity of dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2005; 80:57-64. [PMID: 15963437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2004] [Revised: 12/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic activity of dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine was studied in vitro and in vivo. Dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine provided enhanced phototoxic action on OAT-75 cell monolayers as compared with the parent drug. Photodynamic therapy of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma using dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine (0.25 mg/kg) resulted in enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, pronounced vascular damage (thrombosis and destruction of vascular walls) and eventual tumor necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Meerovich
- Laboratory of Physical Biochemistry, A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, Moscow
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Meerovich IG, Stratonnikov AA, Riabova AV, Meerovich GA, Oborotova NA, Smirnova ZS, Kubasova II, Brandis A, Luk'ianets EA, Kaliia OL, Bendel' P, Loshchenov VB, Sherts A, Vorozhtsov GN, Baryshnikov AI. [Study of optical absorption of sensitizers in vivo]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2005:25-30. [PMID: 16149432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The subject of the paper is study of optical absorption of sensitizers in biological tissue. The study shows that absorbance can be used as a tool that allows studying biodistribution of sensitizers and their interaction with tissue in vivo. The article presents a simple technique of determining biological tissue absorption in vivo, and discusses the results of experimental animal studies of some sensitizers.
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Matveeva EG, Meerovich IG, Savitskiĭ AP. [Synthesis of phthalocyanine conjugates with monoclonal antibodies in AOT/n-octane reversed micelles and in water-organic solvent mixtures]. Bioorg Khim 1998; 24:64-71. [PMID: 9551204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of cobalt and aluminum phthalocyanines with monoclonal antibodies were synthesized using an AOT/n-octane reversed micellar system or water-organic mixtures with a low content of organic solvent as media. The effect of the degree of hydration of the micelles and the concentration of phthalocyanines on the composition of conjugates was studied. The immune activity of the resulting conjugates in comparison to that of native antibodies was evaluated. The catalytic activity of free cobalt phthalocyanines and their antibody conjugates was studied in the reaction of ascorbic acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Matveeva
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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