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de Brito FC, Arenzon A, Reichert N, Lazzarotto M, Ávila S, Pacheco SDG, Kruger I, Rozino L, Vargas VMF. Ecotoxicological evaluation of fruit extracts from yerba mate progenies ( Ilex paraguariensis a St-Hil.): a natural biopesticide. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:782-791. [PMID: 34279188 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1949927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biocidal activity of aqueous fruit extracts from Ilex paraguariensis progenies at different ripening stages in two ecotoxicity assays using Pomacea canaliculata juveniles and Danio rerio larvae. Mutagenicity was verified by the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA 98 and TA 100) in the presence and absence of hepatic metabolism in vitro. The results showed that the snails were more sensitive than the larvae to the P.1 progeny extracts in all three evaluated ripening stages. P.3 progeny extracts were the most toxic to Danio rerio larvae after 96 hours of exposure. The toxicity results indicate that the progenies' selection influenced the metabolic contents present in the fruits in all ripening stages over time, indicating high molluscicidal activity for the P.1 progeny. In the Salmonella/microsome assays, the semi-ripe and ripe extracts from progenies P.1 and P.3 showed mainly base pair substitution mutation in assays with metabolism, but at higher doses than the toxic concentrations detected for Danio rerio or Pomacea canaliculata. Therefore, the toxicological investigation of the progenies' extracts can be interesting, given the selection of plant materials influenced the response of the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Carvalho de Brito
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Arenzon
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalie Reichert
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Center of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzarotto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Florestas, Colombo-PR, Brazil
| | - Suelen Ávila
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Health Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ismael Kruger
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de iniciação Científica, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental, PIBIC/CNPq/FEPAM
| | - Livia Rozino
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de iniciação Científica, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental, PIBIC/CNPq/FEPAM
| | - Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Crawford RJM, Cruickshank RA, Shelton PA, Kruger I. Partitioning of a goby resource amongst four avian predators and evidence for altered trophic flow in the pelagic community of an intense, perennial upwelling system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2989/025776185784461252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gaffar A, Afflitto J, Nabi N, Herles S, Kruger I, Olsen S. Recent advances in plaque, gingivitis, tartar and caries prevention technology. Int Dent J 1994; 44:63-70. [PMID: 8021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A dentifrice containing triclosan/PVM/MA, copolymer/NaF (Total) combination was compared with dentifrices containing triclosan without the copolymer system. A variety of laboratory, animal and human studies indicated that Total provided higher uptake and retention of triclosan on teeth, and was more effective in reducing plaque in chemostat and flow cell models. The retention of triclosan in dental plaque was significantly higher with Total as compared with other dentifrices 2 hours post brushing. The triclosan retained in the plaque after using Total was effective against plaque bacteria for up to 12 hours. Other dentifrices did not provide a sustained antibacterial effect against plaque. The results indicated that the delivery system with the copolymer significantly enhanced the efficacy of triclosan against plaque, gingivitis and plaque related diseases in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaffar
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Brulfert J, Vidal J, Le Marechal P, Gadal P, Queiroz O, Kluge M, Kruger I. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation process as a probable mechanism for the diurnal regulatory changes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in CAM plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136:151-9. [PMID: 3707571 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Day and night forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) (PEPC) were extracted from leaves of the CAM plants Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K. tubiflora and K. blossfeldiana previously fed with [32P] labelled phosphate solution. A one-step immunochemical purification followed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that, in all species, the night form of the enzyme was phosphorylated and not the day form. Limited acid hydrolysis of the night form and two-dimensional separation identified predominantly labelled phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. In vitro addition of exogenous acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) to desalted night form-containing extracts resulted within 30 min in a shift in PEPC enzymic properties similar to the in vivo changes from night to day form. It is suggested that phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of the enzyme could be the primary in vivo process which might explain the observed rhythmicity of enzymic properties.
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