1
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Mathew R, Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Gkoura L, Rosay M, Baias M. Complete resonance assignment of a pharmaceutical drug at natural isotopic abundance from DNP-Enhanced solid-state NMR. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2022; 119:101794. [PMID: 35462269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced magic angle spinning (DNP-MAS) NMR measurements coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations enable the full resonance assignment of a complex pharmaceutical drug molecule without the need for isotopic enrichment. DNP dramatically enhances the NMR signals, thereby making possible previously intractable two-dimensional correlation NMR spectra at natural abundance. Using inputs from DFT calculations, herein we describe a significant improvement to the structure elucidation process for complex organic molecules. Further, we demonstrate that a series of two-dimensional correlation experiments, including 15N-13C TEDOR, 13C-13C INADEQUATE/SARCOSY, 19F-13C HETCOR, and 1H-13C HETCOR, can be obtained at natural isotopic abundance within reasonable experiment times, thus enabling a complete resonance assignment of sitagliptin, a pharmaceutical used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France, 34 rue de l'industrie, 67166, Wissembourg, France.
| | - Lydia Gkoura
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Maria Baias
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Quinn CM, Zadorozhnyi R, Struppe J, Sergeyev IV, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Fast 19F Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Structural Characterization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Blockbuster Drugs. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13029-13037. [PMID: 34517697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated drugs occupy a large and growing share of the pharmaceutical market. Here, we explore high-frequency, 60 to 111 kHz, 19F magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the structural characterization of fluorinated active pharmaceutical ingredients in commercial formulations of seven blockbuster drugs: Celebrex, Cipro, Crestor, Levaquin, Lipitor, Prozac, and Zyvox. 19F signals can be observed in a single scan, and spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios can be acquired in minutes. 19F spectral parameters, such as chemical shifts and line widths, are sensitive to both the nature of the fluorine moiety and the formulation. We anticipate that the fast 19F MAS NMR-based approach presented here will be valuable for the rapid analysis of fluorine-containing drugs in a wide variety of formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Roman Zadorozhnyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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3
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Guo C, Fritz MP, Struppe J, Wegner S, Stringer J, Sergeyev IV, Quinn CM, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Fast 19F Magic Angle Spinning NMR Crystallography for Structural Characterization of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceutical Compounds. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8210-8218. [PMID: 34080855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing compounds comprise 20 to 30 percent of all commercial drugs, and the proportion of fluorinated pharmaceuticals is rapidly growing. While magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is a popular technique for analysis of solid pharmaceutical compounds, fluorine has been underutilized as a structural probe so far. Here, we report a fast (40-60 kHz) MAS 19F NMR approach for structural characterization of fluorine-containing crystalline pharmaceutical compounds at natural abundance, using the antimalarial fluorine-containing drug mefloquine as an example. We demonstrate the utility of 2D 19F-13C and 19F-19F dipolar-coupling-based correlation experiments for 19F and 13C resonance frequency assignment, which permit identification of crystallographically inequivalent sites. The efficiency of 19F-13C cross-polarization and the effect of 1H and 19F decoupling on spectral resolution and sensitivity were evaluated in a broad range of experimental conditions. We further demonstrate a protocol for measuring accurate interfluorine distances based on 1D DANTE-RFDR experiments combined with multispin numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Matthew P Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | - John Stringer
- PhoenixNMR, 510 E. 5th Street, Loveland, Colorado 80537, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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4
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Sergeyev IV, Quinn CM, Struppe J, Gronenborn A, Polenova T. Competing Transfer Pathways in Direct and Indirect Dynamic Nuclear Polarization MAS NMR Experiments on HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies: Implications for Sensitivity and Resolution. Magn Reson (Gott) 2021; 2:239-249. [PMID: 34136885 PMCID: PMC8203495 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-239-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced (DNP) magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of biological systems is a rapidly growing field. Large signal enhancements make the technique particularly attractive for signal-limited cases, such as studies of complex biological assemblies or at natural isotopic abundance. However, spectral resolution is considerably reduced compared to ambient-temperature non-DNP spectra. Herein, we report a systematic investigation into sensitivity and resolution of 1D and 2D 13C-detected DNP MAS NMR experiments on HIV-1 CA tubular assemblies. We show that the magnitude and sign of signal enhancement as well as the homogeneous line width are strongly dependent on the biradical concentration, the dominant polarization transfer pathway, and the enhancement buildup time. Our findings provide guidance for optimal choice of sample preparation and experimental conditions in DNP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware,
Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Angela M. Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware,
Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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5
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Mandala VS, Loh DM, Shepard SM, Geeson MB, Sergeyev IV, Nocera DG, Cummins CC, Hong M. Bacterial Phosphate Granules Contain Cyclic Polyphosphates: Evidence from 31P Solid-State NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18407-18421. [PMID: 33075224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyPs) are ubiquitous polymers in living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They serve a wide variety of biological functions, ranging from energy storage to stress response. In the last two decades, polyPs have been primarily viewed as linear polymers with varying chain lengths. However, recent biochemical data show that small metaphosphates, cyclic oligomers of [PO3](-), can bind to the enzymes ribonuclease A and NAD kinase, raising the question of whether metaphosphates can occur naturally as products of biological activity. Before the 1980s, metaphosphates had been reported in polyPs extracted from various organisms, but these results are considered artifactual due to the extraction and purification protocols. Here, we employ nondestructive 31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy to investigate the chemical structure of polyphosphates in whole cells as well as insoluble fractions of the bacterium Xanthobacter autotrophicus. Isotropic and anisotropic 31P chemical shifts of hydrated whole cells indicate the coexistence of linear and cyclic phosphates. Under our cell growth conditions and the concentrated conditions of the solid-state NMR samples, we found substantial amounts of cyclic phosphates in X. autotrophicus, suggesting that in fresh cells metaphosphate concentrations can be significant. The cellular metaphosphates are identified by comparison with the 31P chemical shift anisotropy of synthetic metaphosphates of known structures. In X. autotrophicus, the metaphosphates have a chemical shift anisotropy that is consistent with an average size of 3-8 phosphate units. These metaphosphates are enriched in insoluble and electron-dense granules. Exogenous hexametaphosphate added to X. autotrophicus cell extracts is metabolized to trimetaphosphates, supporting the presence and biological role of metaphosphates in cells. The definitive evidence for the presence of metaphosphates, reported here in whole bacterial cells for the first time, opens the path for future investigations of the biological function of metaphosphates in many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Mandala
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel M Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scott M Shepard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Hestenes JC, Ells AW, Navarro Goldaraz M, Sergeyev IV, Itin B, Marbella LE. Reversible Deposition and Stripping of the Cathode Electrolyte Interphase on Li 2RuO 3. Front Chem 2020; 8:681. [PMID: 32850679 PMCID: PMC7417863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance decline in Li-excess cathodes is generally attributed to structural degradation at the electrode-electrolyte interphase, including transition metal migration into the lithium layer and oxygen evolution into the electrolyte. Reactions between these new surface structures and/or reactive oxygen species in the electrolyte can lead to the formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the surface of the electrode, though the link between CEI composition and the performance of Li-excess materials is not well understood. To bridge this gap in understanding, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to assess the chemical composition and impedance of the CEI on Li2RuO3 as a function of state of charge and cycle number. We show that the CEI that forms on Li2RuO3 when cycled in carbonate-containing electrolytes is similar to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that has been observed on anode materials, containing components such as PEO, Li acetate, carbonates, and LiF. The CEI composition deposited on the cathode surface on charge is chemically distinct from that observed upon discharge, supporting the notion of crosstalk between the SEI and the CEI, with Li+-coordinating species leaving the CEI during delithiation. Migration of the outer CEI combined with the accumulation of poor ionic conducting components on the static inner CEI may contribute to the loss of performance over time in Li-excess cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Hestenes
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew W Ells
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mateo Navarro Goldaraz
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Boris Itin
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Hope MA, Rinkel BLD, Gunnarsdóttir AB, Märker K, Menkin S, Paul S, Sergeyev IV, Grey CP. Selective NMR observation of the SEI-metal interface by dynamic nuclear polarisation from lithium metal. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2224. [PMID: 32376916 PMCID: PMC7203113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While lithium metal represents the ultimate high-energy-density battery anode material, its use is limited by dendrite formation and associated safety risks, motivating studies of the solid-electrolyte interphase layer that forms on the lithium, which is key in controlling lithium metal deposition. Dynamic nuclear polarisation enhanced NMR can provide important structural information; however, typical exogenous dynamic nuclear polarisation experiments, in which organic radicals are added to the sample, require cryogenic sample cooling and are not selective for the interface between the metal and the solid-electrolyte interphase. Here we instead exploit the conduction electrons of lithium metal to achieve an order of magnitude hyperpolarisation at room temperature. We enhance the 7Li, 1H and 19F NMR spectra of solid-electrolyte interphase species selectively, revealing their chemical nature and spatial distribution. These experiments pave the way for more ambitious room temperature in situ dynamic nuclear polarisation studies of batteries and the selective enhancement of metal-solid interfaces in a wider range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bernardine L D Rinkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anna B Gunnarsdóttir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Katharina Märker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Svetlana Menkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Subhradip Paul
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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8
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Lund A, Casano G, Menzildjian G, Kaushik M, Stevanato G, Yulikov M, Jabbour R, Wisser D, Renom-Carrasco M, Thieuleux C, Bernada F, Karoui H, Siri D, Rosay M, Sergeyev IV, Gajan D, Lelli M, Emsley L, Ouari O, Lesage A. TinyPols: a family of water-soluble binitroxides tailored for dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy at 18.8 and 21.1 T. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2810-2818. [PMID: 34084341 PMCID: PMC8157490 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has recently emerged as a key method to increase the sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy under Magic Angle Spinning (MAS). While efficient binitroxide polarizing agents such as AMUPol have been developed for MAS DNP NMR at magnetic fields up to 9.4 T, their performance drops rapidly at higher fields due to the unfavorable field dependence of the cross-effect (CE) mechanism and AMUPol-like radicals were so far disregarded in the context of the development of polarizing agents for very high-field DNP. Here, we introduce a new family of water-soluble binitroxides, dubbed TinyPols, which have a three-bond non-conjugated flexible amine linker allowing sizable couplings between the two unpaired electrons. We show that this adjustment of the linker is crucial and leads to unexpectedly high DNP enhancement factors at 18.8 T and 21.1 T: an improvement of about a factor 2 compared to AMUPol is reported for spinning frequencies ranging from 5 to 40 kHz, with ε H of up to 90 at 18.8 T and 38 at 21.1 T for the best radical in this series, which are the highest MAS DNP enhancements measured so far in aqueous solutions at these magnetic fields. This work not only breathes a new momentum into the design of binitroxides tailored towards high magnetic fields, but also is expected to push the application frontiers of high-resolution DNP MAS NMR, as demonstrated here on a hybrid mesostructured silica material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lund
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | | | - Georges Menzildjian
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Monu Kaushik
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ribal Jabbour
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dorothea Wisser
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Marc Renom-Carrasco
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon, Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, University of Lyon 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon, Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, University of Lyon 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR Marseille France
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica Massachusetts 01821 USA
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica Massachusetts 01821 USA
| | - David Gajan
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence Via Luigi Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à; Très Hauts Champs, Université; de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) 69100 Villeurbanne France
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9
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Hassan A, Quinn CM, Struppe J, Sergeyev IV, Zhang C, Guo C, Runge B, Theint T, Dao HH, Jaroniec CP, Berbon M, Lends A, Habenstein B, Loquet A, Kuemmerle R, Perrone B, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Sensitivity boosts by the CPMAS CryoProbe for challenging biological assemblies. J Magn Reson 2020; 311:106680. [PMID: 31951864 PMCID: PMC7060763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in MAS NMR hardware and experimental methodologies, sensitivity remains a major challenge for large and complex biological systems. Here, we report that 3-4 fold higher sensitivities can be obtained in heteronuclear-detected experiments, using a novel HCN CPMAS probe, where the sample coil and the electronics operate at cryogenic temperatures, while the sample is maintained at ambient temperatures (BioSolids CryoProbe™). Such intensity enhancements permit recording 2D and 3D experiments that are otherwise time-prohibitive, such as 2D 15N-15N proton-driven spin diffusion and 15N-13C double cross polarization to natural abundance carbon experiments. The benefits of CPMAS CryoProbe-based experiments are illustrated for assemblies of kinesin Kif5b with microtubules, HIV-1 capsid protein assemblies, and fibrils of human Y145Stop and fungal HET-s prion proteins - demanding systems for conventional MAS solid-state NMR and excellent reference systems in terms of spectral quality. We envision that this probe technology will be beneficial for a wide range of applications, especially for biological systems suffering from low intrinsic sensitivity and at physiological temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Hassan
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, Fällanden, Switzerland.
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Changmiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Brent Runge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Theint Theint
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Hanh H Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Christopher P Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alons Lends
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Antoine Loquet
- CNRS, CBMN, UMR5248, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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10
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Fritz M, Kraus J, Quinn CM, Yap GPA, Struppe J, Sergeyev IV, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Measurement of Accurate Interfluorine Distances in Crystalline Organic Solids: A High-Frequency Magic Angle Spinning NMR Approach. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10680-10690. [PMID: 31682453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-range interatomic distance restraints are critical for the determination of molecular structures by NMR spectroscopy, both in solution and in the solid state. Fluorine is a powerful NMR probe in a wide variety of contexts, owing to its favorable magnetic properties, ease of incorporation into biological molecules, and ubiquitous use in synthetic organic molecules designed for diverse applications. Because of the large gyromagnetic ratio of the 100% naturally abundant 19F isotope, interfluorine distances as long as 20 Å are accessible in magic-angle spinning (MAS) dipolar recoupling experiments. Herein, we present an approach for the determination of accurate interfluorine distances in multispin systems, using the finite pulse radio frequency driven recoupling (fpRFDR) at high MAS frequencies of 40-60 kHz. We use a series of crystalline "molecular ruler" solids, difluorobenzoic acids and 7F-L-tryptophan, for which the intra- and intermolecular interfluorine distances are known. We describe the optimal experimental conditions for accurate distance determinations, including the choice of a phase cycle, the relative advantages of selective inversion one-dimensional versus two-dimensional correlation experiments, and the appropriate numerical simulation protocols. An optimal strategy for the analysis of RFDR exchange curves in organic solids with extended spin interaction networks is presented, which, even in the absence of crystal structures, can be potentially incorporated into NMR structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Jodi Kraus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States.,Department of Structural Biology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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11
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Ha M, Thiessen AN, Sergeyev IV, Veinot JGC, Michaelis VK. Endogenous dynamic nuclear polarization NMR of hydride-terminated silicon nanoparticles. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 100:77-84. [PMID: 31015058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are intriguing materials and their properties fascinate the broader scientific community; they are also attractive to the biological and materials science sub-disciplines because of their established biological and environmental compatibility, as well as their far-reaching practical applications. While characterization of the particle nanostructure can be performed using 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, poor sensitivity due to low Boltzmann population and long acquisition times hinder in-depth studies of these potentially game-changing materials. In this study, we compare two dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR protocols to boost 29Si sensitivity in hydride-terminated SiNPs. First, we assess a traditional indirect DNP approach, where a nitroxide biradical (AMUPol or bCTbk) is incorporated into a glassing agent and transferred through protons (e- → 1H → 29Si) to enhance the silicon. In this mode, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the hydride-terminated surface was highly reactive with the exogenous biradicals, thus decomposing the radicals within hours and resulting in an enhancement factor, ε, of 3 (TB = 15 s) for the 64 nm SiNP, revealing the surface components. Secondly, direct DNP NMR methods were used to enhance the silicon without the addition of an exogenous radical (i.e., use of dangling bonds as an endogenous radical source). With radical concentrations <1 mM, 29Si enhancements were obtained for the series of SiNPs ranging from 3 to 64 nm. The ability to use direct 29Si DNP transfer (e- → 29Si) shows promise for DNP studies of these inorganic nanomaterials (ε = 6 (TB = 79 min) for 64 nm SiNPs) with highly reactive surfaces, showing the sub-surface and core features. These preliminary findings lay a foundation for future endogenous radical development through tailoring the surface chemistry, targeting further sensitivity gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker-Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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12
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Good DB, Voinov MA, Bolton D, Ward ME, Sergeyev IV, Caporini M, Scheffer P, Lo A, Rosay M, Marek A, Brown LS, I Smirnov A, Ladizhansky V. A biradical-tagged phospholipid as a polarizing agent for solid-state MAS Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR of membrane proteins. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 100:92-101. [PMID: 31029957 PMCID: PMC6709687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) NMR polarizing agent ToSMTSL-PTE representing a phospholipid with a biradical TOTAPOL tethered to the polar head group has been synthesized, characterized, and employed to enhance solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) signal of a lipid-reconstituted integral membrane protein proteorhodopsin (PR). A matrix-free PR formulation for DNP improved the absolute sensitivity of NMR signal by a factor of ca. 4 compared to a conventional preparation with TOTAPOL dispersed in a glassy glycerol/water matrix. DNP enhancements measured at 400 MHz/263 GHz and 600 MHz/395 GHz showed a strong field dependence but remained moderate at both fields, and comparable to those obtained for PR covalently modified with ToSMTSL. Additional continuous wave (CW) X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments with ToSMTSL-PTE in solutions and in lipid bilayers revealed that an unfavorable conformational change of the linker connecting mononitroxides could be one of the reasons for moderate DNP enhancements. Further, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and CW EPR experiments indicated an inhomogeneous distribution and/or a possibility of a partial aggregation of ToSMTSL-PTE in DMPC:DMPA bilayers when the concentration of the polarizing agent was increased to 20 mol% to maximize the DNP enhancement. Thus, conformational changes and an inhomogeneous distribution of the lipid-based biradicals in lipid bilayers emerged as important factors to consider for further development of this matrix-free approach for DNP of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl B Good
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxim A Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David Bolton
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meaghan E Ward
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Scheffer
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy Lo
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antonin Marek
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Brown
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Bruker Biospin, Billerica, MA, USA.
| | - Vlad Ladizhansky
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Bruker Biospin, Billerica, MA, USA.
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13
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Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Purea A, Reiter C, Bryerton E, Retzloff S, Hesler J, Tometich L, Rosay M. Efficient 263 GHz magic angle spinning DNP at 100 K using solid-state diode sources. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 100:63-69. [PMID: 30965254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of new, high-frequency solid-state diode sources capable of operating at 263 GHz, together with an optimized stator design for improved millimeter-wave coupling to the NMR sample, have enabled low-power DNP experiments at 263 GHz/400 MHz. With 250 mW output power, signal enhancements as high as 120 are achieved on standard samples - approximately 1/3 of the maximal enhancement available with high-power gyrotrons under similar conditions. Diode-based sources have a number of advantages over vacuum tube devices: they emit a pure mode, can be rapidly frequency-swept over a wide range of frequencies, have reproducible output power over this range, and have excellent output stability. By virtue of their small size, low thermal footprint, and lack of facility requirements, solid-state diodes are also considerably cheaper to operate and maintain than high-power vacuum tube devices. In light of these features, and anticipating further improvements in terms of available output power, solid-state diodes are likely to find widespread use in DNP and contribute to further advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA.
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France S.A.S., 34 Rue de l'Industrie, 67160, Wissembourg, France
| | - Armin Purea
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Christian Reiter
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Eric Bryerton
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Steven Retzloff
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hesler
- Virginia Diodes Inc., 979 2(nd) St. SE, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Leo Tometich
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
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14
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Lu M, Wang M, Sergeyev IV, Quinn CM, Struppe J, Rosay M, Maas W, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. 19F Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at Fast Magic Angle Spinning for NMR of HIV-1 Capsid Protein Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5681-5691. [PMID: 30871317 PMCID: PMC6521953 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report remarkably high, up to 100-fold, signal enhancements in 19F dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) magic angle spinning (MAS) spectra at 14.1 T on HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) assemblies. These enhancements correspond to absolute sensitivity ratios of 12-29 and are of similar magnitude to those seen for 1H signals in the same samples. At MAS frequencies above 20 kHz, it was possible to record 2D 19F-13C HETCOR spectra, which contain long-range intra- and intermolecular correlations. Such correlations provide unique distance restraints, inaccessible in conventional experiments without DNP, for protein structure determination. Furthermore, systematic quantification of the DNP enhancements as a function of biradical concentration, MAS frequency, temperature, and microwave power is reported. Our work establishes the power of DNP-enhanced 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy for structural characterization of HIV-1 CA assemblies, and this approach is anticipated to be applicable to a wide range of large biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Angela M. Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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15
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Transue WJ, Yang J, Nava M, Sergeyev IV, Barnum TJ, McCarthy MC, Cummins CC. Synthetic and Spectroscopic Investigations Enabled by Modular Synthesis of Molecular Phosphaalkyne Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17985-17991. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J. Transue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Junyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Timothy J. Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael C. McCarthy
- Harvard−Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Elkins MR, Sergeyev IV, Hong M. Determining Cholesterol Binding to Membrane Proteins by Cholesterol 13C Labeling in Yeast and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15437-15449. [PMID: 30338997 PMCID: PMC6361393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a general strategy for determining the cholesterol-binding site of eukaryotic membrane proteins in native-like lipid membranes by NMR spectroscopy. The strategy combines yeast biosynthetic 13C enrichment of cholesterol with detection of protein-cholesterol 13C-13C cross peaks in 2D correlation NMR spectra under the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) condition. Low-temperature DNP not only allows high-sensitivity detection of weak protein-cholesterol cross peaks in 2D spectra but also immobilizes cholesterol and protein to enable intermolecular distance measurements. We demonstrate this approach on the influenza M2 protein, which utilizes cholesterol to conduct membrane scission in the last step of virus budding and release from the host cell plasma membrane. A 13C-13C double-quantum filter was employed to significantly simplify the 2D 13C-13C correlation spectra and facilitate the identification of protein-cholesterol cross peaks. A number of cross peaks between the M2 transmembrane residues' side chains and the cholesterol sterol group were detected, which complement recently measured protein contacts to the isooctyl tail of cholesterol to define an extended binding interface. These results provide atomic-level evidence of M2-cholesterol interaction to cause membrane curvature and scission, and the approach is generally applicable to other eukaryotic membrane proteins for understanding the influence of cholesterol on membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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17
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Lu M, Sarkar S, Wang M, Kraus J, Fritz M, Quinn CM, Bai S, Holmes ST, Dybowski C, Yap GPA, Struppe J, Sergeyev IV, Maas W, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. 19F Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Fluorosubstituted Tryptophans: Integrating Experiment and Theory for Accurate Determination of Chemical Shift Tensors. J Phys Chem B 2018. [PMID: 29756776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1028b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The 19F chemical shift is a sensitive NMR probe of structure and electronic environment in organic and biological molecules. In this report, we examine chemical shift parameters of 4F-, 5F-, 6F-, and 7F-substituted crystalline tryptophan by magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory. Significant narrowing of the 19F lines was observed under fast MAS conditions, at spinning frequencies above 50 kHz. The parameters characterizing the 19F chemical shift tensor are sensitive to the position of the fluorine in the aromatic ring and, to a lesser extent, the chirality of the molecule. Accurate calculations of 19F magnetic shielding tensors require the PBE0 functional with a 50% admixture of a Hartree-Fock exchange term, as well as taking account of the local crystal symmetry. The methodology developed will be beneficial for 19F-based MAS NMR structural analysis of proteins and protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Sucharita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Jodi Kraus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Matthew Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
- Department of Structural Biology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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18
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Cao W, Wang WD, Xu HS, Sergeyev IV, Struppe J, Wang X, Mentink-Vigier F, Gan Z, Xiao MX, Wang LY, Chen GP, Ding SY, Bai S, Wang W. Exploring Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks: Homogeneous Reticulation of Radicals for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6969-6977. [PMID: 29799739 PMCID: PMC6045815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress has been witnessed in the past decade in the fields of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In this contribution, we bridge these two fields by constructing radical-embedded COFs as promising DNP agents. Via polarization transfer from unpaired electrons to nuclei, DNP realizes significant enhancement of NMR signal intensities. One of the crucial issues in DNP is to screen for suitable radicals to act as efficient polarizing agents, the basic criteria for which are homogeneous distribution and fixed orientation of unpaired electrons. We therefore envisioned that the crystalline and porous structures of COFs, if evenly embedded with radicals, may work as a new "crystalline sponge" for DNP experiments. As a proof of concept, we constructed a series of proxyl-radical-embedded COFs (denoted as PR( x)-COFs) and successfully applied them to achieve substantial DNP enhancement. Benefiting from the bottom-up and multivariate synthetic strategies, proxyl radicals have been covalently reticulated, homogeneously distributed, and rigidly embedded into the crystalline and mesoporous frameworks with adjustable concentration ( x%). Excellent performance of PR( x)-COFs has been observed for DNP 1H, 13C, and 15N solid-state NMR enhancements. This contribution not only realizes the direct construction of radical COFs from radical monomers, but also explores the new application of COFs as DNP polarizing agents. Given that many radical COFs can therefore be rationally designed and facilely constructed with well-defined composition, distribution, and pore size, we expect that our effort will pave the way for utilizing radical COFs as standard polarizing agents in DNP NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Ming-Xing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Guo-Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - San-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300071 , China
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19
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Lu M, Sarkar S, Wang M, Kraus J, Fritz M, Quinn CM, Bai S, Holmes ST, Dybowski C, Yap GPA, Struppe J, Sergeyev IV, Maas W, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. 19F Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Fluorosubstituted Tryptophans: Integrating Experiment and Theory for Accurate Determination of Chemical Shift Tensors. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6148-6155. [PMID: 29756776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 19F chemical shift is a sensitive NMR probe of structure and electronic environment in organic and biological molecules. In this report, we examine chemical shift parameters of 4F-, 5F-, 6F-, and 7F-substituted crystalline tryptophan by magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory. Significant narrowing of the 19F lines was observed under fast MAS conditions, at spinning frequencies above 50 kHz. The parameters characterizing the 19F chemical shift tensor are sensitive to the position of the fluorine in the aromatic ring and, to a lesser extent, the chirality of the molecule. Accurate calculations of 19F magnetic shielding tensors require the PBE0 functional with a 50% admixture of a Hartree-Fock exchange term, as well as taking account of the local crystal symmetry. The methodology developed will be beneficial for 19F-based MAS NMR structural analysis of proteins and protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Sucharita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Jodi Kraus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Matthew Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Werner Maas
- Bruker Biospin Corporation , 15 Fortune Drive , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States.,Department of Structural Biology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
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20
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Li X, Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T, Hook JM. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts: Insights into Structural Defects and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- School of Chemistry The university of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France 34, Rue de l'industrie 67166 Wissembourg Cedex France
| | | | | | - James M. Hook
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
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21
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Li X, Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T, Hook JM. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts: Insights into Structural Defects and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6848-6852. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- School of Chemistry The university of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation 15 Fortune Drive Billerica MA 01821 USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France 34, Rue de l'industrie 67166 Wissembourg Cedex France
| | | | | | - James M. Hook
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia
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22
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Abstract
Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) is a powerful tool for the elucidation of structure and dynamics in biological macromolecules. Over the years, SSNMR spectroscopists have developed an array of techniques enabling the measurement of internuclear correlations, distances, and torsional angles; these have been applied to the study of a number of biological systems that are difficult to study by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR, including key biological targets such as membrane proteins and amyloid fibrils. Applications of SSNMR to other topic areas, including materials science, pharmaceuticals, and small molecules, have also flourished in recent years. These studies, however, have always been hampered by the low inherent sensitivity of SSNMR, requiring large amounts of both sample and time for data collection. By taking advantage of unpaired electrons doped into a sample as a ready source of additional nuclear polarization, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has brought about large improvements in SSNMR sensitivity. These, in turn, have enabled structural studies of previously inaccessible targets, such as large protein complexes, nucleic acids, viral capsids, and membrane proteins in vivo. Herein, we focus on sample preparation strategies and considerations for scientists interested in applying DNP to challenging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Itin
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
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23
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Rogawski R, Sergeyev IV, Zhang Y, Tran TH, Li Y, Tong L, McDermott AE. NMR Signal Quenching from Bound Biradical Affinity Reagents in DNP Samples. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10770-10781. [PMID: 29116793 PMCID: PMC5842680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We characterize the effect of specifically bound biradicals on the NMR spectra of dihydrofolate reductase from E. coli. Dynamic nuclear polarization methods enhance the signal-to-noise of solid state NMR experiments by transferring polarization from unpaired electrons of biradicals to nuclei. There has been recent interest in colocalizing the paramagnetic polarizing agents with the analyte of interest through covalent or noncovalent specific interactions. This experimental approach broadens the scope of dynamic nuclear polarization methods by offering the possibility of selective signal enhancements and the potential to work in a broad range of environments. Paramagnetic compounds can have other effects on the NMR spectroscopy of nearby nuclei, including broadening of nuclear resonances due to the proximity of the paramagnetic agent. Understanding the distance dependence of these interactions is important for the success of the technique. Here we explore paramagnetic signal quenching due to a bound biradical, specifically a biradical-derivatized trimethoprim ligand of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase. Biradical-derivatized trimethoprim has nanomolar affinity for its target, and affords strong and selective signal enhancements in dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. In this work, we show that, although the trimethoprim fragment is well ordered, the biradical (TOTAPOL) moiety is disordered when bound to the protein. The distance dependence in bleaching of NMR signal intensity allows us to detect numerous NMR signals in the protein. We present the possibility that static disorder and electron spin diffusion play roles in this observation, among other contributions. The fact that the majority of signals are observed strengthens the case for the use of high affinity or covalent radicals in dynamic nuclear polarization solid state NMR enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivkah Rogawski
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ivan V. Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yinglu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy H. Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ann E. McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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24
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Elkins MR, Williams JK, Gelenter MD, Dai P, Kwon B, Sergeyev IV, Pentelute BL, Hong M. Cholesterol-binding site of the influenza M2 protein in lipid bilayers from solid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12946-12951. [PMID: 29158386 PMCID: PMC5724280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza M2 protein not only forms a proton channel but also mediates membrane scission in a cholesterol-dependent manner to cause virus budding and release. The atomic interaction of cholesterol with M2, as with most eukaryotic membrane proteins, has long been elusive. We have now determined the cholesterol-binding site of the M2 protein in phospholipid bilayers using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chain-fluorinated cholesterol was used to measure cholesterol proximity to M2 while sterol-deuterated cholesterol was used to measure bound-cholesterol orientation in lipid bilayers. Carbon-fluorine distance measurements show that at a cholesterol concentration of 17 mol%, two cholesterol molecules bind each M2 tetramer. Cholesterol binds the C-terminal transmembrane (TM) residues, near an amphipathic helix, without requiring a cholesterol recognition sequence motif. Deuterium NMR spectra indicate that bound cholesterol is approximately parallel to the bilayer normal, with the rough face of the sterol rings apposed to methyl-rich TM residues. The distance- and orientation-restrained cholesterol-binding site structure shows that cholesterol is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions with the TM helix and polar and aromatic interactions with neighboring amphipathic helices. At the 1:2 binding stoichiometry, lipid 31P spectra show an isotropic peak indicative of high membrane curvature. This M2-cholesterol complex structure, together with previously observed M2 localization at phase boundaries, suggests that cholesterol mediates M2 clustering to the neck of the budding virus to cause the necessary curvature for membrane scission. The solid-state NMR approach developed here is generally applicable for elucidating the structural basis of cholesterol's effects on membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jonathan K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Martin D Gelenter
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Byungsu Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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25
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Ni QZ, Yang F, Can TV, Sergeyev IV, D'Addio SM, Jawla SK, Li Y, Lipert MP, Xu W, Williamson RT, Leone A, Griffin RG, Su Y. In Situ Characterization of Pharmaceutical Formulations by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced MAS NMR. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8132-8141. [PMID: 28762740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A principal advantage of magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy lies in its ability to determine molecular structure in a noninvasive and quantitative manner. Accordingly, MAS should be widely applicable to studies of the structure of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and formulations. However, the low sensitivity encountered in spectroscopy of natural abundance APIs present at low concentration has limited the success of MAS experiments. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances NMR sensitivity and can be used to circumvent this problem provided that suitable paramagnetic polarizing agent can be incorporated into the system without altering the integrity of solid dosages. Here, we demonstrate that DNP polarizing agents can be added in situ during the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) via spray drying and hot-melt extrusion so that ASDs can be examined during drug development. Specifically, the dependence of DNP enhancement on sample composition, radical concentration, relaxation properties of the API and excipients, types of polarizing agents and proton density, has been thoroughly investigated. Optimal enhancement values are obtained from ASDs containing 1% w/w radical concentration. Both polarizing agents TOTAPOL and AMUPol provided reasonable enhancements. Partial deuteration of the excipient produced 3× higher enhancement values. With these parameters, an ASD containing posaconazole and vinyl acetate yields a 32-fold enhancement which presumably results in a reduction of NMR measurement time by ∼1000. This boost in signal intensity enables the full assignment of the natural abundance pharmaceutical formulation through multidimensional correlation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhe Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thach V Can
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Suzanne M D'Addio
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sudheer K Jawla
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongjun Li
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maya P Lipert
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - R Thomas Williamson
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anthony Leone
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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26
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Sergeyev IV, Itin B, Rogawski R, Day LA, McDermott AE. Efficient assignment and NMR analysis of an intact virus using sequential side-chain correlations and DNP sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5171-5176. [PMID: 28461483 PMCID: PMC5441803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701484114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental strategy has been developed to increase the efficiency of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in solid-state NMR studies. The method makes assignments simpler, faster, and more reliable via sequential correlations of both side-chain and Cα resonances. The approach is particularly suited to complex biomolecules and systems with significant chemical-shift degeneracy. It was designed to overcome the spectral congestion and line broadening that occur due to sample freezing at the cryogenic temperatures required for DNP. Nonuniform sampling (NUS) is incorporated to achieve time-efficient collection of multidimensional data. Additionally, fast (25 kHz) magic-angle spinning (MAS) provides optimal sensitivity and resolution. Data collected in <1 wk produced a virtually complete de novo assignment of the coat protein of Pf1 virus. The peak positions and linewidths for samples near 100 K are perturbed relative to those near 273 K. These temperature-induced perturbations are strongly correlated with hydration surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Boris Itin
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027
| | - Rivkah Rogawski
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Loren A Day
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
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27
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Rogawski R, Sergeyev IV, Li Y, Ottaviani MF, Cornish V, McDermott AE. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Signal Enhancement with High-Affinity Biradical Tags. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1169-1175. [PMID: 28099013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization is an emerging technique for sensitizing solid-state NMR experiments by transferring polarization from electrons to nuclei. Stable biradicals, the polarization source for the cross effect mechanism, are typically codissolved at millimolar concentrations with proteins of interest. Here we describe the high-affinity biradical tag TMP-T, created by covalently linking trimethoprim, a nanomolar affinity ligand of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), to the biradical polarizing agent TOTAPOL. With TMP-T bound to DHFR, large enhancements of the protein spectrum are observed, comparable to when TOTAPOL is codissolved with the protein. In contrast to TOTAPOL, the tight binding TMP-T can be added stoichiometrically at radical concentrations orders of magnitude lower than in previously described preparations. Benefits of the reduced radical concentration include reduced spectral bleaching, reduced chemical perturbation of the sample, and the ability to selectively enhance signals for the protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivkah Rogawski
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - M Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino , Loc. Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Virginia Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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28
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Liao SY, Lee M, Wang T, Sergeyev IV, Hong M. Efficient DNP NMR of membrane proteins: sample preparation protocols, sensitivity, and radical location. J Biomol NMR 2016; 64:223-37. [PMID: 26873390 PMCID: PMC4826309 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-016-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has dramatically enhanced solid-state NMR spectral sensitivities of many synthetic materials and some biological macromolecules, recent studies of membrane-protein DNP using exogenously doped paramagnetic radicals as polarizing agents have reported varied and sometimes surprisingly limited enhancement factors. This motivated us to carry out a systematic evaluation of sample preparation protocols for optimizing the sensitivity of DNP NMR spectra of membrane-bound peptides and proteins at cryogenic temperatures of ~110 K. We show that mixing the radical with the membrane by direct titration instead of centrifugation gives a significant boost to DNP enhancement. We quantify the relative sensitivity enhancement between AMUPol and TOTAPOL, two commonly used radicals, and between deuterated and protonated lipid membranes. AMUPol shows ~fourfold higher sensitivity enhancement than TOTAPOL, while deuterated lipid membrane does not give net higher sensitivity for the membrane peptides than protonated membrane. Overall, a ~100 fold enhancement between the microwave-on and microwave-off spectra can be achieved on lipid-rich membranes containing conformationally disordered peptides, and absolute sensitivity gains of 105-160 can be obtained between low-temperature DNP spectra and high-temperature non-DNP spectra. We also measured the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement of lipid signals by TOTAPOL and AMUPol, to determine the depths of these two radicals in the lipid bilayer. Our data indicate a bimodal distribution of both radicals, a surface-bound fraction and a membrane-bound fraction where the nitroxides lie at ~10 Å from the membrane surface. TOTAPOL appears to have a higher membrane-embedded fraction than AMUPol. These results should be useful for membrane-protein solid-state NMR studies under DNP conditions and provide insights into how biradicals interact with phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Y Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Myungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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29
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Abstract
High resolution two- and three-dimensional heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy ((1)H-(13)C, (1)H-(15)N, and (1)H-(13)C-(13)C HETCOR) has provided a detailed characterization of the internal and external hydration water of the Pf1 virion. This long and slender virion (2000 nm × 7 nm) contains highly stretched DNA within a capsid of small protein subunits, each only 46 amino acid residues. HETCOR cross-peaks have been unambiguously assigned to 25 amino acids, including most external residues 1-21 as well as residues 39-40 and 43-46 deep inside the virion. In addition, the deoxyribose rings of the DNA near the virion axis are in contact with water. The sets of cross-peaks to the DNA and to all 25 amino acid residues were from the same hydration water (1)H resonance; some of the assigned residues do not have exchangeable side-chain protons. A mapping of the contacts onto structural models indicates the presence of water "tunnels" through a highly hydrophobic region of the capsid. The present results significantly extend and modify results from a lower resolution study, and yield a comprehensive hydration surface map of Pf1. In addition, the internal water could be distinguished from external hydration water by means of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement. The internal water population may serve as a conveniently localized magnetization reservoir for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Salima Bahri
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Loren A Day
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, 225 Warren St., Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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30
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Sergeyev IV, Day LA, Goldbourt A, McDermott AE. Chemical shifts for the unusual DNA structure in Pf1 bacteriophage from dynamic-nuclear-polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20208-17. [PMID: 21854063 DOI: 10.1021/ja2043062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectra, including dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 400 MHz spectra acquired at 100 K, as well as non-DNP spectra at a variety of field strengths and at temperatures in the range 213-243 K, have allowed the assignment of the (13)C and (15)N resonances of the unusual DNA structure in the Pf1 virion. The (13)C chemical shifts of C3' and C5', considered to be key reporters of deoxyribose conformation, fall near or beyond the edges of their respective ranges in available databases. The (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts of the DNA bases have above-average values for AC4, AC5, CC5, TC2, and TC5, and below average values for AC8, GC8, and GN2, pointing to an absence of Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding, yet the presence of some type of aromatic ring interaction. Crosspeaks between Tyr40 of the coat protein and several DNA atoms suggest that Tyr40 is involved in this ring interaction. In addition, these crosspeak resonances and several deoxyribose resonances are multiply split, presumably through the effects of ordered but differing interactions between capsid protein subunits and each type of nucleotide in each of the two DNA strands. Overall, these observations characterize and support the DNA model proposed by Liu and Day and refined by Tsuboi et al., which calls for the most highly stretched and twisted naturally occurring DNA yet encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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