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Furniss G, Opel A, Hussein A, Pearman C, Grace A, Connelly D, Orlowski A, Banerjee A, McNicholas T, Providencia R, Montañes M, Providencia R, Panagopoulos D, Tomlinson D, Dalrymple-Hay M, Haywood G, Butler A, Ang R, Ullah W, Schwartz R, Fannon M, Finlay M, Hunter R, Schilling R, Das M, Asfour I, Morgan M, Ronayne C, Shaw M, Snowdon R, Gupta D, Todd D, King R, Hall M, Modi S, Mediratta N, Gupta D, Reddy V, Neuzil P, Willems S, Verma A, Heck P, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Hall M, Nicholl B, McQueenie R, Jani BD, McKeag N, Gallacher K, Mair F, Heaton D, Macdonald J, Burnell J, Ryan R, Marshall T, Sutton C, O'Callaghan S, Kenny R, Karim N, Srinivasan N, Ferreira M, Goncalves L, Lambiase P, Toledano M, Field E, Walsh H, Maguire K, Cervi E, Kaski J, Perez Tome M, Pantazis A, Elliott P, Lambiase P, Segal O. ORAL ABSTRACTS (3)EP & Ablation31LEFT ATRIAL POSTERIOR WALL ISOLATION (THE “BOX LESION PATTERN”) IN THE TREATMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE32DAY CASE CRYOBLATION (CRYO) FOR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (pAF) IN THE DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE IF DONE IN HIGH VOLUME WITH EXPERIENCED OPERATORS33ABLATION INDEX-GUIDED PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION MAY IMPROVE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COMPARISON TO CONTACT FORCE-GUIDED ABLATION34THE PROCEDURAL COMPLICATION RATES AND SHORT-TERM SUCCESS RATES OF THORACOSCOPIC AF ABLATION DURING THE INSTITUTIONAL LEARNING CURVE35INITIAL PROCEDURAL RESULTS FROM DDRAMATIC-SVT STUDY: DD MECHANISM IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALISATION USING DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION STRATEGY36MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: UK BIOBANK DATAClinical EP37THE GM AHSN AF LANDSCAPE TOOL: A SHARED PUBLIC DATA PLATFORM TO PROMOTE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS AND IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO PREVENT AF-RELATED STROKE IN THE DEVOLVED GREATER MANCHESTER HEALTH SYSTEM38REAL WORLD PERSISTENCE, ADHERENCE AND SWITCH-OVER ACROSS ANTICOAGULANTS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION-A NATIONAL POPULATION-BASED STUDY39ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION40PREVALENCE OF SHORT QT AND CRITERIA OF SEVERITY IN A YOUNG ASYMPTOMATIC COHORT41SURFACE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND PREVALENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS IN PAEDIATRIC FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA42RISK STRATIFICATION OF TYPE 1 MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY: IS THE ECG ACCURATE ENOUGH TO SELECT PATIENTS AT RISK OF BRADYARRHYTHMIC EVENTS? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mauchline TH, Chedom-Fotso D, Chandra G, Samuels T, Greenaway N, Backhaus A, McMillan V, Canning G, Powers SJ, Hammond-Kosack KE, Hirsch PR, Clark IM, Mehrabi Z, Roworth J, Burnell J, Malone JG. An analysis of Pseudomonas genomic diversity in take-all infected wheat fields reveals the lasting impact of wheat cultivars on the soil microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4764-78. [PMID: 26337499 PMCID: PMC4832304 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the soil microbiota associated with crop plants has huge promise for the control of crop pathogens. However, to fully realize this potential we need a better understanding of the relationship between the soil environment and the genes and phenotypes that enable microbes to colonize plants and contribute to biocontrol. A recent 2 years of investigation into the effect of wheat variety on second year crop yield in the context of take‐all fungal infection presented the opportunity to examine soil microbiomes under closely defined field conditions. Amplicon sequencing of second year soil samples showed that Pseudomonas spp. were particularly affected by the wheat cultivar grown in year one. Consequently, 318 rhizosphere‐associated Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were isolated and characterized across a variety of genetic and phenotypic traits. Again, the wheat variety grown in the first year of the study was shown to exert considerable selective pressure on both the extent and nature of Pseudomonas genomic diversity. Furthermore, multiple significant correlations were identified within the phenotypic/genetic structure of the Pseudomonas population, and between individual genotypes and the external wheat field environment. The approach outlined here has considerable future potential for our understanding of plant–microbe interactions, and for the broader analysis of complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Mauchline
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | | | - G Chandra
- Molecular Microbiology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - T Samuels
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Greenaway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A Backhaus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - V McMillan
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - G Canning
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - S J Powers
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - K E Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - P R Hirsch
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - I M Clark
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Z Mehrabi
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.,Oxford Long-term Ecology and Resource Stewardship Lab, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Roworth
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - J Burnell
- Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - J G Malone
- Molecular Microbiology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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McElhone K, Burnell J, Sutton C, Abbott J, Lanyon P, Rahman A, Yee CS, Akil M, Ahmad Y, Bruce IN, Gordon C, Teh LS. Is the Disease-Specific Lupusqol Sensitive To Changes of Disease Activity In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients After Treatment of A Flare? Value Health 2014; 17:A538. [PMID: 27201724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Abbott
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - P Lanyon
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rahman
- University College London, London, UK
| | - C S Yee
- Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, UK
| | - M Akil
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Y Ahmad
- Betsi Cadwaldr University Health Board, Llandudno, UK
| | - I N Bruce
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Gordon
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L S Teh
- Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK
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Poranki D, Whitener W, Howse S, Mesen T, Howse E, Burnell J, Greengauz-Roberts O, Molnar J, Van Dyke M. Evaluation of skin regeneration after burns in vivo and rescue of cells after thermal stress in vitro following treatment with a keratin biomaterial. J Biomater Appl 2013; 29:26-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213513310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thermal burns typically display an injury pattern dictated by the transfer of the thermal energy into the skin and underlying tissues and creation of three zones of injury represented by a necrotic zone of disrupted cells and tissue, an intermediate zone of injured and dying cells, and a distant zone of stressed cells that will recover with proper treatment. The wound healing capabilities of a keratin biomaterial hydrogel were studied in two pilot studies, one using a chemical burn model in mice and the other a thermal burn model in swine. In both studies, keratin was shown to prevent enlargement of the initial wound area and promote faster wound closure. Interestingly, treating thermally stressed dermal fibroblast in culture demonstrated that soluble keratin was able to maintain cell viability and promote proliferation. Separation of so-called alpha and gamma fractions of the keratin biomaterial had differential effects, with the gamma fraction producing more pronounced cell survival and recovery. These results suggest that the gamma fraction, composed essentially of degraded alpha keratin proteins, may facilitate cell rescue after thermal injury. Treatment of burns with gamma keratin may therefore represent a potential therapy for wounds with an intermediate zone of damaged tissue that has the potential to contribute to spontaneous healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poranki
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - W Whitener
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - S Howse
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - T Mesen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - E Howse
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Burnell
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - O Greengauz-Roberts
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Molnar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Van Dyke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Fitzgerald CL, Tran P, Burnell J, Broghammer JA, Santucci R. Instituting a conservative management protocol for pediatric blunt renal trauma: evaluation of a prospectively maintained patient registry. Int Braz J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - P Tran
- Detroit Medical Center, USA
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Hendy SC, Jasperse M, Burnell J. Effect of patterned slip on micro- and nanofluidic flows. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:016303. [PMID: 16090082 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.016303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider the flow of a Newtonian fluid in a nano- or microchannel with walls that have patterned variations in slip length. We formulate a set of equations to describe the effects on an incompressible Newtonian flow of small variations in slip and solve these equations for slow flows. We test these equations using molecular dynamics simulations of flow between two walls which have patterned variations in wettability. Good qualitative agreement and a reasonable degree of quantitative agreement is found between the theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The results of both analyses show that patterned wettability can be used to induce complex variations in flow. Finally we discuss the implications of our results for the design of microfluidic mixers using slip.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hendy
- Industrial Research Ltd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Hunt PW, Watts RA, Trevaskis B, Llewelyn DJ, Burnell J, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ. Expression and evolution of functionally distinct haemoglobin genes in plants. Plant Mol Biol 2001; 47:677-92. [PMID: 11725952 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012440926982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Haemoglobin genes have been found in a number of plant species, but the number of genes known has been too small to allow effective evolutionary inferences. We present nine new non-symbiotic haemoglobin sequences from a range of plants, including class 1 haemoglobins from cotton, Citrus and tomato, class 2 haemoglobins from cotton, tomato, sugar beet and canola and two haemoglobins from the non-vascular plants, Marchantia polymorpha (a liverwort) and Physcomitrella patens (a moss). Our molecular phylogenetic analysis of all currently known non-symbiotic haemoglobin genes and a selection of symbiotic haemoglobins have confirmed the existence of two distinct classes of haemoglobin genes in the dicots. It is likely that all dicots have both class 1 and class 2 non-symbiotic haemoglobin genes whereas in monocots we have detected only class 1 genes. The symbiotic haemoglobins from legumes and Casuarina are related to the class 2 non-symbiotic haemoglobins, whilst the symbiotic haemoglobin from Parasponia groups with the class 1 non-symbiotic genes. Probably, there have been two independent recruitments of symbiotic haemoglobins. Although the functions of the two non-symbiotic haemoglobins remain unknown, their patterns of expression within plants suggest different functions. We examined the expression in transgenic plants of the two non-symbiotic haemoglobins from Arabidopsis using promoter fusions to a GUS reporter gene. The Arabidopsis GLB1 and GLB2 genes are likely to be functionally distinct. The class 2 haemoglobin gene (GLB2) is expressed in the roots, leaves and inflorescence and can be induced in young plants by cytokinin treatment in contrast to the class 1 gene (GLB1) which is active in germinating seedlings and can be induced by hypoxia and increased sucrose supply, but not by cytokinin treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Cytokinins/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Gossypium/genetics
- Hemoglobins/genetics
- Hemoglobins/physiology
- Isopentenyladenosine
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plants/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Hunt
- CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Abstract
Helper T cell cytokine and antibody responses were investigated in mice after infection with Babesia microti (King strain). Infection of CBA mice with 106 parasitized erythrocytes resulted in the development of a transitory high parasitaemia which peaked 14 days post infection (DPI), and was resolved at 24 DPI. Th1 responses were activated predominately during the acute phase (6-18 DPI) whereas Th2 responses predominated during the recovery phase (14-28 DPI) as detected by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Increased expression of Th1 cytokines was first detected at 6 DPI (IL-2) and 8 DPI (IFN-gamma) and their peak levels were reached at 12 DPI. After the peak levels were reached, they progressively declined and fell to baseline levels (22 DPI). Increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) first appeared at 14 DPI, peaked at 20 DPI and Th2 cytokine levels were elevated till the end of the study (28 DPI). Levels of serum IFN-gamma detected by a sandwich ELISA correlated well with IFN-gamma gene expression and were detectable at 8-18 DPI. IgM against B. microti was first detected in serum by ELISA at 4 DPI, and peaked at 10 DPI. The levels of IgM subsequently declined but remained positive at low titre till the end of study. IgG against B. microti was first detected at 8 DPI and peak levels were reached at 24 DPI and remained at that level until the end of study. The results of the present study show that Th1 cytokines predominated in the early inflammatory response and might be involved in control of levels of acute parasitaemia whereas the Th2-associated responses, including expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and the production of parasite-specific IgG, might be the functional means for the reduction and clearance of the parasite from the body. It was concluded that an effective vaccine against Babesia spp. should be designed to induce Th1 responses to maintain the parasitaemia at unfulminating levels and also maintain Th2 responses to clear the parasite from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- School of Biomedical and Molecular Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Chen D, Copeman DB, Hutchinson GW, Burnell J. Inhibition of growth of cultured Babesia microti by serum and macrophages in the presence or absence of T cells. Parasitol Int 2000; 48:223-31. [PMID: 11227762 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(99)00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Serum and macrophages from the acute-phase (days 12-14 p.i.) and recovery-phase (days 23-25 p.i.) of infection of mice with Babesia microti were analyzed for their ability to inhibit the in vitro growth of B. microti in the presence or absence of T cells. Recovery-phase serum was inhibitory to the growth of B. microti, whereas, acute-phase serum had no inhibitory effects. Both acute- and recovery-phase macrophages inhibited B. microti growth. The co-culture of acute- but not recovery-phase T cells with macrophages from uninfected control mice was inhibitory to the growth of B. microti. Growth of B. microti was also inhibited in cultures containing macrophages from uninfected control mice plus culture supernatant fluid from acute-phase but not recovery-phase T cells. The supernatant fluid from B. microti cultures with acute-phase T cells contained IFN-gamma detected by a sandwich ELISA, whereas cultures with control T cells or recovery phase T cells did not. Results of the present study suggest the likelihood of a protective role against B. microti in mice for antibody which appeared in recovery-phase serum and for macrophages activated by IFN-gamma from acute-phase T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- School of Biomedical and Molecular Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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Abstract
We have isolated and characterised a cDNA clone encoding the cytosolic form of carbonic anhydrase in the leaves of Flaveria bidentis, a C4 dicotyledonous plant. The deduced amino acid sequence is similar to the carbonic anhydrase found in the chloroplasts of C3 dicotyledonous plants. Western blot analysis of crude leaf extracts of F. bidentis indicates that the leader sequence (equivalent to the transit peptide of the chloroplastic form of CA found in C3 plants) is not removed following translation of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cavallaro
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
To examine the long-term effects of fluoride therapy in osteoporosis, we obtained iliac crest biopsies from 11 osteoporotic patients 6 to 12 years after they had started fluoride therapy. Although basal biopsies were not obtained, nine subjects had been biopsied 4 years prior to the second biopsy. In addition, 4 subjects had stopped fluoride therapy prior to the second biopsy. Biopsy samples were divided and analyzed: (a) histomorphometrically for bone formation and mineralization; and (b) for mineral content. Parameters of bone formation were increased in the first biopsy of all patients; they remained elevated in the second biopsy of subjects still receiving fluoride, but decreased to normal values in subjects who stopped fluoride therapy. Parameters of mineralization (i.e., osteoid width and osteocytic osteoid) were elevated in the first biopsy, but had decreased in the second biopsy whether fluoride was stopped or not. There was no woven bone in these biopsies. Bone mineral content, whether measured as density or by summation of the individual ions (% mineral), was higher than normal in all subjects, whether or not they were still receiving fluoride. These results suggest that prolonged fluoride therapy of osteoporosis continues to stimulate bone formation, but does not cause a progressive mineralization defect. Mineral content is acutely increased following fluoride therapy, and persists after therapy is discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lundy
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA
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Pootrakul P, Hungsprenges S, Fucharoen S, Baylink D, Thompson E, English E, Lee M, Burnell J, Finch C. Relation between erythropoiesis and bone metabolism in thalassemia. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:1470-3. [PMID: 7231478 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198106113042406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Burns BG, Gilgan MW, Logan VH, Burnell J, Apsimon JW. Estimation of a steroid released from the crude saponins of the starfish, Asterias vulgaris, by solvolysis: seasonal and geographic abundance. Anal Biochem 1977; 81:196-208. [PMID: 900478 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Edmonds RH, Beeler DA, Treble DH, Kyriakides EC, Burnell J, Balint JA. Morphological alterations in type II alveolar cells in essential fatty acid deficiency. Exp Mol Pathol 1975; 23:276-83. [PMID: 1183541 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(75)90024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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