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Oyebade AO, Lee S, Sultana H, Arriola K, Duvalsaint E, Nino De Guzman C, Fernandez Marenchino I, Marroquin Pacheco L, Amaro F, Ghedin Ghizzi L, Mu L, Guan H, Almeida KV, Rajo Andrade B, Zhao J, Tian P, Cheng C, Jiang Y, Driver J, Queiroz O, Ferraretto LF, Ogunade IM, Adesogan AT, Vyas D. Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on performance and immune parameters of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8611-8626. [PMID: 37641244 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of supplementing bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) on performance, apparent total-tract digestibility, rumen fermentation, and immune parameters of lactating dairy cows. One hundred fourteen multiparous Holstein cows (41 ± 7 DIM) were used in a randomized complete block design with an experiment comprising 14 d of a covariate (pre-experimental sample and data collection) and 91 d of an experimental period. Cows were blocked based on energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield during the covariate period and the following treatments were randomly assigned within each block: (1) control (CON), corn silage-based total mixed ration without DFM; (2) PRO-A, basal diet top-dressed with a mixture of Lactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii at 3 × 109 cfu/d; and 3) PRO-B, basal diet top-dressed with a mixture of L. animalis, P. freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis at 11.8 × 109 cfu/d. Milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), and body weight were measured daily, while milk samples for component analysis were taken on 2 consecutive days of each week of data collection. Feces, urine, rumen, and blood samples were taken during the covariate period, wk 4, 7, 10, and 13 for estimation of digestibility, N-partitioning, rumen fermentation, plasma nutrient status and immune parameters. Treatments had no effect on DMI and milk yield. Fat-corrected milk (3.5% FCM) and milk fat yield were improved with PRO-B, while milk fat percent and feed efficiency (ECM/DMI) tended to increase with PRO-B compared with PRO-A and CON. Crude fat digestibility was greater with PRO-B compared with CON. Feeding CON and PRO-A resulted in higher total volatile fatty acid concentration relative to PRO-B. Percentage of neutrophils tended to be reduced with PRO-A compared with CON and PRO-B. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of anti-CD44 antibody on granulocytes tended to be higher in PRO-B compared with CON. The MFI of anti-CD62L antibody on CD8+ T cells was lower in PRO-A than PRO-B, with PRO-A also showing a tendency to be lower than CON. This study indicates the potential of DFM to improve fat digestibility with consequential improvement in fat corrected milk yield, feed efficiency and milk fat yield by lactating dairy cows. The study findings also indicate that dietary supplementation with DFM may augment immune parameters or activation of immune cells, including granulocytes and T cells; however, the overall effects on immune parameters are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Oyebade
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - S Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - H Sultana
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - K Arriola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - E Duvalsaint
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - C Nino De Guzman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - I Fernandez Marenchino
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - L Marroquin Pacheco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - F Amaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - L Ghedin Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - L Mu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - H Guan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - K V Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - B Rajo Andrade
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - P Tian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - C Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Communities, and the Environment, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601
| | - Y Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Communities, and the Environment, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY 40601
| | - J Driver
- MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - O Queiroz
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, B⊘ge Allé 10-12, DK-2970 H⊘rsholm, Denmark
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - I M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - A T Adesogan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - D Vyas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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Fan P, Bian B, Teng L, Nelson CD, Driver J, Elzo MA, Jeong KC. Host genetic effects upon the early gut microbiota in a bovine model with graduated spectrum of genetic variation. ISME J 2020; 14:302-317. [PMID: 31624342 PMCID: PMC6908690 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple synergistic factors affect the development and composition of mammalian gut microbiota, but effects of host genetics remain unclear. To illuminate the role of host genetics on gut microbiota, we employed animals with a graduated spectrum of genetic variation with minimal environmental influences. We bred 228 calves with linearly varying breed composition from 100% Angus (Bos taurus) to 100% Brahman (Bos indicus), as a proxy for genetic variation, and then raised the offspring in the same environment with identical diets. We hypothesized each breed would harbor distinct gut microbiota due to genetic influence. We found that the gut microbiota of preweaning calves at 3 months old is significantly affected by host genetics, profoundly by paternal genome. We also demonstrate that single nucleotide polymorphisms in host mucin-encoding genes, critical for gut mucosal health, are significantly correlated with both breed composition and mucin-degrading gut bacteria. We further demonstrate host genetics indirectly changes gut microbiota composition via microbe-microbe interactions. These findings indicate a strong contribution by host genetics in shaping the gut microbiota during early life stages, shedding light on impact of animal breeding on gut microbiota, which is associated with animal growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Fan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beilei Bian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lin Teng
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Orkaby A, Yang L, Dufour A, Travison T, Sesso H, Gaziano J, Driver J, Djousse L. LONG-TERM ASPIRIN USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER PREVALENCE OF FRAILTY IN MEN: THE PHYSICIANS’ HEALTH STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Orkaby
- GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System
| | - L Yang
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School
| | - A Dufour
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School
| | - T Travison
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School
| | | | - J Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - J Driver
- GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Djousse
- Div. of Aging, Dept. of Medicine, BWH
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DuMontier C, Murillo A, Liu M, Hshieh T, Soiffer R, Stone R, Abel G, Driver J. THE ASSOCIATION OF FUNCTION, MOOD, AND LONELINESS WITH SURVIVAL IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C DuMontier
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - M Liu
- University of Arizona College of Medicine
| | - T Hshieh
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - R Soiffer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - R Stone
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - G Abel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - J Driver
- GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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Ward R, Orkaby A, Hshieh T, Driver J, Gaziano J, Djousse L. DIET QUALITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH FRAILTY IN THE PHYSICIAN’S HEALTH STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Ward
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - T Hshieh
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - J Driver
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School
| | - J Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)
| | - L Djousse
- Div. of Aging, Dept. of Medicine, BWH
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Belli AL, Reis RB, Veronese A, Moreira R, Flanagan K, Driver J, Nelson CD, Clapper JA, Ballou MA, Jeong KC, Chebel RC. Effects of treatment of preweaning dairy calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin on immune responses and somatotropic axis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6602-6615. [PMID: 29655555 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Weaning may be associated with negative energy balance and body weight loss when calves are still immunologically immature, predisposing them to infectious diseases. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of treatment of preweaning dairy calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the somatotropic axis, selected immune parameters, and hematology of calves around weaning. Thirty-six Holstein female calves were randomly assigned to receive 1.5 to 1.8 mg of rbST (Posilac, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) per kilogram of body weight or to receive injections of saline (saline solution 0.9%, Valley Vet Supply, Marysville, KS) every 7 d from 21 to 63 d of life. Calves were fed milk replacer ad libitum from birth to 38 d of age (d -11), when progressive weaning started, and calves were weaned at 49 d of age (d 0). Calves were weighed at birth and weekly from 21 to 63 d of age, when wither height also was measured. Calves were vaccinated with 0.5 mg of ovalbumin on study d -28 and -7. Blood samples were collected on d -28, -25, -21, -11, 0, 3, 7, and 14. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated and challenged ex vivo with Escherichia coli to determine phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity. Additionally, expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)62L and CD18 by granulocyte, lymphocyte, and CD14+ monocyte were determined. Blood samples were also used to determine hematological parameters and concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, glucose, fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, and anti-ovalbumin IgG. Calves treated with rbST had greater concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 from d -25 to 14 than control calves, whereas insulin, fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not differ. On d -11, glucose concentration was greater for rbST-treated calves. Treatment did not affect polymorphonuclear lymphocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst, but intensity of expression of CD62L and CD18 by granulocytes tended to be increased by rbST treatment. Treatment did not affect the concentration of anti-ovalbumin IgG in serum. Haptoglobin concentration was reduced in rbST treated calves on d 3 and we noted a tendency for hematocrit to be lower in rbST-treated calves. Treatment did not affect body weight, wither height, and average daily gain, despite the fact that rbST-treated calves had lower daily milk replacer intake. The relatively minor improvements in immune responses resulting from rbST treatment of weaning calves may not be sufficient to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Belli
- Department of Animal Science, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 567; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - R B Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 567
| | - A Veronese
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - R Moreira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - K Flanagan
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - J Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - J A Clapper
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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Jacob M, Ni P, Leritz E, Driver J, Leveille S, Jette A, Bean J. MULTI-MORBIDITY PATTERNS AND DISABLEMENT SEVERITY AMONG MOBILITY LIMITED OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.E. Jacob
- Health and Disability Research Institute, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts,
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts,
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - P. Ni
- Health and Disability Research Institute, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts,
| | - E. Leritz
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts,
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - J. Driver
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts,
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - S.G. Leveille
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A.M. Jette
- Health and Disability Research Institute, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts,
| | - J.F. Bean
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts,
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
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Weber CE, Kothari AN, Wai PY, Li NY, Driver J, Zapf MAC, Franzen CA, Gupta GN, Osipo C, Zlobin A, Syn WK, Zhang J, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Osteopontin mediates an MZF1-TGF-β1-dependent transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4821-33. [PMID: 25531323 PMCID: PMC4476970 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TMEN) significantly influence cancer growth and metastasis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to be a critical mediator of the CAF phenotype, and osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumors is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcomes. The potential link between these two pathways has not been previously addressed. Utilizing in vitro studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MDA-MB231 (OPN+) and MCF7 (OPN−) human breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that OPN induces integrin-dependent MSC expression of TGF-β1 to mediate adoption of the CAF phenotype. This OPN-TGF-β1 pathway requires the transcription factor, myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1). In vivo studies with xenotransplant models in NOD-scid mice showed that OPN expression increases cancer growth and metastasis by mediating MSC-to-CAF transformation in a process that is MZF1- and TGF-β1-dependent. We conclude that tumor-derived OPN engenders MSC-to-CAF transformation in the microenvironment to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the OPN-MZF1-TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Weber
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P Y Wai
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - N Y Li
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - M A C Zapf
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C A Franzen
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - G N Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C Osipo
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Zlobin
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - W K Syn
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, London, UK
| | - J Zhang
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Driver J, Mi Z, Callaci J, Mascarenhas J, Franzen C, Gupta G, Wai P, Zhang J, Kuo P. Alcohol Inhibits Osteopontin Induced Expression of TGF-β1 in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Fracture Healing in Intoxicated Patients. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Preusser S, Thiel S, Rook C, Blankenburg F, Driver J, Villringer A, Pleger B. Die Rolle des sekundär somatosensorischen Kortex in der Berührungsempfindung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Driver J, Ross J, Pandian M, Assaf N, Osimitz T, Holden L. Evaluation of predictive algorithms used for estimating potential postapplication, nondietary ingestion exposures to pesticides associated with children's hand-to-mouth behavior. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013; 76:556-586. [PMID: 23751001 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.785347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Postapplication exposure assessment related to indoor residential application of pesticide products requires consideration of product use information, application methods, chemical-specific deposition, time-dependent availability and transferability of surface residues, reentry time, and temporal location and macro- and microactivity/behavior patterns ( Baker et al., 2000 ). Children's mouthing behavior results in potential postapplication exposure to available pesticides in treated microenvironments through the nondietary ingestion route, in addition to the dermal or inhalation routes. Children's activities and associated behaviors may result in multiple or repeat contact of dermal areas (clothed and unclothed body areas and hands) with treated surfaces, or surfaces that may have indirect sources of residues. Further, some surfaces contacted may have transferable pesticide residues and others may not. Transfer of residues from the indoor residential environment to the dermal surface (e.g., hands) of an individual has been assumed to be linear as a function of time and number of contacts. However, studies suggest that this transfer process to the hands and other body areas may be rapidly saturable. In the most recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) "Residential Exposure Assessment Standard Operating Procedures" (U.S. EPA, 2012), the input variable for the number of dermal contacts (with treated surfaces) is an exponent, making the relationship nonlinear. Further, removal processes such as hand washing and transfer to untreated surfaces are important to consider. Predictive algorithms for estimating children's hand-to-mouth-related incidental ingestion exposures post pesticide application have been developed by the EPA/OPP and incorporated into probabilistic models. A review of literature addressing variables used to estimate potential incidental ingestion exposure is presented. Data relevant to input variables for predictive algorithms are discussed, including the results of a multiyear, pesticide transferable residue measurement program conducted by the Non-Dietary Exposure Task Force (NDETF) and the associated distributional characterization for this key variable. Sources of conservative bias in current hand-to-mouth, incidental ingestion exposure estimation and the role of biomonitoring to evaluate predicted exposures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Driver
- infoscientific.com, Inc., & risksciences.net, LLC, Manassas, Virginia 20111, USA.
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Machizawa M, Goh C, Driver J, Husain M. Hemispheric differences in visual working memory maintenance indexed by contralateral delay activity. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Brooks J, Gilaie-Dotan S, Rees G, Bentin S, Driver J. Preserved local but disrupted contextual figure-ground influences in a patient with abnormal function of intermediate visual areas. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Feredoes E, Heinen K, Driver J. Causal evidence for the role of prefrontal cortex in the control of sub- and suprathreshold distracters. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Urgen BA, Hagler DJ, Driver J, Saygin AP. Top-Down And Bottom-Up Modulation Of Retinotopic Activity In Temporal And Parietal Cortex. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Machizawa M, Goh C, Driver J. Contralateral delay activity duiring visual working memory reveals not only number but also precision of maintained representations. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Saygin AP, Chaminade T, Urgen BA, Ishuguro H, Driver J, Frith C. The Perception of Body Movements: The Role of Biological Motion and Form. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Weil R, Furl N, Ruff C, Seymour B, Flandin G, Dolan R, Driver J, Rees G. Reward facilitates hemodynamic responses in higher visual areas. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Machizawa M, Kanai R, Rees G, Driver J. Cortical anatomy relates to individual differences in dissociable aspects of attention and visual working memory capacity. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Kristjansson A, Sigurjonsdottir O, Driver J. "Reversals of fortune" in visual search: Fast modulatory effects of financial reward upon visual search performance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Weil RS, Furl N, Ruff CC, Symmonds M, Flandin G, Dolan RJ, Driver J, Rees G. Rewarding feedback after correct visual discriminations has both general and specific influences on visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:1746-57. [PMID: 20660419 PMCID: PMC2944687 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00870.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward can influence visual performance, but the neural basis of this effect remains poorly understood. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how rewarding feedback affected activity in distinct areas of human visual cortex, separating rewarding feedback events after correct performance from preceding visual events. Participants discriminated oriented gratings in either hemifield, receiving auditory feedback at trial end that signaled financial reward after correct performance. Greater rewards improved performance for all but the most difficult trials. Rewarding feedback increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. It also increased BOLD signals in visual areas beyond retinotopic cortex, but not in primary visual cortex representing the judged stimuli. These modulations were seen at a time point in which no visual stimuli were presented or expected, demonstrating a novel type of activity change in visual cortex that cannot reflect modulation of response to incoming or anticipated visual stimuli. Rewarded trials led on the next trial to improved performance and enhanced visual activity contralateral to the judged stimulus, for retinotopic representations of the judged visual stimuli in V1. Our findings distinguish general effects in nonretinotopic visual cortex when receiving rewarding feedback after correct performance from consequences of reward for spatially specific responses in V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Weil
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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23
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Brooks J, Driver J. Putting figure-ground organization and perceptual grouping in context. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Kristjansson A, Ruff CC, Driver J. Readout from iconic memory involves similar neural processes as selective spatial attention. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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25
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Garrido L, Furl N, Tavashmi R, Driver J, Dolan R, Duchaine B. Structural differences in developmental prosopagnosia. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Geng JJ, Ruff CC, Driver J. Saccade-related direction-selective activation in visual cortex. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Sylvester R, Haynes JD, Driver J, Rees G. Asymmetric responses to temporal versus nasal hemifield stimulation in the human superior colliculus. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Freeman ED, Driver J. Selection of specific subjective states via contextual disambiguation in structure-from-motion. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Kristjansson A, Ruff C, Driver J. Commonalities and differences between attentional cueing and iconic memory. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Ruff CC, Blankenburg F, Bjoertomt O, Bestmann S, Haynes JD, Rees G, Josephs O, Deichmann R, Driver J. Occipital activations and deactivations induced by stimulation of the right human frontal eye field. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Freeman ED, Driver J, Sagi D. Attentional modulation of target-flanker lateral interactions persists with increasing flanker contrast. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Bentley P, Driver J, Dolan R. Modulation of fusiform cortex activity by cholinesterase inhibition predicts effects on subsequent memory. Brain 2009; 132:2356-71. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Pleger B, Ruff CC, Blankenburg F, Kloppel S, Driver J, Dolan RJ. Dopaminergic reward influences on somatosensory decision making. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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34
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Eshel N, Ruff CC, Blankenburg F, Driver J. Parietal TMS reveals excitatory interhemispheric interactions during somatosensory processing. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Fairhall SL, Indovina I, Driver J, Macaluso E. The Brain Network Underlying Serial Visual Search: Comparing Overt and Covert Spatial Orienting, for Activations and for Effective Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2946-58. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Pleger B, Blankenburg F, Ruff C, Driver J, Dolan R. Reward facilitates tactile judgments and modulates hemodynamic responses in human primary somatosensory cortex. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Maravita A, Posteraro L, Husain M, Vuilleumier P, Schwartz S, Driver J. Looking at human eyes affects contralesional stimulus processing after right hemispheric stroke. Neurology 2007; 69:1619-21. [PMID: 17938372 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277696.34724.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human eyes are a powerful social cue that may automatically attract the attention of an observer. Here we tested whether looking toward open human eyes, as often arises in standard clinical "confrontation" tests, may affect contralesional errors in a group of right brain-damaged patients showing visual extinction. Patients were requested to discriminate peripheral shape-targets presented on the left, right, or bilaterally. On each trial they also saw a central task-irrelevant stimulus, comprising an image of the eye sector of a human face, with those seen eyes open or closed. The conditions with central eye stimuli open (vs closed) induced more errors for contralesional peripheral targets, particularly for bilateral trials. These results suggest that seeing open eyes in central vision may attract attentional resources there, reducing attention to the periphery, particularly for the affected contralesional side. The seen gaze of the examiner may thus need to be considered during confrontation testing and may contribute to the effectiveness of that clinical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maravita
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Milano-Bicocca, Via dell'Innovazione, 10, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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38
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Leiter EH, Reifsnyder P, Driver J, Kamdar S, Choisy-Rossi C, Serreze DV, Hara M, Chervonsky A. Unexpected functional consequences of xenogeneic transgene expression in beta-cells of NOD mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9 Suppl 2:14-22. [PMID: 17919174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe unexpected alterations in the non-obese diabetic (NOD/Lt) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) following forced beta-cell expression of non-mammalian genes ligated to an insulin promoter sequence. These include the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP), useful for beta-cell identification, and the bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase, necessary for beta cell-specific ablation of a gene using a Cre-loxP system. Homozygous expression of GFP, driven by the mouse insulin 1 gene promoter (MIP-GFP) in a single transgenic line of NOD mice, produced T1D in postnatal mice that was not associated with insulitis, but rather beta cell-depleted islets. Hemizygous transgene expression suppressed spontaneous autoimmune T1D in females, and produced a male glucose intolerance syndrome associated with age-dependent declines in plasma insulin content. Among lines of transgenic NOD/Lt mice expressing Cre recombinase driven by the rat insulin 2 promoter (RIP-Cre), high, non-mosaic expression correlated with suppressed T1D development. These findings emphasize the need for careful characterization of genetically manipulated NOD mouse stocks to insure that model characteristics have not been compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Leiter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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39
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Macaluso E, Frith CD, Driver J. Delay Activity and Sensory-Motor Translation During Planned Eye or Hand Movements to Visual or Tactile Targets. J Neurophysiol 2007; 98:3081-94. [PMID: 17898151 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00192.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To perform eye or hand movements toward a relevant location, the brain must translate sensory input into motor output. Recent studies revealed segregation between circuits for translating visual information into saccadic or manual movements, but less is known about translation of tactile information into such movements. Using human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a delay paradigm, we factorially crossed sensory modality (vision or touch) and motor effector (eyes or hands) for lateralized movements (gaze shifts to left or right or pressing a left or right button with the corresponding left or right hand located there). We investigated activity in the delay-period between stimulation and response, asking whether the currently relevant side (left or right) during the delay was encoded according to sensory modality, upcoming motor response, or some interactive combination of these. Delay activity mainly reflected the motor response subsequently required. Irrespective of visual or tactile input, we found sustained activity in posterior partial cortex, frontal-eye field, and contralateral visual cortex when subjects would later make an eye movement. For delays prior to manual button-press response, activity increased in contralateral precentral regions, again regardless of stimulated modality. Posterior superior temporal sulcus showed sustained delay activity, irrespective of sensory modality, side, and response type. We conclude that the delay activations reflect translation of sensory signals into effector-specific motor circuits in parietal and frontal cortex (plus an impact on contralateral visual cortex for planned saccades), regardless of cue modality, whereas posterior STS provides a representation that generalizes across both sensory modality and motor effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Macaluso
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306-00179 Roma, Italy.
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40
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Siebert U, Driver J, Rosenberger T, Atkinson S. Reversible reproductive control in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Theriogenology 2007; 67:605-8. [PMID: 17109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive control in captive pinnipeds is an important management subject for many facilities. To date reproductive control in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) has been achieved using anti-androgens, progestagen preparations, castration, and physical separation of the sexes. The harbour seal group at the seal station in Friedrichskoog, Germany consists of three mature females (all >10 years), one older mature male (13 years of age in 2000) and one male who reached maturity during the study (3 years of age in 2000). In 2000 the older mature male received for the first time a 3-month depot injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (buserelin acetetate, 9.9 mg) by subcutaneous injection. This male was subsequently given the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in 2001, 2004 and 2005. The younger male reached maturity during the investigation and received burserelin for the first time in 2004 and again in 2005. No pups were born in 2001, 2002, 2005 or 2006. No reproductive control was performed in 2002 and 2003, resulting in three newborns in 2003 and 2004. Serum levels of testosterone were measured by a routine liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectometry. Pre-burserelin testosterone levels varied between 0.02 and 2.18 ng/ml. Post-burserelin levels were under the detection limit except for the first year of the investigation. No behavioural changes such as changes in social ranking and no clinical side effects were observed. This study shows that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, burserelin acetate, can be used for reversible reproductive control in harbour seals without observed side effects or detrimental behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Siebert
- Research and Technology Center Westcoast, University of Kiel, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
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41
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Abstract
Prior knowledge regarding the possible identity of an object facilitates its recognition from a degraded visual input, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous work implicated ventral visual cortex but did not disambiguate whether activity-changes in these regions are causal to or merely reflect an effect of facilitated recognition. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study top-down influences on processing of gradually revealed objects, by preceding each object with a name that was congruent or incongruent with the object. Congruently primed objects were recognized earlier than incongruently primed, and this was paralleled by shifts in activation profiles for ventral visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. Prior to recognition, defined on a trial-by-trial basis, activity in ventral visual cortex rose gradually but equivalently for congruently and incongruently primed objects. In contrast, prerecognition activity was greater with congruent priming in lateral parietal, retrosplenial, and lateral prefrontal cortices, whereas functional coupling between parietal and ventral visual (and also left lateral prefrontal and parietal) cortices was enhanced in the same context. Thus, when controlling for recognition point and stimulus information, activity in ventral visual cortex mirrors recognition success, independent of condition. Facilitation by top-down cues involves lateral parietal cortex interacting with ventral visual areas, potentially explaining why parietal lesions can lead to deficits in recognizing degraded objects even in the context of top-down knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eger
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience & Department of Psychology, University College London, UK.
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42
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Rosenheck L, Pandian M, Driver J. The Use of a Diary-based 12-Month Consumer Pesticide Use Survey in Evaluating US Residential Pesticide Use Patterns With Respect to Permethrin. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Bestmann S, Oliviero A, Voss M, Dechent P, Lopez-Dolado E, Driver J, Baudewig J. Cortical correlates of TMS-induced phantom hand movements revealed with concurrent TMS-fMRI. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44:2959-71. [PMID: 16889805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied an amputee patient who experiences a conscious sense of movement (SoM) in her phantom hand, without significant activity in remaining muscles, when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied at appropriate intensity over the corresponding sector of contralateral motor cortex. We used the novel methodological combination of TMS during fMRI to reveal the neural correlates of her phantom SoM. A critical contrast concerned trials at intermediate TMS intensities: low enough not to produce overt activity in remaining muscles; but high enough to produce a phantom SoM on approximately half such trials. Comparing trials with versus without a phantom SoM reported phenomenally, for the same intermediate TMS intensities, factored out any non-specific TMS effects on brain activity to reveal neural correlates of the phantom SoM itself. Areas activated included primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, anterior intraparietal sulcus, and caudal supplementary motor area, regions that are also involved in some hand movement illusions and motor imagery in normals. This adds support to proposals that a conscious sense of movement for the hand can be conveyed by activity within corresponding motor-related cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bestmann
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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44
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Geng JJ, Driver J. Competition between stimuli in opposite visual fields. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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45
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Macaluso E, Frith CD, Driver J. Multisensory stimulation with or without saccades: fMRI evidence for crossmodal effects on sensory-specific cortices that reflect multisensory location-congruence rather than task-relevance. Neuroimage 2005; 26:414-25. [PMID: 15907299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During covert attention to peripheral visual targets, presenting a concurrent tactile stimulus at the same location as a visual target can boost neural responses to it, even in sensory-specific occipital areas. Here, we examined any such crossmodal spatial-congruence effects in the context of overt spatial orienting, when saccadic eye-movements were directed to each peripheral target or central fixation maintained. In addition, we tested whether crossmodal spatial-congruence effects depend on the task-relevance of visual or tactile stimuli. On each trial, subjects received spatially congruent (same location) or incongruent (opposite hemifields) visuo-tactile stimulation. In different blocks, they made saccades either to the location of each visual stimulus, or to the location of each tactile stimulus; or else passively received the multisensory stimulation. Activity in visual extrastriate areas and in somatosensory parietal operculum was modulated by spatial congruence of the multisensory stimulation, with stronger activations when concurrent visual and tactile stimuli were both delivered at the same contralateral location. Critically, lateral occipital cortex and parietal operculum showed such crossmodal spatial effects irrespective of which modality was task relevant; and also of whether the stimuli were used to guide eye-movements or were just passively received. These results reveal crossmodal spatial-congruence effects upon visual and somatosensory sensory-specific areas that are relatively 'automatic', determined by the spatial relation of multisensory input rather than by its task-relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Macaluso
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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46
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Macaluso E, Driver J, van Velzen J, Eimer M. Influence of gaze direction on crossmodal modulation of visual ERPS by endogenous tactile spatial attention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 23:406-17. [PMID: 15820647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the spatial direction of endogenous covert spatial attention in one sensory modality can crossmodally influence early processing of stimuli in a different modality. However, spatial locations are initially coded according to different frames of reference for different modalities (e.g., body-centered for touch versus retinocentric vision) and postural changes (e.g., gaze shifts) will realign these. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how the direction of endogenous tactile attention affects sensory-specific visual ERP components. Critically, by manipulating direction of gaze, we were able to test whether any crossmodal effects depend on visual and tactile projections to a common hemisphere, on common locations in external space, or on some combination of the two. We found that both P1 and N1 visual components were modulated according to the direction of endogenous tactile attention. While the P1 crossmodal effect followed purely hemispheric constraints, the attentional modulation of N1 appeared to combine both anatomical and external spatial constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Macaluso
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306-00179, Rome, Italy.
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47
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Wojciulik E, Rorden C, Clarke K, Husain M, Driver J. Group study of an "undercover" test for visuospatial neglect: invisible cancellation can reveal more neglect than standard cancellation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1356-8. [PMID: 15314135 PMCID: PMC1739211 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Visual neglect is a relatively common deficit after brain damage, particularly strokes. Cancellation tests provide standard clinical measures of neglect severity and deficits in daily life. A recent single-case study introduced a new variation on standard cancellation. Instead of making a visible mark on each target found, the patient made invisible marks (recorded with carbon paper underneath, for later scoring). Such invisible cancellation was found to reveal more neglect than cancellation with visible marks. Here we test the generality of this. Twenty three successive cases with suspected neglect each performed cancellation with visible or invisible marks. Neglect of contralesional targets was more pronounced with invisible marks. Indeed, about half of the patients only showed neglect in this version. For cases showing more neglect with invisible marks, stronger neglect of contralesional targets correlated with more revisits to ipsilesional targets for making additional invisible marks upon them. These results indicate that cancellation with invisible marks can reveal more neglect than standard cancellation with visible marks, while still providing a practical bedside test. Our observations may be consistent with recent proposals that demands on spatial working memory (required to keep track of previously found items only when marked invisibly) can exacerbate spatial neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wojciulik
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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48
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Haynes JD, Driver J, Rees G. Human cortical activations related to visual metacontrast masking. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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49
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Ruff CC, Driver J. Attentional preparation for stimulus competition: Psychophysical and fMRI evidence. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Functional imaging studies of priming-related repetition phenomena have become widely used to study neural object representation. Although blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) repetition decreases can sometimes be observed without awareness of repetition, any role for spatial attention in BOLD repetition effects remains largely unknown. We used fMRI in 13 healthy subjects to test whether BOLD repetition decreases for repeated objects in ventral visual cortices depend on allocation of spatial attention to the prime. Subjects performed a size-judgment task on a probe object that had been attended or ignored in a preceding prime display of 2 lateralized objects. Reaction times showed faster responses when the probe was the same object as the attended prime, independent of the view tested (identical vs. mirror image). No behavioral effect was evident from unattended primes. BOLD repetition decreases for attended primes were found in lateral occipital and fusiform regions bilaterally, which generalized across identical and mirror-image repeats. No repetition decreases were observed for ignored primes. Our results suggest a critical role for attention in achieving visual representations of objects that lead to both BOLD signal decreases and behavioral priming on repeated presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eger
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
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