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Al Asoom L, Alassaf MA, AlSulaiman NS, Boumarah DN, Almubireek AM, Alkaltham GK, Alhawaj HA, Alkhamis T, Rafique N, Alsunni A, Latif R, Alsaif S, Almohazey D, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. The Effectiveness of Nigella sativa and Ginger as Appetite Suppressants: An Experimental Study on Healthy Wistar Rats [Response to Letter]. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:753-754. [PMID: 38025515 PMCID: PMC10675636 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s447262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alassaf
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najd S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhuha N Boumarah
- Department of Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aldana M Almubireek
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaeda K Alkaltham
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Alhawaj
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taleb Alkhamis
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alsaif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Borgio JF, AlJindan R, Alghourab LH, Alquwaie R, Aldahhan R, Alhur NF, AlEraky DM, Mahmoud N, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Genomic Landscape of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A from a Long-Term Patient. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1296. [PMID: 37887006 PMCID: PMC10604365 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A that was found colonizing a long-term male patient at a tertiary hospital in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The E. faecalis IRMC827A strain carries several antimicrobial drug resistance genes and harbours mobile genetic elements such as Tn6009, which is an integrative conjugative element that can transfer resistance genes between bacteria and ISS1N via an insertion sequence. Whole-genome-sequencing-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing on strains from faecal samples revealed that the isolate E. faecalis IRMC827A is highly resistant to a variety of antibiotics, including tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, dalfopristin, virginiamycin, pristinamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. The isolate IRMC827A carries several virulence factors that are significantly associated with adherence, biofilm formation, sortase-assembled pili, manganese uptake, antiphagocytosis, and spreading factor of multidrug resistance. The isolate also encompasses two mutations (G2576T and G2505A) in the 23S rRNA gene associated with linezolid resistance and three more mutations (gyrA p.S83Y, gyrA p.D759N and parC p.S80I) of the antimicrobial resistance phenotype. The findings through next-generation sequencing on the resistome, mobilome and virulome of the isolate in the study highlight the significance of monitoring multidrug-resistant E. faecalis colonization and infection in hospitalized patients. As multidrug-resistant E. faecalis is a serious pathogen, it is particularly difficult to treat and can cause fatal infections. It is important to have quick and accurate diagnostic tests for multidrug-resistant E. faecalis, to track the spread of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis in healthcare settings, and to improve targeted interventions to stop its spread. Further research is necessary to develop novel antibiotics and treatment strategies for multidrug-resistant E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (R.A.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lujeen H. Alghourab
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rahaf Alquwaie
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Razan Aldahhan
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (R.A.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Norah F. Alhur
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (R.A.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Doaa M. AlEraky
- Department of Biomedical Dental Science, Microbiology and Immunology Division, Collage of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (J.F.B.); (R.A.); (N.F.A.)
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Borgio JF, Alhujaily R, Alquwaie R, Alabdullah MJ, AlHasani E, Alothman W, Alaqeel RK, Alfaraj AS, Kaabi A, Alhur NF, Akhtar S, AlJindan R, Almofty S, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Mining the nanotube-forming Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MR14M3 genome for determining anti- Candida auris and anti- Candida albicans potential by pathogenicity and comparative genomics analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4261-4276. [PMID: 37701018 PMCID: PMC10493893 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a global health concern associated with the emergence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungus Candida auris, which has significant mortality rates. Finding innovative and distinctive anti-Candida compounds is essential for treating infections caused by MDR C. auris. A bacterial strain with anti-Candida activity was isolated and identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The whole genome was sequenced to identify biosynthesis-related gene clusters. The pathogenicity and cytotoxicity of the isolate were analyzed in Candida and HFF-1 cell lines, respectively. This study set out to show that whole-genome sequencing, cytotoxicity testing, and pathogenicity analysis combined with genome mining and comparative genomics can successfully identify biosynthesis-related gene clusters in native bacterial isolates that encode antifungal natural compounds active against Candida albicans and C. auris. The native isolate MR14M3 has the ability to inhibit C. auris (zone of inhibition 25 mm) and C. albicans (zone of inhibition 25 mm). The 16 S rRNA gene sequence of MR14M3 aligned with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with similarity (100%). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MR14M3 establishes bridges of intercellular nanotubes (L 258.56 ± 35.83 nm; W 25.32 ± 6.09 nm) connecting neighboring cells. Candida cell size was reduced significantly, and crushed phenotypes were observed upon treatment with the defused metabolites of B. amyloliquefaciens MR14M3. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of B. amyloliquefaciens MR14M3 on Candida cells was observed through cell membrane disruption and lysed yeast cells. The whole-genome alignment of the MR14M3 genome (3981,643 bp) using 100 genes confirmed its affiliation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Genome mining analysis revealed that MR14M3-coded secondary metabolites are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides (PKs) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs), including 11 biosynthesis-related gene clusters with one hundred percent similarity. Highly conserved biosynthesis-related gene clusters with anti-C. albicans and anti-C. auris potentials and cytotoxic-free activity of B. amyloliquefaciens MR14M3 proposes the utilization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MR14M3 as a biofactory for an anti-Candida auris and anti-C. albicans compound synthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alhujaily
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alquwaie
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Jawad Alabdullah
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman AlHasani
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wojod Alothman
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Khalid Alaqeel
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeelah Salman Alfaraj
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayidah Kaabi
- Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah F. Alhur
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 40017, Saudi Arabia)
| | - Sarah Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Almandil NB, Alismail MA, Alsuwat HS, AlSulaiman A, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Exome-wide analysis identify multiple variations in olfactory receptor genes ( OR12D2 and OR5V1) associated with autism spectrum disorder in Saudi females. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1051039. [PMID: 36817779 PMCID: PMC9928728 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by deficits in communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors. ASD is highly heritable in Saudi Arabia; indecencies of affected individuals are increasing. Objectives To identify the most significant genes and SNPs associated with the increased risk of ASD in Saudi females to give an insight for early diagnosis. Methods Pilot case-control study mostly emphasized on the significant SNPs and haplotypes contributing to Saudi females with ASD patients (n = 22) compared to controls (n = 51) without ASD. With the use of allelic association analysis tools, 243,345 SNPs were studied systematically and classified according to their significant association. The significant SNPs and their genes were selected for further investigation for mapping of ASD candidate causal variants and functional impact. Results In females, five risk SNPs at p ≤ 2.32 × 10-05 was identified in association with autism. The most significant exonic variants at chromosome 6p22.1 with olfactory receptor genes (OR12D2 and OR5V1) clustered with high linkage disequilibrium through haplotyping analysis. Comparison between highly associated genes (56 genes) of male and female autistic patients with female autistic samples revealed that 39 genes are unique biomarkers for Saudi females with ASD. Conclusion Multiple variations in olfactory receptor genes (OR5V1 and OR12D2) and single variations on SPHK1, PLCL2, AKAP9 and LOC107984893 genes are contributing to ASD in females of Arab origin. Accumulation of these multiple predisposed coding SNPs can increase the possibility of developing ASD in Saudi females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Noor B Almandil,
| | - Maram Adnan Alismail
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla AlSulaiman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Al Asoom L, Alassaf MA, AlSulaiman NS, Boumarah DN, Almubireek AM, Alkaltham GK, Alhawaj HA, Alkhamis T, Rafique N, Alsunni A, Latif R, Alsaif S, Almohazey D, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. The Effectiveness of Nigella sativa and Ginger as Appetite Suppressants: An Experimental Study on Healthy Wistar Rats. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:1-11. [PMID: 36647392 PMCID: PMC9840438 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s396295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a global pandemic that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Natural herbs are commonly used for weight reduction and appetite suppression. Therefore, we aim to investigate the role and mechanism of Nigella sativa (NS) and ginger on weight reduction and appetite regulation. Methods This experimental study was performed at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Twenty-five female rats were distributed into 5 groups: NS (oral 1000mg/kg), Ginger (500 mg/kg), NS-ginger (both interventions), a positive control (intraperitoneal 50 μg/kg Liraglutide), and a negative control. Each intervention was given for 9 weeks. Food intake and body weight were assessed weekly. Serum lipid profile and peptides involved in appetite control (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), ghrelin, peptide YY, and orexin) were assayed at the end of the experiment. Results None of the interventions showed a statistically significant difference regarding food consumption or weight gain (p > 0.05). However, the three interventions significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), NS and NS-ginger significantly increased HDL, NS increased ghrelin and ginger increased orexin. Conclusion The present dose and duration of NS, ginger, or in combination did not demonstrate a significant change in body weight or food consumption in comparison to the negative or positive controls. However, NS or ginger has improved the lipid profile by reducing TC and increasing HDL. In addition, NS or ginger can influence some of the peptides involved in appetite regulation such as the increase in ghrelin induced by NS and the reduction of orexin induced by ginger. We believe that these latter effects are novel and might indicate a promising effect of these natural products on appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alassaf
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najd S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhuha N Boumarah
- Department of Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aldana M Almubireek
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaeda K Alkaltham
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Alhawaj
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taleb Alkhamis
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alsaif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Aldossary HA, Rehman S, Jermy BR, AlJindan R, Aldayel A, AbdulAzeez S, Akhtar S, Khan FA, Borgio JF, Al-Suhaimi EA. Therapeutic Intervention for Various Hospital Setting Strains of Biofilm Forming Candida auris with Multiple Drug Resistance Mutations Using Nanomaterial Ag-Silicalite-1 Zeolite. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102251. [PMID: 36297684 PMCID: PMC9611151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris), an emerging multidrug-resistant microorganism, with limited therapeutical options, is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. The current study includes 19 C. auris strains collected from King Fahd Hospital of the University and King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam, identified by 18S rRNA gene and ITS region sequencing. Drug-resistance-associated mutations in ERG11, TAC1B and FUR1 genes were screened to gain insight into the pattern of drug resistance. Molecular identification was successfully achieved using 18S rRNA gene and ITS region and 5 drug-resistance-associated missense variants identified in the ERG11 (F132Y and K143R) and TAC1B (H608Y, P611S and A640V) genes of C. auris strains, grouped into 3 clades. The prophylactic and therapeutic application of hydrothermally synthesized Ag-silicalite-1 (Si/Ag ratio 25) nanomaterial was tested against the 3 clades of clinical C. auris strains. 4wt%Ag/TiZSM-5 prepared using conventional impregnation technique was used for comparative study, and nano formulations were characterized using different techniques. The antibiofilm activity of nanomaterials was tested by cell kill assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. Across all the clades of C. auris strains, 4 wt%Ag/TiZSM-5 and Ag-silicalite-1 demonstrated a significant (p = 1.1102 × 10-16) inhibitory effect on the biofilm's survival rate: the lowest inhibition value was (10%) with Ag-silicalite-1 at 24 and 48 h incubation. A profound change in morphogenesis in addition to the reduction in the number of C.auris cells was shown by SEM and light microscopy. The presence of a high surface area and the uniform dispersion of nanosized Ag species displays enhanced anti-Candida activity, and therefore it has great potential against the emerging multidrug-resistant C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Aldossary
- Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Rabindran Jermy
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 40017, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afra Aldayel
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.F.B.); (E.A.A.-S.)
| | - Ebtesam Abdullah Al-Suhaimi
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.F.B.); (E.A.A.-S.)
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Al Asoom L, Khan J, Al Sunni A, Rafique N, Latif R, Alabdali M, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. A Pilot Mitochondrial Genome-Wide Association on Migraine Among Saudi Arabians. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6249-6258. [PMID: 35903646 PMCID: PMC9316482 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s371707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been reported in multiple neurological diseases and helped to explain the pathophysiology of these diseases. Similarly, variations in mtDNA might exist in migraine and can explain the effect of low ATP production in the neurons on the initiation of migraine attack. Therefore, in the current study we aim to explore the association of mtDNA mutations on migraine in the Saudi population. Subjects and Methods Over 1950 young Saudi female students were screened for migraine, among that a total of 103 satisfied the ICHD-3 criteria. However, 20 migraine cases confirmed in the neurology clinic and gave consent to participate in the study. Another 20 age-matched healthy controls were also recruited. Mitochondrial sequence variations were filtered from exome sequencing using NCBI GenBank Reference Sequence: NC_012920.1 and analysed using MITOMAP. Genes with significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated by the gene functional classification tool DAVID and functional enrichment analysis of protein-protein interaction networks through STRING 11.5 for the most significant associated genes. Results Genome wide analysis of the mitochondrial sequence variations between the patients with migraine and control revealed the association of 30 SNPs (p < 0.05) in the mitochondrial genome. The highest significance (p = 0.001033) was observed in a coding SNP (rs1603225278) in the CYTB gene and rs386829281 in the region of origin of replication. Twenty-four significant SNPs were in the coding region of nine (ND5, ND4, COX2, COX1, ND3, CYTB, COX3, ND2 and ND1) genes. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate the association of mtDNA variations with migraine in the Saudi population. The current findings will help to highlight the significance of mtDNA mutations to migraine pathophysiology and will serve as a reference data for larger national and international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Sunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alabdali
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani FM, Al Faris AA, Bashawri LA, Hassan FM, El-Masry OS, Aldossary MA, Al Sultan O, Borgio JF, Alsahli MA, Goodeve A. Phenotypic and Genotypic Signatures of VWF Exon 18 in Eastern Saudi Patients Previously Diagnosed with Type 1 von Willebrand Disease. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5385-5394. [PMID: 35677804 PMCID: PMC9170233 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s364818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most prevalent bleeding disease, which is associated with either low levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) or abnormality in its structure. Three types of the disease have been described; type 1 (VWD1) and 3 (VWD3) are caused by deficiency of VWF and type 2 (VWD2) is caused by production of defective VWF. The aim of the current study was to characterize gene variants of VWF gene; exon 18 in particular, in a cohort of Saudi families as well as healthy control subjects. Methods A total of 19 families comprising 60 subjects of type 1 VWD were enrolled in the study. Participants were divided into 22 index cases, 21 affected family members and 17 unaffected family members ranging in age from 6 to 70 years. Blood samples were collected from all participants to measure activated partial thromboplastin time test (APTT), von Willebrand antigen level (VWF:Ag), Factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) and ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo), platelet count, determining the ABO blood group and for genetic analysis by Sanger sequencing. Results The results indicated that VWD1 patients have lower levels of VWF and factor VIII than the non-affected family members and the control subjects. In addition, five gene variants were reported in VWF exon 18; of these, c.2365A>G and c.2385T>C were more common in the control group and might be protective from VWD. Discussion In conclusion, VWF levels are influenced by blood group, and there was no association between variants in exon 18 of VWF gene reported in all groups and the disease status; however, blood group analysis and genome-wide genotyping could help to highlight high-risk groups and improve clinical management of VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Al Faris
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla A Bashawri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathelrahman Mahdi Hassan
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Omar S El-Masry
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A Aldossary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al Sultan
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Goodeve
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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AlGhamdi NA, Alsuwat HS, Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S. Emerging of composition variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 contribute to the level of infection: in silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2635-2646. [PMID: 33138699 PMCID: PMC7651216 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1841032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is causative of pandemic COVID-19. There is a sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; however, SARS-CoV-2 RBDs (receptor-binding domain) binds 20-fold strongly with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) than SARS-CoV. The study aims to investigate protein-protein interactions (PPI) of hACE2 with SARS-CoV-2 RBD between wild and variants to detect the most influential interaction. Variants of hACE2 were retrieved from NCBI and subjected to determine the most pathogenic nsSNPs. Probability of PPIs determines the binding affinity of hACE2 genetic variants with RBD was investigated. Composition variations at the hACE2 and RBD were processed for PatchDock and refined by FireDock for the PPIs. Twelve nsSNPs were identified as the top pathogenic from SNPs (n = 7489) in hACE2 using eight bioinformatics tools. Eight RBD variants were complexed with 12 nSNPS of hACE2, and the global energy scores (Kcal/mol) were calculated and classified as very weak (-3.93 to -18.43), weak (-18.42 to -32.94), moderate (-32.94 to -47.44), strong (-47.44 to -61.95) and very strong (-61.95 to -76.46) zones. Seven composition variants in the very strong zone [G726R-G476S; R768W-V367F; Y252N-V483A; Y252N-V367F; G726R-V367F; N720D-V367F and N720D-F486L], and three in very weak [P263S-S383C; RBD-H378R; G726R-A348T] are significantly (p < 0.00001) varied for global energy score. Zonation of the five zones was established based on the scores to differentiate the effect of hACE2 and RBD variants on the binding affinity. Moreover, our findings support that the combination of hACE2 and RBD is key players for the risk of infection that should be done by further laboratory studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Ali AlGhamdi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Giambona A, Vinciguerra M, Leto F, Cassarà F, Tartaglia V, Cigna V, Orlandi E, Picciotto F, Al Qahtani NH, Alsulmi ES, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF, Maggio A. Celomic Fluid: Laboratory Workflow for Prenatal Diagnosis of Monogenic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:239-252. [PMID: 35175567 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celomic fluid can be considered as an ultra-filtrate of maternal serum, containing a high protein concentration, urea, and many other molecules. It is an important transfer interface and a reservoir of nutrients for the embryo. Celomic fluid contains fetal cells that can be used for prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases in an earlier gestational period than villocentesis and amniocentesis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of celomic fluid and to establish a workflow laboratory procedure for very early prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-five celomatic fluids were collected between the seventh and tenth week of gestation. We sampled 1 mL of celomic fluid in all cases. The embryo-fetal erythroid precursor cells were selected by the anti-CD71 microbead method or by a direct micromanipulator pick-up on the basis of their morphology. We amplified the extracted DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction. Primers for short tandem repeat amplification were used to perform a quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction evaluation to control maternal contamination. RESULTS We observed maternal contamination in 95% of celomic fluids with a range between 5 and 100%. No fetal cells were observed in 0.78% of celomic fluids. The number of fetal cells ranged from a few units to several hundred. Isolation of embryo-fetal erythroblasts selected by the micromanipulator made diagnosis feasible in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The selection of fetal cells by a micromanipulator and nested polymerase chain reaction analysis made celomatic fluid suitable for early prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders even in the presence of high maternal contamination and few fetal cells. The procedure reported in this study provides the opportunity for the use of celomic fluid sampled by celocentesis as an alternative to chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis, to allow invasive prenatal diagnosis at a very early stage of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giambona
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Margherita Vinciguerra
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Leto
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Cassarà
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Tartaglia
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Cigna
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orlandi
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Picciotto
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nourah H Al Qahtani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S Alsulmi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, and Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Via Trabucco 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
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Almandil NB, AlSulaiman A, Aldakeel SA, Alkuroud DN, Aljofi HE, Alzahrani S, Al-mana A, Alfuraih AA, Alabdali M, Alkhamis FA, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Integration of Transcriptome and Exome Genotyping Identifies Significant Variants with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020158. [PMID: 35215271 PMCID: PMC8880056 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a complex disease with genetic predisposition factors. Real factors for treatment and early diagnosis are yet to be defined. This study integrated transcriptome and exome genotyping for identifying functional variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and their impact on gene expression to find significant variations. More than 1800 patients were screened, and 70 (47 male/23 female) with an average age of 7.56 ± 3.68 years fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria for autism. Analysis revealed 682 SNPs of 589 genes significantly (p < 0.001) associated with autism among the putative functional exonic variants (n = 243,345) studied. Olfactory receptor genes on chromosome 6 were significant after Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05/243345 = 2.05 × 10−7) with a high degree of linkage disequilibrium on 6p22.1 (p = 6.71 × 10−9). The differentially expressed gene analysis of autistic patients compared to controls in whole RNA sequencing identified significantly upregulated (foldchange ≥ 0.8 and p-value ≤ 0.05; n = 125) and downregulated (foldchange ≤ −0.8 and p-value ≤ 0.05; n = 117) genes. The integration of significantly up- and downregulated genes and genes of significant SNPs identified regulatory variants (rs6657480, rs3130780, and rs1940475) associated with the up- (ITGB3BP) and downregulation (DDR1 and MMP8) of genes in autism spectrum disorder in people of Arab ancestries. The significant variants could be a biomarker of interest for identifying early autism among Arabs and helping to characterize the genes involved in the susceptibility mechanisms for autistic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulla AlSulaiman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (D.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Deem N. Alkuroud
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (D.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Halah Egal Aljofi
- Environmental Health Research Area, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safah Alzahrani
- Department of Mental Health, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.-m.)
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Al-mana
- Department of Mental Health, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.A.-m.)
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A. Alfuraih
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (D.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Majed Alabdali
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Fahd A. Alkhamis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (D.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (D.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-13-3330864
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12
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Alsulaim AY, Azam F, Sebastian T, Mahdi Hassan F, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF, Alzahrani FM. The association between two genetic polymorphisms in ITGB3 and increase risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:183-189. [PMID: 35002407 PMCID: PMC8716864 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the major complications in most cancer patients leading to poor prognosis and short survival. Several common clinical risk factors coexist in cancer patients are used as risk predictive biomarkers to help in the management and prevention of VTE. These include cancer site and stage, chemotherapy regimen and elevated biological markers. However, Genetic polymorphisms in genes controlling coagulation and fibrinolysis are significantly associated with VTE if detected, then they might be more sensitive individual predictive biomarkers for VTE risk assessment. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between ITGB3 rs3809865 and rs5918 with VTE risk as well as monitor the effect of VTE on overall survival of these cancer patients. In this retrospective case-control study, 195 cancer patients' formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) samples were collected (controls n = 157, case n = 38) using the stored data through Jan 2010 to Sep 2018 from King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam. Samples were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assay, then logistic regression analysis and Chi-square were used to predict the association between risk factors and VTE. Survival Comparison was tested by the log-rank test. Genetic polymorphisms in ITGB3 (rs3809865 and rs5918) found not to be associated with VTE increasing risk in cancer patients (p>0.05). While the advanced stage was potentially increasing the risk of VTE events (OR 5.1 CI 2.01-12.9p = 0.001). Patients with VTE showed a poor overall survival reflected by the median survival rate of only three years compared to seven years for cancer patients without VTE. This study highlighted the potential influence of VTE on prognosis and survival of cancer patients and raised the importance of exploring risk predictive biomarkers in our population. This will improve the risk prediction biomarkers leading to implementing safe and effective thrombosis prophylaxis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Y. Alsulaim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Azam
- Consultant Medical Oncologist, King Fahad specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tunny Sebastian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathelrahman Mahdi Hassan
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alhur NF, Al Qahtani NH, AlSuhaibani ES, Alsulmi E, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells Preferable Than Cell-Free Fetal DNA for Early Determination of Gender Among Invasive and Non-Invasive Source Using Novel Four Genes Multiplex PCR. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9697-9705. [PMID: 34938099 PMCID: PMC8687708 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s345345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deoxyribonucleic acid from invasive, non-invasive and 9th week embryo can be a resource for the determination of fetal sex using highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR. Methods A total of 402 DNA samples were used to test the newly developed novel multiplex PCR including male specific (3 genes: SRY, DAZ2 and TSPY1) Y-biomarkers and internal control, ACTB. The study isolated cffDNA (Cell-free fetal DNA; n = 73) from mother’s plasma, serum and urine, fetal DNA from 9th week embryo and cord blood, and fetal DNA from CD71+ve nucleated red blood cells (fNRBC; n = 73). Paternal and maternal DNA from buccal cells (n = 20) and blood (n = 232) used for male and female confirmation. Results The study observed that SRY alone cannot be a suitable Y-biomarker. Confirmation from any two Y-biomarkers is mandatory for male fetus identification. Direct sequencing of the gel eluted multiplex and single amplicons confirmed the specific sequences. Presence of two out of 3 Y-biomarkers OR single Y-biomarker with >1,000,000 intensity is considered positive for male. The multiplex PCR is suitable for determining sex from all source of fetal DNA including highly degraded cffDNA and can detect the sex using 0.5ng DNA. Individual marker-based real-time qPCR followed by combined melt curve analysis showed distinguished melt curve peaks for the markers. Conclusion The multiplex PCR achieved 100% accuracy on fetal DNA from fNRBC for early determinations (<13 weeks) of gender. The developed novel and simple multiplex PCR and individual qPCR can be adopted in all types of laboratories for determining human fetal gender using fetal DNA from fNRBC. Early identification of gender can support to prepare for possible X-linked analysis, reduce anxiety in mother, strengthen a bond between mother and fetus, and effective decision making. Non-invasive source of fetal DNA from fNRBC preferred for identifying gender to reduce the risk of invasive procedures in early (8–13 weeks) pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah F Alhur
- College of Science, Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah H Al Qahtani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Alsulmi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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AlEraky DM, Madi M, El Tantawi M, AlHumaid J, Fita S, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF, Al-Harbi FA, Alagl AS. Predominance of non- Streptococcus mutans bacteria in dental biofilm and its relation to caries progression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7390-7395. [PMID: 34867042 PMCID: PMC8626303 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess differences in biofilm bacterial composition between patients with low and high caries. Patients without a medical problem and with no history of antibiotic use, mouth wash or fluoride application in the previous 3 months were recruited. Caries was recorded at cavitation level; score was calculated by a national mean (dmft of 4.8 and DMFT of 2.7). Pooled biofilm samples were collected from mesial, distal, buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces. Based on caries experience, individuals were classified into low and high caries and both groups were compared regarding bacteria identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the isolates was performed. A total of twenty seven randomly selected samples with low (n = 13) and high (n = 14) caries. Identification of oral bacteria was performed using 16S rRNA sequence, Rothia mucilaginosa and R. aeria were identified in low caries individuals, while R. dentocariosa was detected in high caries individuals. Two Streptococcus spp. were identified only in low caries S. salivarius and S. gordonii whereas S. sanguinis, S. mitis, S. sinensis, S. rubneri, S. vestibularis, S. cristatus and S. massiliensis were identified only in individuals with high caries. This study revealed the absence of R. mucilaginosa in the high caries subjects and its coexistence with the low caries subjects. Streptococcus mutans was insignificant contributor of caries among samples, while, Streptococcus sanguinis was the main constituent of high caries Saudi patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M AlEraky
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jehan AlHumaid
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Fita
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S Alagl
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Borgio JF, Rasdan AS, Sonbol B, Alhamid G, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10111144. [PMID: 34827138 PMCID: PMC8614875 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and developing status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, as well as their related mortality, is reviewed by a systematic published literature search from nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. In order to analyse the emerging status and mortality, a total of 382 research articles were selected from a comprehensive screening of 1705 papers. More than 850 deaths reported since 2010 in the Arabian Peninsula due to the infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Multidrug-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi Candida auris are the most prevalent and causing high deaths. To control these infections and associated deaths in the Arabian Peninsula, continuous preventive measures, accurate methods for early diagnosis of infection, active surveillance, constant monitoring, developing vaccines, eradicating multidrug resistance modulators, and data sharing among countries are required. Abstract We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-013-3330864
| | - Alia Saeed Rasdan
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Bayan Sonbol
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Galyah Alhamid
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Borgio JF, Alsuwat HS, Alamoudi W, Hegazi FM, Al Otaibi WM, M Ibrahim A, Almandil NB, Al-Amodi AM, Alyousef YM, AlShwaimi E, Almasoud N, Kamaraj B, Sayed A. Exome array identifies functional exonic biomarkers for pediatric dental caries. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105019. [PMID: 34749984 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric dental caries is common among Arab children, however we are still searching for possible genes and molecular mechanisms that influence caries development. AIM To identity genetic predispositions of dental caries among Saudi children with high DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth). DESIGN This case-control study analysed putative functional exonic-variants (n = 243,345) to study the molecular genetics of pediatric caries with high dmft index, 8.75 ± 4.16 on Arab-ancestry subjects with primary dentition (n = 111; 76 cases, dmft>5 and 35 controls, dmft = 0). RESULTS Pediatric caries is significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GRIN2B-rs4764039C (p-value = 2.03 × 10-08) and CFH-rs1065489G (p-value = 8.26 × 10-08) genes, even after Bonferroni correction. Irregular tooth brushing habits (p = 0.0404) and irregular dental visits (p = 0.0050) are significantly associated with caries. Functional enrichment analysis of significant genes is associated with calcium-activated chloride channel, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and N-linked glycosylation. CONCLUSION Genetic predispositions are found to be significantly associated with the high prevalence of pediatric caries, which is a disorder of multigene-environment interaction. The significant functional exonic variants identified can be biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pediatric dental caries in Arabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Departments of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohammed Hegazi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Ibrahim
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M Al-Amodi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M Alyousef
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad AlShwaimi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Almasoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulAzeez Sayed
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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AlJindan R, AlEraky DM, Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Abdalhamid B, Mahmoud N, Farhat M. Diagnostic deficiencies of C. difficile infection among patients in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia: A laboratory-based case series. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4472-4477. [PMID: 34354432 PMCID: PMC8324924 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has become a threatening public health problem in the developed world. In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, prevalence of CDI is still unknown due to limited surveillance protocols and diagnostic resources. We used a two-step procedure to study and confirm C. difficile cases. We also studied toxin profiles of these isolates. Stool samples were collected from symptomatic patients and clinically suspected of CDI for almost 12 months. Isolates were confirmed by culture method followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Multiplex PCR was performed for the identification of toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin genes and compared to Gene Expert results. Out of the 47 collected samples, 27 were successfully grown on culture media. 18 samples were confirmed as C. difficile by both culture and 16S rRNA sequencing. Interestingly, the rest of the isolates (9 species) belonged to different genera. Our results showed 95% of samples were positive for both toxin A and B (tcdA, tcdB) and all samples exhibited the toxin gene regulator tcdC. All samples were confirmed negative for the binary toxin gene ctdB and 11% of the isolates were positive for ctdA gene. Interestingly, one isolate harbored the binary toxin gene (cdtA +) and tested negative for both toxins A and B. We believe that combining the standard culture method with molecular techniques can make the detection of C. difficile more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem AlJindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M AlEraky
- Department of Biomedical Dental Science, Microbiology and Immunology Division, Collage of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baha Abdalhamid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nehal Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Farhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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Al Qahtani NH, AbdulAzeez S, Almandil NB, Fahad Alhur N, Alsuwat HS, Al Taifi HA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Rabindran Jermy B, Abouelhoda M, Subhani S, Al Asoom L, Borgio JF. Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Exonic Variation of ASIC5 Gene Results in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:699672. [PMID: 34395479 PMCID: PMC8363113 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.699672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Family trio next-generation sequencing-based variant analysis was done to identify the genomic reason on unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). A family (dead fetus and parents) from Saudi Arabia with an earlier history of three unexplained RPLs at the ninth week of pregnancy was included in the study. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a dead fetus and the parents was done to identify the pathogenic variation and confirmed through Sanger sequencing. WGS of dead fetus identifies a novel homozygous exonic variation (NM_017419.3:c.680G>T) in ASIC5 (acid-sensing ion channel subunit family member 5) gene; the parents are heterozygous. Newly designed ARMS PCR followed by direct sequencing confirms the presence of heterozygous in one subject and absence of homozygous novel mutation among randomly selected healthy Saudis. The second family with heterozygous was confirmed with three unexplained RPLs. Pathogenicity analysis of R227I amino acid substitution in ASIC5 protein through molecular docking and interaction analysis revealed that the mutations are highly pathogenic, decrease the stability of the protein, and prevent binding of amiloride, which is an activator to open the acid-sensing ion channel of ASIC5. The identified rare and novel autosomal recessive mutation, c.680G>T:p.R227I (ASIC5Saudi), in two families confirm the ASIC5 gene association with RPL and can be fatal to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourah H. Al Qahtani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Fahad Alhur
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatoon Ahmed Al Taifi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam A. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Rabindran Jermy
- Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Subhani
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Osman Y, Elsharkawy T, Hashim TM, Alratroot JA, Alsuwat HS, Otaibi WMA, Hegazi FM, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Functional multigenic variations associated with hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1472-1482. [PMID: 34216518 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study aimed to describe genotypes associated with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in a cohort of Saudi and non-Saudi patients and discuss their possible susceptibility to HL. METHODS We studied clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings of HL patients admitted over 12 years duration, at King Fahd University Hospital, KSA. The genomic DNAs of HL patients (n = 61) and normal control subjects (n = 36) were extracted, and genotyping was performed using the Illumina human exome bead chip. Set of HL patients and set of normal controls were included in this study. RESULTS A total of 35 DNA variants were found to be highly significant with the P-value <9.90 × 10-11 among 243 345 exonic biomarkers and obeying the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Nine, MEGF11-rs150945752 (P-value 1.20 × 10-12 ), CACNA1I- s58055559 (P-value 1.93 × 10-12 ), DECR2-rs146760080 (P-value 2.19 × 10-12 ), STAB1-rs143894786 (P-value 2.45 × 10-12 ), ZNF526-rs144433879 (P-value 2.76 × 10-12 ), CPLANE1-rs200612080 (P-value 3.77 × 10-12 ), DLK1-rs1058009 (P-value 5.95 × 10-12 ), RTN4RL2-rs61745214 (P-value 7.71 × 10-12 ), and PGRMC1-rs145582672 (P-value 8.56 × 10-12 ), exonic variants on chromosomes 15, 22, and 16 were highly associated with HL cases. THE HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT HAPLOTYPES AT CHROMOSOME 3: rs143894786G; rs149982219G with P-value = 3.43 × 10-14 was found to be the risk haplotype for the HL patients. The opposite alleles at chromosome 3: rs143894786A; rs149982219G is protective with P-value = 2.46 × 10-12 . Maximum number of SNPs at the chromosome 19: rs144433879C; rs181265966G; rs201144421C; rs145591797G; rs200560875G; rs77270337G (risk P-value = 2.24 × 10-12 ) and its opposite allele rs144433879A; rs181265966A; rs201144421T; rs145591797A; rs200560875A; rs77270337A (protective P-value = 2.60 × 10-9 ) were found to be associated haplotype with the HL and controls, respectively, in Saudi population. CONCLUSION Our study concludes that the HL is genetically heterogeneous with multigene causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Osman
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Elsharkawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Mohammad Hashim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohammed Hegazi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Latif R, Rafique N, Al Asoom L, Alsunni AA, Salem AM, AlNoaimi DA, AlHarbi WM, Shaikh AY, AlRaddadi SA, AlMuhaish LA, Almohazey D, Abdulazeez S, Borgio JF. Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Apolipoprotein E in Migraine: A Preliminary Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:851-856. [PMID: 33737829 PMCID: PMC7966296 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s303350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reliable, migraine-specific biomarker has not been identified so far. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) might serve as migraine biomarkers due to their roles in migraine pathophysiology. However, their diagnostic usefulness has not been explored yet. Present study explored the diagnostic accuracy of CGRP and ApoE in migraine. Methods A cross-sectional, case–control study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 at Physiology department of our university. Fourteen female migraine patients, 18–25 years old, with confirmed “Migraine” diagnosis by a neurologist, were recruited. Control group consisted of 14 age-matched healthy females with no personal/family history of migraine. Blood was drawn once from control subjects and twice from migraine patients (ictal and interictal phase). Serum CGRP and ApoE levels were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis involved paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and cross-tabs. Results ApoE (mg/dl) was higher significantly in interictal (1.90±0.50) and ictal (1.97±0.65) phases of migraine compared to control (1.07±0.26) (p ≤ 0.001). ROC curves for ApoE were significant in migraine ictal vs control (AUC= 0.91, AUC 95% CI: 0.78–1.0) and migraine interictal vs control (AUC=0.92, AUC 95% CI: 0.8–1.0) subjects. ROC curve for CGRP (pg/mL) was significant in migraine ictal vs control subjects only (AUC=0.79, AUC 95% CI: 0.6–0.97). Conclusion Serum ApoE has “excellent” accuracy to diagnose migraine patients whether in ictal or interictal phase, from healthy subjects. ApoE levels of patients in these two phases of migraine are raised significantly than healthy subjects. CGRP has “fair” diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between migraine ictal phase and healthy subjects. Its levels do not differ significantly among migraine ictal, interictal phase and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alsunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahad Yasir Shaikh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Abdulazeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Ababutain IM, Aldosary SK, Aljuraifani AA, Alghamdi AI, Alabdalall AH, Al-Khaldi EM, Aldakeel SA, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6651020. [PMID: 33747087 PMCID: PMC7960065 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Mohammed Ababutain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Khamees Aldosary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Hassan Alabdalall
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida Marshid Al-Khaldi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Qaaneh AM, Alshammari T, Aldahhan R, Aldossary H, Alkhalifah ZA, Borgio JF. Genome composition and genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1978-1989. [PMID: 33519278 PMCID: PMC7834485 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a type of Betacoronaviruses responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, with more than 1.745 million fatalities globally as of December-2020. Genetically, it is considered the second largest genome of all RNA viruses with a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail. Phylogenetic analyses of coronaviruses reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closely related to the Bat-SARS Like-Corona virus (Bat-SL-Cov) with 96% whole-genome identity. SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 15 ORFs coded into 29 proteins. At the 5' terminal of the genome, we have ORF1ab and ORF1a, which encode the 1ab and 1a polypeptides that are proteolytically cleaved into 16 different nonstructural proteins (NSPs). The 3' terminal of the genome represents four structural (spike, envelope, matrix, and nucleocapsid) and nine accessory (3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8b, 9a, 9b, and orf10) proteins. As the number of COVID-19 patients increases dramatically worldwide, there is an urgent need to find a quick and sensitive diagnostic tool for controlling the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Today, molecular testing methods utilizing viral genetic material (e.g., PCR) represent the crucial diagnostic tool for the SARS-CoV-2 virus despite its low sensitivity in the early stage of viral infection. This review summarizes the genome composition and genetic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Drug Information Center, Pharmacy Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH), Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alshammari
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Aldahhan
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Aldossary
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Abduljaleel Alkhalifah
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Cyrus C, Vatte C, Chathoth S, Sayed AA, Borgio JF, Alrubaish MA, Alfalah R, Alsaikhan J, Al Ali AK. Haemoglobin switching modulator SNPs rs5006884 is associated with increased HbA 2 in β-thalassaemia carriers. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1064-1074. [PMID: 34336034 PMCID: PMC8314410 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2), the tetramer of α- and δ-globin chains, is used as a diagnostic biomarker for β-thalassaemia carriers. The HbA2 levels are regulated by the presence of HPFH, δ-thalassaemia, HbA1/2 gene triplication, and variants of KLF1, β-globin gene, and HbF regulating QTLs. Saudi Arabia has a high incidence of borderline HbA2 levels, thereby making it difficult to classify the haemoglobinopathies. This study aims to investigate the association of known HbF enhancer QTL gene SNPs with HbA2 levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS 14 Specific SNPs in BCL11A, HMIP, OR51B6, HBBP1, and HBG2 loci were genotyped in 164 Saudi β-thalassaemia carriers by TaqMan assay to validate their role as regulators of HbA2 levels. HbA2 levels were determined using the Variant II β-Thalassemia Short Program Recorder kit. The non-random association of these SNPs was tested using HaploView software. Protein interaction was assessed using 3D structure modelling for OR51B6 (rs5006884), comparative energy minimisation, and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) prediction. RESULTS Elevated HbA2 levels were associated with SNPs in HBBP1, OR51B6, and TCT haplotype from HBG2 promoter region. The bioinformatics modelling and prediction revealed that the exonic rs5006884 had RMSD value deviations and significantly varied binding energy minimisation. α-globin variations were found in 57.92% of individuals but were not associated with elevated HbA2. CONCLUSIONS The haemoglobin switching modulators rs2071348, rs7482144, and rs5006884 are involved in regulation of HbA2 level with rs5006884 influencing the tetramer formation. Screening for haemoglobinopathies should take these SNPs into consideration, specifically in borderline HbA2 cases. Assiduous analysis of rs5006884 as HbA2 modulator for amelioration of disease severity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Cyrus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanas Chathoth
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Azeez Sayed
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rawan Alfalah
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana Alsaikhan
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K. Al Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Albakri AH, Al-Shuhaib MBS, Alwan SL, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Deleterious missense variants in the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes explain the low toxicity of Aspergillus flavus from infected rice. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104605. [PMID: 33166617 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is one of the most natural contaminants of the improperly stored rice grains. It produces several secondary metabolites, like aflatoxins, which are well known hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic and mutagenic agents. This study describes the in silico consequences of the missense mutations identified in several genes of aflatoxins biosynthesis in rice-contaminating A. flavus isolates. In the in vitro portion of the study, aflatoxins production profile was measured, and PCR-single strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP)-sequencing method was used to genotype the studied genetic loci: aflP, aflM, aflR, PEP, and cob. Results showed aflatoxigenic potential in 79 out of 109 A. flavus isolates. Twenty-two missense and fifty-five synonymous mutations were found to be distributed variably on the studied loci. In the in silico portion of this study, several computations were utilized to predict the effect of each observed missense mutation on proteins structure, function, and stability. Seven mutations (O-methyl transferase: p.G256C; ver-1 dehydrogenase: p.K179 N and p.V183L; aspergillopepsin-1: p.P137L, p.S138F, p.G154C, and p.S158C) were found to be highly deleterious among the missense variants with damaging effects on their proteins' structure and function. In contrast to these detected variations in the aflatoxigenic loci, all missense mutations in the control non-aflatoxigenic cob gene were found to be neutral. These findings indicated that the observed mutations may reduce the concomitant biohazard of their biosynthesized aflatoxins. The current findings suggest that the naturally available variants may reduce or eliminates the dangerous consequences of aflatoxins upon ingesting the rice infected with A. flavus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive report to analyze the missense mutations on the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes using in vitro and the state-of-art bio-computational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Albakri
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al-Kufa, Najaf, 54001, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babil, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Sabah L Alwan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al-Kufa, Najaf, 54001, Iraq.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Al Asoom LI, Al Makhaita MM, Rafique N, Al Afandi DT, Al Otaibi WM, Alsuwat HS, Alaithan MA, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Effects of -3.7α Deletion and Sickle-Cell Trait on Ventilatory and Hemodynamic Responses to Maximum Exercise in Young Saudi Females. J Blood Med 2020; 11:371-378. [PMID: 33117023 PMCID: PMC7585821 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s272905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hemoglobinopathies are common disorders in Saudi Arabia and have an impact on the general health of the affected individuals. The current study aimed to find out the effects of the presence of α 3.7 kb rightward deletion or sickle-cell trait (SCT) on ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters of maximum exercise testing in young Saudi women. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 75 randomly selected female students from different colleges were tested for VO2max using a COSMED system for maximum exercise testing. Blood parameters and globin genotyping were determined. Results Hemoglobin genetic studies revealed 28 of the students had 3.7 α-globin deletion only (−3.7α2/α1α2), five had SCT, and 42 had normal α-globin (α1α2/α1α2 and no HbS) and were considered the control group. Subjects with −3.7α2/α1α2 showed significantly lower VO2max and higher resting systolic blood pressure, while SCT carriers showed no difference in regard to ventilatory parameters, but had higher post-exercise systolic blood pressure than controls. Conclusion It is concluded that individuals with 3.7 α-globin deletion might have lower fitness capacity, as demonstrated by lower VO2max, which might explain the general lower VO2max in the young women of this population. Furthermore, increments in resting systolic and posteexercise systolic blood pressure in 3.7 α-globin deletion and SCT, respectively, might indicate a future risk of cardiovascular diseases and require attention and extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah Mansour Al Makhaita
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Tariq Al Afandi
- Depatment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa A Alaithan
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alsubaie LM, Alsuwat HS, Almandil NB, AlSulaiman A, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Risk Y-haplotypes and pathogenic variants of Arab-ancestry boys with autism by an exome-wide association study. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7623-7632. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Selvaraj P, Neethu E, Rathika P, Jayaseeli JPR, Jermy BR, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF, Dhas TS. Antibacterial potentials of methanolic extract and silver nanoparticles from marine algae. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alabdalall AH, ALanazi NA, A Aldakeel S, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Molecular, physiological, and biochemical characterization of extracellular lipase production by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9425. [PMID: 32704444 PMCID: PMC7350912 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular production of fungal lipases especially the lipases obtained from the Aspergilli has gained immense interest in recent years due to its diverse biotechnological applications. In this study, we focused on determining the fermentation parameters required for the optimal lipase production. Methods A total of 256 fungal isolates were obtained from oil seeds. From each genus, one isolate was selected to evaluate lipase production using phenol red and tributyrin plate assays. Lipase activity was estimated using the spectrophotometric pNPP hydrolysis assay. The highest lipase producer isolates were identified using 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The genetic variability was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and the dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages method. The isolates were examined in a submerged fermentation culture (Smf) to measure the effect of temperature, pH, incubation time, carbon source, nitrogen source, inoculum volume, and lipid source on lipase production. Results Eleven isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus were analyzed for lipase production where they were found to be the highest lipase producers among various fungal genera. All the tested isolates were identified as A. niger using 18s rRNA sequencing. Genetic diversity was evaluated among all of the studied A. niger isolates using RAPD primers. The RAPD primers were used to amplify 285 loci, of which five were polymorphic (1.75%) and seven were monomorphic (2.45%). Thus, a high level of genetic diversity was observed among all isolates. The tributyrin test and the lipase activity assay identified five strains of A. niger as high lipase producers, and their optimal enzyme activities were 709.74, 532.54, 735.64, 794.62, and 787.69 U/ml. The optimal conditions for lipase production were as follows: 40 °C, pH 7.5, 1% fructose as the carbon source, 1% yeast extract as the nitrogen source, 2% palm oil, 2.5 × 107 spores/ml suspension, and 3 days of incubation. Conclusions The current study provides a comprehensive characterization of the optimal conditions, which are essential to enhance lipase production in five A. niger isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hassan Alabdalall
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudia Arabia
| | - Norah Ayad ALanazi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudia Arabia
| | - Sumayh A Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudia Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudia Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudia Arabia
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Dhas TS, Sowmiya P, Kumar VG, Ravi M, Suthindhiran K, Borgio JF, Narendrakumar G, Kumar VR, Karthick V, Kumar CV. Antimicrobial effect of Sargassum plagiophyllum mediated gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Borgio JF, Alsuwat HS, Al Otaibi WM, Ibrahim AM, Almandil NB, Al Asoom LI, Salahuddin M, Kamaraj B, AbdulAzeez S. State-of-the-art tools unveil potent drug targets amongst clinically approved drugs to inhibit helicase in SARS-CoV-2. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:508-518. [PMID: 32399096 PMCID: PMC7212215 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extreme health and economic problems in the world due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection have led to an urgent need to identify potential drug targets for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present state-of-the-art tool-based screening was targeted to identify drug targets among clinically approved drugs by uncovering SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Helicase is a vital viral replication enzyme, which unwinds nucleic acids and separates the double-stranded nucleic acids into single-stranded nucleic acids. Hence, the SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein 3D structure was predicted, validated, and used to screen the druggable targets among clinically approved drugs such as protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, used to treat HIV infection using molecular docking analysis. RESULTS Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 helicase, approved drugs, vapreotide (affinity: -12.88; S score: -9.84 kcal/mol), and atazanavir (affinity: -11.28; S score: -9.32 kcal/mol), approved drugs for treating AIDS-related diarrhoea and HIV infection, respectively, are observed with significantly low binding affinity and MOE score or binding free energy. The functional binding pockets of the clinically approved drugs on SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein molecule suggest that vapreotide and atazanavir may interrupt the activities of the SARS-CoV-2 helicase. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that vapreotide may be a choice of drug for wet lab studies to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Ibrahim
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Animal House Unit, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Aldakeel SA, Ghanem NZ, Al-Amodi AM, Osman AK, Al Asoom LI, Ahmed NR, Almandil NB, Akhtar MS, Azeez SA, Borgio JF. Identification of seven novel variants in the β-globin gene in transfusion-dependent and normal patients. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:453-459. [PMID: 32190157 PMCID: PMC7069418 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormality in HBB results in an inherited recessive blood disorder, which can be caused by variants at the transcriptional or translational level affecting the stability and the production of the HBB chain. The severity of the disease relies on the variant's characteristics. This study aimed to identify the common β-globin HBB variants in the population of the Eastern Province, which has the highest prevalence of blood diseases in Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Direct sequence of β-globin HBB gene, and alpha-globin HBA1 and HBA2 genes was performed on a total of 545 blood samples (transfusion-dependent: 215, 106 men and 109 women; normal healthy subjects: 330, 197 men and 133 women) collected from Saudi Arabian participants in the Eastern region. RESULTS A total of 36 variants in HBB gene were revealed with 11 variants that have been reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia, including 7 novel variants that have been identified for the first time in HBB gene. The novel variants consisted of two exonic (HBB:c.252C>T; HBB:c.281G>T) and five intronic variants (c.316-183_316-168del; c.315+241T>A; c.315+376T>C; c.316-114C>G; c.315+208T>G) at HBB gene. The novel exonic variants and three (c.316-183_316-168del; c.315+241T>A; c.315+376T>C) intronic variants were co-inherited with α deletion. CONCLUSIONS This current study updated the HBB gene variations with newly identified variants of HBB gene and co-inheritance with α-globin deletions. The identified β-globin mutations will strengthen the genetic reference that could aid in characterizing mutations that are associated with phenotype of thalassemia in a specific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda Z. Ghanem
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. Al-Amodi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud Khalid Osman
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shakil Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Abdul Azeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Azeez SA, Alhashim ZG, Al Otaibi WM, Alsuwat HS, Ibrahim AM, Almandil NB, Borgio JF. State-of-the-art tools to identify druggable protein ligand of SARS-CoV-2. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:497-507. [PMID: 32399095 PMCID: PMC7212236 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China and other parts of the world affects people and spreads coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through human-to-human contact, with a mortality rate of > 2%. There are no approved drugs or vaccines yet available against SARS-CoV-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS State-of-the-art tools based on in-silico methods are a cost-effective initial approach for identifying appropriate ligands against SARS-CoV-2. The present study developed the 3D structure of the envelope and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and molecular docking analysis was done against various ligands. RESULTS The highest log octanol/water partition coefficient, high number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, lowest non-bonded interaction energy between the receptor and the ligand, and high binding affinity were considered for the best ligand for the envelope (mycophenolic acid: log P = 3.00; DG = -10.2567 kcal/mol; pKi = 7.713 µM) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid: log P = 2.901; DG = -12.2112 kcal/mol; pKi = 7.885 µM) of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies the most potent compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 envelope and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein through state-of-the-art tools based on an in-silico approach. A combination of these two ligands could be the best option to consider for further detailed studies to develop a drug for treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Abdul Azeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Ghalib Alhashim
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Ibrahim
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alomari M, Jermy BR, Ravinayagam V, Akhtar S, Almofty SA, Rehman S, Bahmdan H, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Cisplatin-functionalized three-dimensional magnetic SBA-16 for treating breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47:3079-3086. [PMID: 31352799 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1645155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of multifunctional therapeutics in an integrated single platform is demonstrated using three-dimensional SBA-16 (S-16). 10 wt% iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe) were loaded into the cage type of cubic pores through enforced adsorption technique. Fe/S-16 is then functionalized with amine-based silane (A), polyacrylic acid (P) and cisplatin (Cp). The physicochemical textural analysis showed the formation of nano metal oxide distributions at pore walls of S-16 with magnetization of 2.39 emu/g. S-16 based nanoformulations showed high percentage of Cp adsorption (90%) and percentage cumulative release (60%). in vitro study of Fe/S-16-A-Cp showed high toxicity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and normal cell line Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) compared to Fe/S-16 indicating cisplatin profusion inside the cells than free cisplatin. While skin fibroblast seems to be resistant to Fe/S-16-AP-Cp with very high LC50 in compare to MCF-7. This indicates the unrelease of cisplatin in skin fibroblast after Fe/S-16-AP-Cp treatment due to effective encapsulation inside the cubic pores and core blockage due to pH-sensitive polyacrylic acid. Also, these treatments resulted in morphological changes in the cells such as DNA condensation and nuclear fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munther Alomari
- a Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - B Rabindran Jermy
- b Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- c Deanship of Scientific Research & Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- d Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ameen Almofty
- a Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Suriya Rehman
- e Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Bahmdan
- a Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- f Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- f Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
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AbdulAzeez S, Almandil NB, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Suliman AM, ElFakharay HI, Borgio JF. Co-inheritance of alpha globin gene deletion lowering serum iron level in female beta thalassemia patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:603-606. [PMID: 31705350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia, thalassemia is highly common. Data on the effect of alpha globin gene variation on the concentration of iron on transfusion dependent Saudis are scanty. A total of 166 transfusions dependent β-thalassemia were included in this study to understand association between the alpha globin gene variation and concentration of iron. Using multiplex PCR, the alpha globin gene deletions were identified. Also, HBA1 and HBA2 genes were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Saudi transfusion dependent female β-thalassemia patients with wild alpha globin genotype (αα/αα) were observed with iron level beyond the normal range. However, normal range of iron was observed in transfusion dependent Saudi female beta thalassemia patients co-inherited with double (-α3.7/-α3.7, or --Fil/αα or --MED/αα or - (α) 20.5/αα) or double heterozygosity (- -/-α3.7) alpha globin gene deletions, which is significantly (p < 0.0001) less compared to the Saudi transfused female with wild alpha globin genotype (αα/αα). The co-inheritance alpha globin gene deletions in female beta thalassemia patients were significantly lowering serum iron. Detailed studies can be taken forward to identify the molecular pathways involved in globin gene deletion as modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Rehman S, Jermy BR, Akhtar S, Borgio JF, Abdul Azeez S, Ravinayagam V, Al Jindan R, Alsalem ZH, Buhameid A, Gani A. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophile; Bacillus haynesii, applied for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47:2072-2082. [PMID: 31126203 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1620254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a benign system for the nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis, is a key in nanotechnology for the environmental and health care industries. Therefore, enrichment of novel biological systems for the green synthesis is in significant demand, to lift up these compounds in the biomedical industries. The present work, reports the green synthesis of ZnO NPs, employing a novel thermophile, identified as Bacillus haynesii (GeneBank: MG822851) isolated from the leaf of date palm plant (Phoenix dactylifera), as an eco-friendly nanobiofactory. Physiochemical characterization of ZnO NPs (50 ± 5 nm in size), was achieved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis spectroscopy), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmissiom electron microscopy (TEM). The morphogenesis and antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO NPs, was studied by evaluating the minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC&MBC) against Escherchia coli (8 and 16 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (4 and 8 mg/mL), respectively. The present study encourages the use of B. haynesii for the green synthesis of ZnO NP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the study of thermophilic, B. haynesii for green synthesis of NPs in general and ZnO NPs in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Rehman
- a Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - B Rabindran Jermy
- b Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- c Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- d Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Abdul Azeez
- d Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- e Deanship of Scientific Research & Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Jindan
- f Department of Microbiology, College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Hassan Alsalem
- a Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Buhameid
- a Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Gani
- g Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
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Jermy BR, Alomari M, Ravinayagam V, Almofty SA, Akhtar S, Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S. SPIONs/3D SiSBA-16 based Multifunctional Nanoformulation for target specific cisplatin release in colon and cervical cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14523. [PMID: 31601952 PMCID: PMC6787005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials can be used for dual applications: drug delivery as well as in bioimaging. In current study, we investigated potential use of silica based supports; 3D cage type SiSBA-16 (S-16), monodispersed hydrophilic spherical silica (HYPS) and mesocellular foam (MSU-F) for cisplatin (Cp) delivery. To obtain magnetic resonance characteristics, 10 wt% iron oxide was loaded through enforced adsorption technique. For pH stimuli responsive release of Cp, 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16 was functionalized with 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (A) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) termed as 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-APAA-Cp. By TEM analysis, the average diameter of the SPIONs was found to range between 10–60 nm. VSM analysis showed saturation magnetization over S-16, HYPS and MSU-F were in the following order: 10 wt%SPIONs/HYPS (4.08 emug−1) > 10 wt%SPIONs /S-16 (2.39 emug−1) > 10 wt%SPIONs/MSU-F (0.23 emug−1). Cp release study using dialysis membrane in PBS solution over 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16 nanoformulations showed highest cumulative release (65%) than 10 wt%SPIONs/MSU-F-A-Cp (63%), 10 wt%SPIONs/HYPS-A-Cp (58%), and Cp-F127/S-16 (53%), respectively. 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-APAA-Cp were evaluated for in vitro target anticancer efficiency in human cancer cell lines (colon cancer (HCT 116), cervical cancer (HeLa)) and normal cells (Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) using MTT and DAPI staining. 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp treated Hela and HCT116 cancerous cell lines showed significant control of cell growth, apoptotic activity and less cytotoxic effect as compared to Cp and 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16. Target specific Cp release in the cells shows that 10 wt%SPIONs/S-16-A-Cp can be easily upgraded for magnetic resonance imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rabindran Jermy
- Department of Nano Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- Department of Nano Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Ameen Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Almandil NB, Alkuroud DN, AbdulAzeez S, AlSulaiman A, Elaissari A, Borgio JF. Environmental and Genetic Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Special Emphasis on Data from Arabian Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16040658. [PMID: 30813406 PMCID: PMC6406800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by language delay, impaired communication interactions, and repetitive patterns of behavior caused by environmental and genetic factors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of recently published literature on ASD and especially novel insights into excitatory synaptic transmission. Even though numerous genes have been discovered that play roles in ASD, a good understanding of the pathophysiologic process of ASD is still lacking. The protein⁻protein interactions between the products of NLGN, SHANK, and NRXN synaptic genes indicate that the dysfunction in synaptic plasticity could be one reason for the development of ASD. Designing more accurate diagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of ASD would improve treatment strategies and could enhance the appropriate monitoring of prognosis. This comprehensive review describes the psychotropic and antiepileptic drugs that are currently available as effective pharmacological treatments and provides in-depth knowledge on the concepts related to clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and genetic perspectives of ASD. An increase in the prevalence of ASD in Gulf Cooperation Council countries is also addressed in the review. Further, the review emphasizes the need for international networking and multidimensional studies to design novel and effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deem N Alkuroud
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulla AlSulaiman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEP-UMR 5007, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Al-Kafajy FR, Badi MA, AbdulAzeez S, Marimuthu K, Al-Juhaishi HAI, Borgio JF. Highly deleterious variations in COX1, CYTB, SCG5, FK2, PRL and PGF genes are the potential adaptation of the immigrated African ostrich population. Comput Biol Med 2018; 100:17-26. [PMID: 29960146 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of variable inconvenient living conditions in some places around the world, it is difficult to collect reliable physiological data for ostriches. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive in silico insight for the nature of polymorphism of important genetic loci that are related to physiological and reproductive traits. Sixty-nine mature ostriches ranging over half of Iraq were screened. Six exonic genetic loci, including cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1), cytochrome b (CYTB), secretogranin V (SCG5), feather keratin 2-like (FK2), prolactin (PRL) and placenta growth factor (PGF) were genotyped by PCR-single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Thirty-six novel SNPs, including seventeen nonsynonymous (ns) SNPs, were observed. Several computational software programs were utilized to assess the extent of the nsSNPs on their corresponding proteins structure, function and stability. The results showed several deleterious functional and stability changes in almost all the proteins studied. The total severity of each missense mutation was evaluated and compared with other nsSNPs accumulatively. It is evident from the extensive cumulative in silico computation that both p.E34D and p.E60K in PGF have the highest deleterious effect. The cumulative predictions from the present study are an impressive guide for the genotypes of African ostriches, which bypassed the expensive protocols for wet laboratory screening, to identify the effects of variants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of its kind on the analyses and prediction outcome of missense mutations in African ostrich populations. The highly deleterious nsSNPs in the placenta growth factor are possible adaptive mutations which might be associated with adaptation in extreme and new environments. The flow and protocol of the computational predictions can be extended for various wild animals to identify the molecular nature of adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Fadhil R Al-Kafajy
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Milad Ali Badi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kasi Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
| | | | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Amodi AM, Ghanem NZ, Aldakeel SA, Ibrahim Al Asoom L, Rafique Ahmed N, Almandil NB, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Shakil Akhtar M, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Ali AK, Borgio JF. Hemoglobin A 2 (HbA 2) has a measure of unreliability in diagnosing β-thalassemia trait (β-TT). Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:945-951. [PMID: 29383950 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1435520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of β-thalassemia trait or carriers (β-TT) depends significantly on an increase in Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) levels, which is found at low levels (<3%) in normal healthy individuals and elevated levels (≥3.5%) in β-TT individuals. The study was designed to evaluate the reliability of the diagnostic parameter HbA2 in the differentiation of β-TT and non-β-TT in Saudis. METHODS The widely used high performance liquid chromatography (Variant II Bio-Rad) was used to measure HbA2 levels in blood. Sanger sequencing was used to screen the variation in globin genes (HBB, HBD, HBA1, and HBA2). All the study subjects were divided into βTT and non-βTT (wild) categories based on the presence or absence of HBB variations and further sub-divided into false positive, true positive, false negative, and true negative, based on HbA2 values. RESULTS Out of 288 samples, 96 had HBB gene mutations. Of the 96 β-TT samples, sickle cell trait (SCT) samples (n = 58) were excluded, while the remaining (38 β-TT) were included in the detailed analysis: seven subjects with the HBB mutation had normal HbA2 (<3%), and three were borderline (3.1-3.9%). The remainder (n = 28) had an elevated HbA2 level (>4%). Based on HbA2 analysis alone, both these groups would be incorrectly diagnosed as normal. Similarly, of the 189 non-β-TT samples, 179 had normal HbA2, eight had borderline HbA2, and two had a HbA2 level above 4%. Based on HbA2 analysis alone, borderline and >4% HbA2 individuals, negative for β-TT, can be incorrectly diagnosed as carriers. CONCLUSION Given the percentage of samples falling in the HbA2 "borderline" and "normal" categories, it can be concluded that HbA2 has a measure of unreliability in the diagnosis of β-thalassemia carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Al-Amodi
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda Z Ghanem
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A Aldakeel
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- b Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique Ahmed
- b Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sana Al-Jarrash
- d Dammam Maternity and Child Hospital , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shakil Akhtar
- e Department of Biochemistry , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- e Department of Biochemistry , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
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Alaithan MA, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. A comprehensive review of the prevalence of beta globin gene variations and the co-inheritance of related gene variants in Saudi Arabians with beta-thalassemia. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:329-335. [PMID: 29619482 PMCID: PMC5938644 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.4.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia is a genetic disorder that is caused by variations in the beta-hemoglobin (HBB) gene. Saudi Arabia is among the countries most affected bybeta-thalassemia, and this is particularly problematic in the Eastern regions. This review article is an attempt to compile all the reported mutations to facilitate further national-level studies to prepare a Saudi repository of HBB gene variations. In Saudi Arabians, IVSI-5 (G greater than C) and Cd 39 (C greater than T) are the most prevalent HBB gene variations out of 42 variations. The coinheritance of HBB gene variations with ATRX, HBA1, HBA2, HBA12, AHSP, and KLF1 gene variations were observed to be common in the Saudi population. National surveys on the molecular nature of hemoglobinopathies should be set up through collaborations between research centers from various regions to create a well-documented molecular data bank. This data bank can be used to develop a premarital screening program and lead to the best treatment and prevention strategies for beta-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A Alaithan
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Al-Shuhaib MBS, Albakri AH, Alwan SH, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. Optimal pcr primers for rapid and accurate detection of Aspergillus flavus isolates. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:351-355. [PMID: 29427712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is among the most devastating opportunistic pathogens of several food crops including rice, due to its high production of carcinogenic aflatoxins. The presence of these organisms in economically important rice strip farming is a serious food safety concern. Several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers have been designed to detect this species; however, a comparative assessment of their accuracy has not been conducted. This study aims to identify the optimal diagnostic PCR primers for the identification of A. flavus, among widely available primers. We isolated 122 A. flavus native isolates from randomly collected rice strips (N = 300). We identified 109 isolates to the genus level using universal fungal PCR primer pairs. Nine pairs of primers were examined for their PCR diagnostic specificity on the 109 isolates. FLA PCR was found to be the optimal PCR primer pair for specific identification of the native isolates, over aflP(1), aflM, aflA, aflD, aflP(3), aflP(2), and aflR. The PEP primer pair was found to be the most unsuitable for A. flavus identification. In conclusion, the present study indicates the powerful specificity of the FLA PCR primer over other commonly available diagnostic primers for accurate, rapid, and large-scale identification of A. flavus native isolates. This study provides the first simple, practical comparative guide to PCR-based screening of A. flavus infection in rice strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim 51013, Babil, Iraq.
| | - Ali H Albakri
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al-Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq.
| | - Sabah H Alwan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al-Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq.
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Muslami AM, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Suliman AM, Al-Madan MS, Al-Ali AK. KLF1 gene and borderline hemoglobin A 2 in Saudi population. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:230-236. [PMID: 29379553 PMCID: PMC5778434 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.72245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated HbA2 (hemoglobin A2) level is considered the most reliable hematological parameter for the detection of β-thalassemia carriers. However, some carriers are difficult to recognize because the level of HbA2 is not in the distinctive carrier range, i.e. 4.0-6.0%; instead, some carriers have HbA2 levels between normal and carrier levels, i.e. borderline HbA2 (HbA2 = 3.1-3.9%). Studies have shown that variations in the erythroid Krüppel-like factor (KLF1) gene lead to borderline HbA2 in β-thalassemia carriers from various populations. The incidence of borderline HbA2 in Saudis is high. MATERIAL AND METHODS To confirm the influence of variations in KLF1, HBA1, HBA2 and HBB genes for the reduction of the level of HbA2 in Saudi β-thalassemia carriers, we performed a direct sequence analysis of KLF1, HBA1, HBA2 and HBB genes from 212 healthy Saudis (88 subjects: HbA2 < 3; 72 subjects: HbA2 = 3.1 to 3.9; 52 subjects HbA2 > 4.3). RESULTS The presence of the borderline HbA2 level is not specific to any type of β-thalassemia variation or β+-thalassemia variations in Saudis. Two exonic (c.304T>C and c.544T>C) and two 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) (c.*296G>A and c.*277C>G) variations have been identified in the KLF1 gene for the first time from an Arab population. None of these four variations in KLF1 genes are significantly associated with the Saudis with borderline HbA2. α Globin genotype, -α23.7/α1α2, is found to be the most frequent (55.55%) among healthy Saudis with borderline HbA2 compared with the other groups (HbA2 < 3 = 20.45%; HbA2 > 4.3 = 13.51%). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are necessary to determine the influence of other factors on the presence of borderline HbA2 in 41.67% of Saudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Muslami
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed M. Al-Suliman
- Al-Omran Scientific Chair for Hematological Diseases Prevalent in the Al-Ahssa Area, King Faisal University, Al-Ahssa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Madan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Borgio JF, Abdulazeez S, Almandil NB, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Suliman AM, Elfakharay HI, Qaw FS, Alabdrabalnabi FI, Alkhalifah MA, Shakil Akhtar M, Qutub H, Al-Ali AK. The ‑α3.7 deletion in α‑globin genes increases the concentration of fetal hemoglobin and hemoglobin A2 in a Saudi Arabian population. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1879-1884. [PMID: 29138844 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The regions of Al‑Qatif and Al‑Ahssa in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia are known for their high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, including β‑thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Previously, the α‑gene deletion has been demonstrated as highly prevalent among populations residing in these two regions. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the implications of the α‑globin gene deletion on fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and hemoglobin α2 (HbA2) concentrations in patients with transfusion‑dependent β‑thalassemia. A total of 166 Saudi patients with transfusion‑dependent β‑thalassemia and 337 healthy Saudi patients were included in the study. The ‑α3.7, ‑α4.2, -‑FIL, -‑SEA, -‑MED and -‑(20.5) gene deletions were identified using multiplex α‑globin deletion polymerase chain reaction. The present study revealed that the ‑α3.7 gene deletion is the most prevalent (43.5%) in the Saudi populations that were analyzed and is characterized by the deletion of 3,804 base pairs. Numerous genotypes, namely ‑3.7α2/α1α2, ‑3.7α2/α1α12, ‑3.7α2/‑3.7α2, ‑3.7α2HphI/α1α2HphI, ‑3.7α2/α1‑4.2, ‑3.7α2/α1polyA‑1α2, ‑3.7α12/α1α12, ‑‑FIL/‑3.7α2 and ‑3.7α2/‑3.7α2Hb Villiers le Bel were also identified in the investigated population. Furthermore, a gradual increase in the concentration of HbF and HbA2 in patients with β‑thalassemia and the number of α‑gene deletions was demonstrated; whereas in healthy patients the level of HbA2 was demonstrated to decrease as the number of α‑gene deletions increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the high HbF concentration in the present study is predominantly associated with other mutations associated with β‑thalassemia rather than α‑globin deletions. Furthermore, the results of the present study also revealed novel α‑gene deletion genotypes prevalent in the population studied, namely α1α2/α1α2HphI, α1α2HphI/α1α2HphI, α1α2/α1α2Hb Handsworth, ‑3.7α2HphI/α1α2HphI, ‑3.7α2/‑3.7α2Hb Villiers le Bel and ‑-MED/α1α2HphI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Abdulazeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sana Al-Jarrash
- Dammam Maternity and Child Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Suliman
- Al‑Omran Scientific Chair for Hematological Diseases Prevalent in The Al‑Ahssa Area, King Faisal University, Al‑Ahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fuad S Qaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammed Shakil Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Qutub
- King Fahd Hospital of The University, Al‑Khobar 34445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- Al‑Omran Scientific Chair for Hematological Diseases Prevalent in The Al‑Ahssa Area, King Faisal University, Al‑Ahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Alyousef YM, Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Masoud N, Al-Ali AA, Al-Shwaimi E, Al-Ali AK. Association of MBL2 Gene Polymorphism with Dental Caries in Saudi Children. Caries Res 2016; 51:12-16. [PMID: 27894112 DOI: 10.1159/000450963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of dental caries in children worldwide is a major oral health problem which requires early intervention. Dental caries is mainly caused by the action of acids produced by bacteria in addition to many other factors. Recent genetic studies have reported that a number of genes are associated with the susceptibility to dental caries. The majority of these genes are associated with inflammation, increased susceptibility to infection, and dentine matrix formation. Using the TaqMan assay and direct DNA sequencing, the prevalence of 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP9, MBL2, MMP2, and TIMP2 genes was determined in 102 children with caries and in 100 age-matched caries-free controls. Out of the 6 SNPs tested in the 4 selected genes, only rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort. In addition, haplotype analysis of the 6 SNPs tested revealed that certain haplotypes, namely GT of rs11003125G and rs7501477T and GT of rs7096206G and rs7501477T, were found to be associated with a high prevalence of dental caries in our cohort, while haplotype AG of rs17576A and rs7501477G was found to have a protective effect against dental caries. In conclusion, the data indicate that rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort, and 2 haplotypes are also involved in the increased susceptibility to dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Alyousef
- College of Dentistry, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Alpha-thalassemia (α-thal) is a disorder caused by the deletion of single or double α-globin genes, and/or point mutations in the α-globin genes. There are 2 common types of α-globin genes; HBA2 and HBA1. Recently, it has been discovered that the HBA2 gene is replaced by a unique HBA12 gene convert in 5.7% of the Saudi population. The α-globin genes have been emerging as a molecular target for the treatment of β-thalassemia (β-thal). Hence, it is essential to understand the molecular nature of α-globin genes to treat the most prevalent hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell disease, α-thal, and β-thal prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Thirty-two different α-globin genotypes have been observed in the Saudi population. This review outlines the classification of the α-globin genes on the basis of their molecular nature and complex combinations of α-globin genes, and their variants predominant in Saudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis Borgio
- Center for Research and Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Ali RA, Al-Madan MS, Al-Muhanna F, Al-Suliman AM, Al-Nafie A, Steinberg MH, Al-Ali AK. Mutations in the β-globin gene from a Saudi population: an update. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:e38-40. [PMID: 26822801 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Borgio
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ,
| | - S AbdulAzeez
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Naserullah
- Dammam Maternity and Child Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Al-Jarrash
- Dammam Maternity and Child Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - R A Al-Ali
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Al-Madan
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Al-Muhanna
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Al-Suliman
- King Fahd Hospital, King Faisal University, Al-Ahssa, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Al-Nafie
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Steinberg
- Centre of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A K Al-Ali
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Hospital, King Faisal University, Al-Ahssa, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Nafie AN, Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Suliman AM, Qaw FS, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Madan MS, Al-Ali RA, AlKhalifah MA, Al-Muhanna F, Steinberg MH, Al-Ali AK. Co-inheritance of novel ATRX gene mutation and globin (α & β) gene mutations in transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:27-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borgio JF, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Nafie AN, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Madan MS, Al-Muhanna F, Steinberg MH, Al-Ali AK. A novel HBA2 gene conversion in cis or trans: “α12 allele” in a Saudi population. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 53:199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Akhtar MS, Qaw F, Borgio JF, Albuali W, Suliman A, Nasserullah Z, Al-Jarrash S, Al-Ali A. Spectrum ofα-Thalassemia Mutations in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia Patients from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Hemoglobin 2013; 37:65-73. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2012.753510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Upadhyay SK, Chandrashekar K, Thakur N, Verma PC, Borgio JF, Singh PK, Tuli R. RNA interference for the control of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) by oral route. J Biosci 2011; 36:153-61. [PMID: 21451256 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing was explored for the control of sap-sucking pest Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as whitefly. dsRNAs and siRNAs were synthesized from five different genes - actin ortholog, ADP/ATP translocase, alpha-tubulin, ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) and V-ATPase A subunit. A simplified insect bioassay method was developed for the delivery of ds/siRNA through the oral route, and efficacy was evaluated. ds/siRNA caused 29-97% mortality after 6 days of feeding. Each insect ingested nearly 150 nl of insect diet per day, which contained a maximum of 6 ng of RNA. Knocking down the expression of RPL9 and V-ATPase A caused higher mortality with LC50 11.21 and 3.08 microg/ml, respectively, as compared to other genes. Semi-quantitative PCR of the treated insects showed significant decrease in the level of RPL9 and V-ATPase A transcripts. siRNAs were found stable in the insect diet for at least 7 days at the room temperature. Phloem-specific expression of dsRNAs of RPL9 and V-ATPase A in transgenic plants for the protection against whiteflies might be an interesting application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
- National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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