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Rosenthal ZC, Fass DM, Payne NC, She A, Patnaik D, Hennig KM, Tesla R, Werthmann GC, Guhl C, Reis SA, Wang X, Chen Y, Placzek M, Williams NS, Hooker J, Herz J, Mazitschek R, Haggarty SJ. Epigenetic modulation through BET bromodomain inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9064. [PMID: 38643236 PMCID: PMC11032351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with currently no disease-modifying treatment options available. Mutations in GRN are one of the most common genetic causes of FTD, near ubiquitously resulting in progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency. Small molecules that can restore PGRN protein to healthy levels in individuals bearing a heterozygous GRN mutation may thus have therapeutic value. Here, we show that epigenetic modulation through bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors (BETi) potently enhance PGRN protein levels, both intracellularly and secreted forms, in human central nervous system (CNS)-relevant cell types, including in microglia-like cells. In terms of potential for disease modification, we show BETi treatment effectively restores PGRN levels in neural cells with a GRN mutation known to cause PGRN haploinsufficiency and FTD. We demonstrate that BETi can rapidly and durably enhance PGRN in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in a manner dependent upon BET protein expression, suggesting a gain-of-function mechanism. We further describe a CNS-optimized BETi chemotype that potently engages endogenous BRD4 and enhances PGRN expression in neuronal cells. Our results reveal a new epigenetic target for treating PGRN-deficient forms of FTD and provide mechanistic insight to aid in translating this discovery into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Rosenthal
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Fass
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Connor Payne
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela She
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krista M Hennig
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Tesla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gordon C Werthmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Surya A Reis
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yueting Chen
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Placzek
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Precision Therapeutics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Watson PR, Hooker J, Christianson DW. Aromatic C‐F Interactions Influence Binding Mode of Inhibitors in HDAC6. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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3
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Ang YS, Cusin C, Petibon Y, Dillon DG, Breiger M, Belleau EL, Normandin M, Schroder H, Boyden S, Hayden E, Levine MT, Jahan A, Meyer AK, Kang MS, Brunner D, Gelda SE, Hooker J, El Fakhri G, Fava M, Pizzagalli DA. A multi-pronged investigation of option generation using depression, PET and modafinil. Brain 2022; 145:1854-1865. [PMID: 35150243 PMCID: PMC9166534 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Option generation is a critical process in decision making, but previous studies have largely focused on choices between options given by a researcher. Consequently, how we self-generate options for behaviour remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated option generation in major depressive disorder and how dopamine might modulate this process, as well as the effects of modafinil (a putative cognitive enhancer) on option generation in healthy individuals. We first compared differences in self-generated options between healthy non-depressed adults [n = 44, age = 26.3 years (SD 5.9)] and patients with major depressive disorder [n = 54, age = 24.8 years (SD 7.4)]. In the second study, a subset of depressed individuals [n = 22, age = 25.6 years (SD 7.8)] underwent PET scans with 11C-raclopride to examine the relationships between dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and individual differences in option generation. Finally, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover study of modafinil (100 mg and 200 mg), was conducted in an independent sample of healthy people [n = 19, age = 23.2 years (SD 4.8)] to compare option generation under different doses of this drug. The first study revealed that patients with major depressive disorder produced significantly fewer options [t(96) = 2.68, P = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.54], albeit with greater uniqueness [t(96) = -2.54, P = 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.52], on the option generation task compared to healthy controls. In the second study, we found that 11C-raclopride binding potential in the putamen was negatively correlated with fluency (r = -0.69, P = 0.001) but positively associated with uniqueness (r = 0.59, P = 0.007). Hence, depressed individuals with higher densities of unoccupied putamen D2/D3 receptors in the putamen generated fewer but more unique options, whereas patients with lower D2/D3 receptor availability were likely to produce a larger number of similar options. Finally, healthy participants were less unique [F(2,36) = 3.32, P = 0.048, partial η2 = 0.16] and diverse [F(2,36) = 4.31, P = 0.021, partial η2 = 0.19] after taking 200 mg versus 100 mg and 0 mg of modafinil, while fluency increased linearly with dosage at a trend level [F(1,18) = 4.11, P = 0.058, partial η2 = 0.19]. Our results show, for the first time, that option generation is affected in clinical depression and that dopaminergic activity in the putamen of patients with major depressive disorder may play a key role in the self-generation of options. Modafinil was also found to influence option generation in healthy people by reducing the creativity of options produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Siang Ang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoann Petibon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Micah Breiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Emily L Belleau
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marc Normandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hans Schroder
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sean Boyden
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emma Hayden
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Taylor Levine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aava Jahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashley K Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Min Su Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Devon Brunner
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Steven E Gelda
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Correspondence to: Diego A. Pizzagalli, PhD McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA E-mail:
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Paganoni S, Alshikho MJ, Luppino S, Chan J, Pothier L, Schoenfeld D, Andres PL, Babu S, Zürcher NR, Loggia ML, Barry RL, Luotti S, Nardo G, Trolese MC, Pantalone S, Bendotti C, Bonetto V, De Marchi F, Rosen B, Hooker J, Cudkowicz M, Atassi N. A pilot trial of RNS60 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:303-308. [PMID: 30458059 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RNS60 is a novel immune-modulatory agent that has shown neuroprotective effects in amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) preclinical models. RNS60 is administered by weekly intravenous infusion and daily nebulization. The objective of this pilot open-label trial was to test the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of long-term RNS60 administration in ALS patients. METHODS The planned treatment duration was 23 weeks and the primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes included PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and plasma biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS Sixteen participants with ALS received RNS60 and 13 (81%) completed 23 weeks of RNS60 treatment. There were no serious adverse events and no participants withdrew from the trial due to drug-related adverse events. There were no significant changes in the biomarkers. DISCUSSION Long-term RNS60 administration was safe and well-tolerated. A large, multicenter, phase II trial of RNS60 is currently enrolling participants to test the effects of RNS60 on ALS biomarkers and disease progression. Muscle Nerve 59:303-308, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paganoni
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohamad J Alshikho
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Luppino
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - James Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay Pothier
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia L Andres
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Luotti
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Serena Pantalone
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Nazem Atassi
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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Albrecht D, Ahmed S, Kettner N, Borra R, Cohen-Adad J, Deng H, Houle T, Opalacz A, Roth S, Melo MV, Chen L, Mao J, Hooker J, Loggia ML, Zhang Y. Neuroinflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots in chronic radicular pain patients. Pain 2018; 159:968-977. [PMID: 29419657 PMCID: PMC5908728 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical studies support the role of spinal neuroimmune activation in the pathogenesis of chronic pain, and targeting glia (eg, microglia/astrocyte)- or macrophage-mediated neuroinflammatory responses effectively prevents or reverses the establishment of persistent nocifensive behaviors in laboratory animals. However, thus far, the translation of those findings into novel treatments for clinical use has been hindered by the scarcity of data supporting the role of neuroinflammation in human pain. Here, we show that patients suffering from a common chronic pain disorder (lumbar radiculopathy), compared with healthy volunteers, exhibit elevated levels of the neuroinflammation marker 18 kDa translocator protein, in both the neuroforamina (containing dorsal root ganglion and nerve roots) and spinal cord. These elevations demonstrated a pattern of spatial specificity correlating with the patients' clinical presentation, as they were observed in the neuroforamen ipsilateral to the symptomatic leg (compared with both contralateral neuroforamen in the same patients as well as to healthy controls) and in the most caudal spinal cord segments, which are known to process sensory information from the lumbosacral nerve roots affected in these patients (compared with more superior segments). Furthermore, the neuroforaminal translocator protein signal was associated with responses to fluoroscopy-guided epidural steroid injections, supporting its role as an imaging marker of neuroinflammation, and highlighting the clinical significance of these observations. These results implicate immunoactivation at multiple levels of the nervous system as a potentially important and clinically relevant mechanism in human radicular pain, and suggest that therapies targeting immune cell activation may be beneficial for chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Albrecht
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Shihab Ahmed
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Norman Kettner
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, 63017
| | - Ronald Borra
- Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Timothy Houle
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Arissa Opalacz
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Sarah Roth
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Marcos Vidal Melo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Lucy Chen
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Jacob Hooker
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129
| | - Marco L Loggia
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129
| | - Yi Zhang
- MGH Translational Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
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Albrecht D, Kim M, Torrado-Carvajal A, Akeju O, Edwards R, Wasan A, Zhang Y, Bergan C, Protsenko E, Hooker J, Napadow V, Loggia M. Glial activation in chronic back pain: replication of the original observation and association with negative affect. The Journal of Pain 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Linnman C, Catana C, Petkov MP, Chonde DB, Becerra L, Hooker J, Borsook D. Molecular and functional PET-fMRI measures of placebo analgesia in episodic migraine: Preliminary findings. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 17:680-690. [PMID: 29255671 PMCID: PMC5725156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pain interventions with no active ingredient, placebo, are sometimes effective in treating chronic pain conditions. Prior studies on the neurobiological underpinnings of placebo analgesia indicate endogenous opioid release and changes in brain responses and functional connectivity during pain anticipation and pain experience in healthy subjects. Here, we investigated placebo analgesia in healthy subjects and in interictal migraine patients (n = 9) and matched healthy controls (n = 9) using 11C-diprenoprhine Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and simultaneous functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Intravenous saline injections (the placebo) led to lower pain ratings, but we did not find evidence for an altered placebo response in interictal migraine subjects as compared to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clas Linnman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mike P Petkov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Burje Chonde
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lino Becerra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.; Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.; Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sokhi D, Jamal I, Mativo P, Hooker J, Wallin M. Diagnostic audit of the largest cohort of multiple sclerosis cases in Kenya referred to a tertiary hospital in Nairobi. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Keliher EJ, Ye YX, Wojtkiewicz GR, Aguirre AD, Tricot B, Senders ML, Groenen H, Fay F, Perez-Medina C, Calcagno C, Carlucci G, Reiner T, Sun Y, Courties G, Iwamoto Y, Kim HY, Wang C, Chen JW, Swirski FK, Wey HY, Hooker J, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M. Polyglucose nanoparticles with renal elimination and macrophage avidity facilitate PET imaging in ischaemic heart disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14064. [PMID: 28091604 PMCID: PMC5241815 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophage numbers vary during health versus disease. Abundant inflammatory macrophages destruct tissues, leading to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Emerging therapeutic options create interest in monitoring macrophages in patients. Here we describe positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-Macroflor, a modified polyglucose nanoparticle with high avidity for macrophages. Due to its small size, Macroflor is excreted renally, a prerequisite for imaging with the isotope flourine-18. The particle's short blood half-life, measured in three species, including a primate, enables macrophage imaging in inflamed cardiovascular tissues. Macroflor enriches in cardiac and plaque macrophages, thereby increasing PET signal in murine infarcts and both mouse and rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. In PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments, Macroflor PET imaging detects changes in macrophage population size while molecular MRI reports on increasing or resolving inflammation. These data suggest that Macroflor PET/MRI could be a clinical tool to non-invasively monitor macrophage biology. In vivo imaging of inflammation is crucial for detection and monitoring of many pathologies and noninvasive macrophage quantification has been suggested as a possible approach. Here Keliher et al. describe novel polyglucose nanoparticle tracers that are rapidly excreted by the kidney and with high affinity for macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Keliher
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yu-Xiang Ye
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Aaron D Aguirre
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Tricot
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Max L Senders
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Groenen
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Francois Fay
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Medina
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Hye-Yeong Kim
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Alpert 536, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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10
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Yen YF, Da X, Catana C, Ou Y, Hooker J, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Rosen B, Batchelor T, Gerstner E. NIMG-42. PENETRATION OF RADIOLABELED TEMOZOLOMIDE CORRELATES WITH CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GBM TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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Kumar V, Boucher Y, Liu H, Ferreira D, Hooker J, Catana C, Hoover AJ, Ritter T, Jain RK, Guimaraes AR. Noninvasive Assessment of Losartan-Induced Increase in Functional Microvasculature and Drug Delivery in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:431-437. [PMID: 27751347 PMCID: PMC5067928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, can reduce desmoplasia and enhance drug delivery and efficacy through improving interstitial transport and vascular perfusion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) and micro–positron emission tomography (PET) measurements could respectively detect improvements in tumor vascular parameters and drug uptake in orthotopic PDAC in mice treated with losartan. METHOD AND MATERIALS: All experiments were approved by the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. FVB mice with orthotopic PDAC were treated daily with an i.p. injection of losartan (70 mg/kg) or saline (control vehicle) for 5 days. In order to calculate the fractional blood volume, vessel size index, and vessel density index, MRI was performed at 4.7 T following the injection of 3 mg/kg iron ferumoxytol (i.v.). Dynamic PET images were also acquired for 60 minutes using an 18F-5FU tracer dose of 200 μCi and analyzed for time activity curves normalized to muscle. Statistical analyses compared both cohorts using an unpaired two-tailed t test. RESULTS: In comparison to the control treatment, the losartan administration significantly increased the fractional blood volume (mean ± SEM) [12.1 ± 1.7 (n = 19) vs 6.7 ± 1.1 (n = 20); P < .02] and vessel size index (128.2 ± 35.6 vs 57.5 ± 18; P < .05). Losartan also induced a significant increase in the intratumoral uptake of 18F-5FU by 53% (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: MRI using FDA-approved MNPs provides a noninvasive, translatable means of assaying microvascular parameters induced by losartan in pancreatic cancer. PET measurements demonstrated that losartan significantly increased the uptake of 18F-5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Kumar
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Yves Boucher
- E.L. Steele Laboratories Department of Radiation Oncology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital 100 Blossom Street, Cox 7 Boston, MA 02114
- Address all correspondence to: Alexander R. Guimaraes, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Section Chief, Body Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L340, Office SJH 10B77, Portland, OR, 97239, or Yves Boucher, PhD, Steele Lab for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129.Department of Diagnostic RadiologyOregon Health Sciences UniversitySteele Lab for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L340, Office SJH 10B77PortlandOR97239
| | - Hao Liu
- E.L. Steele Laboratories Department of Radiation Oncology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital 100 Blossom Street, Cox 7 Boston, MA 02114
| | - Diego Ferreira
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Andrew J. Hoover
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut fü r Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mü lheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- E.L. Steele Laboratories Department of Radiation Oncology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital 100 Blossom Street, Cox 7 Boston, MA 02114
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Division of Body Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR
- Address all correspondence to: Alexander R. Guimaraes, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Section Chief, Body Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L340, Office SJH 10B77, Portland, OR, 97239, or Yves Boucher, PhD, Steele Lab for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129.Department of Diagnostic RadiologyOregon Health Sciences UniversitySteele Lab for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L340, Office SJH 10B77PortlandOR97239
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12
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Kim RG, Nguyen P, Bettencourt R, Dulai PS, Haufe W, Hooker J, Minocha J, Valasek MA, Aryafar H, Brenner DA, Sirlin CB, Loomba R. Magnetic resonance elastography identifies fibrosis in adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency liver disease: a prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:287-99. [PMID: 27279429 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist on the clinical presentation and non-invasive detection of liver fibrosis in adults with homozygous Z genotype alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. AIMS To compare demographic, biochemical, histological and imaging data of AAT deficient patients to normal-control and biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in detecting fibrosis in AAT deficiency. METHODS Study includes 33 participants, 11 per group, who underwent clinical research evaluation, liver biopsy (AAT and NAFLD groups), and MRE. Histological fibrosis was quantified using a modified Ishak 6-point scale and liver stiffness by MRE. Diagnostic performance of MRE in detecting fibrosis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Mean (±s.d.) of age and BMI of normal-control, AAT and NAFLD groups was 57 (±19), 57 (±18), and 57 (±13) years, and 22.7 (±2.5), 24.8 (±4.0) and 31.0 (±5.1) kg/m(2) respectively. Serum ALT [mean ± s.d.] was similar within normal-control [16.4 ± 4.0] and AAT groups [23.5 ± 10.8], but was significantly lower in AAT than NAFLD even after adjustment for stage of fibrosis (P < 0.05, P = 0.0172). For fibrosis detection, MRE-estimated stiffness had an area under the ROC curve of 0.90 (P < 0.0001); an MRE threshold of ≥3.0 kPa provided 88.9% accuracy, with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity to detect presence of any fibrosis (stage ≥1). CONCLUSIONS This pilot prospective study suggests magnetic resonance elastography may be accurate for identifying fibrosis in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Larger validation studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Kim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Bettencourt
- Department of Medicine, NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Haufe
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Minocha
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M A Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Aryafar
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D A Brenner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C B Sirlin
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Loomba
- Department of Medicine, NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Heidari P, Szretter A, Rushford LE, Stevens M, Collier L, Sore J, Hooker J, Mahmood U. Design, construction and testing of a low-cost automated (68)Gallium-labeling synthesis unit for clinical use. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 6:176-184. [PMID: 27508104 PMCID: PMC4965522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interest in (68)Gallium labeled PET probes continues to increase around the world. Widespread use in Europe and Asia has led to great interest for use at numerous sites in the US. One barrier to entry is the cost of the automated synthesis units for relatively simple labeling procedures. We describe the construction and testing of a relatively low-cost automated (68)Ga-labeling unit for human-use. We provide a guide for construction, including part lists and synthesis timelists to facilitate local implementation. Such inexpensive systems could help increase use around the globe and in the US in particular by removing one of the barriers to greater widespread availability. The developed automated synthesis unit reproducibly synthesized (68)Ga-DOTATOC with average yield of 71 ± 8% and a radiochemical purity ≥ 95% in a synthesis time of 25 ± 1 minutes. Automated product yields are comparable to that of manual synthesis. We demonstrate in-house construction and use of a low-cost automated synthesis unit for labeling of DOTATOC and similar peptides with (68)Gallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Heidari
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alicia Szretter
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura E Rushford
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maria Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lee Collier
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Judit Sore
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114, USA
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14
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Gerstner E, Izquierdo D, Ou Y, Emblem K, Cai X, Da X, Chonde D, Martin N, Hooker J, Catana C, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Rosen B, Batchelor T. NIMG-29RADIOLABELED TEMOZOLOMIDE CAN MEASURE BEVACIZUMAB INDUCED VASCULAR MODULATION IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GBM. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov225.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Catana C, Chonde DB, Chen KT, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Bowen S, Hooker J, Roffman J. Combined MR-assisted motion and partial volume effects corrections - impact on PET data quantification. EJNMMI Phys 2014; 1:A38. [PMID: 26501625 PMCID: PMC4545226 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-1-s1-a38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Daniel B Chonde
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin T Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Spencer Bowen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Roffman
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Kragujevac, MA, USA
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Asseng S, Ewert F, Rosenzweig C, Jones JW, Hatfield JL, Ruane AC, Boote KJ, Thorburn PJ, Rötter RP, Cammarano D, Brisson N, Basso B, Martre P, Aggarwal PK, Angulo C, Bertuzzi P, Biernath C, Challinor AJ, Doltra J, Gayler S, Goldberg R, Grant R, Heng L, Hooker J, Hunt LA, Ingwersen J, Izaurralde RC, Kersebaum KC, Müller C, Naresh Kumar S, Nendel C, O’Leary G, Olesen JE, Osborne TM, Palosuo T, Priesack E, Ripoche D, Semenov MA, Shcherbak I, Steduto P, Stöckle C, Stratonovitch P, Streck T, Supit I, Tao F, Travasso M, Waha K, Wallach D, White JW, Williams JR, Wolf J. Uncertainty in simulating wheat yields under climate change. Nature Clim Change 2013. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang YL, Hennig K, Gale JP, Hong Y, Cha A, Riley M, Wagner F, Haggarty SJ, Holson E, Hooker J. Class I HDAC imaging using [ (3)H]CI-994 autoradiography. Epigenetics 2013; 8:756-64. [PMID: 23803584 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
[ (3)H]CI-994, a radioactive isotopologue of the benzamide CI-994, a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), was evaluated as an autoradiography probe for ex vivo labeling and localizing of class I HDAC (isoforms 1-3) in the rodent brain. After protocol optimization, up to 80% of total binding was attributed to specific binding. Notably, like other benzamide HDACi, [ (3)H]CI-994 exhibits slow binding kinetics when measured in vitro with isolated enzymes and ex vivo when used for autoradiographic mapping of HDAC1-3 density. The regional distribution and density of HDAC1-3 was determined through a series of saturation and kinetics experiments. The binding properties of [ (3)H]CI-994 to HDAC1-3 were characterized and the data were used to determine the regional Bmax of the target proteins. Kd values, determined from slice autoradiography, were between 9.17 and 15.6 nM. The HDAC1-3 density (Bmax), averaged over whole brain sections, was of 12.9 picomol · mg(-1) protein. The highest HDAC1-3 density was found in the cerebellum, followed by hippocampus and cortex. Moderate to low receptor density was found in striatum, hypothalamus and thalamus. These data were correlated with semi-quantitative measures of each HDAC isoform using western blot analysis and it was determined that autoradiographic images most likely represent the sum of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 protein density. In competition experiments, [ (3)H]CI-994 binding can be dose-dependently blocked with other HDAC inhibitors, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). In summary, we have developed the first known autoradiography tool for imaging class I HDAC enzymes. Although validated in the CNS, [ (3)H]CI-994 will be applicable and beneficial to other target tissues and can be used to evaluate HDAC inhibition in tissues for novel therapies being developed. [ (3)H]CI-994 is now an enabling imaging tool to study the relationship between diseases and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Reid AE, Kim SW, Seiner B, Fowler FW, Hooker J, Ferrieri R, Babst B, Fowler JS. Radiosynthesis of C-11 labeled auxin (3-indolyl[1-11C]acetic acid) and its derivatives from gramine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tonge PJ, Ende C, Knudson S, Luckner S, Reddy BG, England K, Liu L, Borgaro J, Liu N, Pan P, Lu H, Li H, Fowler J, Kisker C, Slayden RA, Hooker J. Slow Onset Inhibitors of Bacterial Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: Residence Time, In Vivo Activity and In Vivo Imaging. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.71.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suan Knudson
- Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Sylvia Luckner
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of WurzburgWurzburgGermany
| | | | - Kathleen England
- Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
| | - Li Liu
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
| | | | - Nina Liu
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
| | - Pan Pan
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
| | - Hao Lu
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
| | | | | | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of WurzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO
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Borgaro J, Liu L, Hooker J, Tonge P. The Use of Short lived Isotopes for Exploring Drug Binding Partners of Isoniazid in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.681.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Liu
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
| | | | - Peter Tonge
- ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY
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Reid AE, Hooker J, Shumay E, Logan J, Shea C, Kim SW, Collins S, Xu Y, Volkow N, Fowler JS. Evaluation of 6-([(18)F]fluoroacetamido)-1-hexanoicanilide for PET imaging of histone deacetylase in the baboon brain. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:247-58. [PMID: 19324270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications that shift the balance toward chromatin condensation and silencing of gene expression. Here, we evaluate the utility of 6-([(18)F]fluoroacetamido)-1-hexanoicanilide ([(18)F]FAHA) for positron emission tomography imaging of HDAC activity in the baboon brain. For this purpose, we assessed its in vivo biodistribution, sensitivity to HDAC inhibition, metabolic stability and the distribution of the putative metabolite [(18)F]fluoroacetate ([(18)F]FAC). METHODS [(18)F]FAHA and its metabolite [(18)F]FAC were prepared, and their in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics were determined in baboons. [(18)F]FAHA metabolism and its sensitivity to HDAC inhibition using suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) were assessed in arterial plasma and by in vitro incubation studies. The chemical form of F-18 in rodent brain was assessed by ex vivo studies. Distribution volumes for [(18)F]FAHA in the brain were derived. RESULTS [(18)F]FAHA was rapidly metabolized to [(18)F]FAC, and both labeled compounds entered the brain. [(18)F]FAHA exhibited regional differences in brain uptake and kinetics. In contrast, [(18)F]FAC showed little variation in regional brain uptake and kinetics. A kinetic analysis that takes into account the uptake of peripherally produced [(18)F]FAC indicated that SAHA inhibited binding of [(18)F]FAHA in the baboon brain dose-dependently. In vitro studies demonstrated SAHA-sensitive metabolism of [(18)F]FAHA to [(18)F]FAC within the cell and diffusion of [(18)F]FAC out of the cell. All radioactivity in brain homogenate from rodents was [(18)F]FAC at 7 min postinjection of [(18)F]FAHA. CONCLUSION The rapid metabolism of [(18)F]FAHA to [(18)F]FAC in the periphery complicates the quantitative analysis of HDAC in the brain. However, dose-dependent blocking studies with SAHA and kinetic modeling indicated that a specific interaction of [(18)F]FAHA in the brain was observed. Validating the nature of this interaction as HDAC specific will require additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Reid
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Geser F, Seppi K, Stampfer-Kountchev M, Köllensperger M, Diem A, Ndayisaba JP, Ostergaard K, Dupont E, Cardozo A, Tolosa E, Abele M, Dodel R, Klockgether T, Ghorayeb I, Yekhlef F, Tison F, Daniels C, Kopper F, Deuschl G, Coelho M, Ferreira J, Rosa MM, Sampaio C, Bozi M, Schrag A, Hooker J, Kim H, Scaravilli T, Mathias CJ, Fowler C, Wood N, Quinn N, Widner H, Nilsson CF, Lindvall O, Schimke N, Eggert KM, Oertel W, del Sorbo F, Carella F, Albanese A, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Djaldetti R, Meco G, Colosimo C, Gonzalez-Mandly A, Berciano J, Gurevich T, Giladi N, Galitzky M, Ory F, Rascol O, Kamm C, Buerk K, Maass S, Gasser T, Poewe W, Wenning GK. The European Multiple System Atrophy-Study Group (EMSA-SG). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 112:1677-86. [PMID: 16049636 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The European Multiple System Atrophy-Study Group (EMSA-SG) is an academic network comprising 23 centers across Europe and Israel that has constituted itself already in January 1999. This international forum of established experts under the guidance of the University Hospital of Innsbruck as coordinating center is supported by the 5th framework program of the European Union since March 2001 (QLK6-CT-2000-00661). Objectives. Primary goals of the network include (1) a central Registry for European multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, (2) a decentralized DNA Bank, (3) the development and validation of the novel Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS), (4) the conduction of a Natural History Study (NHS), and (5) the planning or implementation of interventional therapeutic trials. Methods. The EMSA-SG Registry is a computerized data bank localized at the coordinating centre in Innsbruck collecting diagnostic and therapeutic data of MSA patients. Blood samples of patients and controls are recruited into the DNA Bank. The UMSARS is a novel specific rating instrument that has been developed and validated by the EMSA-SG. The NHS comprises assessments of basic anthropometric data as well as a range of scales including the UMSARS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), measures of global disability, Red Flag list, MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), quality of live measures, i.e. EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D) and Medical Outcome Study Short Form (SF-36) as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In a subgroup of patients dysautonomic features are recorded in detail using the Queen Square Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Test Battery, the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS) and measurements of residual urinary volume. Most of these measures are repeated at 6-monthly follow up visits for a total study period of 24 months. Surrogate markers of the disease progression are identified by the EMSA-SG using magnetic resonance and diffusion weighted imaging (MRI and DWI, respectively). Results. 412 patients have been recruited into the Registry so far. Probable MSA-P was the most common diagnosis (49% of cases). 507 patients donated DNA for research. 131 patients have been recruited into the NHS. There was a rapid deterioration of the motor disorder (in particular akinesia) by 26.1% of the UMSARS II, and - to a lesser degree - of activities of daily living by 16.8% of the UMSARS I in relation to the respective baseline scores. Motor progression was associated with low motor or global disability as well as low akinesia or cerebellar subscores at baseline. Mental function did not deteriorate during this short follow up period. Conclusion. For the first time, prospective data concerning disease progression are available. Such data about the natural history and prognosis of MSA as well as surrogate markers of disease process allow planning and implementation of multi-centre phase II/III neuroprotective intervention trials within the next years more effectively. Indeed, a trial on growth hormone in MSA has just been completed, and another on minocycline will be completed by the end of this year.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Geser
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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Montero G, Hinks D, Hooker J. Reducing problems of cyclic trimer deposits in supercritical carbon dioxide polyester dyeing machinery. J Supercrit Fluids 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8446(02)00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hooker J. Business Planning for Healthcare Management (2nd Edn) by C. Semple Piggot. Open University Press, 2000. f18.99 p/b; f55.00 h/b. 176 pp. ISBN: 0335 20647 6 p/b;0335 20648 4 h/b. J Nurs Manag 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2834.2001.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hooker J. Relative's consent to treatment of patient is not needed. BMJ 1998; 317:1386. [PMID: 9812948 PMCID: PMC1114261 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sigounas G, Hooker J, Anagnostou A, Steiner M. S-allylmercaptocysteine inhibits cell proliferation and reduces the viability of erythroleukemia, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines. Nutr Cancer 1997; 27:186-91. [PMID: 9121948 DOI: 10.1080/01635589709514523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds are the biologically active components of allium vegetables. Many health benefits have been ascribed to them, including inhibition of carcinogenesis. Inasmuch as several of these thioallyl compounds are quite unstable and others are rapidly inactivated in the body, we have investigated one of the stable components present in aged garlic extract, S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), in an effort to determine whether it can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. Proliferation and viability of two erythroleukemia cell lines, HEL and OCIM-1, two hormone-responsive breast and prostate cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and CRL-1740, respectively, and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to different concentrations of SAMC were studied for up to two weeks. There were variations in sensitivity to this organosulfur compound in the different cell lines examined, but the two hormone-responsive cancer cell lines of breast and prostate clearly were far more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory influence of the thioallyl compound. The antiproliferative effect of SAMC was limited to actively growing cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells that had reached confluence escaped the reduction in viability so noticeable in the cancer cell lines tested. Our studies thus give evidence of a direct effect of SAMC on established cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sigounas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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de Vente J, Kiley S, Garris T, Bryant W, Hooker J, Posekany K, Parker P, Cook P, Fletcher D, Ways DK. Phorbol ester treatment of U937 cells with altered protein kinase C content and distribution induces cell death rather than differentiation. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:371-82. [PMID: 7794805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta, an atypical PKC isoform, in U937 cells stimulates certain parameters of phenotypic maturation and increases expression of endogenous alpha and beta PKC isoforms. In response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), parental U937 cells displayed growth arrest and differentiated into a monocyte/macrophage-like cell line, while PKC-zeta cells underwent death. The ability of GF109203X to inhibit TPA-induced death of PKC-zeta cells suggested that activation of a conventional isoform was necessary to induce apoptosis. While exhibiting unique morphological changes, parameters indicative of a further degree of differentiation were not observed in TPA-treated PKC-zeta cells. TPA-induced down-regulation of PKC activity was similar in both cells. While modest quantitative differences in individual isoform down-regulation existed, intracellular localization of isoforms prior to activation differed significantly between U937 and PKC-zeta cells. Expression of gadd45 was induced by TPA in PKC-zeta but not parental cells and occurred as a primary response to TPA and prior to the onset of cell death. These data suggest that the decision of a cell to undergo death or differentiation in response to phorbol esters may, in part, be modulated by alterations within the PKC signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Vente
- Department of Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4354, USA
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Ways DK, Posekany K, deVente J, Garris T, Chen J, Hooker J, Qin W, Cook P, Fletcher D, Parker P. Overexpression of protein kinase C-zeta stimulates leukemic cell differentiation. Cell Growth Differ 1994; 5:1195-203. [PMID: 7848921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A function for protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta), a member of the phorbol ester nonresponsive atypical protein kinase C subfamily, in modulating differentiation was examined in the leukemic U937 cell. Transfected U937 cells stably overexpressing PKC-zeta displayed a longer doubling time, lower saturation density at confluency, and an increase in adherence to plastic as compared to control cells. PKC-zeta cells expressed a more differentiated phenotype as assessed by changes in morphology, surface antigen expression, and lysosomal enzyme activities and were distinct from parental U937 cells stimulated to differentiate by exposure to phorbol esters. In contrast to parental U937 cells, PKC-zeta cells constitutively expressed mRNA transcripts for c-jun and a low mobility AP-1 binding activity. Thus, PKC-zeta overexpression stimulates a type of phenotypic differentiation that differs significantly from maturation occurring upon activation of other PKC subfamilies induced by phorbol ester treatment. Increased expression of the c-jun protooncogene and an increase in AP-1 binding activity in PKC-zeta cells provides a potential mechanism for explaining the altered differentiation status of this cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Ways
- Department of Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4354
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