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Olmedo GM, Debes MA, Sepúlveda M, Ramallo J, Rapisarda VA, Cerioni L, Volentini SI. Overcoming lemon postharvest molds caused by Penicillium spp. multiresistant isolates by the application of potassium sorbate in aqueous and wax treatments. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37249091 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the main causal agents of postharvest diseases in lemon. Over the last decades, the appearance of isolates resistant to the main commercial fungicides has been considered one of the most serious problems for the citrus industry. In this work, potassium sorbate (KS) was evaluated as an alternative to chemical fungicides to control postharvest diseases caused by Penicillium isolates resistant to imazalil, thiabendazol, and pyrimethanil. In vitro assays showed that 1% KS inhibited conidia germination and mycelial growth of sensitive and resistant P. digitatum and P. italicum isolates, being this effect stronger at pH 5 than at pH 9. In curative treatments, the immersion of inoculated lemons in 1% KS aqueous solution for 30 s reduced green and blue molds incidences by around 80%. No wound protection effect was observed when wounded lemons were immersed in 3% salt solution before inoculation. Noteworthy, the inclusion of KS in a commercial wax coating effectively controlled green and blue molds, even in decays caused by fungicide resistance isolates. Together, results encourage the use of KS in lemon postharvest treatments to contribute to the management of resistant strains, which represent a major challenge in packinghouses worldwide. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The use of KS in citrus postharvest treatments would help producers to reduce spoilage caused by Penicillium fungicide-resistant strains. The inclusion of this generally recognized as safe compound in wax coatings improves its persistence on the fruit surface, keeping product quality during long-term overseas transport. In sum, KS constitutes an affordable and eco-friendly option for controlling postharvest molds in lemon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Olmedo
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario A Debes
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Milena Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Ramallo
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Rapisarda
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana Cerioni
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sabrina I Volentini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Olmedo GM, Baigorria CG, Ramallo AC, Sepulveda M, Ramallo J, Volentini SI, Rapisarda VA, Cerioni L. Inhibition of the lemon brown rot causal agent Phytophthora citrophthora by low-toxicity compounds. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3613-3619. [PMID: 33275277 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora spp., soil-borne oomycetes, cause brown rot (BR) on postharvest lemons. The management of this disease is based on cultural practices and chemical control using inorganic salts of limited efficacy. In the search for new alternatives, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of low-toxicity compounds to inhibit the growth of P. citrophthora and to control BR disease on lemons. Sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, polyhexamethylene guanidine, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and a formulation containing phosphite salts plus A. nodosum (P+An) were evaluated. RESULTS All tested products inhibited mycelial growth, sporangia formation and zoospore germination of P. citrophthora in vitro. In postharvest applications on artificially inoculated lemons, only P+An exhibited a BR curative effect, with incidence reduction of around 60%. When this formulation was applied in field treatments, BR incidence was reduced by 40% on lemons harvested and inoculated up to 30 days post application. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the in vitro direct anti-oomycete effect of low-toxicity compounds and the in vivo efficacy of P+An formulation to control BR, encouraging the incorporation of the latter in the management of citrus BR. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Olmedo
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carina G Baigorria
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana C Ramallo
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Milena Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Ramallo
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sabrina I Volentini
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Rapisarda
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana Cerioni
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, CONICET-UNT, and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), and Instituto de Química Biológica 'Dr Bernabé Bloj', San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Olmedo GM, Cerioni L, Sepulveda M, Ramallo J, Rapisarda VA, Volentini SI. Polyhexamethylene guanidine as a fungicide, disinfectant and wound protector in lemons challenged with Penicillium digitatum. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Perez MF, Contreras L, Garnica NM, Fernández-Zenoff MV, Farías ME, Sepulveda M, Ramallo J, Dib JR. Native Killer Yeasts as Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Fungal Diseases in Lemons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165590. [PMID: 27792761 PMCID: PMC5085023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses caused by postharvest diseases represent one of the main problems of the citrus industry worldwide. The major diseases affecting citrus are the "green mold" and "blue mold", caused by Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum, respectively. To control them, synthetic fungicides are the most commonly used method. However, often the emergence of resistant strains occurs and their use is becoming more restricted because of toxic effects and environmental pollution they generate, combined with trade barriers to international markets. The aim of this work was to isolate indigenous killer yeasts with antagonistic activity against fungal postharvest diseases in lemons, and to determine their control efficiency in in vitro and in vivo assays. Among 437 yeast isolates, 8.5% show to have a killer phenotype. According to molecular identification, based on the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequences analysis, strains were identified belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Wickerhamomyces, Kazachstania, Pichia, Candida and Clavispora. Killers were challenged with pathogenic molds and strains that caused the maximum in vitro inhibition of P. digitatum were selected for in vivo assays. Two strains of Pichia and one strain of Wickerhamomyces depicted a significant protection (p <0.05) from decay by P. digitatum in assays using wounded lemons. Thus, the native killer yeasts studied in this work showed to be an effective alternative for the biocontrol of postharvest fungal infections of lemons and could be promising agents for the development of commercial products for the biological control industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Perez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana Contreras
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nydia Mercedes Garnica
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Fernández-Zenoff
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Ayacucho 471 (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Farías
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Milena Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, Lavalle 4001, T4000BAB, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Ramallo
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo e Investigación, SA San Miguel, Lavalle 4001, T4000BAB, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Ayacucho 471 (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
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