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Singh P, Dhole B, Choudhury J, Tuli A, Pandey D, Velpandian T, Gupta S, Chaturvedi PK. Calotropis procera extract inhibits prostate cancer through regulation of autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18050. [PMID: 38400579 PMCID: PMC10941509 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options available for prostate cancer (PCa) patients have many adverse side effects and hence, new alternative therapies need to be explored. Anticancer potential of various phytochemicals derived from Calotropis procera has been studied in many cancers but no study has investigated the effect of leaf extract of C. procera on PCa cells. Hence, we investigated the effect of C. procera leaf extract (CPE) on cellular properties of androgen-independent PC-3 and androgen-sensitive 22Rv1 cells. A hydroalcoholic extract of C. procera was prepared and MTT assay was performed to study the effect of CPE on viability of PCa cells. The effect of CPE on cell division ability, migration capability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was studied using colony formation assay, wound-healing assay and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, respectively. Caspase activity assay and LDH assay were performed to study the involvement of apoptosis and necrosis in CPE-mediated cell death. Protein levels of cell cycle, antioxidant, autophagy and apoptosis markers were measured by western blot. The composition of CPE was identified using untargeted LC-MS analysis. Results showed that CPE decreased the viability of both the PCa cells, PC-3 and 22Rv1, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, CPE significantly inhibited the colony-forming ability, migration and endogenous ROS production in both the cell lines. Furthermore, CPE significantly decreased NF-κB protein levels and increased the protein levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. A significant increase in expression of autophagy markers was observed in CPE-treated PC-3 cells while autophagy markers were downregulated in 22Rv1 cells after CPE exposure. Hence, it can be concluded that CPE inhibits PCa cell viability possibly by regulating the autophagy pathway and/or altering the ROS levels. Thus, CPE can be explored as a possible alternative therapeutic agent for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Singh
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bodhana Dhole
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anannya Tuli
- Department of Ocular PharmacologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular PharmacologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Choudhury J, Perrio S, Scobell M, Bertram T, Gray A. Proactive care post-discharge to reduce 30 day readmissions to hospital. Int J Risk Saf Med 2022; 33:S41-S45. [PMID: 35871366 PMCID: PMC9844062 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-227022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthwatch England estimated emergency readmissions have risen by 22.8% between 2012-13 and 2016-17. Some emergency readmissions could be avoided by providing patients with urgent out of hospital medical care or support. Sovereign Health Network (SHN) comprises of three GP practices, with a combined population of 38,000. OBJECTIVE We will decrease the number of SHN patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge from Portsmouth Hospitals Trust following a non-elective admission (excluding Emergency Department attendance) by 40-60% by July 2020. METHODS Four Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles were used to test the administrative and clinical processes. Our Advanced Nurse Practitioner reviewed all discharge summaries, added alerts to records, and proactively contacted patients either by text, telephone or home visit. RESULTS 92 patients aged 23 days to 97 years were admitted onto the recent discharge scheme. Half of discharge summaries were received on the day of discharge, whilst 29% of discharge summaries were received more than 24 hours post-discharge, and one was received 11 days post-discharge. Following our interventions, there were 55% less than expected readmissions during the same time period. CONCLUSION To allow proactive interventions to be instigated in a timely manner, discharge summaries need to be received promptly. The average readmission length of stay following a non-elective admission is seven days. Our proactive interventions saved approximately 102.9 bed days, with potential savings of 1,775 bed days over a year. We feel the results from our model are promising and could be replicated by other Primary Care Networks to result in larger savings in bed days.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Choudhury
- Sovereign Health Network, Fareham, UK, Address for correspondence: Jill Choudhury, Sovereign Health Network, c/o The Highlands Practice, 102 Highlands Road, Fareham, Hampshire, PO15 6JF, UK. E-mail:
| | - S. Perrio
- Sovereign Health Network, Fareham, UK
| | | | | | - A. Gray
- Sovereign Health Network, Fareham, UK
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Choudhury J, Pandey D, Chaturvedi PK, Gupta S. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a trophoblast perspective. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6572349. [PMID: 35451485 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes alter expression of genes at both pre- and post-transcriptional levels without changing their DNA sequence. Accumulating evidence suggests that such changes can modify cellular behaviour and characteristics required during development and in response to various extracellular stimuli. Trophoblast cells develop from the outermost trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst and undergo many phenotypic changes as the placenta develops. One such phenotypic change is differentiation of the epithelial natured cytotrophoblasts into the mesenchymal natured extravillous trophoblasts. The extravillous trophoblasts are primarily responsible for invading into the maternal decidua and thus establishing connection with the maternal spiral arteries. Any dysregulation of this process can have adverse effects on the pregnancy outcome. Hence, tight regulation of this epithelial-mesenchymal transition is critical for successful pregnancy. This review summarizes the recent research on the epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurring in the trophoblast cells during placental development. The functional significance of chemical modifications of DNA and histone, which regulate transcription, as well as non-coding RNAs, which control gene expression post-transcriptionally, is discussed in relation to trophoblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
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Jhanwar V, Desai SM, Choudhury J, Joshi S, Panchwagh Y. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone after Denosumab Chemotherapy Mimics Osteosarcoma. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Elmekkawi A, Abdelgadir D, Van Dyk J, Choudhury J, Dunn M. Use of naloxone to minimize extubation failure after premedication for INSURE procedure in preterm neonates. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2016; 9:363-370. [PMID: 27834786 DOI: 10.3233/npm-915141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A new guideline for the early respiratory management of preterm infants that included early nCPAP and INSURE was recently introduced in our NICU. This case series describes the clinical courses of a group of preterm infants managed according to this guideline, and reports the rates of successful extubation within 30 minutes of surfactant administration with and without the use of naloxone and adverse events encountered. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive case series of all preterm babies admitted to our unit who were candidates for INSURE procedure with premedication from August 2012 to August 2013. RESULTS A total of 31 infants were included with a mean birth weight of 1178 grams and a mean gestational age of 28.4 weeks. Twelve out of thirteen (92%) infants in the naloxone group were extubated within 30 minutes of surfactant administration while only 12/18 (67%) in the non-naloxone group were extubated within the same time frame. No adverse reactions were noted with naloxone usage in this context. CONCLUSION Naloxone can be effective in reversing the respiratory depressive effect of analgesic premedication and in turn facilitates expeditious extubation in some preterm infants intubated for INSURE procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elmekkawi
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Abdelgadir
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Van Dyk
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Choudhury
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Dunn
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abiramalatha T, Santhanam S, Mammen JJ, Rebekah G, Shabeer MP, Choudhury J, Nair SC. Utility of neutrophil volume conductivity scatter (VCS) parameter changes as sepsis screen in neonates. J Perinatol 2016; 36:733-8. [PMID: 27123571 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine changes in neutrophil volume conductivity scatter (VCS) parameters and their distribution widths (DW) in neonatal sepsis and to estimate their optimal cutoff levels using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. STUDY DESIGN In a cohort of neonates evaluated for sepsis, blood counts and blood culture were performed initially, with repeat counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) done after 24 to 48 h. Neutrophil VCS parameters from both the initial and repeat blood counts were analyzed. Babies were classified as having blood culture-positive sepsis, probable sepsis (clinical course consistent with sepsis and CRP-positive, but culture-negative) and no sepsis (clinical course not compatible with sepsis, culture- and CRP-negative). RESULTS A total of 600 babies were included: 240 (40%) babies in the sepsis group and 360 (60%) babies in the control group. All the neutrophil VCS parameters and their DWs (except for low angle light scatter in the repeat counts) were significantly different between the two groups, with an area under curve in the ROC curve of >0.6 for most parameters. The five most significant VCS parameters (mean neutrophil volume (MNV), median angle light scatter (MALS), lower median angle light scatter (LMALS), MNV-DW and ALL-DW) had around 65 to 75% sensitivity and specificity. A combination of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, MNV and LMALS had a likelihood ratio (LR)+ of 15.3 and LR- of 0.17. With a pre-test probability of 40%, post-test probability increased to 91% for a positive test and decreased to 10% for a negative test. A prospective validation study was performed recruiting an additional 60 babies, which showed similar results, assuring that the cutoffs were robust. CONCLUSION Neutrophil VCS parameters cannot be considered as stand-alone tests to diagnose or rule out neonatal sepsis, but can be used in combination with other hematological screening tests to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the neonatal sepsis screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abiramalatha
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S Santhanam
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - J J Mammen
- Department of Transfusion medicine and Immunohematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - G Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - M P Shabeer
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - J Choudhury
- Department of Transfusion medicine and Immunohematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S C Nair
- Department of Transfusion medicine and Immunohematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Dibb M, Han N, Choudhury J, Hayes S, Valentine H, West C, Sharrocks AD, Ang YS. FOXM1 and polo-like kinase 1 are co-ordinately overexpressed in patients with gastric adenocarcinomas. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:676. [PMID: 26576650 PMCID: PMC4650505 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancers present late in life with advanced disease and carry a poor prognosis. Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a mitotic kinase with regulatory functions during G2/M and mitosis in the cell cycle. In mammalian cells, there is an intricate co-regulatory relationship between PLK1 and the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1. It has been demonstrated that individually either PLK1 or FOXM1 expression predicts poorer survival. However, the co-expression of both of these markers in gastric adenocarcinomas has not been reported previously. METHODS We aimed to assess the expression of PLK1 and FOXM1 in Gastric adenocarcinomas in a Western Population, to examine whether there is a relationship of PLK1 to FOXM1 in cancer samples. We assess both the protein and mRNA expression in this patient population by Tissue Microarray immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsy samples from 79 patients with gastric cancer. Paired normal controls were available in 47 patients. FOXM1 expression was significantly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma (p = 0.001). PLK1 and FOXM1 co-expression was demonstrated in 6/8 (75 %) tumours when analysed by RT-PCR. FOXM1 is overexpressed in a large proportion of gastric carcinomas at the protein level and FOXM1 and PLK1 are concomitantly overexpressed at the mRNA level in this cancer type. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that FOXM1 and its target gene PLK1 are coordinately overexpressed in a proportion of gastric adenocarcinomas. This suggests that chemotherapeutic treatments that target this pathway may be of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dibb
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - N Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - J Choudhury
- Department of Histopathology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - S Hayes
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - H Valentine
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - C West
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Christie Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - A D Sharrocks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Yeng S Ang
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
- GI Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS FT, University of Manchester, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
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Saha S, Choudhury J, Ain R. MicroRNA-141-3p and miR-200a-3p regulate insulin-like growth factor 2 during mouse placental development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414:186-93. [PMID: 26247408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) plays a vital role in fetal and placental development throughout gestation. Placental expression of IGF2 decreases substantially in intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and Igf2 null mice develop small placentas. In this report, we examined the role of microRNAs in regulating Igf2 gene expression during mouse placental development. Using bioinformatic analysis, we have identified microRNAs that have conserved binding sites in the 3'-UTR of Igf2. Using luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p mimics substantially down regulated relative luciferase activity by binding to 3'-UTR of Igf2, which was reversed by using miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p inhibitors. Furthermore, in a similar assay, use of Igf2 3'-UTR that lacked the binding site for the microRNAs did not have any effect on luceiferase activity. Interestingly, the expression of miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p were inversely and temporally correlated to the expression of IGF2 during mouse placental development. Overexpression of miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p in mouse trophoblast stem cells suppressed endogenous expression of IGF2. Consequently, IGF2 silencing by miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p diminished Akt activation in mouse trophoblast stem cells. Our study provides evidence for regulation of Igf2 by microRNAs and further elucidates the role of miR141-3p and miR-200a-3p in the mouse placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Saha
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Dibb M, Han N, Choudhury J, Hayes S, Valentine H, West C, Ang YS, Sharrocks AD. The FOXM1-PLK1 axis is commonly upregulated in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1766-75. [PMID: 23037713 PMCID: PMC3493860 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor FOXM1 is an important regulator of the cell cycle through controlling periodic gene expression during the G2 and M phases. One key target for FOXM1 is the gene encoding the protein kinase PLK1 and PLK1 itself acts in a positive feedback loop to phosphorylate and activate FOXM1. Both FOXM1 and PLK1 have been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of different tumour types. METHODS We have used a combination of RT-PCR, western blotting, tissue microarrays and metadata analysis of microarray data to study whether the FOXM1-PLK1 regulatory axis is upregulated and operational in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS FOXM1 and PLK1 are expressed in oesophageal adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines and demonstrate cross-regulatory interactions. Importantly, we also demonstrate the concomitant overexpression of FOXM1 and PLK1 in a large proportion of oesophageal adenocarcinoma samples. This co-association was extended to the additional FOXM1 target genes CCNB1, AURKB and CKS1. In a cohort of patients who subsequently underwent surgery, the expression of several FOXM1 target genes was prognostic for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 and its target gene PLK1 are commonly overexpressed in oesophageal adenocarcinomas and this association can be extended to other FOXM1 target genes, providing potentially important biomarkers for predicting post-surgery disease survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dibb
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - N Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - J Choudhury
- Department of Histopathology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - S Hayes
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - H Valentine
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - C West
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Y S Ang
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - A D Sharrocks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease observed in the clinical practice of hepatology. The coexistence of metabolic syndrome in this cohort of patients has made insulin resistance central to the pathogenesis of these disorders. The metabolic consequence of insulin resistance is impaired hepatic glucose output and abnormal lipid handling. In the face of continued metabolic insults the normal hepatic regulatory mechanism gets overwhelmed and fat accumulates in the hepatocytes. The subsequent fate of steatotic hepatocytes depends on the capacity of additional factors such as adipocytokines and toxicity induced by the free fatty acids themselves to induce inflammatory response. This latter process is responsible for the producing the phenotype of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Irrespective of the process by which these phenotypic response occurs, it is now universally accepted that in the absence of insulin resistance the spectrum of changes one associates with NAFLD does not develop. In this review we will discuss the various processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Choudhury
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Choudhury J. Marriage conception interval. Man India 1992; 72:91-5. [PMID: 12285868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between length of menstrual cycle and first birth interval is explored using data for 400 urban and 190 rural women in Lodha, India. The women were divided into three groups: urban women married before menarche, urban women married after menarche, and rural women married before menarche. The results indicate that "marriage-conception is delayed with longer menstrual cycles. Thus the females with longer menstrual cycle lengths appear to have a lesser chance of reproductive performances during the span of their reproductive life than those who are with shorter cycle lengths."
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Choudhury J, Serfling R. Generalized order statistics, Bahadur representations, and sequential nonparametric fixed-width confidence intervals. J Stat Plan Inference 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-3758(88)90036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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