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Chaisupasakul P, Pekthong D, Wangteeraprasert A, Kaewkong W, Somran J, Kaewpaeng N, Parhira S, Srisawang P. Combination of ethyl acetate fraction from Calotropis gigantea stem bark and sorafenib induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300051. [PMID: 38527038 PMCID: PMC10962855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (C. gigantea) stem bark extract (CGEtOAc) has been demonstrated in many types of cancers. This study examined the improved cancer therapeutic activity of sorafenib when combined with CGEtOAc in HepG2 cells. The cell viability and cell migration assays were applied in HepG2 cells treated with varying concentrations of CGEtOAc, sorafenib, and their combination. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, which corresponded with a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of DNA fragmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in combination with the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which was suggested for association with ROS-induced apoptosis. Combining CGEtOAc at 400 μg/mL with sorafenib at 4 μM, which were their respective half-IC50 concentrations, significantly inhibited HepG2 viability upon 24 h of exposure in comparison with the vehicle and each single treatment. Consequently, CGEtOAc when combined with sorafenib significantly diminished HepG2 migration and induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial-correlation mechanism. ROS production was speculated to be the primary mechanism of stimulating apoptosis in HepG2 cells after exposure to a combination of CGEtOAc and sorafenib, in association with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suppression. Our results present valuable knowledge to support the development of anticancer regimens derived from the CGEtOAc with the chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib, both of which were administered at half-IC50, which may minimize the toxic implications of cancer treatments while improving the therapeutic effectiveness toward future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Chaisupasakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Kaewpaeng
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Singh P, Dhole B, Choudhury J, Tuli A, Pandey D, Velpandian T, Gupta S, Chaturvedi PK. Calotropis procera extract inhibits prostate cancer through regulation of autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18050. [PMID: 38400579 PMCID: PMC10941509 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options available for prostate cancer (PCa) patients have many adverse side effects and hence, new alternative therapies need to be explored. Anticancer potential of various phytochemicals derived from Calotropis procera has been studied in many cancers but no study has investigated the effect of leaf extract of C. procera on PCa cells. Hence, we investigated the effect of C. procera leaf extract (CPE) on cellular properties of androgen-independent PC-3 and androgen-sensitive 22Rv1 cells. A hydroalcoholic extract of C. procera was prepared and MTT assay was performed to study the effect of CPE on viability of PCa cells. The effect of CPE on cell division ability, migration capability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was studied using colony formation assay, wound-healing assay and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, respectively. Caspase activity assay and LDH assay were performed to study the involvement of apoptosis and necrosis in CPE-mediated cell death. Protein levels of cell cycle, antioxidant, autophagy and apoptosis markers were measured by western blot. The composition of CPE was identified using untargeted LC-MS analysis. Results showed that CPE decreased the viability of both the PCa cells, PC-3 and 22Rv1, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, CPE significantly inhibited the colony-forming ability, migration and endogenous ROS production in both the cell lines. Furthermore, CPE significantly decreased NF-κB protein levels and increased the protein levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. A significant increase in expression of autophagy markers was observed in CPE-treated PC-3 cells while autophagy markers were downregulated in 22Rv1 cells after CPE exposure. Hence, it can be concluded that CPE inhibits PCa cell viability possibly by regulating the autophagy pathway and/or altering the ROS levels. Thus, CPE can be explored as a possible alternative therapeutic agent for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Singh
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bodhana Dhole
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anannya Tuli
- Department of Ocular PharmacologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular PharmacologyDr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive BiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Salomé BMC, Santos AF, Ribeiro LM, de Azevedo IFP, Mercadante-Simões MO. Anastomosing laticifer in the primary and secondary structures of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (Apocynaceae) stems. Protoplasma 2023; 260:497-508. [PMID: 35804192 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the development and distribution of laticifer (latex secretory structure) will be important for the production of both rubber and medicines and will support studies on plant adaptations to their environments. We characterize here and describe the ontogenesis of the laticifer sytem in Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae), an invasive subshrub species in arid landscapes. Anatomical and histochemical evaluations of the primary and secondary structures of the stem were carried out on a monthly basis during a full year, with ultrastructural evaluations of laticifer on the stem apex during the rainy season. In the primary structure, laticifer differentiate early from procambium and ground meristem cells of the cortex and medulla and become concentrated adjacent to the external and internal phloem of the bicollateral bundles. In the secondary structure, laticifer differentiates from fusiform derivative cells of the phloem close to the sieve-tube elements. The laticifer is of the articulated, anastomosing, branched type, and it originates from precursor cells that loose the transversal and longitudinal walls by dissolution. Latex is a mixture of terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, mucilage, and proteins. The apical meristem and vascular cambium where the laticifer system begins its development are active throughout the year, including during the dry season. The vascular cambium produces phloem with laticifer precursor cells during the rainy season, with high temperatures and long days. The ability of C. procera to grow under water deficit conditions and produce laticifer throughout the year contribute to its wide distribution in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariadna Freitas Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, 39401-089, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, 39401-089, Brasil
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Adabavazeh F, Nadernejad N, Pourseyedi S, Razavizadeh R, Mozafari H. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and their effects on growth and physiological parameters of Calotropis procera seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:59027-59042. [PMID: 35381920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to elucidate effects of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on morphological and physiological parameters and main essential oil components of Calotropis procera seedlings. For this purpose, 21-day-old seedlings grown under hydroponic conditions were treated by the different MNP concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1). The results showed that the growth parameters, chlorophyll pigments, soluble sugars, and total proteins significantly increased in leaf under MNP treatment, except for the root length. As compared to the control, MNPs induced a substantial change in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents. Ascorbate peroxidase activity showed a meaningful increase in leaf treated with 200 mg L-1 MNPs, while superoxide dismutase activity and concentration of H2O2 conspicuously decreased relative to the control. Moreover, MNPs enhanced geranial, 1,8-cineol, a-phellandrene, citronellal, camphor, and terpinen-4-ol contents as major components. These results suggest that MNPs could be a promising method of iron application in agricultural systems. Regarding the effects of MNPs, 200-mg L-1 MNPs were most effective on the production of main essential oils and plant growth that could serve as a favorable elicitor for plant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adabavazeh
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Nazi Nadernejad
- Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran.
| | - Shahram Pourseyedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Razavizadeh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 193953697, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozafari
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Awad Al-Harbi N. Allelopathic Effect of <i>Calotropis procera, Hyoscyamus muticus</i> and <i>Pulicaria undulata</i> Extracts on Seed Germination of <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> and <i>Chenopodium murale</i>. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 23:1260-1266. [PMID: 32981259 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1260.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The use of herbicides leads to severe damage, especially to the environment. The aim of this investigation was operated to study the allelopathic effect of Calotropis procera, Hyoscyamus muticus and Pulicaria undulata aqueous extracts on the seed germination of Portulaca oleracea and Chenopodium murale. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aerial parts of the plants (Calotropis procera, Hyoscyamus muticus and Pulicaria undulata) washed well in distilled water and were dried in room temperature then ground to fine powder. Aqueous extract was prepared using distilled water. RESULTS In this study, different concentrations of plant extracts (1, 3 and 5%) were used to illustrate which of these concentrations have the potential to inhibit seed growth of Portulaca oleracea and Chenopodium murale. Concentration of 5% for all plant extracts used to inhibited the growth of all seeds of Chenopodium murale while, concentration of 5% for Pulicaria undulata extract only inhibited the growth of all seeds of Portulaca oleracea. CONCLUSION This work dealt with the use of allelopathy strategy in preventing the growth of some weeds to be one of the safest alternative ways of using herbicides. The results showed the effective effect of plant extracts for both Calotropis procera, Hyoscyamus muticus and Pulicaria undulata on the seed germination of Portulaca oleracea and Chenopodium murale.
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Zahid M, Lodhi M, Rehan ZA, Tayyab H, Javed T, Shabbir R, Mukhtar A, EL Sabagh A, Adamski R, Sakran MI, Siuta D. Sustainable Development of Chitosan/ Calotropis procera-Based Hydrogels to Stimulate Formation of Granulation Tissue and Angiogenesis in Wound Healing Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3284. [PMID: 34072397 PMCID: PMC8198538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new scaffolds to enhance healing magnitude is necessarily required in biomedical applications. Granulation tissue formation is a crucial stage of wound healing in which granulation tissue grows on the surface of a wound by the formation of connective tissue and blood vessels. In the present study, porous hydrogels were synthesized using chitosan incorporating latex of the Calotropis procera plant by using a freeze-thaw cycle to stimulate the formation of granulation tissue and angiogenesis in wound healing applications. Structural analysis through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between chitosan and Calotropis procera. Latex extract containing hydrogel showed slightly higher absorption than the control during water absorption analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed high thermal stability of the 60:40 combination of chitosan (CS) and Calotropis procera as compared to all other treatments and controls. A fabricated scaffold application on a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) showed that all hydrogels containing latex extract resulted in a significant formation of blood vessels and regeneration of cells. Overall, the formation of connective tissues and blood capillaries and healing magnitude decreased in ascending order of concentration of extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Maria Lodhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan
- Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Tayyab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Ahmed Mukhtar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33156, Egypt;
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamed I. Sakran
- Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Siuta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Coêlho MRV, Rivas R, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Pandolfi V, Bezerra-Neto JP, Benko-Iseppon AM, Santos MG. Reference genes selection for Calotropis procera under different salt stress conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215729. [PMID: 30998798 PMCID: PMC6472812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a perennial Asian shrub with significant adaptation to adverse climate conditions and poor soils. Given its increased salt and drought stress tolerance, C. procera stands out as a powerful candidate to provide alternative genetic resources for biotechnological approaches. The qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), widely recognized among the most accurate methods for quantifying gene expression, demands suitable reference genes (RGs) to avoid over- or underestimations of the relative expression and incorrect interpretation. This study aimed at evaluating the stability of ten RGs for normalization of gene expression of root and leaf of C. procera under different salt stress conditions and different collection times. The selected RGs were used on expression analysis of three target genes. Three independent experiments were carried out in greenhouse with young plants: i) Leaf100 = leaf samples collected 30 min, 2 h, 8 h and 45 days after NaCl-stress (100 mM NaCl); ii) Root50 and iii) Root200 = root samples collected 30 min, 2 h, 8 h and 1day after NaCl-stress (50 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively). Stability rank among the three algorithms used showed high agreement for the four most stable RGs. The four most stable RGs showed high congruence among all combination of collection time, for each software studied, with minor disagreements. CYP23 was the best RG (rank of top four) for all experimental conditions (Leaf100, Root50, and Root200). Using appropriated RGs, we validated the relative expression level of three differentially expressed target genes (NAC78, CNBL4, and ND1) in Leaf100 and Root200 samples. This study provides the first selection of stable reference genes for C. procera under salinity. Our results emphasize the need for caution when evaluating the stability RGs under different amplitude of variable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. V. Coêlho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Rivas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Ribamar C. Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João P. Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro G. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ramadan AM, Azeiz AA, Baabad S, Hassanein S, Gadalla NO, Hassan S, Algandaby M, Bakr S, Khan T, Abouseadaa HH, Ali HM, Al-Ghamdi A, Osman G, Edris S, Eissa H, Bahieldin A. Control of β-sitosterol biosynthesis under light and watering in desert plant Calotropis procera. Steroids 2019; 141:1-8. [PMID: 30414421 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most scientific studies on Calotropis procera refer to the plant as an important source of pharmaceutical compounds and its valuable benefits in medicine. One of the most important substances in this plant is the potential immunostimulant β-sitosterol (BS) that acts in improving human health. This study focused on the effects of lighting before and after irrigation on the BS accumulation pathway namely steroid biosynthesis. Studying the enzymes in BS biosynthetic pathway indicated the upregulation at dawn and predusk of the SMT2 and SMO2 genes encoding sterol methyltransferase 2 and methylsterol monooxygenase, two key enzymes in BS accumulation in C. procera. The results almost indicated no regulation at the different time points of the CYP710A gene encoding sterol 22-desaturase, an enzyme that acts in depleting β-sitosterol towards the biosynthesis of stigmasterol. RNA-Seq data was validated via quantitative RT-PCR and results were positive. The data of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with regard to BS accumulation also aligned with those of RNA-Seq analysis. We focused on the effects of light before and after watering on BS accumulation in C. procera. Our results show that BS accumulation is high at dawn in both dehydrated and well-watered condition. While, the BS was dramatically decrease at midday in well-watered plants. This increase/decrease in BS content is correlated with rates of expression of SMT 2 gene. This gene is a key convertor between the different branches in the cardiac glycoside biosynthesis. Accordingly, it could be suggested that BS (or one of the descendent product) may play an important role in C. procera tolerance to drought/light intensity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Ramadan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Plant Molecular Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdel Azeiz
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Saeed Baabad
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Hassanein
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt; Bioinformatics Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center(ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour O Gadalla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sabah Hassan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mardi Algandaby
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Bakr
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology, College of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt; College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thana Khan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Abouseadaa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hani Mohammed Ali
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al-Ghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Osman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbial genetics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Edris
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Eissa
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hoopes GM, Hamilton JP, Kim J, Zhao D, Wiegert-Rininger K, Crisovan E, Buell CR. Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Medicinal Plant Calotropis gigantea, a Producer of Anticancer and Antimalarial Cardenolides. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:385-391. [PMID: 29237703 PMCID: PMC5919723 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea produces specialized secondary metabolites known as cardenolides, which have anticancer and antimalarial properties. Although transcriptomic studies have been conducted in other cardenolide-producing species, no nuclear genome assembly for an Asterid cardenolide-producing species has been reported to date. A high-quality de novo assembly was generated for C. gigantea, representing 157,284,427 bp with an N50 scaffold size of 805,959 bp, for which quality assessments indicated a near complete representation of the genic space. Transcriptome data in the form of RNA-sequencing libraries from a developmental tissue series was generated to aid the annotation and construction of a gene expression atlas. Using an ab initio and evidence-driven gene annotation pipeline, 18,197 high-confidence genes were annotated. Homologous and syntenic relationships between C. gigantea and other species within the Apocynaceae family confirmed previously identified evolutionary relationships, and suggest the emergence or loss of the specialized cardenolide metabolites after the divergence of the Apocynaceae subfamilies. The C. gigantea genome assembly, annotation, and RNA-sequencing data provide a novel resource to study the cardenolide biosynthesis pathway, especially for understanding the evolutionary origin of cardenolides and the engineering of cardenolide production in heterologous organisms for existing and novel pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M Hoopes
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | | | - Emily Crisovan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Mutwakil MZ, Hajrah NH, Atef A, Edris S, Sabir MJ, Al-Ghamdi AK, Sabir MJSM, Nelson C, Makki RM, Ali HM, El-Domyati FM, Al-Hajar ASM, Gloaguen Y, Al-Zahrani HS, Sabir JSM, Jansen RK, Bahieldin A, Hall N. Transcriptomic and metabolic responses of Calotropis procera to salt and drought stress. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:231. [PMID: 29202709 PMCID: PMC5716246 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calotropis procera is a wild plant species in the family Apocynaceae that is able to grow in harsh, arid and heat stressed conditions. Understanding how this highly adapted plant persists in harsh environments should inform future efforts to improve the hardiness of crop and forage plant species. To study the plant response to droμght and osmotic stress, we treated plants with polyethylene glycol and NaCl and carried out transcriptomic and metabolomics measurements across a time-course of five days. RESULTS We identified a highly dynamic transcriptional response across the time-course including dramatic changes in inositol signaling, stress response genes and cytokinins. The resulting metabolome changes also involved sharp increases of myo-inositol, a key signaling molecule and elevated amino acid metabolites at later times. CONCLUSIONS The data generated here provide a first glimpse at the expressed genome of C. procera, a plant that is exceptionally well adapted to arid environments. We demonstrate, through transcriptome and metabolome analysis that myo-inositol signaling is strongly induced in response to drought and salt stress and that there is elevation of amino acid concentrations after prolonged osmotic stress. This work should lay the foundations of future studies in adaptation to arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Mutwakil
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid H Hajrah
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Edris
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mernan J Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej K Al-Ghamdi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshaal J S M Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte Nelson
- Centre for Genomic Research, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L170AH, UK
| | - Rania M Makki
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Ali
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fotouh M El-Domyati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman S M Al-Hajar
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoann Gloaguen
- College of MVLS, Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hassan S Al-Zahrani
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert K Jansen
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neil Hall
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Souza ICC, Ramos MV, Costa JH, Freitas CDT, Oliveira RSB, Moreno FB, Moreira RA, Carvalho CPS. The osmotin of Calotropis procera latex is not expressed in laticifer-free cultivated callus and under salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 119:312-318. [PMID: 28938177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The latex of Calotropis procera has previously been reported to contain osmotin. This protein (CpOsm) inhibited phytopathogens and this was mechanistically characterized. Here, the time-course profile of CpOsm transcripts was examined in the salt-stressed cultivated callus of C. procera in order to better understand its role in the physiology of the plant. Stressed callus (80 mM NaCl) showed an unbalanced content of organic compounds (proline and total soluble sugar) and inorganic ions (Na+, Cl-, and K+). Under salt treatment, the transcripts of CpOsm were detected after 12 h and slightly increased to a maximum at day seven, followed by reduction. Interestingly, CpOsm was not detected in the soluble protein fraction recovered from the salt-stressed callus as probed by electrophoresis, dot/Western blotting and mass spectrometry. The results suggested that (1) CpOsm is not constitutive in cultivated cells (laticifer-free tissues); (2) CpOsm transcripts appear under salt-stressed conditions; (3) the absence of CpOsm in the protein fractions of stressed cultivated cells indicated that salt-induced transcripts were not used for protein synthesis and this accounts to the belief that CpOsm may be a true laticifer protein in C. procera. More effort will be needed to unveil this process. In this study we show evidences that CpOsm gene is responsive to salt stress. However the corresponding protein is not produced in cultivated cells. Therefore, presently the hypothesis that CpOsm is involved in abiotic stress is not fully supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C C Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - José H Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico B Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renato A Moreira
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristina P S Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Rivas R, Frosi G, Ramos DG, Pereira S, Benko-Iseppon AM, Santos MG. Photosynthetic limitation and mechanisms of photoprotection under drought and recovery of Calotropis procera, an evergreen C 3 from arid regions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 118:589-599. [PMID: 28793281 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a C3 plant native from arid environmental zones. It is an evergreen, shrubby, non-woody plant with intense photosynthetic metabolism during the dry season. We measured photosynthetic parameters and leaf biochemical traits, such as gas exchange, photochemical parameters, A/Ci analysis, organic solutes, and antioxidant enzymes under controlled conditions in potted plants during drought stress, and following recovery conditions to obtain a better insight in the drought stress responses of C. procera. Indeed, different processes contribute to the drought stress resilience of C. procera and to the fast recovery after rehydration. The parameters analyzed showed that C. procera has a high efficiency for energy dissipation. The photosynthetic machinery is protected by a robust antioxidant system and photoprotective mechanisms such as alternative pathways for electrons (photorespiration and day respiration). Under severe drought stress, increased stomatal limitation and decreased biochemical limitation permitted C. procera to maintain maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc,max) and photosynthetic rate (Amax). On the other hand, limitation of stomatal or mesophyll CO2 diffusion did not impair fast recovery, maintaining Vc,max, chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc) and mesophyll conductance (gm) unchanged while electron flow used for RuBP carboxylation (Jc) and Amax increased. The ability to tolerate drought stress and the fast recovery of this evergreen C3 species was also due to leaf anti-oxidative stress enzyme activity, and photosynthetic pigments. Thus, these different drought tolerance mechanisms allowed high performance of photosynthetic metabolism by drought stressed plants during the re-watering period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Rivas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Frosi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Diego G Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro G Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Cao E, Duan W, Wang A, Zheng Y. Oriented growth of poly(m-phenylenediamine) on Calotropis gigantea fiber for rapid adsorption of ciprofloxacin. Chemosphere 2017; 171:223-230. [PMID: 28024207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (mPD) in methanol/water (50:50, v/v) was performed via conventional chemical oxidative method by using Calotropis gigantea fiber (CGF) as the natural biotemplate. The as-prepared CGF oriented poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD), i.e. CGF-O-PmPD, exhibits a well defined fiber-oriented morphology. The presence of PmPD layer enables CGF-O-PmPD to present roughen surface with N-rich functional groups that can show high performance for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin. The variables affecting the adsorption capacity were systematically investigated, including contact time, initial concentration, initial pH, ion strength, and so forth. The experimental data reveal that with increasing the amount of mPD from 0.2, 0.5 to 2.0 g, the adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin shows a monotonic decrease, while the adsorption kinetics show a monotonic increase, with the adsorption percentage from >50%, >60% to >70% within 10 s, demonstrating its superfast adsorption kinetics for ciprofloxacin. In addition, an increasing adsorption capacity is observed over the pH range studied, with the adsorption capacity from 0.73 to 6.7 mg g-1 at pH 2.0 to 64.9-77.3 mg g-1 at pH 10.0. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of CGF-O-PmPD for ciprofloxacin shows no significant decrease, indicating its excellent reusability and potential application in treating antibiotic-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjuan Cao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yian Zheng
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Zhongwei High-tech Institute of Lanzhou University, Zhongwei, 755000, China.
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Pandey A, Swarnkar V, Pandey T, Srivastava P, Kanojiya S, Mishra DK, Tripathi V. Transcriptome and Metabolite analysis reveal candidate genes of the cardiac glycoside biosynthetic pathway from Calotropis procera. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34464. [PMID: 27703261 PMCID: PMC5050527 DOI: 10.1038/srep34464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a medicinal plant of immense importance due to its pharmaceutical active components, especially cardiac glycosides (CG). As genomic resources for this plant are limited, the genes involved in CG biosynthetic pathway remain largely unknown till date. Our study on stage and tissue specific metabolite accumulation showed that CG's were maximally accumulated in stems of 3 month old seedlings. De novo transcriptome sequencing of same was done using high throughput Illumina HiSeq platform generating 44074 unigenes with average mean length of 1785 base pair. Around 66.6% of unigenes were annotated by using various public databases and 5324 unigenes showed significant match in the KEGG database involved in 133 different pathways of plant metabolism. Further KEGG analysis resulted in identification of 336 unigenes involved in cardenolide biosynthesis. Tissue specific expression analysis of 30 putative transcripts involved in terpenoid, steroid and cardenolide pathways showed a positive correlation between metabolite and transcript accumulation. Wound stress elevated CG levels as well the levels of the putative transcripts involved in its biosynthetic pathways. This result further validated the involvement of identified transcripts in CGs biosynthesis. The identified transcripts will lay a substantial foundation for further research on metabolic engineering and regulation of cardiac glycosides biosynthesis pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Pandey
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha Swarnkar
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Pandey
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Mishra
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Tripathi
- Botany division, CSIR-CDRI, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gulzar A, Siddiqui MB, Bi S. Phenolic acid allelochemicals induced morphological, ultrastructural, and cytological modification on Cassia sophera L. and Allium cepa L. Protoplasma 2016; 253:1211-21. [PMID: 26387115 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extract (LAE) of Calotropis procera on growth behavior, ultrastructural changes on Cassia sophera L., and cytological changes on Allium cepa L. was investigated. LAE at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %) significantly reduced the root length, shoot length, and dry biomass of C. sophera. Besides, the ultrastructural changes (through scanning electron microscopy, SEM) induced in epidermal cells of 15-day-old seedlings of Cassia leaf were also noticed. The changes induced were shrinking and contraction of epidermal cells along with the formation of major grooves, canals, and cyst-like structures. The treated samples of epidermal cells no longer seem to be smooth as compared to control. LAE at different concentrations induces chromosomal aberrations and variation in shape of the interphase and prophase nucleus in A. cepa root tip cells when compared with control groups. The mitotic index in treated onion root tips decreased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. The most frequent aberrations were despiralization at prophase with the formation of micronuclei, sticky anaphase with bridges, sticky telophase, C-metaphase, etc. The results also show the induction of ghost cells, cells with membrane damage, and cells with heterochromatic nuclei by extract treatment. Upon HPLC analysis, nine phenolic acids (caffeic acid, gentisic acid, catechol, gallic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, resorcinol, p-coumaric acid, and p-hydroxy benzoic acid) were identified. Thus, the phenolic acids are mainly responsible for the allelopathic behavior of C. procera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasifa Gulzar
- Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - M B Siddiqui
- Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shazia Bi
- Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Ramadan A, Sabir JSM, Alakilli SYM, Shokry AM, Gadalla NO, Edris S, Al-Kordy MA, Al-Zahrani HS, El-Domyati FM, Bahieldin A, Baker NR, Willmitzer L, Irgang S. Metabolomic response of Calotropis procera growing in the desert to changes in water availability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87895. [PMID: 24520340 PMCID: PMC3919747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Water availability is a major limitation for agricultural productivity. Plants growing in severe arid climates such as deserts provide tools for studying plant growth and performance under extreme drought conditions. The perennial species Calotropis procera used in this study is a shrub growing in many arid areas which has an exceptional ability to adapt and be productive in severe arid conditions. We describe the results of studying the metabolomic response of wild C procera plants growing in the desert to a one time water supply. Leaves of C. procera plants were taken at three time points before and 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after watering and subjected to a metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Analysis of the data reveals that within one hour after watering C. procera has already responded on the metabolic level to the sudden water availability as evidenced by major changes such as increased levels of most amino acids, a decrease in sucrose, raffinose and maltitol, a decrease in storage lipids (triacylglycerols) and an increase in membrane lipids including photosynthetic membranes. These changes still prevail at the 6 hour time point after watering however 12 hours after watering the metabolomics data are essentially indistinguishable from the prewatering state thus demonstrating not only a rapid response to water availability but also a rapid response to loss of water. Taken together these data suggest that the ability of C. procera to survive under the very harsh drought conditions prevailing in the desert might be associated with its rapid adjustments to water availability and losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ramadan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Y. M. Alakilli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Shokry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour O. Gadalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Al-Kordy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fotouh M. El-Domyati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neil R. Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Susann Irgang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Aslam U, Khatoon A, Cheema HMN, Bashir A. Identification and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins isolated from fiber cells of Calotropis procera. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:586-95. [PMID: 23825144 PMCID: PMC3709063 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis procera, commonly known as "milkweed", possesses long seed trichomes for seed dispersal and has the ability to survive under harsh conditions such as drought and salinity. Aquaporins are water channel proteins expressed in all land plants, divided into five subfamilies plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), NOD26-like proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the unfamiliar X intrinsic proteins (XIPs). PIPs constitute the largest group of water channel proteins that are involved in different developmental and regulatory mechanisms including water permeability, cell elongation, and stomata opening. Aquaporins are also involved in abiotic stress tolerance and cell expansion mechanisms, but their role in seed trichomes (fiber cells) has never been investigated. A large number of clones isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library showed sequence homology to PIPs. Both expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that the transcript abundance of this gene family in fiber cells of C. procera is greater than that of cotton. Full-length cDNAs of CpPIP1 and CpPIP2 were isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library and used for constructing plant expression vectors under constitutive (2×35S) and trichome-specific (GhLTP3) promoters. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The phenotypic characteristics of the plants were observed after confirming the integration of transgene in plants. It was observed that CpPIP2 expression cassette under 2×35S and GhLTP3 promoter enhanced the numbers of stem and leave trichomes. However, 2×35S::CpPIP2 has a more amplified effect on trichome density and length than GhLTP3::CpPIP2 and other PIP constructs. These findings imply the role of C. procera PIP aquaporins in fiber cell elongation. The PIPs-derived cell expansion mechanism may be exploited through transgenic approaches for improvement of fiber staple length in cotton and boosting of defense against sucking insects by enhancing plant pubescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Aslam
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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de Freitas CDT, Nogueira FCS, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA, Domont GB, Ramos MV. Osmotin purified from the latex of Calotropis procera: biochemical characterization, biological activity and role in plant defense. Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 49:738-43. [PMID: 21334906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A protein, similar to osmotin- and thaumatin-like proteins, was purified from Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br latex. The isolation procedure required two cation exchange chromatography steps on 50mM Na-acetate buffer (pH 5.0) CM-Sepharose Fast Flow and 25 mM Na-phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) Resource-S, respectively. The protein purity was confirmed by an unique N-terminal sequence [ATFTIRNNCPYTIWAAAVPGGGRRLNSGGTWTINVAPGTA]. The osmotin (CpOsm) appeared as a single band (20,100 Da) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as two spots in two-dimensional electrophoresis (pI 8.9 and 9.1). Both polypeptides were further identified by mass spectrometry as two osmotin isoforms with molecular masses of 22,340 and 22,536 Da. The CpOsm exerted antifungal activity against Fusarium solani (IC₅₀=67.0 μg mL⁻¹), Neurospora sp. (IC₅₀=57.5 μg mL⁻¹) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (IC₅₀=32.1 μg mL⁻¹). However, this activity was lost when the protein was previously treated with a reducing agent (DTT, Dithiothreitol) suggesting the presence of disulfide bounds stabilizing the protein. The occurrence of osmotin in latex substantiates the defensive role of these fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx., Postal 6033, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
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Tezara W, Colombo R, Coronel I, Marín O. Water relations and photosynthetic capacity of two species of Calotropis in a tropical semi-arid ecosystem. Ann Bot 2011; 107:397-405. [PMID: 21149276 PMCID: PMC3043925 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea, originally from warm parts of Africa and Asia, are now pan-tropical and in ecological terms considered an indicator of overgrazed, disturbed lands; they grow successfully in dry areas. Variations in water relations, morphology and photosynthesis of the two species growing in the same habitat were studied to assess possible mechanisms of tolerance to drought and how these relate to their ecophysiological success. Also the hypothesis that their photosynthetic rate (A) under drought would be affected by stomatal and non-stomatal limitations was tested. METHODS Water relations, gas exchange, water use efficiency (WUE), fluorescence parameters, pubescence and specific leaf area (SLA) of Calotropis procera and C. gigantea plants growing in the field were evaluated during the wet (WS) and dry (DS) seasons. RESULTS The xylem water potential (ψ) was similar in both species during the WS and DS; drought caused a 28 % decrease of ψ. In C. procera, A, stomatal conductance (g(s)) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) were higher in the WS with half the values of those during the DS, this species being more affected by drought than C. gigantea. A high δ(13)C of C. gigantea (-26·2 ‰) in the WS indicated a higher integrated WUE, in agreement with its lower g(s). Leaves of C. gigantea were more pubescent than C. procera. Relative stomatal and non-stomatal limitation of A increased with drought in both species; no changes in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII; F(v)/F(m)) were observed. The decrease in the relative quantum yield of PSII (ϕ(PSII)) and in the photochemical quenching coefficient (q(P)) was more pronounced in C. procera than in C. gigantea. CONCLUSIONS The photosynthetic capacity of C. procera was higher than that of C. gigantea. During the DS, A was regulated by stomatal and non-stomatal factors in a coordinated manner and drought did not cause chronic photoinhibition. A higher density of trichomes and leaf angle in C. gigantea may contribute to the maintenance of A and confer more efficient protection of photochemical activity in the DS. Ecophysiological traits such as high photosynthetic rate throughout the year even during the DS, and high WUE, highly pubescent leaves and low SLA observed in both species contribute to the establishment and growth of Calotropis in dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Tezara
- Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela.
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D'Souza RJ, Varun M, Masih J, Paul MS. Identification of Calotropis procera L. as a potential phytoaccumulator of heavy metals from contaminated soils in Urban North Central India. J Hazard Mater 2010; 184:457-464. [PMID: 20843602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead and cadmium levels were monitored in soil at fifteen urban (riverbank, roadside, industrial and residential) sites in the north central part of India. Calotropis procera, a hardy xerophytic plant was identified and selected for remedial potential as it was seen growing well at all sites. Root and leaf samples were collected simultaneously with soil samples to assess the characteristics of accumulation and tolerance of Pb and Cd in C. procera. Chlorophyll and phenological studies were undertaken to investigate the health of plants. The overall trend of Pb and Cd content in soil and plant samples was in the order Industrial>Roadside>Riverbank>Residential. The highest uptake of both the metals was observed in plants from industrial sites. Sites with more anthropogenic disturbance like vehicular and machinery exhausts exhibited reduced chlorophyll levels, stunted growth as well as a delayed, shortened reproductive phase. The ratios of Pb in leaves to Pb in soil were in the range of 0.60-1.37; while similar ratios of Cd were in the range of 1.25-1.83. Highly significant correlation coefficients were determined between concentrations of Pb and Cd in the samples with R(2) values 0.839 for soil, 0.802 for leaf and 0.819 for root samples. The strong correlation between the degree of contamination and concentrations of Pb and Cd in plant samples identifies C. procera as an effective heavy metal remediator of contaminated lands coupled with environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J D'Souza
- Department of Botany, St. John's College, Agra 282 002, India.
| | - Mayank Varun
- Department of Botany, St. John's College, Agra 282 002, India
| | - Jamson Masih
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Manoj S Paul
- Department of Botany, St. John's College, Agra 282 002, India
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Habib MR, Nikkon F, Rahman M, Haque ME, Karim MR. Isolation of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol from methanolic extract of root bark of Calotropis gigantea (Linn). Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:4174-4176. [PMID: 19090304 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4174.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study is to identify and characterize the bioactive principles from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea. It has wide folk medicinal use. For isolation of the compounds, the dried root bark's powder of Calotropis gigantea were subjected to hot extraction and then the crude methanol (MeOH) extract was fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Two compounds were isolated and purified from petroleum ether fraction of crude methanol extract and the structures were determined as stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol by analysis of physical, chemical and spectral characteristics (1D NMR and mass spectrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rowshanul Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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Freitas CDT, Oliveira JS, Miranda MRA, Macedo NMR, Sales MP, Villas-Boas LA, Ramos MV. Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera. Plant Physiol Biochem 2007; 45:781-9. [PMID: 17888673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The laticifer fluid of Calotropis procera is rich in proteins and there is evidence that they are involved in the pharmacological properties of the latex. However, not much is known about how the latex-containing proteins are produced or their functions. In this study, laticifer proteins of C. procera were pooled and examined by 1D and 2D electrophoresis, masses spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and characterized in respect of proteolytic activity and oxidative enzymes. Soluble laticifer proteins were predominantly composed of basic proteins (PI>6.0) with molecular masses varying between 5 and 95 kDa. Proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 26,000 Da were more evident. Strong anti-oxidative activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) (1007.74+/-91.89 Ug(-1)DM) and, to a lesser extent ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.1) (0.117(d)+/-0.013 microMol H(2)O(2)g(-1)min(-1)), were detected. However, catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) was absent. The strong proteolytic activities of laticifer proteins from C. procera were shown to be shared by at least four distinct cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22.16) that were isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Serine and metaloproteinases were not detected and aspartic proteinase activities were barely visible. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) were also isolated in a chitin column and their activities quantified. The presence of these enzymatic activities in latex from C. procera may confirm their involvement in resistance to phytopathogens and insects, mainly in its leaves where the latex circulates abundantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Diniz T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60451-970, Brazil
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Eapen S, Singh S, Thorat V, Kaushik CP, Raj K, D'Souza SF. Phytoremediation of radiostrontium ((90)Sr) and radiocesium ((137)Cs) using giant milky weed (Calotropis gigantea R.Br.) plants. Chemosphere 2006; 65:2071-3. [PMID: 16876232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Potential of plants to remove radionuclides/toxic elements from soils and solutions can be successfully applied for removal of important radionuclides such as strontium-90 ((90)Sr) and cesium-137 ((137)Cs). When uptake of (137)Cs and (90)Sr by Calotropis gigantea plants incubated in distilled water spiked with the radionuclides either alone or in combination was studied, it was found to have a high efficiency for the removal of (90)Sr, with 90% being removed from solutions (5 x 10(3)kBql(-1)) within 24h of incubation. However, in case of (137)Cs, about 44% could be removed from solutions (5 x 10(3)kBql(-1)) at the end of 168h of incubation. Accumulation of (90)Sr and (137)Cs was higher in roots compared to shoots. The plants could remediate both (90)Sr and (137)Cs when they were added together to the solution. When two months old plants were incubated in low level nuclear waste, 99% of activity disappeared at the end of 15 days. The present study suggests that C. gigantea could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation of (90)Sr and (137)Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Eapen
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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