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Kaczmarek R, Piñeros AR, Patterson PE, Bertolini TB, Perrin GQ, Sherman A, Born J, Arisa S, Arvin MC, Kamocka MM, Martinez MM, Dunn KW, Quinn SM, Morris JJ, Wilhelm AR, Kaisho T, Munoz-Melero M, Biswas M, Kaplan MH, Linnemann AK, George LA, Camire RM, Herzog RW. Factor VIII trafficking to CD4+ T cells shapes its immunogenicity and requires several types of antigen-presenting cells. Blood 2023; 142:290-305. [PMID: 37192286 PMCID: PMC10375270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite >80 years of clinical experience with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors, surprisingly little is known about the in vivo mechanism of this most serious complication of replacement therapy for hemophilia A. These neutralizing antidrug alloantibodies arise in ∼30% of patients. Inhibitor formation is T-cell dependent, but events leading up to helper T-cell activation have been elusive because of, in part, the complex anatomy and cellular makeup of the spleen. Here, we show that FVIII antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells critically depends on a select set of several anatomically distinct antigen-presenting cells, whereby marginal zone B cells and marginal zone and marginal metallophilic macrophages but not red pulp macrophages (RPMFs) participate in shuttling FVIII to the white pulp in which conventional dendritic cells (DCs) prime helper T cells, which then differentiate into follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation accelerated Tfh cell responses and germinal center and inhibitor formation, whereas systemic administration of FVIII alone in hemophilia A mice increased frequencies of monocyte-derived and plasmacytoid DCs. Moreover, FVIII enhanced T-cell proliferation to another protein antigen (ovalbumin), and inflammatory signaling-deficient mice were less likely to develop inhibitors, indicating that FVIII may have intrinsic immunostimulatory properties. Ovalbumin, which, unlike FVIII, is absorbed into the RPMF compartment, fails to elicit T-cell proliferative and antibody responses when administered at the same dose as FVIII. Altogether, we propose that an antigen trafficking pattern that results in efficient in vivo delivery to DCs and inflammatory signaling, shape the immunogenicity of FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Annie R. Piñeros
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Paige E. Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - George Q. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Jameson Born
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew C. Arvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Malgorzata M. Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michelle M. Martinez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sean M. Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johnathan J. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amelia R. Wilhelm
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maite Munoz-Melero
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey A. George
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rodney M. Camire
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Zakharia Y, Garje R, Brown J, Nepple K, Bellizzi A, Bonner J, Parr D, Born J, Sieren J, Park J, Milhem M, Rustum Y. Results of phase I clinical trial of high doses of seleno-l-methionine (SLM) in sequential combination with axitinib in previously treated and relapsed clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz249.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Alizadeh Asfestani M, Braganza E, Schwidetzky J, Santiago J, Soekadar S, Born J, Feld GB. Overnight memory consolidation facilitates rather than interferes with new learning of similar materials-a study probing NMDA receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2292-2298. [PMID: 30046156 PMCID: PMC6135744 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although sleep-dependent consolidation and its neurochemical underpinnings have been strongly researched, less is known about how consolidation during sleep affects subsequent learning. Since sleep enhances memory, it can be expected to pro-actively interfere with learning after sleep, in particular of similar materials. This pro-active interference should be enhanced by substances that benefit consolidation during sleep, such as D-cycloserine. We tested this hypothesis in two groups (Sleep, Wake) of young healthy participants receiving on one occasion D-cycloserine (175 mg) and on another occasion placebo, according to a double-blind balanced crossover design. Treatment was administered after participants had learned a set of word pairs (A-B list) and before nocturnal retention periods of sleep vs. wakefulness. After D-cycloserine blood plasma levels had dropped to negligible amounts, i.e., the next day in the evening, participants learned, in three sequential runs, new sets of word pairs. One list-to enhance interference-consisted of the same cue words as the original set paired with a new target word (A-C list) and the other of completely new cue words (D-E set). Unexpectedly, during post-retention learning the A-C interference list was generally better learned than the completely new D-E list, which suggests that consolidation of previously encoded similar material enhances memory integration rather than pro-active interference. Consistent with this view, new learning of word pairs was better after sleep than wakefulness. Similarly, D-cycloserine generally enhanced learning of new word pairs, compared to placebo. This effect being independent of sleep or wakefulness, leads us to speculate that D-cycloserine, in addition to enhancing sleep-dependent consolidation, might mediate a time-dependent process of active forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alizadeh Asfestani
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E. Braganza
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Schwidetzky
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Santiago
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.452622.5German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany ,0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Soekadar
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Born
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Present Address: Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G. B. Feld
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDivision of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Science, Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK
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Hanert A, Weber F, Pedersen A, Born J, Bartsch T. P58. Sleep in humans stabilizes hippocampal pattern separation performance. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bolinger E, Cunningham TJ, Payne JD, Zinke K, Bowman MA, Born J. 0087 Sleep’s Differential Influences On Emotional Response Change Over Time. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Bolinger
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | | | - J D Payne
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - K Zinke
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - M A Bowman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Born
- Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
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Born J, Rohde C, Wohlsein P, Medina-Torres CE. Liver disease associated with leptospirosis in a mare. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Thienel M, Fritsche A, Heinrichs M, Peter A, Ewers M, Lehnert H, Born J, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin's inhibitory effect on food intake is stronger in obese than normal-weight men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1707-1714. [PMID: 27553712 PMCID: PMC5116063 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Animal studies and pilot experiments in men indicate that the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin limits food intake, and raise the question of its potential to improve metabolic control in obesity. Subjects/Methods: We compared the effect of central nervous oxytocin administration (24 IU) via the intranasal route on ingestive behaviour and metabolic function in 18 young obese men with the results in a group of 20 normal-weight men. In double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments, ad libitum food intake from a test buffet was examined in fasted subjects 45 min after oxytocin administration, followed by the assessment of postprandial, reward-driven snack intake. Energy expenditure was repeatedly assessed by indirect calorimetry and blood was sampled to determine concentrations of blood glucose and hormones. Results: Oxytocin markedly reduced hunger-driven food intake in the fasted state in obese but not in normal-weight men, and led to a reduction in snack consumption in both groups, whereas energy expenditure remained generally unaffected. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis secretion and the postprandial rise in plasma glucose were blunted by oxytocin in both groups. Conclusions: Oxytocin exerts an acutely inhibitory impact on food intake that is enhanced rather than decreased in obese compared with normal-weight men. This pattern puts it in contrast to other metabolically active neuropeptides and bodes well for clinical applications of oxytocin in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thienel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Ewers
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Born
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Vaesen F, Thimmesch M, Born J, Misson JP. [A rare case of lacunar skull deformity associated with craniosynostosis]. Rev Med Liege 2016; 71:120-123. [PMID: 27311242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lacunar skull is a radiologic description characterised by the presence of lacunae in the cranial vault. Its physiopathology remains up to now poorly understood; it is mostly associated with neural tube defects. The association of a lacunar skull with a craniosynostosis has rarely been described in the literature. The case of a 9-month-old patient presenting a multisutural craniosynostosis with a lacunar skull is reported in this article. The surgical treatment allowed to remodel the skull and to hope for a spontaneous regression of the lacunae.
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Klement J, Mergelkuhl B, Born J, Lehnert H, Hallschmid M. Role of γ-aminobutyric acid signalling in the attenuation of counter-regulatory hormonal responses after antecedent hypoglycaemia in healthy men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1274-8. [PMID: 25059854 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The attenuated counter-regulatory response to hypoglycaemia after antecedent hypoglycaemic episodes has been observed in animals to be associated with an increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the pharmacological suppression of GABAergic activity during a repeated hypoglycaemic episode enhances counter-regulatory responses. Fourteen healthy men participated in two experimental sessions each comprising three insulin-induced hypoglycaemic episodes. Before the third hypoglycaemic episode, participants received the GABA-antagonistic drug modafinil (200 mg orally) and placebo, respectively. In the placebo condition, the secretion of norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and growth hormone, and the perception of neuroglycopenic symptoms were attenuated during the third as compared with the first hypoglycaemic episode (each p < 0.05). Modafinil reversed this effect for the noradrenergic response (p < 0.05), while not significantly altering the attenuation of other hormonal responses and symptom perception (p > 0.3). Our findings indicate that increased GABAergic transmission could contribute to aspects of the attenuated counter-regulatory response after recurrent hypoglycaemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klement
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Jürgensen L, Born J, Holm-Nielsen J, Rooney D. Einfluss von Ammoniak als Biogasbestandteil auf Methanisierungskatalysatoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Tiedemann H, Born J, Kocher-Becker U, Tiedemann H. Notizen: Anreicherung des mesodermalen Induktionsfaktors durch Elektrophorese in Dextrangelen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1965-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Born
- Heiligenberg-Institut (Heiligenberg, Baden)
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Abstract
The correlation between the synthesis of different RNA-fractions and embryonic differentiation was compared by studying the RNA-synthesis in whole Triturus embryos of different ages and isolated ectoderm not induced to develop into special tissues.
In the isolated ectoderm, having the same age as neurulae, transfer-RNA as well as ribosomal-RNA is synthesized. The transfer-RNA has about the same specific activity and the ribosomal-RNA a somewhat lower specific activity compared to neurulae. Pulse-labelled RNA with a heterogeneous sedimentation pattern is likewise synthesized in whole embryos and in isolated ectoderm. — The results are in accord with the hypothesis that embryonic differentiation is directed by informational-RNA, which is only a very small part of the whole RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Born
- Heiligenberg-Institut, Heiligenberg/Bodensee
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14
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Binder S, Berg K, Gasca F, Born J, Marshall L. OP 1. Boosting sleep slow oscillations by oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation enhances memory consolidation in rats. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Menz M, Rihm J, Salari N, Born J, Kalisch R, Pape H, Marshall L, Büchel C. The role of sleep and sleep deprivation in consolidating fear memories. Neuroimage 2013; 75:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Klement J, Pais I, Strube J, Lehnert H, Peters A, Hallschmid M, Born J. NMDA receptor blockade by memantine does not prevent adaptation to recurrent hypoglycaemia in healthy men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:310-5. [PMID: 23072263 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recurrent hypoglycaemia leads to an attenuation of hypoglycaemic symptoms and hormonal counterregulatory responses. This phenomenon poses a severe problem in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, but the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms are unclear. On the basis of animal experimental findings, we hypothesized that counterregulatory attenuation represents a basic adaptive learning process relying on synaptic long-term potentiation or depression. If so, attenuation should be prevented by blocking glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. METHODS Sixteen healthy young men participated in two conditions, separated by 4 weeks. Participants received the NMDA antagonist memantine over 5 days (15 mg/day) in one condition and placebo in the other one. After 3 days of drug administration, participants underwent two hypoglycaemic clamps on day 4 and another one on day 5. We assessed blood concentrations of counterregulatory hormones (cortisol, ACTH, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and glucagon) as well as subjective symptoms of hypoglycaemia and word-list recall as an indicator of short-term memory. RESULTS Counterregulatory responses of all hormones as well as neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptom ratings showed robust attenuation following the third as compared to the first hypoglycaemia (p < 0.05). NMDA receptor antagonization by memantine impaired memory function but did not alter any neuroendocrine measure of counterregulatory attenuation (p > 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of the endocrine as well as symptomatic counterregulatory response to recurrent hypoglycaemia is not prevented by the NMDA receptor blocker memantine. Our results do not support the view that adaptation to repeated hypoglycaemia relies on NMDA receptor-mediated plastic processes involving long-term potentiation or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klement
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Born J, Renwart H, Ramquet C, Bonhomme V, Born JD. Traitement de la névralgie du trijumeau de la personne âgée par décompression microvasculaire. Neurochirurgie 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2012.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thienel M, Fischer S, Ott V, Born J, Heinrichs M, Hallschmid M. Sensitivity to oxytocin's effects on social face processing is enhanced in homosexual compared to heterosexual men. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Groch S, Wilhelm I, Diekelmann S, Born J. The role of REM sleep in the processing of emotional memories: evidence from behavior and event-related potentials. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 99:1-9. [PMID: 23123802 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotional memories are vividly remembered for the long-term. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been repeatedly proposed to support the superior retention of emotional memories. However, its exact contribution and, specifically, whether its effect is mainly on the consolidation of the contents or the processing of the affective component of emotional memories is not clear. Here, we investigated the effects of sleep rich in slow wave sleep (SWS) or REM sleep on the consolidation of emotional pictures and the accompanying changes in affective tone, using event-related potentials (ERPs) together with subjective ratings of valence and arousal. Sixteen healthy, young men learned 50 negative and 50 neutral pictures before 3-h retention sleep intervals that were filled with either SWS-rich early or REM sleep-rich late nocturnal sleep. In accordance with our hypothesis, recognition was better for emotional pictures than neutral pictures after REM compared to SWS-rich sleep. This emotional enhancement after REM-rich sleep expressed itself in an increased late positive potential of the ERP over the frontal cortex 300-500 ms after stimulus onset for correctly classified old emotional pictures compared with new emotional and neutral pictures. Valence and arousal ratings of emotional pictures were not differentially affected by REM or SWS-rich sleep after learning. Our results corroborate that REM sleep contributes to the consolidation of emotional contents in memory, but suggest that the affective tone is preserved rather than reduced by the processing of emotional memories during REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Groch
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Abstract
In recent years, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a principal site of insulin action. This notion is supported by studies in animals relying on intracerebroventricular insulin infusion and by experiments in humans that make use of the intranasal pathway of insulin administration to the brain. Employing neurobehavioural and metabolic measurements as well as functional imaging techniques, these studies have provided insight into a broad range of central and peripheral effects of brain insulin. The present review focuses on CNS effects of insulin administered via the intranasal route on cognition, in particular memory function, and whole-body energy homeostasis including glucose metabolism. Furthermore, evidence is reviewed that suggests a pathophysiological role of impaired brain insulin signaling in obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are hallmarked by peripheral and possibly central nervous insulin resistance, as well as in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease where CNS insulin resistance might contribute to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ott
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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Verleger R, Yordanova J, Kolev V, Wagner U, Born J. Gesteigerte α- (8-12Hz) Aktivität während slow-wave sleep als Marker für den Übergang von impliziter Kenntnis zu expliziter Einsicht. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. T. Nikolova
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover
- Centre for Systems Neurosciences, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Fellbrich
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover
| | - J. Born
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover
| | - R. Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover
- Centre for Systems Neurosciences, Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover
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Witt K, Margraf N, Bieber C, Born J, Deuschl G. Sleep consolidates the effector-independent representation of a motor skill. Neuroscience 2010; 171:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bieber C, Margraf N, Deuschl G, Born J, Witt K. Sleep saves the effector independent representation of a motor skill. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dodt C, Hansen K, Uthgenannt D, Born J, Fehm HL. Cholinergic potentiation of the meal-related rise in ACTH and cortisol concentrations in men. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 102:460-6. [PMID: 7890023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of physostigmine, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, on the secretory activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)--axis under basal (experiment I) and stimulated (experiment II) conditions in young healthy men. In a third experiment, the effect of scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, on HPA secretory activity after physiological stimulation was tested. The experiments started between 09.00 and 10.00 a.m.. After a resting period of 1.5 h, either physostigmine (0.0125 mg per kg body weight soluted in isotonic saline) or placebo (saline) was infused within 15 min. In experiment I subjects (n = 7) remained fasting while in experiment II (n = 18) a standardized lunch was offered after the infusion. Experiment III (n = 7) was designed as experiment II but instead of physostigmine, scopolamine or placebo (0.5 mg) was subcutaneously injected 105 min before the meal. Blood for the determination of ACTH and cortisol was drawn in regular intervals during the experiments. Physostigmine did not change basal ACTH and cortisol secretion per se, excluding activation of basal HPA secretion due to acetylcholineesterase inhibition and its non specific side effects. Meal intake stimulated ACTH and cortisol secretion which was significantly enhanced when physostigmine was administered (p < 0.05). Scopolamine did not influence the meal related ACTH and cortisol secretion. These findings demonstrate that cholinergic neurotransmission is able to increase ACTH and cortisol concentrations in humans. This effect seems to be complementary to other stimulatory neurotransmitter systems, and is functional during stimulated HPA secretory activity and not under basal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dodt
- Klinische Forschergruppe Klinische Neuroendokrinologie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck
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Fehm HL, Späth-Schwalbe E, Pietrowsky R, Kern W, Born J. Entrainment of nocturnal pituitary-adrenocortical activity to sleep processes in man--a hypothesis. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 101:267-76. [PMID: 8299702 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The 24 hr patterns of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations are characterized by prominent circadian and ultradian oscillations. Usually both, nadir and acrophase of the circadian rhythm occur during sleep. This led us to re-evaluated the temporal relationship between sleep processes and nocturnal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and the impact of several types of sleep manipulation (sleep delay, sleep disruption, sleep prolongation, sleep deprivation, and reversal of the sleep-wake cycle). Pituitary-adrenocortical activity appeared to be linked to the cyclic process of nocturnal sleep with inhibitory influences present during the first two sleep cycles. After initiation of the third sleep cycle stimulatory effects of sleep prevailed, lasting until awakening. The sleep associated influences appeared to act in concert with influences of circadian oscillators and resulted in an amplification of the circadian rhythm of pituitary-adrenal activity; they were strong enough to entrain the circadian rhythm of the pituitary-adrenal system to the sleep-wake cycle, as long as phase delays were moderate. However, with acute sleep-wake reversals the sleep associated influences were masked by the dominant effects of the circadian clock. In contrast, GH secretion appeared to be controlled primarily be sleep-associated mechanism with only minor circadian influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Fehm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinischen Universität Lübeck
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Klement J, Pais I, Hallschmid M, Hubold C, Knispel A, Oltmanns KM, Schultes B, Born J, Peters A. Blocking AMPA receptor signalling by caroverine infusion does not affect counter-regulation of hypoglycaemia in healthy men. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1192-6. [PMID: 19343318 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glutamatergic pathways are assumed to play a critical role in the hormonal stress response to hypoglycaemia. In rats, glutamate signalling at the amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol propionate (AMPA) receptor contributes to hormone release induced by behavioural stressors. We hypothesised that blocking the AMPA receptor by caroverine in healthy men would impair their perception of neuroglycopenia and thereby diminish hormonal counter-regulation as well as symptoms of hypoglycaemia, as a model of stress. METHODS In a balanced double-blind study, two hypoglycaemic clamp sessions (mean blood glucose 2.4 mmol/l for 50 min) were performed in ten healthy men during intravenous administration of 80 mg caroverine or placebo. We assessed concentrations of counter-regulatory hormones as well as subjective symptoms related to hypoglycaemia. RESULTS AMPA receptor antagonisation by caroverine did not influence the perception of neuroglycopenic and autonomic hypoglycaemia-associated symptoms (p > 0.39 for all). Notwithstanding, caroverine did increase basal and counter-regulatory glucagon secretion (p < 0.002) and slightly enhanced counter-regulatory growth hormone concentrations (p = 0.07). Counter-regulatory release of ACTH, cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) did not differ between conditions (p > 0.11 for all). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Antagonising AMPA receptor signalling by caroverine infusion failed to diminish and even slightly amplified counter-regulatory hormone release during hypoglycaemia in healthy men. The discrepancy with previous findings in rats may be due to different dosages or administration routes and calls for further investigations on the role of AMPA receptor signalling in hypoglycaemia counter-regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klement
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
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Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Wilms B, Lehnert H, Born J, Schultes B. Eingeschränkte Glukosetoleranz und Insulinsensitivität nach moderater Schlafrestriktion. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nikolova Z, Born J, Fellbrich A, Wittfoth M, Dengler R, Schröder C. Affective speech processing in patients with primary cervical dystonia. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hallschmid M, Wilhelm I, Michel C, Lehnert H, Born J, Perras B. Intranasal growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) impairs declarative memory consolidation and GH secretion during nocturnal wakefulness. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benedict C, Kern W, Schmid SM, Schultes B, Lehnert H, Born J, Hallschmid M. Early morning rise in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity: a role for maintaining the brain's energy balance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS Hypoglycaemia during wakefulness increases hunger and food intake. Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of recurrent hypoglycaemia and weight gain. Given the background of frequent hypoglycaemic episodes during night-time sleep in diabetic patients, we investigated morning food intake after nocturnal hypoglycaemia. METHODS We tested 16 healthy normal-weight subjects (eight women) on three nights. A linear fall in plasma glucose to a nadir of 2.2 mmol/l within 60 min was induced by insulin infusion immediately after sleep onset ('early hypo') or after about 3.5 h of sleep ('late hypo'). On a control night, no hypoglycaemia was induced. Spontaneous food intake at a breakfast buffet was registered on the subsequent morning. RESULTS Compared with the control condition (700 +/- 93 kcal), subjects ate more after 'late hypo' (867 +/- 108 kcal; P = 0.041), but not after 'early hypo' (852 +/- 111 kcal; P = 0.130). Analyses of macronutrient fractions revealed that in comparison with the control condition, subjects ate significantly more carbohydrates after both 'late hypo' (277 +/- 25 kcal vs. 206 +/- 23 kcal, P < 0.001) and 'early hypo' (245 +/- 23 kcal, P = 0.048), with this effect being more pronounced after late than early nocturnal hypoglycaemia (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS In healthy subjects, nocturnal hypoglycaemia during sleep stimulates spontaneous food intake the following morning, with carbohydrate intake being especially affected. Effects were more pronounced after 'late hypo', suggesting the influence of temporal dynamics. Although healthy non-diabetic subjects were studied, similar mechanisms may contribute to the frequently observed body weight gain in insulin-treated diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Insulin acts in the brain to reduce food intake and body weight and is considered a major adiposity signal in energy homeostasis. In normal-weight men, intranasal insulin administration reduces body fat and improves declarative memory. The present experiments aimed to generalize these findings to obese patients, with a view to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the compound. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS Insulin and placebo, respectively, were intranasally administered four times a day (amounting to 160 IU day(-1)) over 8 weeks to two groups of 15 obese men each. RESULTS Contrasting with the catabolic effects in normal-weight men, insulin treatment did not induce any significant reduction of body weight (P>0.50) and body fat (P>0.44) in the obese subjects. However, in accordance with the effects in normal-weight men, declarative memory and mood were improved (P<0.05) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as assessed by circulating ACTH (P<0.01) and cortisol levels (P<0.04) was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in obese men, intranasal insulin is functionally active in the central nervous system but fails to affect the neuronal networks critically involved in body weight regulation. We conclude that obesity in men is associated with central nervous resistance to the adiposity signal insulin. This defect likely contributes to the persistence of obesity in spite of elevated levels of circulating insulin in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hallschmid
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Benedict C, Kern W, Schultes B, Born J, Hallschmid M. Differential effects of acute intranasal insulin administration on memory and food intake in men and women. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jauch-Chara K, Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Born J, Schultes B. Altered neuroendocrine sleep architecture in patients with type 1 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Born J, Kern W. Reduction of food intake by insulin detemir in comparison to regular human insulin. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Perras B, Berkemeier E, Rasch B, Fehm HL, Born J. PreproTRH(158-183) fails to affect pituitary-adrenal response to CRH/vasopressin in man: a pilot study. Neuropeptides 2007; 41:233-8. [PMID: 17482675 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-glucocorticoid inhibitors of the HPA-system are of utmost interest in the treatment of diseases with impaired regulation of this system, like the metabolic syndrome and depression. In rats, a fragment of the thyreotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) preprohormone, preproTRH((178-199)), has been demonstrated to inhibit basal and stimulated secretion of cortisol. Our pilot study aimed to explore the first time similar effects of the homologue peptide preproTRH((158-183)) in healthy humans. In a double-blind within-subject comparison, eight healthy young men were infused intravenously with placebo and preproTRH((158-183)) at varying doses of 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight. After 15 min of infusion a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)/vasopressin-test was performed. Plasma concentrations of pituitary hormones and free thyroxine, blood pressure, heart rate and feelings of activation and mood were assessed repeatedly at close intervals. Individual hormone profiles and collapsed data across all doses did not reveal any effects of preproTRH((158-183)) on HPA-activity, although it increased TSH and fT4, stimulated the release of GH and increased systolic blood pressure in the course of the experiment (p<0.05, for all effects). Self-reports indicated enhanced feelings of activation and general well-being following preproTRH (p<0.05). Our data exclude a substantial inhibitory effect of preproTRH((158-183)) on HPA secretory activity and, thus, contrast with findings in rats. In humans, the peptide appears to even exert an albeit weak stimulatory effect on autonomic stress systems as indicated by increased cardiovascular activity in combination with enhanced subjective arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Perras
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M, Schmid SM, Oltmanns KM, Peters A, Born J, Schultes B. Plasma glucagon decreases during night-time sleep in Type 1 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects. Diabet Med 2007; 24:684-7. [PMID: 17381498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia is known to disappear within a few months after the onset of the disease, whereas the response to other stimuli remains intact. The dynamics of spontaneous glucagon release have rarely been assessed. We monitored spontaneous glucagon release in T1DM patients and healthy subjects during a 7-h period of night-time sleep. METHODS Measurements were made in 14 T1DM patients and 14 control subjects matched for age, gender and body mass index after one night's adaptation in our laboratory. Circulating glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured at 30-min intervals. In diabetic patients, hypoglycaemia (< 3.9 mmol/l) was avoided by infusion of glucose whenever necessary. RESULTS During the entire night, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were higher in T1DM patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively). Plasma glucagon concentrations decreased throughout the night in both groups (P < 0.001). Glucagon levels were similar in T1DM patients and healthy subjects (P > 0.87). The duration of diabetes (less and more than 5 years) did not affect glucagon secretion (P > 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Plasma glucagon levels decrease significantly during night-time sleep in healthy control subjects. This nocturnal decrease is preserved in T1DM patients regardless of the duration of diabetes. These observations point to distinct nocturnal regulation of spontaneous glucagon release that does not depend on circulating glucose and insulin levels and is unaltered in T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jauch-Chara
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M, Schmid SM, Born J, Schultes B. Sleep loss does not aggravate the deteriorating effect of hypoglycemia on neurocognitive functions. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kühn J, Pais I, Hubold C, Hallschmid M, Born J, Fehm HL, Peters A. AMPA receptor antagonist caroverine has no effect on hypoglycaemic counterregulation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oltmanns K, Melchert U, Scholand-Engler H, Howitz M, Schultes B, Petersen D, Fehm H, Born J, Peters A. Differential energetic response of brain vs. skeletal muscle upon hyperglycemia in humans. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmid SM, Jauch-Chara K, Born J, Schultes B, Hallschmid M. Lactate infusion during euglycemia but not during hypoglycemia reduces subsequent food intake. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pais I, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Schmid SM, Oltmanns KM, Peters A, Born J, Schultes B. Mood and Cognitive Functions During Acute Euglycaemia and Mild Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007; 115:42-6. [PMID: 17286234 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-957348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycaemia at levels above 15 mmol/l has been shown to impair cognitive functions in type 2 diabetic patients, while effects of mild hyperglycaemia and acute euglycaemia on mood and cognition have rarely been compared. We examined mood and cognitive functions in patients with T2DM during acute euglycaemia in comparison with moderate hyperglycaemia. METHODS One euglycaemic (5 mmol/l) and one hyperglycaemic clamp (10.5 mmol/l) of 90 min each were performed in 15 T2DM patients in a balanced, single-blind, within-subject comparison. Mood, cognitive functions (assessed via short-term memory and attention tests) and symptoms related to glycaemic changes were assessed during a baseline period and during both glycaemic plateaus. In addition, patients estimated their blood glucose level and counterregulatory hormones were measured. RESULTS None of the assessed aspects of cognitive functions differed between conditions (all p > or = 0.2). Patients rated higher on the well-being scale (p=0.04) and tended to feel less anger (p=0.08) during hyperglycaemia. Self-estimated blood glucose levels were higher during the hyper- than euglycaemic condition (8.6 +/- 2.5 vs 7.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/l; p<0.05) although most individual estimations did not match the actual glucose levels. Counterregulatory hormone levels did not differ (all p>0.25). CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that T2DM patients are not cognitively impaired by moderate hyperglycaemia (10.5 mmol/l), pointing to the possibility of a glycaemic threshold for cognitive impairments at higher glycaemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pais
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Peters A, Pellerin L, Dallman MF, Oltmanns KM, Schweiger U, Born J, Fehm HL. Causes of obesity: looking beyond the hypothalamus. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 81:61-88. [PMID: 17270337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain takes a primary position in the organism. We present the novel view that the brain gives priority to controlling its own adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. It fulfils this tenet by orchestrating metabolism in the organism. The brain activates an energy-on-request system that directly couples cerebral supply with cerebral need. The request system is hierarchically organized among the cerebral hemispheres, the hypothalamus, and peripheral somatomotor, autonomic-visceromotor, and the neuroendocrine-secretomotor neurons. The system initiates allocative behavior (i.e. allocation of energy from body to brain), ingestive behavior (intake of energy from the immediate environment), or exploratory behavior (foraging in the distant environment). Cerebral projections coordinate all three behavioral strategies in such a way that the brain's energy supply is guaranteed continuously. In an ongoing learning process, the brain's request system adapts to various environmental conditions and stressful challenges. Disruption of a cerebral energy-request pathway is critical to the development of obesity: if the brain fails to receive sufficient energy from the peripheral body, it compensates for the undersupply by increasing energy intake from the immediate environment, leaving the body with a surplus. Obesity develops in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
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Binkofski F, Ertelt D, Reetz K, Nitschke M, Witt K, Born J. Forgetting in sleep – sleep-induced forgetting of irrelevant memories. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmid SM, Jauch-Chara K, Oltmanns KM, Born J, Schultes B, Hallschmid M. Süßgeschmack erhöht den postprandialen Blutzuckeranstieg nach Glukoseaufnahme. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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