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Beale J. Successful sample preparation for serial crystallography at synchrotrons and XFELs. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322096401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Shantakumar S, Ho YF, Beale J, Gribben B. Burden of illness in blood eosinophilic phenotype COPD patients in New Zealand. Respir Investig 2021; 59:487-497. [PMID: 33994346 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world data on eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)'s clinical burden, in exacerbating/stable states, and the stability of blood eosinophil count (BEC) measurements are limited. We described measured BEC distributions among general practice COPD patients in New Zealand (NZ). METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized the NZ-HealthStat primary care database. Participants were aged ≥40 years, with ≥1 BEC 6 months following a COPD diagnosis code during 2011-2012. Descriptive analyses included examinations of BEC stability and association with COPD exacerbations/treatments/comorbidities. RESULTS The most frequent COPD comorbidity was asthma (n = 1180/2909, 40.56%). Among COPD patients: 65% had BECs >150 cells/μL; 35% had BECs >300 cells/μL (non-mutually exclusive threshold categories). Treatment patterns were similar, except for more frequent inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting beta2-agonist use in COPD patients with asthma history (51%) than those without (31%). Factors associated with BECs >150 cells/μL in participants without ICS treatment included Māori/Pacific ethnicity, obesity, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, and exacerbation history. When stratified by asthma history, ICS treatment, and neutrophil count above/below 5000 cells/μL, geometric mean BECs ranged from 136.70 to 398.52 cells/μL. Exploratory analyses showed a fair-good COPD/BEC measurement stability over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Asthma was a common COPD comorbidity in NZ, particularly in Māori/Pacific patients. No overall relationship was observed between BEC/COPD exacerbations, which may reflect background ICS confounding. However, analyses in non-ICS treated participants suggested that Māori/Pacific patients with obesity and COPD, OCS treatment, exacerbation history, and/or elevated BECs are at the highest risk of COPD exacerbations. One BEC measurement appears a good indicator of a patient's BECs over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Shantakumar
- Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, 50 Beach Road, #21-00 Gateway West, Singapore, 189720, Singapore
| | - Yu-Fan Ho
- Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, 50 Beach Road, #21-00 Gateway West, Singapore, 189720, Singapore
| | - Janine Beale
- Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, Zurich House, 21 Queen Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Barry Gribben
- Public Sector Surveying, CBG Health Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Milea D, Yeo SH, Nam Y, Navarro Rojas AA, Shantakumar S, Beale J, Marett B, Young RP, Scott RJ, Gribben B. Long-Acting Bronchodilator Use in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care in New Zealand: A Retrospective Study of Treatment Patterns and Evolution Using the HealthStat Database. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1075-1091. [PMID: 33907394 PMCID: PMC8068498 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s290887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long-acting bronchodilator (LABD) use is the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Few studies describe evolving patterns of LABD use in the setting of changing inhaler availability and updated clinical guidelines. Methods A retrospective cohort study in New Zealand using the HealthStat general practice database (01/2014 to 04/2018). Eligible patients (aged ≥40 years) had COPD and ≥1 LABD prescription (long-acting muscarinic antagonist [LAMA] and/or long-acting β2-agonist [LABA]) during the index period (05/2015 to 04/2016). Demographics and clinical characteristics of all LABD users (overall/by treatment) were described at baseline. Patients starting LABD treatment during the index period, termed "new" users, were also described, as was their treatment evolution over 24 months of follow-up. Yearly LABD initiation rates were assessed from 2015 to 2017, covering changes to Pharmaceutical Management Agency criteria and clinical guidelines. Results Across 2140 eligible patients, the most common index treatments were inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA (59.0%) and open triple therapy (LAMA+LABA+ICS; 26.7%). ICS/LABA therapy was highest in younger patients, with open triple therapy highest in older patients. Prior yearly exacerbation rates were lowest in those receiving monotherapy (LABA: 0.9/year; LAMA: 1.1/year) versus dual therapy (all 1.4/year) and open triple therapy (2.2/year). Of 312 new LABD users, ICS/LABA was the most common index treatment (69.6%), followed by LAMA monotherapy (16.0%). Continuous use with index treatment was 31.1% at 12 months and 13.5% at 24 months; mean time to treatment change was 175.5 and 244.1 days, respectively. Among patients modifying treatment at 24 months, 23.0% augmented, 7.0% switched, 45.6% re-started, and 24.4% discontinued/stepped down. Among patients initiating LABD each year from 2015 to 2017, LAMA prescription increased (17% to 46%) while ICS prescription remained stable (approximately 20%). Conclusion Predominant use of ICS/LABA (05/2015 to 04/2016) reflects available LABDs and previous restrictions on LAMA use in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Milea
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Greater China and Intercontinental, 139234, Singapore
| | - See-Hwee Yeo
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Greater China and Intercontinental, 139234, Singapore
| | - Yein Nam
- Real World Evidence & Epidemiology, Adelphi Real World, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Aldo Amador Navarro Rojas
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Greater China and Intercontinental, 139234, Singapore
| | - Sumitra Shantakumar
- Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Greater China and Intercontinental, 139234, Singapore
| | - Janine Beale
- Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brett Marett
- Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert P Young
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn J Scott
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry Gribben
- Public Sector Surveying, CBG Health Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shantakumar S, Ho YF, Beale J, Gribben B. Characterization and burden of severe eosinophilic asthma in New Zealand: Results from the HealthStat Database. Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:662. [PMID: 32983453 PMCID: PMC7460659 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This retrospective cohort study aimed to characterize epidemiology, medication use and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of patients diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) compared to other patients with asthma in New Zealand. Methods Adult patients with asthma with no concurrent diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) were identified from the HealthStat primary care database and the National Minimum Dataset using asthma diagnosis, hospital codes and prescriptions. Patients with SEA were identified using a 1-year baseline period (2011) and were those with: inhaled corticosteroid prescription above medium dose (including high dose) plus controller medication, ≥2 exacerbations, and eosinophils ≥300 cells/μl (or ≥150 in 6 weeks prior to index date); patients were followed for 1 year (2012). Results 160/3,276 (4.9%) asthmatics with available eosinophil counts met SEA criteria. Patients with SEA were more likely to be Māori, former smokers, have more comorbidities, higher mean BMI and higher neutrophil counts compared with other patients with asthma. In the follow up period, SEA patients had over 4 times as many exacerbations; incidence of exacerbations of the same frequency was highest in Māori patients. Conclusions Compared with other patients with asthma, SEA patients had over 1.5 times as many respiratory treatment prescriptions and higher all-cause HCRU and total healthcare costs; asthma-related healthcare costs were 3.6 times greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Shantakumar
- Department of Real World Evidence and Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Asia House, Singapore
| | - Yu-Fan Ho
- Department of Real World Evidence and Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Asia House, Singapore
| | - Janine Beale
- Department of Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Auckland, New Zealand
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Shipman M, Armitage S, Beale J, Brawley SJ, Fayer SE, Garner AJ, Leslie DE, Van Reeth P, Laricchia G. Absolute Differential Positronium-Formation Cross Sections. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:033401. [PMID: 26230792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The first absolute experimental determinations of the differential cross sections for the formation of ground-state positronium are presented for He, Ar, H2, and CO2 near 0°. Results are compared with available theories. The ratio of the differential and integrated cross sections for the targets exposes the higher propensity for forward emission of positronium formed from He and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shipman
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Armitage
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Beale
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S J Brawley
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S E Fayer
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A J Garner
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D E Leslie
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P Van Reeth
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G Laricchia
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Beale J, Jayaraman A, Jackson DJ, Macintyre JDR, Edwards MR, Walton RP, Zhu J, Man Ching Y, Shamji B, Edwards M, Westwick J, Cousins DJ, Yi Hwang Y, McKenzie A, Johnston SL, Bartlett NW. Rhinovirus-induced IL-25 in asthma exacerbation drives type 2 immunity and allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:256ra134. [PMID: 25273095 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs), which are the most common cause of virally induced asthma exacerbations, account for much of the burden of asthma in terms of morbidity, mortality, and associated cost. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) activates type 2-driven inflammation and is therefore potentially important in virally induced asthma exacerbations. To investigate this, we examined whether RV-induced IL-25 could contribute to asthma exacerbations. RV-infected cultured asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells exhibited a heightened intrinsic capacity for IL-25 expression, which correlated with donor atopic status. In vivo human IL-25 expression was greater in asthmatics at baseline and during experimental RV infection. In addition, in mice, RV infection induced IL-25 expression and augmented allergen-induced IL-25. Blockade of the IL-25 receptor reduced many RV-induced exacerbation-specific responses including type 2 cytokine expression, mucus production, and recruitment of eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, and T and non-T type 2 cells. Therefore, asthmatic epithelial cells have an increased intrinsic capacity for expression of a pro-type 2 cytokine in response to a viral infection, and IL-25 is a key mediator of RV-induced exacerbations of pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Beale
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Annabelle Jayaraman
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Jackson
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D R Macintyre
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yee Man Ching
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Betty Shamji
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - Matt Edwards
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - John Westwick
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Horsham, UK
| | - David J Cousins
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King College London, UK
| | - You Yi Hwang
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Centre for Respiratory Infections, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Gauthier NW, Polashock J, Veetil TT, Martin RR, Beale J. First Report of Blueberry Mosaic Disease Caused by Blueberry mosaic associated virus in Kentucky. Plant Dis 2015; 99:421. [PMID: 30699726 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-14-0946-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, a grower in Casey County, Kentucky, observed persistent yellow, green, and red mosaic patterns on leaves of highbush blueberry plants. Twenty-three randomly-scattered cv. Bluecrop plants out of approximately 1,400 5-year-old plants showed symptoms, with coverage on each plant ranging from 5 to 100%. Asymptomatic canes bloomed normally and produced fruit; affected canes were stunted and did not bloom. These symptoms are generally consistent with those described for blueberry mosaic disease (BMD) (1,3), the casual agent of which is Blueberry mosaic associated virus (BlMaV) (4). All plants were purchased from a local nursery, but their origin was unknown. In 2012, leaves from each of five symptomatic plants were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for BlMaV. Total nucleic acid was isolated from the symptomatic leaves, and asymptomatic leaves of randomly selected healthy plants served as negative controls. The CTAB method was used as described (2), and RNA was isolated using lithium chloride. cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript VILO cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Two different primer sets were used for detection of BlMaV; BlMaVCP5'-1F (GGTTGATGGATGCTTACGAA) and BlMaVRNA3-1378R (CTTCACTTACCACATTATACATCTC) to amplify a 1,370-bp portion of RNA3 and RNA2-2F (TTCGATCCCAGCCCTCTCCC) and RNA2-2R (AGGCAAAGGGAAAGAAATTCAGGTGTC) to amplify a 1,281-bp portion of RNA2. All symptomatic samples tested by RT-PCR yielded a fragment for each primer set, and the amplicon sizes were as expected. No fragments were amplified from the negative controls. To further confirm diagnosis, the primer sets noted above were used to re-amplify the same two fragments from each of three of the samples. These fragments were cloned and sequenced on the CEQ8000 (Beckman-Coulter, Brea, CA) using the GenomeLab DTCS Quick Start sequencing kit (Beckman-Coulter) and the universal M13 forward and reverse primers as well as internal primers: BlMaV-CP Int 1F (ACAATTAAGAAGTCCTCGTAT), BlMaV-CP Int 2F (ATGTCCGGATGCTAGTCGCT), and BlMaV RNA2 IntR (GGTGGGGACGGAATAATACAGAG). All sequences were consistent with those now published for BlMaV, with 98% identity at the nucleic acid level for both fragments. In 2013, the grower removed plants with more than 50% symptomatic tissue, and no newly symptomatic plants were observed that year. Sixteen remaining symptomatic plants, as well as 36 asymptomatic plants adjacent to those with symptoms, were sampled and tested by RT-PCR. All symptomatic plants were confirmed to be infected with BlMaV, as well as 30 of the 36 asymptomatic plants. It has been suggested that newly infected plants may take a year to express symptoms (5), which may explain the finding of 30 infected but asymptomatic plants. This is the first report of an association of BIMaV with BMD in Kentucky. These results indicate that BMD can establish in Kentucky blueberry fields. References: (1) R. R. Martin et al. Viruses 4:2831-2852, 2012. (2) J. J. Polashock et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1116, 2009. (3) D. C. Ramsdell. In: Compendium of Blueberry and Cranberry Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1995. (4) T. Thekke-Veetil et al. Virus Res. 189:92, 2014. (5) E. H. Varney. Phytopathology 47:307, 1957.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T T Veetil
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | | | - J Beale
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
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Beale J, Bird L, Newstead S, Owens R. A structural and biophysical comparison between the extra-cellular domains from the mammalian peptide transporters, PepT1 and PepT2. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767313099662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tong D, Roberts L, Beale J, Jangwal H, Baradi A, Jackson D, Naidu P, Rowe M, Cheong Y, Proimos G, Fernando D, Goods C, New G. Trends in PCI Over the Last Decade at Box Hill Hospital (BHH). Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baradi A, Andrianopoulos N, Roberts L, Jackson D, Duffy S, Clark D, Ajani A, Farouque O, Beale J, Naidu P, New G. PCI Outcomes in Native Arteries Versus Saphenous Vein Grafts (SVG) Versus Arterial Grafts. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shields C, Roberts L, Munnar K, Jangwal H, Tong D, Beale J, Phan M, Burton A, Collins B, Scully C, Rowe M, Cheong Y, Proimos G, Fernando D, Goods C, New G. A Decade of PCI Experience with Off-site Surgical Back-up at Box Hill Hospital: What Have We Learnt? Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sidharta S, Roberts L, Briganti E, Mirzaee S, John N, Mascaro J, Beale J, New G. Survival Following Out of Hospital VF Arrest Due to STEMI. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Positronium (Ps), a hydrogen-like atom composed of an electron and its antimatter partner, the positron, is formed in considerable quantities whenever positrons interact with matter. It has unexpectedly been found to scatter from a wide variety of atoms and molecules in a way very similar to that of a bare electron moving at the same velocity, despite Ps being neutral and twice the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Brawley
- UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Walls B, Mohammad S, Campbell J, Archer L, Beale J. Negative pressure dressings for severe hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): a case report. J Wound Care 2010; 19:457-60. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2010.19.10.79094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Walls
- HCA Largo Medical Center, Wound Care Center, Largo, FL, USA
| | - S. Mohammad
- HCA Largo Medical Center, Wound Care Center, Largo, FL, USA
| | - J. Campbell
- HCA Largo Medical Center, Wound Care Center, Largo, FL, USA
| | - L. Archer
- HCA Largo Medical Center, Wound Care Center, Largo, FL, USA
| | - J. Beale
- HCA Largo Medical Center, Wound Care Center, Largo, FL, USA
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Butler GJ, Al-Waili N, Passano DV, Ramos J, Chavarri J, Beale J, Allen MW, Lee BY, Urteaga G, Salom K. Altitude mountain sickness among tourist populations: a review and pathophysiology supporting management with hyperbaric oxygen. J Med Eng Technol 2010; 35:197-207. [PMID: 20836748 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2010.497890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the mountain climbing community, conventional prevention of altitude mountain sickness (AMS) relies primarily on a formal acclimatization period. AMS symptoms during mountaineering climbs are managed with medication, oxygen and minor recompression (1524-2438 m altitude) using a portable chamber, such as the Gamow Bag. This is not always an acceptable therapy alternative in a predominantly elderly tourist population. The primary problem with reduced pressure at high altitude is hypoxaemia, which causes increased sympathetic activity, induces pulmonary venous constriction, while increasing pulmonary blood flow and regional perfusion. Rapid assents to altitude contribute to an increased incidence of decompression sickness (DCS). The treatment of choice for DCS is hyperbaric oxygenation, thus, treatment of high-altitude induced hypoxaemia using hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO(2)) is logical. Life Support Technologies group and the Center for Investigation of Altitude Medicine (CIMA, in Cusco, Peru) propose a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to AMS management. This approach encompasses traditional and advanced medical interventions including the use of a clinical HBO(2) chamber capable of recompression to three times greater than sea level pressure (3 atmosphere absolute (ATA)). The system uses a series of AMS hyperbaric treatment profiles that LST has previously developed to the US military and NASA, and that take greater advantage of vasoconstrictive effects of oxygen under true hyperbaric conditions of 1.25 ATA. These profiles virtually eliminate AMS rebound after the initial treatment often seen in conventional AMS treatment, where the patient is either treated at altitude, or does not recompress back to sea level or greater pressure (1.25 ATA), but returns directly to the same altitude where AMS symptoms first manifested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleen J Butler
- Life Support Technologies Group - NEWT Technologies, INC-New York, USA
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Hamer A, McGregor E, Snell A, Beale J, Roberts L. Reactive Hypoglycemia in Hypotensive Syncope. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ching SL, Sapontis J, Moore M, Childs W, Beale J, Roberts L, Rowe M, Goods C, Proimos G, New G. Thirty-day and 1 year MACE follow-up of elective and non-ST elevation ACS. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roberts L, Moore M, Ching SL, Sapontis J, Childs W, Beale J, Murray A, McCormack M, New G. The SHIPEM REGISTRY: Shipping infarcts for primary angioplasty in Eastern Melbourne. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wilcock A, Thomas J, Frisby J, Webster M, Keeley V, Finn G, Fossey K, Wee B, Beale J, Lennard MS. Potential for drug interactions involving cytochrome P450 in patients attending palliative day care centres: a multicentre audit. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 60:326-9. [PMID: 16120073 PMCID: PMC1884769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the potential for drug interactions involving cytochrome P450 (CYP) in patients receiving palliative day care. METHODS Drugs used by patients attending four specialist palliative day care centres were reviewed to identify combinations that could result in a pharmacokinetic interaction via any of the five main human forms of CYP. RESULTS Of 160 patients, 145 (91%) were prescribed at least one drug that was a substrate, inhibitor or inducer of one of the five main CYP isoforms. Twenty-four drug combinations, involving 34 patients, could have given rise to a clinically important interaction. CONCLUSIONS Prescribers should be aware that in this group of patients, one in five are at risk of a clinically important CYP-mediated drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilcock
- Hayward House Macmillan Specialist Palliative Cancer Care Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- Centre for Occupational and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 63 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AS.
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Abstract
In this paper we consider the main steps in the process of manufacture of oral polio vaccine and assess the probable clearance factor for HIV retrovirus at each step. We conclude that the processes employed would have eliminated retrovirus contamination for all practical purposes.
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Beale J. Of airships, space shuttles, and biological products. J R Soc Med 1997; 90:166-9. [PMID: 9135621 PMCID: PMC1296188 DOI: 10.1177/014107689709000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Beale J. Community based services for disabled people--a personal opinion. N Z Nurs J 1988; 81:26-7. [PMID: 2968529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liew FY, Russell SM, Appleyard G, Brand CM, Beale J. Cross-protection in mice infected with influenza A virus by the respiratory route is correlated with local IgA antibody rather than serum antibody or cytotoxic T cell reactivity. Eur J Immunol 1984; 14:350-6. [PMID: 6609824 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830140414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice previously infected with an aerosol of A/Rec 31 influenza virus were strongly protected against an aerosol challenge with A/Vic influenza as judged by lung virus titers recovered 2 days after the challenge infection. Such complete homotypic immunity was not achieved by priming with live Rec 31 virus injected i.v. or UV-inactivated Rec 31 virus administered s.c. together with Al(OH)3 and saponin. The reason for the superior protective effect of the natural infection was investigated. The protection induced by respiratory infection with Rec 31 virus was specific for influenza A viruses. It was not correlated with specific serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer or cross-reactive cytotoxic T (Tc) cell reactivity. Moreover, the transfer of splenic and lymphoid T cell populations with strong secondary Tc activity did not significantly reduce lung virus titers in recipient mice 3 days after infection. The protection however occurred in parallel with the presence of cross-reactive IgA antibody in the lung washings. It thus appears that local secretory IgA plays a causal role in the prevention of cross-infection by influenza A virus. Serum antibody and Tc cells, on the other hand, may be crucial for recovery from such infection. All mice primed with live Rec 31 virus, administered i.v. or by aerosol and expressing equally high levels of Tc reactivity, survived a lethal challenge with A/PR8 virus. The same challenge, however, killed half of the mice immunized s.c. with inactivated Rec 31 virus which induced only a low level of Tc reactivity.
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Beale J. Letter: Minors and contraception. Br Med J 1974; 2:563. [PMID: 4407138 PMCID: PMC1610939 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5918.563-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Beale J. Good Taste in Advertising. West J Med 1968. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5612.254-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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