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Capuco A, Urits I, Hasoon J, Chun R, Gerald B, Wang JK, Ngo AL, Simopoulos T, Kaye AD, Colontonio MM, Parker-Actlis TQ, Fuller MC, Viswanath O. Retraction Note: Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:129. [PMID: 36971925 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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2
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Wang JK, Zheng L, Cheng NS, Li FY. [Whole view of the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:291-296. [PMID: 36822585 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20221212-00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is a group of malignancies which originate from biliary epithelium, and adenocarcinoma is the main pathological type. Although surgical resection is the only radical treatment strategy, most biliary tract cancer patients are diagnosed at locally advanced stage or with distant metastasis. Biliary tract cancer is highly resistant to the conventional chemoradiotherapy and the emerging immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors, owing to the suppressive immune microenvironment. In a whole view, this paper discussed the anti-tumor and tumor-promoting immune responses of the various immune cells and stromal cells in the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer, as well as their correlation with prognosis. The understanding of the whole view of immune microenvironment in biliary tract cancer patients could further inform the design of clinical trials of immunotherapy or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wang
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
| | - L Zheng
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore 21287,USA
| | - N S Cheng
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
| | - F Y Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
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3
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Diao JA, Wu GJ, Wang JK, Kohane IS, Taylor HA, Tighiouart H, Levey AS, Inker LA, Powe NR, Manrai AK. National Projections for Clinical Implications of Race-Free Creatinine-Based GFR Estimating Equations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:309-321. [PMID: 36368777 PMCID: PMC10103103 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Kidney Foundation and American Society of Nephrology Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease recently recommended a new race-free creatinine-based equation for eGFR. The effect on recommended clinical care across race and ethnicity groups is unknown. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional questionnaires and medical examinations from 44,360 participants collected between 2001 and 2018 by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We quantified the number and proportion of Black, White, Hispanic, and Asian/Other adults with guideline-recommended changes in care. RESULTS The new equation, if applied nationally, could assign new CKD diagnoses to 434,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 350,000 to 517,000) Black adults, reclassify 584,000 (95% CI, 508,000 to 667,000) to more advanced stages of CKD, restrict kidney donation eligibility for 246,000 (95% CI, 189,000 to 303,000), expand nephrologist referrals for 41,800 (95% CI, 19,800 to 63,800), and reduce medication dosing for 222,000 (95% CI, 169,000 to 275,000). Among non-Black adults, these changes may undo CKD diagnoses for 5.51 million (95% CI, 4.86 million to 6.16 million), reclassify 4.59 million (95% CI, 4.28 million to 4.92 million) to less advanced stages of CKD, expand kidney donation eligibility for 3.96 million (95% CI, 3.46 million to 4.46 million), reverse nephrologist referral for 75,800 (95% CI, 35,400 to 116,000), and reverse medication dose reductions for 1.47 million (95% CI, 1.22 million to 1.73 million). The racial and ethnic mix of the populations used to develop eGFR equations has a substantial effect on potential care changes. CONCLUSION The newly recommended 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine-based eGFR equation may result in substantial changes to recommended care for US patients of all racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Diao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria J. Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason K. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse Medical School, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hocine Tighiouart
- Biostatistics Research Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S. Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lesley A. Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil R. Powe
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco and the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Arjun K. Manrai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Yu HP, Zheng Y, Lu LX, He YJ, Liang ZJ, Zhang LX, Wang JK, Qin JW, Li B, Li CY, Wang P, Dang Z, Zhang JC, Yu XH. [Preliminary study on the expression of MIF in HCC tissues and its relationship with ERK1/2 signaling pathway]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:1228-1233. [PMID: 36323564 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220502-00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of Macrophage migration-inhibitory factors (MIF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its interaction with ERK1/2 signaling pathway, so as to establish a theoretical basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of MIF promoting HCC. Methods: From February 2020 to August 2021, 52 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues based on hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 52 cases of adjacent tissues in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were collected as the experimental group, including 39 males and 13 females, aged 35-65 years. And 20 cases of normal liver tissue were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in liver tissues of the two groups, and in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 nucleic acid in liver tissues of the two groups.HepG2 HCC cells and L-02 normal hepatocytes were co-cultured with different concentrations of rMIF, the expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 proteins in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by Western-blot, and the expression levels of ERK1/2 nucleic acids in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for measurement data and χ2 test was used for counting data. Results: The expressions of MIF, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA were significantly increased in HCC and para-cancer tissues (the expression of MIF in HCC group was 78.8%, and that in adjacent group was 75.0%; ERK1/2 80.8% in HCC group and ERK1/2 71.8% in paracancerous group. The expression of p-ERK1/2 75.0 % in HCC group and 46.2% in paracancerous group were respectively detected. ERK1/2 mRNA was expressed in HCC group 76.9%, ERK1/2 mRNA expression in paracancerous group 78.8%), and the differences were statistically significant compared with normal liver tissues (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HCC and para-cancer tissues (P>0.05). The expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA in HepG2 HCC cells were significantly increased with the increase of rMIF concentration, and the increase was most obvious when rMIF concentration was 200 ng/ml, and the difference was statistically significant compared with L-02 normal hepatocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 are highly expressed in HCC tissues and HepG2 HCC cells, suggesting that MIF promotes the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Yu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Municipal Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - L X Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Y J He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Z J Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - J K Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - J W Qin
- Liver and Gallbladder Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - P Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Z Dang
- Liver and Gallbladder Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - J C Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - X H Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA,Lanzhou 730050, China
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Clift P, Berger F, Sondergaard L, Antonova P, Disney P, Nicolarsen J, Thambo JB, Tomkiewicz Pajak L, Wang JK, Schophuus Jensen A, Burgess G, Efficace M, Friberg M, Lassen C, d'Udekem Y. The efficacy and safety of macitentan in Fontan-palliated patients: results of the 52-week randomised, placebo-controlled RUBATO trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The clinical utility and long-term effects of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in Fontan-palliated patients remain unclear and there are currently no approved therapies. A decline in peak VO2 between consecutive cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) is highly prognostic for death or transplant in adult Fontan patients, hence its use as a primary endpoint in clinical trials of ERAs in patients with Fontan circulation.
Purpose
The RUBATO trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in Fontan-palliated patients over 52 weeks.
Methods
In the multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 RUBATO trial, Fontan-palliated patients were randomised 1:1 to macitentan 10 mg once-daily or placebo for 52 weeks. Eligible patients were aged ≥12 years, in New York Heart Association functional class II or III, had no limitations for CPET (including no pacemakers), had undergone lateral tunnel or extracardiac conduit Fontan (total cavopulmonary connection) >1 year before screening and showed no signs of Fontan failure or clinical deterioration within 3 months before screening. Primary efficacy endpoint was change in peak VO2 from baseline to week 16. Secondary endpoints were change in peak VO2 from baseline over 52 weeks and change in mean count per minute of daily physical activity from baseline to week 16 as measured by an accelerometer. Adverse events were also assessed.
Results
137 patients were randomised to macitentan (n=68) or placebo (n=69). 92.7% of patients completed 52 weeks of double-blind treatment: 7 and 3 patients prematurely discontinued study treatment in macitentan and placebo arms, respectively. Patient baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. At week 16, the mean (SD) change from baseline in peak VO2 was –0.16 (2.86) with macitentan vs –0.67 (2.66) mL/kg/min with placebo (median unbiased estimate of the difference between macitentan and placebo: 0.62 mL/kg/min [99% repeated confidence interval –0.62; 1.85], p=0.1930). No treatment effect was observed in the two secondary endpoints (Table 2): mean (SD) count per minute of daily physical activity decreased from baseline to week 16 by 3.02 (92.44) with macitentan and by 14.34 (117.56) with placebo (p=0.4512). The most common AEs were headache (10.3% vs 8.7% on placebo), nasopharyngitis (5.9% vs 4.3%), and pyrexia (5.9% vs 4.3%). AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were reported in 3 (4.4%) and 1 (1.4%) of macitentan and placebo patients.
Conclusion
The 52-week RUBATO trial provides an important addition to data on the clinical utility of ERAs in Fontan-palliated patients. The primary efficacy endpoint was not met and no treatment effect was observed for the two secondary endpoints. Macitentan was well tolerated; safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of macitentan 10 mg.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a Janssen pharmaceutical company of Johnson & Johnson.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Clift
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - F Berger
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology , Berlin , Germany
| | - L Sondergaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - P Antonova
- Charles University in Prague, Motol University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine , Motol , Czechia
| | - P Disney
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Adelaide , Australia
| | - J Nicolarsen
- Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Providence Adult and Teen Congenital Heart Program (PATCH) , Spokane , United States of America
| | - J B Thambo
- Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology , Pessac , France
| | - L Tomkiewicz Pajak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology , Krakow , Poland
| | - J K Wang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - A Schophuus Jensen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - G Burgess
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Allschwil , Switzerland
| | | | - M Friberg
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Allschwil , Switzerland
| | - C Lassen
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Allschwil , Switzerland
| | - Y d'Udekem
- Children's National Hospital, Washington , D.C. , United States of America
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6
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Wang JK, Chen QM. [Diagnostic strategies for oral mucosal diseases]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 57:208-214. [PMID: 35152661 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20211215-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q M Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province & Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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7
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Paranjpe MD, Belonwu S, Wang JK, Oskotsky T, Gupta A, Taubes A, Zalocusky KA, Paranjpe I, Glicksberg BS, Huang Y, Sirota M. Sex-Specific Cross Tissue Meta-Analysis Identifies Immune Dysregulation in Women With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:735611. [PMID: 34658838 PMCID: PMC8515049 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.735611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the United States. In spite of evidence of females having a greater lifetime risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and greater apolipoprotein E4-related (APOE ε4) AD risk compared to males, molecular signatures underlying these differences remain elusive. Methods: We took a meta-analysis approach to study gene expression in the brains of 1,084 AD patients and age-matched controls and whole blood from 645 AD patients and age-matched controls in seven independent datasets. Sex-specific gene expression patterns were investigated through use of gene-based, pathway-based and network-based approaches. The ability of a sex-specific AD gene expression signature to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls was assessed using a linear support vector machine model. Cell type deconvolution from whole blood gene expression data was performed to identify differentially regulated cells in males and females with AD. Results: Strikingly gene-expression, network-based analysis and cell type deconvolution approaches revealed a consistent immune signature in the brain and blood of female AD patients that was absent in males. In females, network-based analysis revealed a coordinated program of gene expression involving several zinc finger nuclease genes related to Herpes simplex viral infection whose expression was modulated by the presence of the APOE ε4 allele. Interestingly, this gene expression program was missing in the brains of male AD patients. Cell type deconvolution identified an increase in neutrophils and naïve B cells and a decrease in M2 macrophages, memory B cells, and CD8+ T cells in AD samples compared to controls in females. Interestingly, among males with AD, no significant differences in immune cell proportions compared to controls were observed. Machine learning-based classification of AD using gene expression from whole blood in addition to clinical features produced an improvement in classification accuracy upon stratifying by sex, achieving an AUROC of 0.91 for females and 0.80 for males. Conclusion: These results help identify sex and APOE ε4 genotype-specific transcriptomic signatures of AD and underscore the importance of considering sex in the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish D Paranjpe
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Belonwu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason K Wang
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aarzu Gupta
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alice Taubes
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A Zalocusky
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yadong Huang
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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8
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Paranjpe MD, Wang JK, Zhou Y. Sex, ApoE4 and Alzheimer's disease: rethinking drug discovery in the era of precision medicine. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1764-1765. [PMID: 33510067 PMCID: PMC8328780 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish D. Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Diao JA, Wang JK, Chui WF, Mountain V, Gullapally SC, Srinivasan R, Mitchell RN, Glass B, Hoffman S, Rao SK, Maheshwari C, Lahiri A, Prakash A, McLoughlin R, Kerner JK, Resnick MB, Montalto MC, Khosla A, Wapinski IN, Beck AH, Elliott HL, Taylor-Weiner A. Human-interpretable image features derived from densely mapped cancer pathology slides predict diverse molecular phenotypes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1613. [PMID: 33712588 PMCID: PMC7955068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational methods have made substantial progress in improving the accuracy and throughput of pathology workflows for diagnostic, prognostic, and genomic prediction. Still, lack of interpretability remains a significant barrier to clinical integration. We present an approach for predicting clinically-relevant molecular phenotypes from whole-slide histopathology images using human-interpretable image features (HIFs). Our method leverages >1.6 million annotations from board-certified pathologists across >5700 samples to train deep learning models for cell and tissue classification that can exhaustively map whole-slide images at two and four micron-resolution. Cell- and tissue-type model outputs are combined into 607 HIFs that quantify specific and biologically-relevant characteristics across five cancer types. We demonstrate that these HIFs correlate with well-known markers of the tumor microenvironment and can predict diverse molecular signatures (AUROC 0.601-0.864), including expression of four immune checkpoint proteins and homologous recombination deficiency, with performance comparable to 'black-box' methods. Our HIF-based approach provides a comprehensive, quantitative, and interpretable window into the composition and spatial architecture of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Diao
- PathAI, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- PathAI, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wan Fung Chui
- PathAI, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard N Mitchell
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Murray B Resnick
- PathAI, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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10
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Aranke M, Pham CT, Yilmaz M, Wang JK, Orhurhu V, An D, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Ngo AL, Imani F, Farahmand Rad R, Varrassi G, Viswanath O, Urits I. Topical Sevoflurane: A Novel Treatment for Chronic Pain Caused by Venous Stasis Ulcers. Anesth Pain Med 2021; 11:e112832. [PMID: 34221949 PMCID: PMC8241821 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, an estimated 1 - 2% of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) patients (of 6 - 7 million nationwide) develop at least one venous stasis ulcer (VSU) during their illness. Of these, approximately 40% develop subsequent ulcers, making VSU prognostically poor. Current management of VSU is costly, with poor prognosis, high recurrence rate, inadequate pain management, and significantly reduced quality of life (QoL). Topical volatile anesthetic agents, such as sevoflurane, offer improved pain relief and symptom control in patients suffering from chronic VSU. The immediate impact of topical sevoflurane in reducing pain associated with ulcer bed debridement has several implications in improving the quality of life in patients with CVI induced ulcers and in the prognosis and healing of the ulcers. This review summarizes a topical formulation of a volatile anesthetic and its implications for the management of VSUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aranke
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia T Pham
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel An
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- LSU Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- LSU Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Anh L Ngo
- Pain Specialty Group, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | - Farnad Imani
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Farahmand Rad
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omar Viswanath
- LSU Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, USA
- Valley Pain Consultants – Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- LSU Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Southcoast Health, Southcoast Health Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA, USA
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11
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Paranjpe MD, Chin AC, Paranjpe I, Reid NJ, Duy PQ, Wang JK, O'Hagan R, Arzani A, Haghdel A, Lim CC, Orhurhu V, Urits I, Ngo AL, Glicksberg BS, Hall KT, Mehta D, Cooper RS, Nadkarni GN. Self-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039119. [PMID: 33148746 PMCID: PMC7643504 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple clinical trials fail to identify clinically measurable health benefits of daily multivitamin and multimineral (MVM) consumption in the general adult population. Understanding the determinants of widespread use of MVMs may guide efforts to better educate the public about effective nutritional practices. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and clinically measurable health outcomes among MVM users and non-users in a large, nationally representative adult civilian non-institutionalised population in the USA surveyed on the use of complementary health practices. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of the effect of MVM consumption on self-reported overall health and clinically measurable health outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Adult MVM users and non-users from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n=21 603). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Five psychological, physical, and functional health outcomes: (1) self-rated health status, (2) needing help with routine needs, (3) history of 10 chronic diseases, (4) presence of 19 health conditions in the past 12 months, and (5) Kessler 6-Item (K6) Psychological Distress Scale to measure non-specific psychological distress in the past month. RESULTS Among 4933 adult MVM users and 16 670 adult non-users, MVM users self-reported 30% better overall health than non-users (adjusted OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.46; false discovery rate adjusted p<0.001). There were no differences between MVM users and non-users in history of 10 chronic diseases, number of present health conditions, severity of current psychological distress on the K6 Scale and rates of needing help with daily activities. No effect modification was observed after stratification by sex, education, and race. CONCLUSIONS MVM users self-reported better overall health despite no apparent differences in clinically measurable health outcomes. These results suggest that widespread use of multivitamins in adults may be a result of individuals' positive expectation that multivitamin use leads to better health outcomes or a self-selection bias in which MVM users intrinsically harbour more positive views regarding their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish D Paranjpe
- Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alfred C Chin
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Phan Q Duy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ross O'Hagan
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Artine Arzani
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Clarence C Lim
- Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Vwaire Orhurhu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Pain Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anh L Ngo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn T Hall
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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12
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Capuco A, Urits I, Hasoon J, Chun R, Gerald B, Wang JK, Ngo AL, Simopoulos T, Kaye AD, Colontonio MM, Parker-Actlis TQ, Fuller MC, Viswanath O. Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression: a Comprehensive Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24:36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Zhu JZ, Zhao TT, Chen YY, Zhang R, Wang JK, Zhang SH, Liu KC. Liver failure promotes gastrointestinal dysfunction by changing cholinergic and nitrergic nerves and Cajal interstitial cells in gastric antrum. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 33:1803-1809. [PMID: 31989809 DOI: 10.23812/19-243-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Z Zhu
- Department of Hepatal-Gastroenterology, Meng chao Hepato-biliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - T T Zhao
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Y Y Chen
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - R Zhang
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J K Wang
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - S H Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - K C Liu
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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14
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Duy PQ, Paranjpe MD, Antwi P, Diab NS, Wang JK, Kim DNW, Moushey AM, David WB, Kapadia K, Agarwal AA, Huang J, Sheth AH, Mekbib K, Chen HA, Negoita S, Liu F, Takeo Y, Paranjpe I, Manna S, Mehta SK, Gerrard JL. Preresidency Publication Productivity of U.S. Neurosurgery Interns. World Neurosurg 2020; 137:e291-e297. [PMID: 32014543 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research experience is believed to be an important component of the neurosurgery residency application process. One measure of research productivity is publication volume. The preresidency publication volume of U.S. neurosurgery interns and any potential association between applicant publication volume and the match results of top-ranked residency programs have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to characterize the preresidency publication volume of U.S. neurosurgery residents in the 2018-2019 intern class using the Scopus database. METHODS For each intern, we recorded the total number of publications, total number of first or last author publications, total number of neuroscience-related publications, mean number of citations per publication, and mean impact factor of the journal per publication. Preresidency publication volumes of interns at the top-25 programs (based on a composite ranking score according to 4 different ranking metrics) were compared with those at all other programs. RESULTS We found that 82% of neurosurgery interns included in the analysis (190 interns from 95 programs) had at least 1 publication. The average number of publications per intern among all programs was 6 ± 0.63 (mean ± standard error of the mean). We also found that interns at top-25 neurosurgery residency programs tended to have a higher number of publications (8.3 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.7, P = 0.0137), number of neuroscience-related publications (6.8 ± 1.1 vs. 4.1 ± 0.7, P = 0.0419), and mean number of citations per publication (9.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.0267) compared with interns at all other programs. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a general estimate of the preresidency publication volume of U.S. neurosurgery interns and suggest a potential association between publication volume and matching in the top-25 neurosurgery residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Manish D Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prince Antwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas S Diab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Nam-Woo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexander M Moushey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wyatt B David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kush Kapadia
- Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ank A Agarwal
- Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinny Huang
- Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amar H Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kedous Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - H Alexander Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Serban Negoita
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yutaka Takeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sayan Manna
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sumarth K Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason L Gerrard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Li RC, Wang JK, Sharp C, Chen JH. When order sets do not align with clinician workflow: assessing practice patterns in the electronic health record. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 28:987-996. [PMID: 31164486 PMCID: PMC6868292 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Order sets are widely used tools in the electronic health record (EHR) for improving healthcare quality. However, there is limited insight into how well they facilitate clinician workflow. We assessed four indicators based on order set usage patterns in the EHR that reflect potential misalignment between order set design and clinician workflow needs. METHODS We used data from the EHR on all orders of medication, laboratory, imaging and blood product items at an academic hospital and an itemset mining approach to extract orders that frequently co-occurred with order set use. We identified the following four indicators: infrequent ordering of order set items, rapid retraction of medication orders from order sets, additional a la carte ordering of items not included in order sets and a la carte ordering of items despite being listed in the order set. RESULTS There was significant variability in workflow alignment across the 11 762 order set items used in the 77 421 inpatient encounters from 2014 to 2017. The median ordering rate was 4.1% (IQR 0.6%-18%) and median medication retraction rate was 4% (IQR 2%-10%). 143 (5%) medications were significantly less likely while 68 (3%) were significantly more likely to be retracted than if the same medication was ordered a la carte. 214 (39%) order sets were associated with least one additional item frequently ordered a la carte and 243 (45%) order sets contained at least one item that was instead more often ordered a la carte. CONCLUSION Order sets often do not align with what clinicians need at the point of care. Quantitative insights from EHRs may inform how order sets can be optimised to facilitate clinician workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Li
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Jonathan H Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Wang JK, Ouyang D, Hom J, Chi J, Chen JH. Characterizing electronic health record usage patterns of inpatient medicine residents using event log data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205379. [PMID: 30726208 PMCID: PMC6364867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid growing rates of burnout, physicians report increasing electronic health record (EHR) usage alongside decreasing clinical facetime with patients. There exists a pressing need to improve physician-computer-patient interactions by streamlining EHR workflow. To identify interventions to improve EHR design and usage, we systematically characterize EHR activity among internal medicine residents at a tertiary academic hospital across various inpatient rotations and roles from June 2013 to November 2016. Logged EHR timestamps were extracted from Stanford Hospital’s EHR system (Epic) and cross-referenced against resident rotation schedules. We tracked the quantity of EHR logs across 24-hour cycles to reveal daily usage patterns. In addition, we decomposed daily EHR time into time spent on specific EHR actions (e.g. chart review, note entry and review, results review).In examining 24-hour usage cycles from general medicine day and night team rotations, we identified a prominent trend in which night team activity promptly ceased at the shift’s end, while day team activity tended to linger post-shift. Across all rotations and roles, residents spent on average 5.38 hours (standard deviation = 2.07) using the EHR. PGY1 (post-graduate year one) interns and PGY2+ residents spent on average 2.4 and 4.1 times the number of EHR hours on information review (chart, note, and results review) as information entry (note and order entry).Analysis of EHR event log data can enable medical educators and programs to develop more targeted interventions to improve physician-computer-patient interactions, centered on specific EHR actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Wang
- Mathematical and Computational Science Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Hom
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Chi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xu NN, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu JX. Different endosperm structures in wheat and corn affected in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization of rice straw-based diet. Animal 2018; 13:1607-1613. [PMID: 30526704 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118003257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Starchy grain is usually supplemented to diets containing low-quality forage to provide sufficient energy for ruminant animals. Ruminal degradation of grain starch mainly depends on the hydrolysis of the endosperm, which may be variable among grain sources. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of endosperm structure of wheat and corn on in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen (N) utilization of rice straw. The 3×4 factorial design included three ratios of concentrate to forage (35:65, 50:50 and 65:35) and four ratios of wheat to corn starch (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20). The endosperm structure was detected by scanning electronic microscopy and a confocal laser scanning microscopic. An in vitro gas test was performed to evaluate the rumen fermentation characteristics and N utilization. Starch granules were embedded in the starch-protein matrix in corn, but more granules were separated from the matrix in the wheat endosperm. With the increasing ratio of wheat, rate and extent of gas production, total volatile fatty acids, and ammonia N increased linearly (P<0.01), but microbial protein concentration decreased (quadratic, P<0.01), with the maximum value at a ratio of 40% wheat. The efficiency of N utilization decreased linearly (P<0.01). Rumen fermentation and N utilization were significantly affected by the concentrate-to-forage ratio (P<0.01). Significant interactions between the concentrate-to-forage ratio and the wheat-to-corn ratio were detected in total volatile fatty acids and the efficiency of N utilization (P<0.01). In summary, the starch-protein matrix and starch granules in the wheat and corn endosperm mixture play an important role in the regulation of rumen fermentation and N utilization under low-quality forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - J K Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310058,P.R. China
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18
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Wang JK, Roy SK, Barry M, Chang RT, Bhatt AS. Institutionalizing healthcare hackathons to promote diversity in collaboration in medicine. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:269. [PMID: 30458759 PMCID: PMC6245929 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students and healthcare professionals can benefit from exposure to cross-disciplinary teamwork and core concepts of medical innovation. Indeed, to address complex challenges in patient care, diversity in collaboration across medicine, engineering, business, and design is critical. However, a limited number of academic institutions have established cross-disciplinary opportunities for students and young professionals within these domains to work collaboratively towards diverse healthcare needs. METHODS Drawing upon best practices from computer science and engineering, healthcare hackathons bring together interdisciplinary teams of students and professionals to collaborate, brainstorm, and build solutions to unmet clinical needs. Over the course of six months, a committee of 20 undergraduates, medical students, and physician advisors organized Stanford University's first healthcare hackathon (November 2016). Demographic data from initial applications were supplemented with responses from a post-hackathon survey gauging themes of diversity in collaboration, professional development, interest in medical innovation, and educational value. In designing and evaluating the event, the committee focused on measurable outcomes of diversity across participants (skillset, age, gender, academic degree), ideas (clinical needs), and innovations (projects). RESULTS Demographic data (n = 587 applicants, n = 257 participants) reveal participants across diverse academic backgrounds, age groups, and domains of expertise were in attendance. From 50 clinical needs presented representing 19 academic fields, 40 teams ultimately formed and submitted projects spanning web (n = 13) and mobile applications (n = 13), artificial intelligence-based tools (n = 6), and medical devices (n = 3), among others. In post-hackathon survey responses (n = 111), medical students and healthcare professionals alike noted a positive impact on their ability to work in multidisciplinary teams, learn from individuals of different backgrounds, and address complex healthcare challenges. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare hackathons can encourage diversity across individuals, ideas, and projects to address clinical challenges. By providing an outline of Stanford's inaugural event, we hope more universities can adopt the healthcare hackathon model to promote diversity in collaboration in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Wang
- Mathematical and Computational Science Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Shivaal K. Roy
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michele Barry
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Robert T. Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ami S. Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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19
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Wang JK, Pamnani RD, Capasso R, Chang RT. An Extended Hackathon Model for Collaborative Education in Medical Innovation. J Med Syst 2018; 42:239. [PMID: 30328518 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To support the next generation of healthcare innovators - whether they be engineers, designers, clinicians, or business experts by training - education in the emerging field of medical innovation should be made easily and widely accessible to undergraduate students, graduate students, and young professionals, early in their careers. Currently, medical innovation curricula are taught through semester-long courses or year-long fellowships at a handful of universities, reaching only a limited demographic of participants. This study describes the structure and preliminary outcomes of a 1-2 week "extended hackathon" course that seeks to make medical innovation education and training more accessible and easily adoptable for academic medical centers. Eight extended hackathons were hosted in five international locations reaching 245 participants: Beijing (June 2015 and August 2016), Hong Kong (June 2016, 2017, and 2018), Curitiba (July 2016), Stanford (October 2017), and São Paulo (May 2018). Pre- and post-hackathon surveys asking respondents to self-assess their knowledge in ten categories of medical innovation were administered to quantify the perceived degree of learning. Participants hailed from a diverse range of educational backgrounds, domains of expertise, and academic institutions. On average, respondents (n = 161) saw a greater than twofold increase (114.1%, P < 0.001) from their pre- to post-hackathon scores. In this study, the extended hackathon is presented as a novel educational model to teach undergraduate and graduate students a foundational skillset for medical innovation. Participants reported gaining significant knowledge across all ten categories assessed. To more robustly assess the educational value of extended hackathons, a standardized assessment for medical innovation knowledge needs to be developed, and a larger sample size of participants surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Wang
- Mathematical and Computational Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ravinder D Pamnani
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robson Capasso
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Chang
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Byers Eye Institute, 2452 Watson Ct. MC 5353, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
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20
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Wang JK, Hom J, Balasubramanian S, Schuler A, Shah NH, Goldstein MK, Baiocchi MTM, Chen JH. An evaluation of clinical order patterns machine-learned from clinician cohorts stratified by patient mortality outcomes. J Biomed Inform 2018; 86:109-119. [PMID: 30195660 PMCID: PMC6250126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the quality of clinical order practice patterns machine-learned from clinician cohorts stratified by patient mortality outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inpatient electronic health records from 2010 to 2013 were extracted from a tertiary academic hospital. Clinicians (n = 1822) were stratified into low-mortality (21.8%, n = 397) and high-mortality (6.0%, n = 110) extremes using a two-sided P-value score quantifying deviation of observed vs. expected 30-day patient mortality rates. Three patient cohorts were assembled: patients seen by low-mortality clinicians, high-mortality clinicians, and an unfiltered crowd of all clinicians (n = 1046, 1046, and 5230 post-propensity score matching, respectively). Predicted order lists were automatically generated from recommender system algorithms trained on each patient cohort and evaluated against (i) real-world practice patterns reflected in patient cases with better-than-expected mortality outcomes and (ii) reference standards derived from clinical practice guidelines. RESULTS Across six common admission diagnoses, order lists learned from the crowd demonstrated the greatest alignment with guideline references (AUROC range = 0.86-0.91), performing on par or better than those learned from low-mortality clinicians (0.79-0.84, P < 10-5) or manually-authored hospital order sets (0.65-0.77, P < 10-3). The same trend was observed in evaluating model predictions against better-than-expected patient cases, with the crowd model (AUROC mean = 0.91) outperforming the low-mortality model (0.87, P < 10-16) and order set benchmarks (0.78, P < 10-35). DISCUSSION Whether machine-learning models are trained on all clinicians or a subset of experts illustrates a bias-variance tradeoff in data usage. Defining robust metrics to assess quality based on internal (e.g. practice patterns from better-than-expected patient cases) or external reference standards (e.g. clinical practice guidelines) is critical to assess decision support content. CONCLUSION Learning relevant decision support content from all clinicians is as, if not more, robust than learning from a select subgroup of clinicians favored by patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Wang
- Mathematical and Computational Science Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hom
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Schuler
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan H Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Gu XH, Wu KJ, Ni FY, Ji XC, Wang JK, Pan S. [Association between serum lipid level and depression in patients with chronic heart failure]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:2172-2175. [PMID: 30032520 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.27.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between serum lipid level and depression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 348 patients with CHF from the First department of Cardiology of the people's hospital of Shaanxi province from September 2016 to June 2017 were included.The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the degree of depression and some related clinical data were tested.The serum lipid level and depression scores in the patients were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the confounding factors of depression. Results: There was significant difference in the proportion of depression between normal serum lipid group and dyslipidemia group (P=0.044). Pearson correlation analysis showed that depression score was linearly related to total cholesterol (r=0.326, P<0.001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.354, P<0.001), and Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, BMI, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin, B type natriuretic peptide, total cholesterol (OR=3.523, P=0.007) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=0.205, P=0.041) were associated with depression in CHF patients. Conclusion: Total cholesterol can increase the risk of depression, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol can reduce the risk of depression in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Gu
- Graduate School of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710068, China
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Wang JK, Schuler A, Shah NH, Baiocchi MTM, Chen JH. Inpatient Clinical Order Patterns Machine-Learned From Teaching Versus Attending-Only Medical Services. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2018; 2017:226-235. [PMID: 29888077 PMCID: PMC5961816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical order patterns derived from data-mining electronic health records can be a valuable source of decision support content. However, the quality of crowdsourcing such patterns may be suspect depending on the population learned from. For example, it is unclear whether learning inpatient practice patterns from a university teaching service, characterized by physician-trainee teams with an emphasis on medical education, will be of variable quality versus an attending-only medical service that focuses strictly on clinical care. Machine learning clinical order patterns by association rule episode mining from teaching versus attending-only inpatient medical services illustrated some practice variability, but converged towards similar top results in either case. We further validated the automatically generated content by confirming alignment with external reference standards extracted from clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Wang
- Mathematical & Computational Science Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Schuler
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan H Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Shi YJ, Wang JK, Chen QM, Zeng X. [The research progress of CO(2) laser in the treatment of oral lichen planus]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 52:390-392. [PMID: 28613065 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease. The etiology of OLP is not clear. The treatment of OLP is difficult as some of the OLP patients have little effects to the conventional mucosal treatments. In recent years, laser therapy has been adopted to treat patients with OLP. The CO(2) laser therapy has drawn much attention of doctors and scholars because of its advantages in treating the OLP. This review article mainly discusses the principle, effects and some state-of-the-art progresses in OLP treatment using CO(2) laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J K Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q M Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang L, Wang JK, Han LX, Zhuo JS, Du X, Liu D, Yang XQ. Characterization of miRNAs involved in response to poly(I:C) in porcine airway epithelial cells. Anim Genet 2016; 48:182-190. [PMID: 27878834 DOI: 10.1111/age.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including infectious diseases. Knowledge of the miRNAs affected by poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA, in porcine airway epithelial cells (PAECs) contributes to understanding the mechanisms of swine viral respiratory diseases, which bring enormous economic loss worldwide every year. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing to profile miRNA expression in PAECs treated with poly(I:C) as compared to the untreated control. This approach revealed 23 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), five of which have not been implicated in viral infection before. Nineteen of the 23 miRNAs were down-regulated including members of the miR-17-92 cluster, a well-known polycistronic oncomir and extensively involved in viral infection in humans. Target genes of DEMs, predicted using bioinformatic methods and validated by luciferase reporter analysis on two representative DEMs, were significantly enriched in several pathways including transforming growth factor-β signaling. A large quantity of sequence variations (isomiRs) were found including a substitution at position 5, which was verified to redirect miRNAs to a new spectrum of targets by luciferase reporter assay together with bioinformatics analysis. Twelve novel porcine miRNAs conserved in other species were identified by homology analysis together with cloning verification. Furthermore, the expression analysis revealed the potential importance of three novel miRNAs in porcine immune response to viruses. Overall, our data contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying the host immune response against respiratory viruses in pigs, and enriches the repertoire of porcine miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - J K Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - L X Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - J S Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - X Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - D Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - X Q Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Yang B, He B, Wang SS, Liu JX, Wang JK. Early supplementation of starter pellets with alfalfa improves the performance of pre- and postweaning Hu lambs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4984-94. [PMID: 26523591 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of alfalfa supplementation on the pre- and postweaning performance, rumen development, and feed transition in starter diet-fed lambs. Six of 66 male Hu lambs were slaughtered at the age of 10 d to serve as a control. The other 60 lambs were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments: milk replacer and starter pellets without (STA) or with free-choice chopped alfalfa (S-ALF). The animals were offered 300 g/d of the concentrate mixture and had free access to alfalfa after weaning at the end of wk 4 (age 38 d). The alfalfa inclusion in the S-ALF group tended to increase the starter intake before weaning, significantly increased the concentrate intake soon after weaning ( < 0.05), and increased the BW ( < 0.01) and ADG ( < 0.10) in pre- and postweaning lambs. The S-ALF group had heavier carcasses ( < 0.05), rumens ( < 0.05), reticula ( < 0.05), omasums ( < 0.10), abomasums ( < 0.05), and visceral organs ( < 0.10) than the STA lambs after weaning. Alfalfa supplementation increased ( < 0.05) the rumen papillae length and the ratio of the duodenal villus height to the crypt depth; it also decreased ( < 0.05) the concentration and molar proportion of propionate in wk 1 and 5. The STA lambs had higher ( < 0.01) blood concentrations of globulin and blood urea nitrogen and lower β-hydroxybutyrate after weaning. The STA group also had a higher incidence of feed plaque. From the above results, we infer that the free-choice addition of chopped alfalfa to starter diets is beneficial to rumen development, relieves weaning stress, and improves the performance of lambs.
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Zhang Y, Zhao NA, Wang JK, Zhu SM, Zhu HL, Liu B, Cui QW, Guan GC, Tian G. Telmisartan inhibited angiotensin II-induced collagen metabolic imbalance without directly targeting TGF-β 1/Smad signaling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. Minerva Cardioangiol 2015; 63:507-514. [PMID: 26657532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological process of cardiac remodeling. A large number of studies have shown that telmisartan can attenuate cardiac fibrosis through acting on angiotensin II 1 receptor (AT1R), and TGF-β 1/Smad signaling molecule is an important pathway to achieve this effect. The aim of the study was to clarify whether, with excessive activation of RAAS system, telmisartan could also directly target TGF-β 1/Smad signaling pathway to have the function of anti-cardiac fibrosis. METHODS In this study, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured and AngII or TGF-β 1 was administered for treatment or pre-incubation, and then telmisartan was used for 24 hours' incubation. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were performed to detect protein expressions. RESULTS The results showed that telmisartan could inhibit collagen synthesis and collagen metabolic imbalance under the effect of Ang II, but telmisartan could not have such function in TGF-β 1-induced cardiac fibroblasts. It was further confirmed by western blot method that telmisartan could inhibit TGF-β 1/Smad signaling molecule expression under the effect of Ang II, but telmisartan had no effect on TGF-β 1-induced Smad signaling molecule expression. CONCLUSION According to the present study telmisartan played a role of anticardiac fibrosis without directly targeting TGF-β 1/Smad signaling pathway molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhu W, Zhang BX, Yao KY, Yoon I, Chung YH, Wang JK, Liu JX. Effects of Supplemental Levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows under Heat Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:801-6. [PMID: 26954175 PMCID: PMC4852246 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different supplemental levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; Original XP; Diamond V) on lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress. Eighty-one multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 27 blocks of 3 cows each based on milk yield (23.6±0.20 kg/d), parity (2.88±0.91) and day in milk (204±46 d). The cows were randomly assigned within blocks to one of three treatments: 0 (control), 120, or 240 g/d of SCFP mixed with 240, 120, or 0 g of corn meal, respectively. The experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2014, starting from 14 July 2014 and lasting for 9 weeks with the first week as adaption period. During the experimental period, average daily temperature-humidity index (measured at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00) was above 68, indicating that cows were exposed to heat stress throughout the study. Rectal temperatures tended to decrease linearly (p = 0.07) for cows supplemented with SCFP compared to the control cows at 14:30, but were not different at 06:30 (p>0.10). Dry matter intake was not affected by SCFP supplementation (p>0.10). Milk yield increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of SCFP. Feed efficiency (milk yield/dry matter intake) was highest (p<0.05) for cows fed 240 g/d SCFP. Cows supplemented with SCFP gained (p<0.01) body weight, while cows in the control lost body weight. Net energy balance also increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of SCFP. Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen (p<0.01) decreased linearly with increasing levels of SCFP, while no difference (p>0.10) was observed among the treatments in conversion of dietary crude protein to milk protein yield. In summary, supplementation of SCFP alleviated the negative effect of heat stress in lactating Holstein dairy cows and allowed cows to maintain higher milk production, feed efficiency and net energy balance. Effects of SCFP were dose-dependent and greater effects were observed from higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K Y Yao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - Y H Chung
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - J K Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yi XW, Yang F, Liu JX, Wang JK. Effects of Replacement of Concentrate Mixture by Broccoli Byproducts on Lactating Performance in Dairy Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1449-53. [PMID: 26323401 PMCID: PMC4554852 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding pelletized broccoli byproducts (PBB) on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. In Trial 1, an in vitro gas test determined the optimal replacement level of PBB in a concentrate mixture in a mixed substrate with Chinese wild ryegrass hay (50:50, w/w) at levels of 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% (dry matter basis). When the concentrate was replaced by PBB at a level of 20%, no adverse effects were found on the gas volume or its rate constant during ruminal fermentation. In trial 2, 24 lactating cows (days in milk = 170.4±35; milk yield = 30±3 kg/d; body weight = 580 ±13 kg) were divided into 12 blocks based on day in milk and milk yield and randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: a basic diet with or without PBB replacing 20% of the concentrate mixture. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days; the first week allowed for adaptation to the diet. The milk composition was analyzed once a week. No significant difference in milk yield was observed between the two groups (23.5 vs 24.2 kg). A significant increase was found in milk fat content in the PBB group (p<0.05). Inclusion of PBB did not affect milk protein, lactose, total solids or solids-not-fat (p>0.05). These results indicated that PBB could be included in dairy cattle diets at a suitable level to replace concentrate mixture without any adverse effects on dairy performance.
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Liu Z, Wang JK, Zhu HT, Zhao N, Qiu C. P638PERK- a potential molecular regulator of calcium homeostasis related with arrhythmia in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mao HL, Mao HL, Wang JK, Liu JX, Yoon I. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on in vitro fermentation and microbial communities of low-quality forages and mixed diets. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3291-8. [PMID: 23572258 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (XP, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of single forage and mixed diets. In Exp. 1, an in vitro test was used to determine the effects of various concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) of XP on ruminal fermentation of the major forage sources of China (rice straw, RS; corn stover, CS; corn silage without grain, CSNG; and corn silage with grain, CSG). Total VFA reached a peak at 1 g/L XP for RS, CSNG, and CSG and increased linearly (P < 0.01) for CS. The molar proportion of acetate decreased and propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) with an increasing amount of XP for RS, CS, and CSNG. Microbial protein (MCP) increased linearly (P < 0.01) with an increasing level of XP for RS, and it reached peak values at 1 and 2 g/L XP for CSG and CSNG, respectively. Fungi population was increased (P < 0.05) with 1 g/L XP for all forages except CSNG. The population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens increased (P < 0.05) at 1 or 2 g/L XP for RS, CSNG, and CSG. In Exp. 2, the effects of 3 concentrations of XP (0, 1, and 2 g/L) were tested on in vitro ruminal fermentation of 3 mixed diets with various ingredient combinations: 1) CSC (corn:soybean meal:corn stover = 33:22:45), 2) CSCC (corn:soybean meal:corn stover:corn silage = 33:22:22.5:22.5), and 3) CSCCA (corn:soybean meal:corn stover:corn silage:alfalfa = 33:22:19:21:5). Total VFA concentrations were influenced by diets (P < 0.01) and were enhanced linearly by increasing concentrations of XP (P < 0.01). The molar proportion of acetate was reduced (P < 0.01), but the propionate proportion was enhanced with increasing concentrations of XP (P < 0.01). Ammonia N was decreased and MCP was increased by the addition of XP (linear, P < 0.01; quadratic, P < 0.05). The fungi population was greater with XP addition (quadratic, P < 0.01). The percentage of R. albus was affected by diets (P < 0.01), the level of XP (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), and their interaction (P < 0.01). From these 2 in vitro studies, it is inferred that the addition of XP could improve the rumen fermentation of forages and mixed diets by stimulating the number of fiber-digesting rumen microbes, especially fungi populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ling Mao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Hargrave PA, Fong SL, Hugh McDowell J, Mas MT, Curtis DR, Wang JK, Juszczak E, Smith DP. The partial primary structure of bovine rhodopsin and its topography in the retinal rod cell disc membrane. Neurochem Int 2012; 1C:231-44. [PMID: 20487738 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(80)90063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The amino-terminal 39 amino acids of bovine rhodopsin have the sequence where both carbohydrate attachment sites (CHO) contain GlcNAc(3)Man(3). This region of rhodopsin's sequence is exposed at the internal membrane surface of the rod cell disc membrane. Rhodopsin's carboxyl-terminal 40 amino acids have the sequence where amino acid 1? is the carboxyl-terminal amino acid of rhodopsin. Serines and threonines in the sequence 6? ? 15? are phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase in a light-dependent reaction. Trypsin can digest native rhodopsin, in the disc membrane at and thermolysin can hydrolyze bonds , and . Limited proteolysis by thermolysin at a site internal in the molecule has been exploited in order to prepare rhodopsin as two large fragments, F1 and F2. Cysteine(33)?, is highly reactive in the dark and is modified by N-ethylmaleimide and several alkylating agents. The carboxyl-terminal region 1?-39? reacts with the membrane-impermeable nitrene from N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethyl sulfonate and is therefore exposed at the external (cytoplasmic) surface of the disc membrane. 1-azldopyrene, a hydrophobic nitrene precursor, is being used to map those regions of the rhodopsin sequence which are located in a hydrophobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Hargrave
- School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA 62901
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Kwon YJ, Kang BH, Bae SY, Seo JH, Kim JY, Lee EA, Wang JK, Lee YM, Go KJ, Pyo HJ, Lee JB. CALCIUM REQUIREMENT AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY (PTX) IN SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (2° HPT). Kidney Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2012.04.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Liu TY, Chen Y, Wang HH, Huang YL, Chao YC, Tsai KT, Cheng WC, Chuang CY, Tsai YH, Huang CY, Wang DW, Lin CH, Wang JK, Wang YL. Differentiation of bacteria cell wall using Raman scattering enhanced by nanoparticle array. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5004-8. [PMID: 22905567 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on arrays of silver nanoparticles grown on porous anodic alumina templates. Using this nanotechnology platform, label-free and high-speed detection of bacteria are achieved. SERS spectra of various bacteria including Staphylococcus Aureus (Gram-positive bacterium), Klebsiella Pneumoniae (Gram-negative bacterium), and Mycobacterium Smegmatis (Mycobacterium) were recorded. The highly reproducible SERS-based technological platform is capable of differentiating different kinds of bacteria by PCA, LDA, clustering analysis, and SVM methods, which provides promising opportunity for biosensing of clinical microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Ablikim M, Achasov MN, An L, An Q, An ZH, Bai JZ, Ban Y, Berger N, Bian JM, Boyko I, Briere RA, Bytev V, Cai X, Cao GF, Cao XX, Chang JF, Chelkov G, Chen G, Chen HS, Chen JC, Chen LP, Chen ML, Chen P, Chen SJ, Chen YB, Chu YP, Cronin-Hennessy D, Dai HL, Dai JP, Dedovich D, Deng ZY, Denysenko I, Destefanis M, Ding Y, Dong LY, Dong MY, Du SX, Duan MY, Fang J, Feng CQ, Fu CD, Fu JL, Gao Y, Geng C, Goetzen K, Gong WX, Greco M, Grishin S, Gu YT, Guo AQ, Guo LB, Guo YP, Han SQ, Harris FA, He KL, He M, He ZY, Heng YK, Hou ZL, Hu HM, Hu JF, Hu T, Hu XW, Huang B, Huang GM, Huang JS, Huang XT, Huang YP, Ji CS, Ji Q, Ji XB, Ji XL, Jia LK, Jiang LL, Jiang XS, Jiao JB, Jin DP, Jin S, Komamiya S, Kuehn W, Lange S, Leung JKC, Li C, Li C, Li DM, Li F, Li G, Li HB, Li J, Li JC, Li L, Li L, Li QJ, Li WD, Li WG, Li XL, Li XN, Li XQ, Li XR, Li YX, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang TR, Liang YT, Liang YF, Liao GR, Liao XT, Liu BJ, Liu CL, Liu CX, Liu CY, Liu FH, Liu F, Liu F, Liu GC, Liu H, Liu HB, Liu HM, Liu HW, Liu J, Liu JP, Liu K, Liu KY, Liu Q, Liu SB, Liu XH, Liu YB, Liu YF, Liu YW, Liu Y, Liu ZA, Lu GR, Lu JG, Lu QW, Lu XR, Lu YP, Luo CL, Luo MX, Luo T, Luo XL, Ma CL, Ma FC, Ma HL, Ma QM, Ma X, Ma XY, Maggiora M, Mao YJ, Mao ZP, Min J, Mo XH, Muchnoi NY, Nefedov Y, Ning FP, Olsen SL, Ouyang Q, Pelizaeus M, Peters K, Ping JL, Ping RG, Poling R, Pun CSJ, Qi M, Qian S, Qiao CF, Qiu JF, Rong G, Ruan XD, Sarantsev A, Shao M, Shen CP, Shen XY, Sheng HY, Sonoda S, Spataro S, Spruck B, Sun DH, Sun GX, Sun JF, Sun SS, Sun XD, Sun YJ, Sun YZ, Sun ZJ, Sun ZT, Tang CJ, Tang X, Tang XF, Tian HL, Toth D, Varner GS, Wan X, Wang BQ, Wang JK, Wang K, Wang LL, Wang LS, Wang P, Wang PL, Wang Q, Wang SG, Wang XD, Wang XL, Wang YD, Wang YF, Wang YQ, Wang Z, Wang ZG, Wang ZY, Wei DH, Wen SP, Wiedner U, Wu LH, Wu N, Wu W, Wu YM, Wu Z, Xiao ZJ, Xie YG, Xu GF, Xu GM, Xu H, Xu M, Xu M, Xu XP, Xu Y, Xu ZZ, Xue Z, Yan L, Yan WB, Yan YH, Yang HX, Yang M, Yang P, Yang SM, Yang YX, Ye M, Ye MH, Yu BX, Yu CX, Yu L, Yuan CZ, Yuan Y, Zeng Y, Zhang BX, Zhang BY, Zhang CC, Zhang DH, Zhang HH, Zhang HY, Zhang JW, Zhang JY, Zhang JZ, Zhang L, Zhang SH, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Zhang ZP, Zhao C, Zhao HS, Zhao J, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Zhao MG, Zhao Q, Zhao SJ, Zhao TC, Zhao XH, Zhao YB, Zhao ZG, Zhemchugov A, Zheng B, Zheng JP, Zheng YH, Zheng ZP, Zhong B, Zhong J, Zhou L, Zhou ZL, Zhu C, Zhu K, Zhu KJ, Zhu QM, Zhu XW, Zhu YS, Zhu ZA, Zhuang J, Zou BS, Zou JH, Zuo JX, Zweber P. Measurements of h(c)(1P(1)) in psi' decays. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:132002. [PMID: 20481873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the charmonium state h(c)(1P(1)) made with 106x10(6) psi' events collected by BESIII at BEPCII. Clear signals are observed for psi'-->pi0 h(c) with and without the subsequent radiative decay h(c)-->gamma eta(c). First measurements of the absolute branching ratios B(psi'-->pi0 h(c)) = (8.4+/-1.3+/-1.0) x 10(-4) and B(h(c)-->gamma eta(c)) = (54.3+/-6.7+/-5.2)% are presented. A statistics-limited determination of the previously unmeasured h(c) width leads to an upper limit Gamma(h(c))<1.44 MeV (90% confidence). Measurements of M(h(c)) = 3525.40+/-0.13+/-0.18 MeV/c2 and B(psi'-->pi0 h(c)) x B(h(c)-->gamma eta(c)) = (4.58+/-0.40+/-0.50) x 10(-4) are consistent with previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ablikim
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Olewe TM, Mwanthi MA, Wang JK, Griffiths JK. Blood Lead Levels And Potental Environmental Exposures Among Children Under Five Years In Kibera Slums, Nairobi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:6-10. [DOI: 10.4314/eajph.v6i1.45734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bozic AK, Anderson RC, Carstens GE, Ricke SC, Callaway TR, Yokoyama MT, Wang JK, Nisbet DJ. Effects of the methane-inhibitors nitrate, nitroethane, lauric acid, Lauricidin and the Hawaiian marine algae Chaetoceros on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:4017-4025. [PMID: 19362827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of several methane-inhibitors on rumen fermentation were compared during three 24h consecutive batch cultures of ruminal microbes in the presence of nonlimiting amounts of hydrogen. After the initial incubation series, methane production was reduced greater than 92% from that of non-treated controls (25.8+/-8.1 micromol ml(-1) incubation fluid) in cultures treated with nitroethane, sodium laurate, Lauricidin or a finely-ground product of the marine algae, Chaetoceros (added at 1, 5, 5 and 10 mg ml(-1), respectively) but not in cultures treated with sodium nitrate (1 mg m1(-1)). Methane production during two successive incubations was reduced greater than 98% from controls (22.5+/-3.2 and 23.5+/-7.9 micromol ml(-1), respectively) by all treatments. Reductions in amounts of volatile fatty acids and ammonia produced and amounts of hexose fermented, when observed, were most severe in sodium laurate-treated cultures. These results demonstrate that all tested compounds inhibited ruminal methane production in our in vitro system but their effects on fermentation differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Bozic
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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37
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Abstract
Therapeutic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is widely utilized in the management of anaemia. Critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients in particular, as well as medical and haematology-oncology patients, are among the largest groups of users of RBC products. While anaemia is common in these patients, its treatment and management, including appropriate thresholds for RBC transfusion, remain controversial. We review here the function of RBCs in oxygen transport and physiology, with a view to their role in supporting and maintaining systemic tissue oxygenation. Adaptive and physiological compensatory mechanisms in the setting of anaemia are discussed, along with the limits of compensation. Finally, data from clinical studies will be examined in search of evidence for, or against, a clinically relevant transfusion trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Chang HC, Cheng HH, Huang CJ, Chen WC, Chen IS, Liu SI, Hsu SS, Chang HT, Wang JK, Lu YC, Chou CT, Jan CR. Safrole-Induced Ca2+Mobilization and Cytotoxicity in Human PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 26:199-212. [PMID: 16777715 DOI: 10.1080/10799890600662595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the carcinogen safrole on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and on viability of human PC3 prostate cancer cells was examined. Cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) were measured by using fura-2 as a probe. Safrole at concentrations above 10 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 350 microM. The Ca2+ signal was reduced by more than half after removing extracellular Ca2+ but was unaffected by nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, diltiazem, or verapamil. In Ca2+-free medium, after treatment with 650 microM safrole, 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) failed to release Ca2+. Neither inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 nor modulation of protein kinase C activity affected safrole-induced Ca2+ release. Overnight incubation with 0.65-65 microM safrole did not affect cell viability, but incubation with 325-625 microM safrole decreased viability. Collectively, the data suggest that in PC3 cells, safrole induced a [Ca2+]i increase by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in a phospholipase C- and protein kinase C-independent fashion, and by inducing Ca2+ influx. Safrole can decrease cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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39
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Chang YC, Chu JY, Wang TJ, Lin MW, Yeh JT, Wang JK. Fourier analysis of surface plasmon waves launched from single nanohole and nanohole arrays: unraveling tip-induced effects. Opt Express 2008; 16:740-747. [PMID: 18542150 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the investigation of surface plasmon waves (SPW) generated by single nanohole and nanohole arrays. Scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy is used to directly observe near-field distribution. The images after Fourier transformation display characteristic patterns that match with the derived analytic formula. The correspondence helps to identify the role of the scanning tip in generating SPW, making possible of the removal of this tip-induced effect. This study provides a means to perform in-depth investigation on surface plasmon polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chang
- Material Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, ROC.
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40
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Xue Y, Jiang L, Su N, Wang JK, Deng P, Ma JF, Zhai HQ, Wan JM. The genetic basic and fine-mapping of a stable quantitative-trait loci for aluminium tolerance in rice. Planta 2007; 227:255-62. [PMID: 17721709 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a primary cause of low rice productivity in acid soils. We have mapped a number of quantitative-trait loci (QTL) controlling Al tolerance in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the tolerant japonica cultivar Asominori and the sensitive indica cultivar IR24. Tolerance was assessed on the basis of relative root elongation. QTL were detected on chromosomes 1, 9, and 11, with the percentages of phenotypic variance explained ranging from 13.5 to 17.7%. Alleles from Asominori at all three QTL were associated with increased Al tolerance. qRRE-9 is expressed both in the genetic background of IR24 and in an Asominori/IR24-mixed background. qRRE-9 was reduced to the single recessive Mendelian factor Alt-9. High-resolution genetic and physical maps were constructed for Alt-9 in a BC(3)F(2) population of 1,043 individuals. Alt-9 maps between RM24702 and ID47-2 on chromosome 9, and co-segregates with RM5765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xue
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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41
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Sun XF, Wang LL, Wang JK, Yang J, Zhao H, Wu BY, Wang YF, Wang L. Effects of simvastatin on lung injury induced by ischaemia-reperfusion of the hind limbs in rats. J Int Med Res 2007; 35:523-33. [PMID: 17697530 DOI: 10.1177/147323000703500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether simvastatin reduces lung injury caused by ischaemia-reperfusion of the hind limbs in rats. The control group underwent dissection of bilateral femoral arteries; another group (I/R group) underwent ischaemia of bilateral hind limbs for 2 h followed by 3 h reperfusion; and two other groups were pretreated with 5 or 10 mg/kg per day simvastatin for 3 days and then underwent ischaemia-reperfusion. The control and I/R group rats received placebo (water) instead of simvastatin. The lungs of the I/R rats showed marked histopathological changes compared with the other groups. Lung tissue myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, neutrophil count and lung injury scores in both simvastatin groups were significantly lower than in the I/R group; 10 mg/kg per day simvastatin significantly reduced lung water content although 5 mg/kg per day did not. Expression of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein in lung tissue was significantly greater in the simvastatin groups than in the I/R group. Simvastatin protects against lung injury associated with lower extremity ischaemia-reperfusion by reduction of neutrophil aggregation and oxidative damage, and upregulation of HO-1 expression in the injured lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chou NK, Chang CH, Chi NH, Chang CI, Chen YS, Wu ET, Wu MH, Wang JK, Hsu RB, Huang SC, Ko WJ, Chu SH, Lin FY, Wang SS. Single-center experience of pediatric heart transplantation in taiwan. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2130-1. [PMID: 16980021 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplantation (HTx) is a treatment for end-stage heart failure or a complex or inoperable congenital defect. The long-term survival and the adequate donor to recipient body weight (D/R BW) ratio remain to be determined. From March 1995 to May 2004, 14 children (6 months-16 years of age) underwent HTx due to underlying diseases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 10; 71.4%), congenital heart disease (n = 3; 21.4%), and Kawasaki disease (n = 1; 7.1%). Donor-recipient body weight ratio ranged from 0.89 to 3.9. Big heart syndrome was present in one patient when D/R BW ratio was more than 3. Actuarial survival was 92.9% at 5 years after transplantation. Only the one patient who had Kawasaki disease died due to early primary graft failure. HTx is a feasible method with good long-term survival rates for end-stage heart failure or for complex or inoperable congenital defects. After careful pretransplant evaluation, a high D/R BW ratio (more than 3) is acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Chou
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wong MK, Leung WC, Wang JK, Lao TT, Ip MS, Lam WK, Ho JC. Recurrent pneumothorax in pregnancy: what should we do after placing an intercostal drain. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:375-80. [PMID: 17028358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pneumothorax is rare during pregnancy. We describe a Chinese woman, with a history of spontaneous pneumothorax managed with an intercostal drain, who developed a recurrent pneumothorax during her 32nd week of pregnancy. There is no consensus on management in this situation. We review the literature and discuss different management approaches. Thirty-six cases of antepartum pneumothorax have been reported in 31 case reports. An intercostal drain only (n=11) or surgeries (thoracotomy, n=9; or video-assisted thoracoscopy, n=2) were common treatment options with no surgical complications reported. Twenty-two (61%) patients progressed to a normal vaginal delivery, while the rest required forceps delivery (22%) or Caesarean section (14%). No single treatment option outweighed the others. There were no maternal or foetal complications reported in those who underwent antepartum surgical intervention. Surgical management of recurrent pneumothorax during pregnancy is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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44
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Wan XY, Wan JM, Jiang L, Wang JK, Zhai HQ, Weng JF, Wang HL, Lei CL, Wang JL, Zhang X, Cheng ZJ, Guo XP. QTL analysis for rice grain length and fine mapping of an identified QTL with stable and major effects. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 112:1258-70. [PMID: 16477428 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain length in rice plays an important role in determining rice appearance, milling, cooking and eating quality. In this study, the genetic basis of grain length was dissected into six main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and twelve pairs of epistatic QTLs. The stability of these QTLs was evaluated in four environments using an F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between a Japonica variety, Asominori, and an Indica variety, IR24. Moreover, chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) harboring each of the six main-effect QTLs were used to evaluate gene action of QTLs across eight environments. A major QTL denoted as qGL-3a, was found to express stably not only in the isogenic background of Asominori but also in the recombinant background of Asominori and IR24 under multiple environments. The IR24 allele at qGL-3a has a positive effect on grain length. Based on the test of advanced backcross progenies, qGL-3a was dissected as a single Mendelian factor, i.e., long rice grain was controlled by a recessive gene gl-3. High-resolution genetic and physical maps were further constructed for fine mapping gl-3 by using 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers designed using sequence information from seven BAC/PAC clones and a BC4F2 population consisting of 2,068 individuals. Consequently, the gl-3 gene was narrowed down to a candidate genomic region of 87.5 kb long defined by SSR markers RMw357 and RMw353 on chromosome 3, which provides a basis for map-based cloning of this gene and for marker-aided QTL pyramiding in rice quality breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
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Hsieh YC, Wu MH, Wang JK, Lee PI, Lee CY, Huang LM. Clinical features of atypical Kawasaki disease. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2002; 35:57-60. [PMID: 11950122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
From 1989 through 1998, a total of 132 children admitted to the National Taiwan University Hospital were identified as having Kawasaki disease. Twenty (15%) of them did not meet the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease, but were considered atypical Kawasaki based on the specific clinical signs and exclusion of other causes by serologic study and culture result. The patients' age ranged from 5 months to 11 years, with a mean of 22.2 months and a median of 15 months. The male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Twenty-five percent (5/20) of them had coronary arterial lesion. No difference was found in the age distribution, sex, and rate of coronary artery involvement between typical and atypical Kawasaki disease. All patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin except for 2 patients. At follow-up, patients with coronary arterial lesions had a prognosis as good as those with typical Kawasaki disease. According to these observations, atypical Kawasaki disease may be part of Kawasaki disease occurring via the same pathogenesis, but has incomplete manifestation. Clinical practitioners should have a high index of suspicion to diagnose and initiate prompt treatment to reduce the comorbidity of coronary arterial disease in patients with atypical Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC
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Chang CC, Wu MH, Lin JL, Chen YS, Wang JK, Lue HC. Transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation in children and adolescent. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2001; 42:350-4. [PMID: 11811224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In pediatric patients cardiac pacing has been traditionally carried out by the epicardial approach in Taiwan. This study was to define the long-term results of transvenous endocardial pacemaker therapy in growing children. From 1994 to 1997, patients with sympatomatic bradycardia referred for permanent pacemaker were enrolled. Permanent pacemaker was implanted under propofol anesthesia and direct puncture of subclavian vein and creation of prepectoral pocket. A total of 10 patients ( 5 male, 5 female) aged from 5 to 17 years (13 +/- 4 yrs), constituted the study population. Follow-up period ranged from 14 to 48 months (29 +/- 14 months) . Underlying rhythm disturbances and pacemaker type implanted were: complete atrioventricular (AV) block 5 (VDD pacemaker in 3 and VVIR in 2), sick sinus syndrome 2 (DDDR pacemaker in both), sick sinus syndrome with abnormal AV conduction 1 (WIR), long QT syndrome 1 (VVIR) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 (DDDR). Pacemaker dysfunction occurred in only one patient in whom the endocardial lead was fixed by absorbable thread with an aim to have more flexibility of the lead. The endocardial lead was dislodged but properly reimplanted about 3 months after the initial implantation. All patients had satisfactory lead sensing and pacing threshold during the long-term follow-up. The pacing threshold was much better than that usually neededfor epicardial leads. With growing, none have the problems of lead length. Quality of life was reported to be improved in all. Tranvenous permanent pacemaker implantation is feasible in children aged 5 or older The long-term efficacy is satisfactory. Physiological pacing using a single lead (VDD) is recommended for younger patients with impaired AV conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Abstract
This long-term study sought to determine the clinical implication of defective sinus node and AV conduction tissue in patients with left atrial isomerism (LAI). From 1984 to 1998, a total of 22 patients were identified as LAI. Patient age at the last follow-up ranged from 2 to 276 months (90+/-70 months). Associated cardiac anomalies were interruption of the inferior vena cava (n = 18, 82%), common atrium (n = 9, 41%), AV canal (n = 14, 64%), double-outlet right ventricle (n = 8, 36%), and pulmonary stenosis (n = 15, 68%). Palliative interventions were performed in 16 patients (Fontan-type operation in 4 patients, shunt followed by Fontan-type operation in 2, repair of septal defect in 4, and extracardiac intervention in 6). During the follow-up, over half of the patients (n = 14, 64%) developed bradyarrhythmia (onset age: from 1 to 264 months; median 78 months): junctional rhythm (n = 11), sinus bradycardia (n = 8) (5 patients also had junctional rhythm), and AV block (n = 2, both also had junctional rhythm). The probability free from bradyarrhythmia was 80% and 46% at the age of 2 and 6 years, respectively. None of the bradyarrhythmias were directly related to open-heart surgery. Besides, junctional ectopic tachycardia occurred after Fontan-type operation in three of six patients. In two patients, a Mahaim-like pathway was identified during the electrophysiological study. The patients with LAI had a high probability of developing bradyarrhythmias due to abnormal sinus node function. Varied AV conduction abnormalities may include compromised AV conduction, junctional ectopic tachycardia after Fontan-type operation, and an association of Mahaim-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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Lee ML, Wu MH, Wang JK, Lue HC. Echocardiographic assessment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connections in pediatric patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:729-35. [PMID: 11802530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac catheterization can be superfluous and risky for sick babies, infants, and young children with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). This study assessed the accuracy of echocardiography in the clinical assessment of pediatric patients with TAPVC before cardiac surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 15 consecutive patients with TAPVC treated between July 1, 1993, and December 31, 1999, were included in this retrospective study. Patients with TAPVC with heterotaxy syndrome were excluded. We assessed this cardiac anomaly preoperatively using plain chest roentgenograms, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A combination of suprasternal, parasternal, subcostal, and apical four-chamber views and their tilting scans were employed for diagnosis and to trace the course of the anomalous pulmonary venous connection. RESULTS Interatrial right-to-left shunt via atrial septal defects were documented by two-dimensional echocardiography with color Doppler mapping in all 15 patients. Patent ductus arteriosus was found in six patients. Cardiomegaly with enlargement of the right atrium and the right ventricle could be seen on plain chest roentgenograms and by echocardiography in all but two patients with infracardiac TAPVC. In all patients, the left innominate vein, coronary sinus or right atrium, and portal vein were the draining sites of supracardiac, cardiac, and infracardiac TAPVC, respectively. A pattern of continuous flow without phasic variation, which is suggestive of stenosis of the pulmonary vein, was found in two patients with infracardiac TAPVC with obstruction. The surgical findings were reviewed and correlated well with those of the echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS In infants and children with TAPVC, the drainage sites and flow profiles of the pulmonary veins can be exactly determined by Doppler echocardiography preoperatively, which makes cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Lee
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taipei
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Wu CH, Hwu WL, Wang JK, Young C, Peng SS, Kuo MF. Deletion of 11q24.2-qter with agenesis of unilateral internal carotid artery and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Am J Med Genet 2001; 103:245-8. [PMID: 11745999 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Retroesophageal aortic arch (REAA) can be further divided to right or left retroesophageal aortic arch. The right REAA has right ascending and left descending aorta with retroesophageal segment, whereas the left REAA has left ascending and right descending aorta. The REAA with retroesophageal segment may cause tracheoesophageal compression by the formation of a vascular ring. A total of eight patients were identified from the database from 1996 to 1999. Among them, five were right REAA and three were left REAA. The age at diagnosis varied from 4 days to 16 years (median 8 years). The clinical findings and initial diagnostic investigations, including the chest X-ray, echocardiography and esophagogram, suspected the presence of this anomaly. The diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrafast computed tomography with or without three-dimensional reconstruction. Half of the total patients, two of right and two of left REAA were symptomatic and needed operation. The symptoms related to the retroesophageal aortic arch appeared during infancy and early childhood (six cases), and only rarely in late childhood and adults (two cases). Half of the patients were associated with congenital heart disease, but no specific patterns of congenital heart disease were identified. The sensitivity of the early diagnosis of REAA by chest roentgenogram, echocardiography, esophagogram and angiography was 37% (3/8), 0% (0/7), 100% (1/1) and 60% (3/5), respectively. The sensitivity of ultrafast CT was 100% (8) in delineating both retroesophageal segment and complete vascular ring. Operation to relieve the vascular compression was performed in two cases with right REAA and two with left REAA. Only one died after the operation, due to pulmonary arterial sling and tracheal stenosis. The surviving patients had been asymptomatic during follow up. In conclusion, REAA can be best diagnosed by ultrafast computed tomography with or without three-dimensional reconstruction. If symptomatic, surgery to relieve the compression is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Philip
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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