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Cano A, Vazquez-Chantada M, Conde-Vancells J, Gonzalez-Lahera A, Mosen-Ansorena D, Blanco FJ, Clément K, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Tran A, Gual P, García-Monzón C, Caballería J, Castro A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Mato JM, Zhu H, Finnell RH, Aransay AM. Impaired Function of Solute Carrier Family 19 Leads to Low Folate Levels and Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Hepatocytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020337. [PMID: 36830876 PMCID: PMC9953281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Low serum folate levels are inversely related to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The role of the folate transporter gene (SLC19A1) was assessed to clarify its involvement in lipid accumulation during the onset of MAFLD in humans and in liver cells by genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic techniques. Genotypes of 3 SNPs in a case-control cohort were initially correlated to clinical and serum MAFLD markers. Subsequently, the expression of 84 key genes in response to the loss of SLC19A1 was evaluated with the aid of an RT2 profiler-array. After shRNA-silencing of SLC19A1 in THLE2 cells, folate and lipid levels were measured by ELISA and staining techniques, respectively. In addition, up to 482 amino acids and lipid metabolites were semi-quantified in SLC19A1-knockdown (KD) cells through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. SNPs, rs1051266 and rs3788200, were significantly associated with the development of fatty liver for the single-marker allelic test. The minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with a 0.6/-1.67-fold decreased risk of developing MAFLD. When SLC19A1 was KD in THLE2 cells, intracellular folate content was four times lower than in wild-type cells. The lack of functional SLC19A1 provoked significant changes in the regulation of genes associated with lipid droplet accumulation within the cell and the onset of NAFLD. Metabolomic analyses showed a highly altered profile, where most of the species that accumulated in SLC19A1-KD-cells belong to the chemical groups of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and long chain, highly unsaturated cholesterol esters. In conclusion, the lack of SLC19A1 gene expression in hepatocytes affects the regulation of key genes for normal liver function, reduces intracellular folate levels, and impairs lipid metabolism, which entails lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Cano
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Building 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vazquez-Chantada
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Javier Conde-Vancells
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aintzane Gonzalez-Lahera
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutriomics Research Group, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, NutriOmics Team 6, F-75013 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department ICAN and CRNH-Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutriomics Research Group, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, NutriOmics Team 6, F-75013 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department ICAN and CRNH-Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol”, INSERM, U1065, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol”, INSERM, U1065, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Liver Research Unit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Caballería
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Castro
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-944-061-325 or +34-946-572-524; Fax: +34-946-572-530
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2
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Palomo L, Mleczko JE, Azkargorta M, Conde-Vancells J, González E, Elortza F, Royo F, Falcon-Perez JM. Abundance of Cytochromes in Hepatic Extracellular Vesicles Is Altered by Drugs Related With Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1064-1079. [PMID: 30202821 PMCID: PMC6128234 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious worldwide health problem that accounts for more than 50% of acute liver failure. There is a great interest in clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical industry to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms and find noninvasive biomarkers for this pathology. Cell‐secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have provided a new biological source to identify low disease invasive markers. Despite the intense research developed on these vesicles, there is currently a gap on their patho‐physiological effects. Here, we study EVs secreted by primary rat hepatocytes challenged with galactatosamine (GalN), acetaminophen, or diclofenac as DILI in vitromodels. Proteomics analysis of these EVs revealed an increase in enzymes already associated with liver damage, such as catecholamine‐methyl transferase and arginase 1. An increase in translation‐related proteins and a decrease in regulators of apoptosis were also observed. In addition, we show the presence of enzymatic activity of P450 cytochrome 2d1 in EVs. The activity specifically is decreased in EVs secreted by hepatocytes after acetaminophen treatment and increased in EVs derived from GalN‐treated hepatocytes. By using in vivo preclinical models, we demonstrate the presence of this cytochrome activity in circulation under normal conditions and an increased activity after GalN‐induced injury. Conclusion: Hepatocyte‐secreted EVs carry active xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes that might be relevant in extracellular metabolism of drugs and be associated with DILI. (Hepatology Communications 2018;0:00‐00)
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palomo
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed Bizkaia Spain
| | | | | | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed Bizkaia Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd Bizkaia Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd Bizkaia Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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3
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McCollum CW, Conde-Vancells J, Hans C, Vazquez-Chantada M, Kleinstreuer N, Tal T, Knudsen T, Shah SS, Merchant FA, Finnell RH, Gustafsson JÅ, Cabrera R, Bondesson M. Identification of vascular disruptor compounds by analysis in zebrafish embryos and mouse embryonic endothelial cells. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 70:60-69. [PMID: 27838387 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify vascular disruptor compounds (VDCs), this study utilized an in vivo zebrafish embryo vascular model in conjunction with a mouse endothelial cell model to screen a subset of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast Phase I chemical inventory. In zebrafish, 161 compounds were screened and 34 were identified by visual inspection as VDCs, of which 28 were confirmed as VDCs by quantitative image analysis. Testing of the zebrafish VDCs for their capacity to inhibit endothelial tube formation in the murine yolk-sac-derived endothelial cell line C166 identified 22 compounds that both disrupted zebrafish vascular development and murine endothelial in vitro tubulogenesis. Putative molecular targets for the VDCs were predicted using EPA's Toxicological Prioritization Index tool and a VDC signature based on a proposed adverse outcome pathway for developmental vascular toxicity. In conclusion, our screening approach identified 22 novel VDCs, some of which were active at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W McCollum
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Javier Conde-Vancells
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Charu Hans
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mercedes Vazquez-Chantada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shishir S Shah
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Fatima A Merchant
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Cabrera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Royo F, Schlangen K, Palomo L, Gonzalez E, Conde-Vancells J, Berisa A, Aransay AM, Falcon-Perez JM. Transcriptome of extracellular vesicles released by hepatocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68693. [PMID: 23874726 PMCID: PMC3708910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that the cells communicate through emission of vesicles has opened new opportunities for better understanding of physiological and pathological mechanisms. This discovery also provides a novel source for non-invasive disease biomarker research. Our group has previously reported that hepatocytes release extracellular vesicles with protein content reflecting the cell-type of origin. Here, we show that the extracellular vesicles released by hepatocytes also carry RNA. We report the messenger RNA composition of extracellular vesicles released in two non-tumoral hepatic models: primary culture of rat hepatocytes and a progenitor cell line obtained from a mouse foetal liver. We describe different subpopulations of extracellular vesicles with different densities and protein and RNA content. We also show that the RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles released by primary hepatocytes can be transferred to rat liver stellate-like cells and promote their activation. Finally, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that liver-damaging drugs galactosamine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac modify the RNA content of these vesicles. To summarize, we show that the extracellular vesicles secreted by hepatocytes contain various RNAs. These vesicles, likely to be involved in the activation of stellate cells, might become a new source for non-invasive identification of the liver toxicity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Royo
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Karin Schlangen
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Palomo
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Agustin Berisa
- R&D and Innovation Department, FAES FARMA S.A., Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- Genome Analysis Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Abstract
In the last years, disease biomarker discovery has highly evolved thanks to the application of high--throughput technologies such as proteomics. However, due to the elevated complexity and abundance of some of the proteins in the samples the analysis of subcellular compartments has been revealed to be fundamental in order to identify underrepresented clinically relevant proteins. In this sense, extracellular microvesicles including exosomes that are present in different body fluids constitute a suitable and convenient subcellular compartment to identify disease biomarkers. On the other hand, animal models offer numerous advantages over human samples in order to accelerate the identification of candidate biomarkers. In this chapter we provide a detailed methodology to purify and analyze urinary exosomes that can be applied to the study of different diseases that have good animal models.
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6
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Gonzalez E, van Liempd S, Conde-Vancells J, Gutierrez-de Juan V, Perez-Cormenzana M, Mayo R, Berisa A, Alonso C, Marquez CA, Barr J, Lu SC, Mato JM, Falcon-Perez JM. Serum UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling in an experimental model for acute-liver injury reveals potential biomarkers for hepatotoxicity. Metabolomics 2011; 8:997-1011. [PMID: 23139648 PMCID: PMC3490499 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-011-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A key interest in clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical industry is to have a repertoire of noninvasive biomarkers to-individually or in combination-be able to infer or predict the degree of liver injury caused by pathological conditions or drugs. Metabolomics-a comprehensive study of global metabolites-has become a highly sensitive and powerful tool for biomarker discovery thanks to recent technological advances. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF MS/MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate sera from galactosamine-treated rats to find potential biomarkers for acute liver injury. Hepatic damage was quantified by determining serum transaminase activity and in situ liver histological lesions. Principal component analysis in combination with coefficient of correlation analysis was used for biomarker selection and identification. According to the data, serum levels of several metabolites including glucose, amino acids, and membrane lipids were significantly modified, some of them showing a high correlation with the degree of liver damage determined by histological examination of the livers. In conclusion, this study supports that UPLC-MS/MS based serum metabolomics in experimental animal models could be a powerful approach to search for biomarkers for drug- or disease-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Gonzalez
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan van Liempd
- Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Vancells
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Mayo
- OWL Genomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Agustin Berisa
- R&D and Innovation Department, FAES FARMA S.A., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Genomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Barr
- OWL Genomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jose M. Mato
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Conde-Vancells J, Rodriguez-Suarez E, Gonzalez E, Berisa A, Gil D, Embade N, Valle M, Luka Z, Elortza F, Wagner C, Lu SC, Mato JM, Falcon-Perez M. Candidate biomarkers in exosome-like vesicles purified from rat and mouse urine samples. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 4:416-25. [PMID: 20535238 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a compelling clinical imperative to identify discerning molecular biomarkers of hepatic disease in order to inform the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have investigated the proteome of urinary vesicles present in urine samples obtained from experimental models for the study of liver injury, as an approach for identifying potential biomarkers for hepatic disease. RESULTS The biochemical and proteomic characterization of highly purified exosome-like urinary vesicles has identified 28 proteins previously unreported in these vesicles, and many that have been previously associated with diseases, such as the prion-related protein. Furthermore, in urine samples from D-galactosamine-treated rats, a well-characterized experimental model for acute liver injury, we have detected a severe reduction in some proteins that normally are clearly detected in urinary vesicles. Finally, differential protein content on urinary vesicles from a mouse model for chronic liver injury has been also identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results argue positively that urinary vesicles could be a source for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of liver injury. We proposed some proteins such as Cd26, Cd81, Slc3A1 and Cd10 that have been found to be differentially expressed in urinary vesicles from some of the analyzed models as potential biomarkers for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Vancells
- Metabolomics Unit, CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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Conde-Vancells J, Gonzalez E, Lu SC, Mato JM, Falcon-Perez JM. Overview of extracellular microvesicles in drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:543-54. [PMID: 20192903 DOI: 10.1517/17425251003614766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Liver is the major body reservoir for enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Recently, it has been shown that hepatocytes release exosome-like vesicles to the extracellular medium, and the proteomic characterization of these hepatocyte-secreted exosomes has revealed the presence of several of these enzymes on them. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A systematic bibliographic search focused on two related aspects: i) xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that have been detected in microvesicles (MVs); and ii) MVs that are in the blood stream or secreted by cell types with clear interactions with this fluid. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A discussion of these hepatocyte-secreted vesicles along with other MVs as enzymatic carriers in the context of extrahepatic drug-metabolizing systems. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The contribution of many tissues including the liver to the MV plasma population is supported by several reports. On the other hand, many enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs have been detected in MVs. Together, these observations support a role of hepatic-MVs in spreading the liver metabolizing activities through the body contributing in this manner to extrahepatic drug metabolism systems what could be relevant for body homeostasis and pharmaceutical interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Vancells
- Metabolomics Unit, CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bldg.801-A, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
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9
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Conde-Vancells J, Rodriguez-Suarez E, Embade N, Gil D, Matthiesen R, Valle M, Elortza F, Lu SC, Mato JM, Falcon-Perez JM. Characterization and comprehensive proteome profiling of exosomes secreted by hepatocytes. J Proteome Res 2009; 7:5157-66. [PMID: 19367702 DOI: 10.1021/pr8004887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes represent a discrete population of vesicles that are secreted from various cell types to the extracellular media. Their protein and lipid composition are a consequence of sorting events at the level of the multivesicular body, a central organelle which integrates endocytic and secretory pathways. Characterization of exosomes from different biological samples has shown the presence of common as well as cell-type specific proteins. Remarkably, the protein content of the exosomes is modified upon pathological or stress conditions. Hepatocytes play a central role in the body response to stress metabolizing potentially harmful endogenous substances as well as xenobiotics. In the present study, we described and characterized for the first time exosome secretion in nontumoral hepatocytes, and with the use of a systematic proteomic approach, we establish the first extensive proteome of a hepatocyte-derived exosome population which should be useful in furthering our understanding of the hepatic function and in the identification of components that may serve as biomarkers for hepatic alterations. Our analysis identifies a significant number of proteins previously described among exosomes derived from others cell types as well as proteins involved in metabolizing lipoproteins, endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, not previously described in exosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exosomal membrane proteins can constitute an interesting tool to express nonexosomal proteins into exosomes with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Vancells
- Metabolomics Unit, CICbioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
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