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Nair H, Simões EA, Rudan I, Gessner BD, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Zhang JSF, Feikin DR, Mackenzie GA, Moiïsi JC, Roca A, Baggett HC, Zaman SM, Singleton RJ, Lucero MG, Chandran A, Gentile A, Cohen C, Krishnan A, Bhutta ZA, Arguedas A, Clara AW, Andrade AL, Ope M, Ruvinsky RO, Hortal M, McCracken JP, Madhi SA, Bruce N, Qazi SA, Morris SS, El Arifeen S, Weber MW, Scott JAG, Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Campbell H. Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2013; 381:1380-1390. [PMID: 23369797 PMCID: PMC3986472 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. METHODS We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. FINDINGS We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265,000 (95% CI 160,000-450,000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. INTERPRETATION Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. FUNDING WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Nair
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
| | - Eric Af Simões
- University of Colorado Denver and Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA; The University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jian Shayne F Zhang
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Social Insurance Fund Management Centre, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daniel R Feikin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grant A Mackenzie
- Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jennifer C Moiïsi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anna Roca
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Ministerio de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Henry C Baggett
- International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Syed Ma Zaman
- Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia; Health Protection Services Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - Rosalyn J Singleton
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK, USA; Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Marilla G Lucero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela Gentile
- Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa; School of Public Health and Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adriano Arguedas
- Instituto de Atención Pediatrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Centro América, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Maurice Ope
- East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - María Hortal
- Program for Basic Sciences Development, National University/PNUD, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, and National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Shamim A Qazi
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - J Anthony G Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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