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Wyss AB, Sofer T, Lee MK, Terzikhan N, Nguyen JN, Lahousse L, Latourelle JC, Smith AV, Bartz TM, Feitosa MF, Gao W, Ahluwalia TS, Tang W, Oldmeadow C, Duan Q, de Jong K, Wojczynski MK, Wang XQ, Noordam R, Hartwig FP, Jackson VE, Wang T, Obeidat M, Hobbs BD, Huan T, Gui H, Parker MM, Hu D, Mogil LS, Kichaev G, Jin J, Graff M, Harris TB, Kalhan R, Heckbert SR, Paternoster L, Burkart KM, Liu Y, Holliday EG, Wilson JG, Vonk JM, Sanders JL, Barr RG, de Mutsert R, Menezes AMB, Adams HHH, van den Berge M, Joehanes R, Levin AM, Liberto J, Launer LJ, Morrison AC, Sitlani CM, Celedón JC, Kritchevsky SB, Scott RJ, Christensen K, Rotter JI, Bonten TN, Wehrmeister FC, Bossé Y, Xiao S, Oh S, Franceschini N, Brody JA, Kaplan RC, Lohman K, McEvoy M, Province MA, Rosendaal FR, Taylor KD, Nickle DC, Williams LK, Burchard EG, Wheeler HE, Sin DD, Gudnason V, North KE, Fornage M, Psaty BM, Myers RH, O'Connor G, Hansen T, Laurie CC, Cassano PA, Sung J, Kim WJ, Attia JR, Lange L, Boezen HM, Thyagarajan B, Rich SS, Mook-Kanamori DO, Horta BL, Uitterlinden AG, Im HK, Cho MH, Brusselle GG, Gharib SA, Dupuis J, Manichaikul A, London SJ. Multiethnic meta-analysis identifies ancestry-specific and cross-ancestry loci for pulmonary function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2976. [PMID: 30061609 PMCID: PMC6065313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 100 loci have been identified for pulmonary function, almost exclusively in studies of European ancestry populations. We extend previous research by meta-analyzing genome-wide association studies of 1000 Genomes imputed variants in relation to pulmonary function in a multiethnic population of 90,715 individuals of European (N = 60,552), African (N = 8429), Asian (N = 9959), and Hispanic/Latino (N = 11,775) ethnicities. We identify over 50 additional loci at genome-wide significance in ancestry-specific or multiethnic meta-analyses. Using recent fine-mapping methods incorporating functional annotation, gene expression, and differences in linkage disequilibrium between ethnicities, we further shed light on potential causal variants and genes at known and newly identified loci. Several of the novel genes encode proteins with predicted or established drug targets, including KCNK2 and CDK12. Our study highlights the utility of multiethnic and integrative genomics approaches to extend existing knowledge of the genetics of lung function and clinical relevance of implicated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer N Nguyen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, FFW, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jeanne C Latourelle
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Genetics Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kim de Jong
- Department of Epidemiologie, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donglei Hu
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lauren S Mogil
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Gleb Kichaev
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Department of Health and Human Services, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kristin M Burkart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiologie, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason L Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jennifer Liberto
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Department of Health and Human Services, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Tobias N Bonten
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Shujie Xiao
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sam Oh
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - David C Nickle
- Merck Research Laboratories, GpGx, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Heather E Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Richard H Myers
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - George O'Connor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Genetics Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Health Science, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Leslie Lange
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiologie, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 96020-220, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000, CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Department of Medicine, Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Mak ACY, White MJ, Eckalbar WL, Szpiech ZA, Oh SS, Pino-Yanes M, Hu D, Goddard P, Huntsman S, Galanter J, Wu AC, Himes BE, Germer S, Vogel JM, Bunting KL, Eng C, Salazar S, Keys KL, Liberto J, Nuckton TJ, Nguyen TA, Torgerson DG, Kwok PY, Levin AM, Celedón JC, Forno E, Hakonarson H, Sleiman PM, Dahlin A, Tantisira KG, Weiss ST, Serebrisky D, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Farber HJ, Meade K, Lenoir MA, Avila PC, Sen S, Thyne SM, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Winkler CA, Moreno-Estrada A, Sandoval K, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Kumar R, Williams LK, Ahituv N, Ziv E, Seibold MA, Darnell RB, Zaitlen N, Hernandez RD. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pharmacogenetic Drug Response in Racially Diverse Children with Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1552-1564. [PMID: 29509491 PMCID: PMC6006403 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2529oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Albuterol, a bronchodilator medication, is the first-line therapy for asthma worldwide. There are significant racial/ethnic differences in albuterol drug response. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants important for bronchodilator drug response (BDR) in racially diverse children. METHODS We performed the first whole-genome sequencing pharmacogenetics study from 1,441 children with asthma from the tails of the BDR distribution to identify genetic association with BDR. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified population-specific and shared genetic variants associated with BDR, including genome-wide significant (P < 3.53 × 10-7) and suggestive (P < 7.06 × 10-6) loci near genes previously associated with lung capacity (DNAH5), immunity (NFKB1 and PLCB1), and β-adrenergic signaling (ADAMTS3 and COX18). Functional analyses of the BDR-associated SNP in NFKB1 revealed potential regulatory function in bronchial smooth muscle cells. The SNP is also an expression quantitative trait locus for a neighboring gene, SLC39A8. The lack of other asthma study populations with BDR and whole-genome sequencing data on minority children makes it impossible to perform replication of our rare variant associations. Minority underrepresentation also poses significant challenges to identify age-matched and population-matched cohorts of sufficient sample size for replication of our common variant findings. CONCLUSIONS The lack of minority data, despite a collaboration of eight universities and 13 individual laboratories, highlights the urgent need for a dedicated national effort to prioritize diversity in research. Our study expands the understanding of pharmacogenetic analyses in racially/ethnically diverse populations and advances the foundation for precision medicine in at-risk and understudied minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N. S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Chen Wu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Precision Medicine Translational Research (PRoMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Institute for Human Genetics, and
| | | | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M. Sleiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelan G. Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denise Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Harold J. Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelley Meade
- Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, California
| | | | - Pedro C. Avila
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Shannon M. Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Basic Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - L. Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- Institute for Human Genetics, and
| | | | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Robert B. Darnell
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ryan D. Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - on behalf of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
- Department of Pediatrics
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Institute for Human Genetics, and
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N. S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Precision Medicine Translational Research (PRoMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
- Department of Public Health Sciences
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, California
- Bay Area Pediatrics, Oakland, California
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Veterans Caribbean Health Care System, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Basic Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (UGA-LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Centro de Neumologia Pediatrica, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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