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Aldhaam NA, Hussein AA, Elsayed AS, Jing Z, Osei J, Kurbiel Z, Babar T, Khan S, Nagra A, Segal B, Li Q, Guru KA. Detailed Analysis of Urinary Tract Infections After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. J Endourol 2020; 35:62-70. [PMID: 32664741 DOI: 10.1089/end.2020.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe urinary tract infections (UTIs) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and investigate the variables associated with it. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 616 patients who underwent RARC between 2005 and 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into those who developed UTI and those who did not. Patients who developed UTI were further subdivided into three subgroups according to the onset, number, and severity. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to depict time to UTI. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate variables associated with UTI. Result: Two hundred forty (39%) patients were diagnosed with UTI after RARC; 48% occurred within 30 days, 17% within 30-90 days, and 35% at 90 days after RARC. Twenty-three percent of the patients presented with urosepsis. The median (interquartile ratio) time to develop UTI was 1 (0.3-7) month. On multivariate analysis, patients who received neobladders (odds ratio [OR] 2.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-5.20; p < 0.01), prolonged hospital stay (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.08; p < 0.01), adjuvant chemotherapy (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.60; p < 0.01), poor renal function postoperatively (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.30-3.80; p < 0.01), postoperative hydronephrosis (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.40-4.50; p < 0.01), ureteroileal anastomotic stricture (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.50-5.70; p < 0.01), and stented ureteroileal anastomosis (OR 9.35; 95% CI 1.23-71.19; p = 0.03) were associated with UTI after RARC. Conclusion: UTI is common after RARC mainly within the first month after RARC. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common causative organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Aldhaam
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Jing
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Zachary Kurbiel
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tarik Babar
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sara Khan
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Avneet Nagra
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brahm Segal
- Internal Medicine Department, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Urology Department and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Aldhaam NA, Elsayed AS, Hussein AA, Siam A, Osei J, Jing Z, Babar T, Graton M, Kurtz T, Johnson T, Rowan S, Miller C, Li Q, Guru KA. Impact of Perioperative Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Pathway on Early Outcomes after Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy: A Matched Analysis. Urology 2020; 147:155-161. [PMID: 32891639 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of incorporating physical rehabilitation, nutrition and psychosocial care as part of the "NEEW" (Nutrition, Exercise, patient Education and Wellness) on perioperative outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. METHODS Patients were divided into 2 groups: pathway group (NEEW in addition to enhanced recovery after surgery), vs prepathway group, before NEEW initiation (enhanced recovery after surgery only). Propensity score matching was performed (ratio 1:2 ratio). Perioperative outcomes were analyzed and compared. Multivariate analyses were modeled to assess for association between NEEW pathway and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and niney-two were included in the study: 64 patients (33%) in the pathway group vs 128 patients (67%) in the prepathway group. Pathway group had shorter median inpatient stay (5 vs 6 days, P <.01), faster bowel recovery (3 vs 4 days, P <.01), and better pain scores, and demonstrated fewer 30-day high grade complications (5% vs 16%, P = .02). On multivariate analysis, the NEEW pathway was associated with shorter hospital stay (1.75 days shorter), faster bowel recovery (1 day faster), longer functional mobility time (4 minutes longer) and less pain scores (average 1 point less). CONCLUSION Standardized perioperative pathway with weekly multidisciplinary team meeting was associated with improved short-term perioperative outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Aldhaam
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Ahmed S Elsayed
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Alat Siam
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Tarik Babar
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Michelle Graton
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Therese Kurtz
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Teresa Johnson
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Stefanie Rowan
- Department of Ambulatory Services, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Carolyn Miller
- Department of Physical Therapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY
| | - Khurshid A Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY.
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Nunez Bragayrac LA, Hussein AA, Attwood K, Pop E, James G, Osei J, Murekeysoni C, Kauffman EC. Feasibility and continence outcomes of extended prostatic urethral preservation during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 23:286-294. [PMID: 31700145 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostatic urethra is conventionally resected during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We describe the technical feasibility and urinary continence outcomes of extended prostatic urethral preservation (EPUP) during RARP. METHODS A single surgeon at a National Comprehensive Cancer Network institute performed 48 consecutive RARP operations using EPUP from March 2014 to March 2016, during which time 177 conventional non-EPUP RARP operations were performed by other surgeons. Prior to this period, the EPUP surgeon had performed 17 non-EPUP RARP operations over 15 months. Total intracorporeal urethral length (IUL) preserved during EPUP was measured intraoperatively. Associations of EPUP and IUL with continence recovery rates and/or times were tested in Fisher's exact and log rank univariate analyses and Cox logistic regression multivariable analyses. RESULTS Median IUL preserved during EPUP was 4.0 cm (range 2.5-6.0 cm), and urethral dissections typically spanned the prostatic apex to mid-gland or base. Seven-week continence rates were significantly higher with versus without EPUP. EPUP patient rates of using 0 or 0-1 pads per day immediately after catheter removal were 19% and 35%, respectively. These rates increased significantly (53% and 76%, respectively), as did the IUL preserved (median 5.0 cm), among more recent EPUP patients (n = 17), which suggested a learning curve. In multivariable analyses including all patients, an EPUP approach was an independent predictor of faster continence recovery. In multivariable analyses of the EPUP subset, a longer IUL preserved was independently associated with faster continence recovery. No EPUP patient had a urethral fossa positive margin, and apical positive margins were similarly infrequent among EPUP and non-EPUP patients. CONCLUSIONS EPUP is technically feasible during RARP and associated with faster continence recovery. Future investigation into the generalizability of these findings and the oncologic safety of EPUP is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elena Pop
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gaybrielle James
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric C Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Osei J, Kelly W, Toffolo K, Donahue K, Levy B, Bard J, Wang J, Levy E, Nowak N, Poulsen D. Thymosin beta 4 induces significant changes in the plasma miRNA profile following severe traumatic brain injury in the rat lateral fluid percussion injury model. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 18:159-164. [PMID: 29873258 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1484102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) has demonstrated neuroprotective potential in models of neurlogical injury. The neuroprotective potential of Tβ4 has been associated with increased miR-200a and miR-200b within the brain following stroke. Here we tested the hypothesis that Tβ4 treatment could also alter miRNA profiles within the plasma following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We used the rat lateral fluid percusion injury model of severe TBI to test this hypothesis. Highly sensitive and quantitative droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used to measure the plasma concentrations of miR-200 family members. In addition, we conducted RNAseq analysis of plasma miRNA to further identify changes associated with TBI and treatment with Tβ4. RESULTS ddPCR demonstrated that miR-200a-3p andmiR-200b-3p were both significantly increased in plasma following treatment with Tβ4 after severe TBI. RNAseq analysis suggested that miR-300-3p and miR-598-3p increased while miR-450-3p and miR-194-5p significantly decreased following TBI. In contrast, miR-194-5p significantly increased in Tβ4 treated rats following TBI. In addition, we identified nine plasma miRNAs whose expression significantly changed following treatment with Tβ4. CONCLUSIONS Tβ4 treatment significantly increased plasma levels of miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p, while RNAseq analysis identified miR-194-5p as a candidate miRNA that may be critical for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osei
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - William Kelly
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kathryn Toffolo
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kaitlynn Donahue
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Bennet Levy
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Jonathan Bard
- b New York State Center for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- c Center for Computational Research , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Elad Levy
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Norma Nowak
- b New York State Center for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - David Poulsen
- a Department of Neurosrgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sceinces , Univeristy at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Toffolo K, Osei J, Kelly W, Poulsen A, Donahue K, Wang J, Hunter M, Bard J, Wang J, Poulsen D. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:199-208. [PMID: 30195586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies can be greatly improved through the inclusion of diagnostic, prognostic, predictive or pharmacodynamics biomarkers. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) represent highly stable targets that respond to physiological and pathological changes. MicroRNA biomarkers can be detected by highly sensitive and absolutely quantitative methods currently available in most clinical laboratories. Here we review preclinical and clinical studies that have examined circulating miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We also present data that suggests pharmacodynamics biomarkers can be identified that are associated with neuroprotection in general. Although circulating miRNA can serve as useful tools, it is clear their expression profiles are highly sensitive to changing conditions and are influenced by a broad range of parameters including age, sex, body mass index, injury severity, time of collection, as well as methods of processing, purification and detection. Thus, considerable effort will be required to standardize methods and experimental design conditions before circulating miRNAs can prove useful in a heterologous injury like TBI. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Toffolo
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - William Kelly
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Austin Poulsen
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kaitlynn Donahue
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Madison Hunter
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jonathan Bard
- New York State Center for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- New York State Center for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David Poulsen
- Neurosurgery Department, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Osei J, Baumgartner J, Rothman M, Matsungo TM, Covic N, Faber M, Smuts CM. Iodine status and associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development in six-month-old South African infants. Matern Child Nutr 2016; 13. [PMID: 28028913 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is important for normal growth and psychomotor development. While infants below 6 months of age receive iodine from breast milk or fortified infant formula, the introduction of complementary foods poses a serious risk for deteriorating iodine status. This cross-sectional analysis assessed the iodine status of six-month-old South African infants and explored its associations with feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development. Iodine concentrations were measured in infant (n = 386) and maternal (n = 371) urine (urinary iodine concentration [UIC]), and in breast milk (n = 257 [breast milk iodine concentrations]). Feeding practices and psychomotor milestone development were assessed in all infants. The median (25th-75th percentile) UIC in infants was 345 (213-596) μg/L and was significantly lower in stunted (302 [195-504] μg/L) than non-stunted (366 [225-641] μg/L) infants. Only 6.7% of infants were deficient. Maternal UIC (128 [81-216] μg/L; rs = 0.218, p < 0.001) and breast milk iodine concentrations (170 [110-270] μg/kg; rs = 0.447, p < 0.0001) were associated with infant UIC. Most infants (72%) were breastfed and tended to have higher UIC than non-breastfed infants (p = 0.074). Almost all infants (95%) consumed semi-solid or solid foods, with commercial infant cereals (60%) and jarred infant foods (20%) being the most common solid foods first introduced. Infants who reported to consume commercial infant cereals ≥4 days weekly had significantly higher UIC (372 [225-637] μg/L) than those reported to consume commercial infant cereals seldom or never (308 [200-517] μg/L; p = 0.023). No associations between infant UIC and psychomotor developmental scores were observed. Our results suggest that iodine intake in the studied six-month-old infants was adequate. Iodine in breast milk and commercial infant cereals potentially contributed to this adequate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osei
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marinel Rothman
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tonderayi M Matsungo
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health & Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mieke Faber
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Osei J, Andersson M, van der Reijden O, Dold S, Smuts CM, Baumgartner J. Breast-Milk Iodine Concentrations, Iodine Status, and Thyroid Function of Breastfed Infants Aged 2-4 Months and Their Mothers Residing in a South African Township. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016; 8:381-391. [PMID: 27217155 PMCID: PMC5197995 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactating women and their infants are susceptible to iodine deficiency and iodine excess. In South Africa, no data exist on the iodine status and thyroid function of these vulnerable groups. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), thyroid function, and breast-milk iodine concentrations (BMIC) were assessed in 100 lactating women from a South African township and their 2-4-month-old breastfed infants. Potential predictors of UIC, thyroid function, and BMIC, including household salt iodine concentrations (SIC) and maternal sodium excretion, were also investigated. RESULTS The median (25th-75th percentile) UIC was 373 (202-627) μg/L in infants and 118 (67-179) μg/L in mothers. Median household SIC was 44 (27-63) ppm. Household SIC and maternal urinary sodium excretion predicted UIC of lactating mothers. Median BMIC was 179 (126-269) μg/L. Age of infants, SIC, and maternal UIC predicted BMIC. In turn, infant age and BMIC predicted UIC of infants. Forty-two percent of SIC values were within the South African recommended salt iodine fortification level at production of 35-65 ppm, whilst 21% of SIC were >65 ppm. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and thyroglobulin concentrations in the dried whole blood spot specimens from the infants were 1.3 (0.8-1.9) mU/L, 128±33 mmol/L, and 77.1 (56.3-105.7) μg/L, respectively, and did not correlate with infant UIC or BMIC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the salt fortification program in South Africa provides adequate iodine to lactating women and indirectly to their infants via breast milk. However, monitoring of salt iodine content of the mandatory salt iodization program in South Africa is important to avoid over-iodization of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Osei
- North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Phone: +27 18 299 40 11 E-mail:
| | - Maria Andersson
- ETH Zurich, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia van der Reijden
- ETH Zurich, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dold
- ETH Zurich, Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius M. Smuts
- North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Osei J, Crouse MS, McLean KJ, Flaten JA, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. 0019 Development of an immunohistochemical technique to determine presence and localization of glucose transporter GLUT3 in bovine utero-placental tissues from days 16 to 50 of gestation. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Dold S, Baumgartner J, Zeder C, Krzystek A, Osei J, Haldimann M, Zimmermann MB, Andersson M. Optimization of a New Mass Spectrometry Method for Measurement of Breast Milk Iodine Concentrations and an Assessment of the Effect of Analytic Method and Timing of Within-Feed Sample Collection on Breast Milk Iodine Concentrations. Thyroid 2016; 26:287-95. [PMID: 26563466 PMCID: PMC4985231 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) may be an indicator of iodine status during lactation, but there are few data comparing different analytical methods or timing of sampling. The aims of this study were: (i) to optimize a new inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of analytical method and timing of within-feed sample collection on BMIC. METHODS The colorimetric Sandell-Kolthoff method was evaluated with (a) or without (b) alkaline ashing, and ICP-MS was evaluated using a new (129)I isotope ratio approach including Tellurium (Te) for mass bias correction (c) or external standard curve (d). From iodine-sufficient lactating women (n = 97), three samples were collected within one breast-feeding session (fore-, mid-, and hind-feed samples) and BMIC was analyzed using (c) and (d). RESULTS Iodine recovery from NIST SRM1549a whole milk powder for methods (a)-(d) was 67%, 24%, 105%, and 102%, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for ICP-MS comparing (c) and (d) were 1.3% versus 5.6% (p = 0.04) and 1.1% versus 2.4% (p = 0.33). The limit of detection (LOD) was lower for (c) (0.26 μg/kg) than it was for (d) (2.54 μg/kg; p = 0.02). Using (c), the median [95% confidence interval (CI) obtained by bootstrap] BMIC (μg/kg) in foremilk (179 [CI 161-206]) and in mid-feed milk (184 [CI 160-220]) were not significantly different (p = 0.017), but were higher than in hindmilk (175 [CI 153-216]; p < 0.001). In foremilk using (d), BMIC was 199 ([CI 182-257]; p < 0.001 vs. (c)). The variation in BMIC comparing (c) and (d) (13%) was greater than variation within feeding (5%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Because of poor recoveries, (a) and (b) should not be used to measure BMIC. Compared with (d), (c) has the advantages of higher precision and a lower LOD. In iodine-sufficient women, BMIC shows low variation within a breast-feeding session, so timing of sampling is not a major determinant of BMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Dold
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa
| | - Christophe Zeder
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Krzystek
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa
| | - Max Haldimann
- Division of Risk Assessment, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael B. Zimmermann
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Iodine Global Network, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Andersson
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Iodine Global Network, Zurich, Switzerland
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van der Hoeven M, Osei J, Greeff M, Kruger A, Faber M, Smuts CM. Indigenous and traditional plants: South African parents' knowledge, perceptions and uses and their children's sensory acceptance. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2013; 9:78. [PMID: 24274394 PMCID: PMC4176139 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary shift from indigenous and traditional plants (ITPs) to cash crops and exotic plant food sources increases the risk of malnutrition and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, especially in poor rural communities. Farm communities in South Africa have been associated with poor nutritional status and extreme poverty. ITPs have been found to be affordable sources of several micronutrients. However, knowledge of and the use of these plants are declining, and little is known about the child's acceptance of dishes prepared with ITPs. This knowledge can be used to improve the general acceptance of ITPs. This study aimed to gain insight into parents' knowledge and perceptions and their use of ITPs in a farming community in the North West Province and to assess children's acceptance of and preference for dishes made with African leafy vegetables (ALVs) and Swiss chard. METHODS Parents (n = 29) responsible for food preparation for children in grade 2 to 4 in two schools were purposively selected for four focus group discussions. A sensory evaluation assessed the children's (n = 98) acceptance of, preference for and intended consumption of dishes made with leafy vegetables. The dishes were made of Amaranthus spp., Cleome gynandra, Cucurbita maxima, Vigna unguiculata and Beta vulgaris. RESULTS Parents mentioned 30 edible ITPs during the focus group discussions. Parents had knowledge of available ITPs and their use as food. Location, seasonal variation and rainfall affected the availability of and access to ITPs. Sun-dried ITPs were stored in sacks for later use. ITPs were perceived as healthy, affordable and delicious, hence acceptable to the parents. The children also evaluated the dishes made with ALVs as acceptable in terms of colour, smell and taste. Swiss chard was preferred, most likely because of the children's exposure to this vegetable. Children indicated that they would like to eat these leafy vegetables twice a week. CONCLUSION These results look promising for the promotion of ITPs as a strategy to reduce malnutrition in rural farm communities and for potential inclusion of these micronutrient-rich ALVs in school feeding programmes to improve the nutritional status of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinka van der Hoeven
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Osei
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Minrie Greeff
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Annamarie Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mieke Faber
- Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN); Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag ×6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Williams ARW, Critchley HOD, Osei J, Ingamells S, Cameron IT, Han C, Chwalisz K. The effects of the selective progesterone receptor modulator asoprisnil on the morphology of uterine tissues after 3 months treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1696-704. [PMID: 17339234 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dem026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asoprisnil is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with mixed progesterone agonist/antagonist activity which controls uterine bleeding via an endometrial effect. This study examined full-thickness endometrial, leiomyoma and myometrial morphology in hysterectomy specimens from patients with uterine leiomyomata, after treatment with asoprisnil for 3 months. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 33 subjects with uterine leiomyomata were randomized to receive asoprisnil 10, 25 mg or placebo for an average of 95 days prior to hysterectomy. Samples of endometrium, myometrium and leiomyoma tissue were subjected to systematic morphological assessment with quantification of mitotic activity. RESULTS In patients treated with 10 or 25 mg asoprisnil, a unique pattern called 'non-physiologic secretory effect' was evident in endometrium, recognizable through partially developed secretory glandular appearances and stromal changes. Endometrial thickness was decreased, and there were low levels of mitotic activity in endometrial glands and stroma. Unusual thick-walled muscular arterioles and prominent aggregations of thin-walled vessels were present in endometrial stroma, but not in myometrium or non-endometrial vascular beds. Mitotic activity was decreased in leiomyomata. CONCLUSIONS Asoprisnil induces unique morphological changes and is associated with low levels of glandular and stromal proliferation in endometrium, and in leiomyomata. These changes are likely to contribute to the amenorrhoea experienced after exposure to the medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R W Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Crouzillat D, Lerceteau E, Petiard V, Morera J, Rodriguez H, Walker D, Phillips W, Ronning C, Schnell R, Osei J, Fritz P. Theobroma cacao L.: a genetic linkage map and quantitative trait loci analysis. Theor Appl Genet 1996; 93:205-214. [PMID: 24162219 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/1995] [Accepted: 02/02/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A genetic linkage map of Theobroma cacao (cocoa) has been constructed from 131 backcross trees derived from a cross between a single tree of the variety Catongo and an F1 tree from the cross of Catongo by Pound 12. The map comprises 138 markers: 104 RAPD loci, 32 RFLP loci and two morphologic loci. Ten linkage groups were found which cover 1068 centimorgans (cM). Only six (4%) molecular-marker loci show a significant deviation from the expected 1∶1 segregation ratio.The average distance between two adjacent markers is 8.3 cM. The final genome-size estimates based on two-point linkage data ranged from 1078 to 1112 cM for the cocoa genome. This backcross progeny segregates for two apparently single gene loci controlling (1) anthocyanidin synthesis (Anth) in seeds, leaves and flowers and (2) self-compatibility (Autoc). The Anth locus was found to be 25 cM from Autoc and two molecular markers co-segregate with Anth. The genetic linkage map was used to localize QTLs for early flowering, trunk diameter, jorquette height and ovule number in the BC1 generation using both single-point ANOVA and interval mapping. A minimum number of 2-4 QTLs (P<0.01) involved in the genetic expression of the traits studied was detected. Coincident map locations of a QTL for jorquette height and trunk diameter suggests the possibility of pleiotropic effects in cocoa for these traits. The combined estimated effects of the different mapped QTLs explained between 11.2% and 25.8% of the phenotypic variance observed in the BC1 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crouzillat
- Centre de Recherche Nestlé Tours, 101 Avenue Gustave Eiffel, Notre Dame-d'Oé, B.P. 9716, 2, Tours Cedex
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