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Chen JX, Song BB, Gao SQ, Pan MM, Huang HN, Wang DB, Peng HY, Wang YZ. Correction to "Dynamics of the Deformable Fluid Interface Interacting with an Approaching Solid under the Electrostatic Field". Langmuir 2024; 40:9831-9832. [PMID: 38652892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
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Joo HH, Huang EY, Schoo D, Ward B, Chen JX. Association Between Hearing Difficulty and Mobility in Adults of All Ages: National Health Interview Survey. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1059-1065. [PMID: 38037415 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hearing difficulty and measures of mobility for US adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 2021 National Health Interview Survey. METHODS The survey asked US adults about hearing difficulty and mobility measures, including difficulty walking 100 yards, difficulty climbing 12 steps, and injury from falling within the past 3 months. Multivariable logistic regressions examined the associations between hearing and mobility outcomes, controlling for visual difficulty, medical comorbidities, and various demographic characteristics (age [18-39, 40-64, 65+], race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status). RESULTS The 2021 NHIS surveyed 29,467 adults, representing 253 million people in weighted responses (52% female; mean age 48.3, standard deviation = 18.6). Controlling for covariates, hearing difficulty was associated with increased odds of difficulty walking 100 yards (odds ratio, OR = 1.47, P < .001), difficulty climbing stairs (OR = 1.62, P < .001), and injury from falling in the past 3 months (OR = 1.51, P < .001). There was a significant interaction between age and hearing difficulty for injurious falls; stratifying by age revealed that younger adults (ages 18-39) with hearing difficulty were more likely to report recent harmful falls than their normal hearing peers; this increased risk was greater in magnitude than that observed comparing older adults with and without hearing difficulty. CONCLUSION The hearing difficulty is associated with worsened mobility for US adults and may be a stronger independent predictor of injury from falls for younger adults as compared to older adults. These findings can inform interventions to reduce the burden of declining mobility in adults with hearing difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Joo
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Huang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Desi Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Ward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chen JX, Song BB, Gao SQ, Pan MM, Huang HN, Wang DB, Peng HY, Wang YZ. Dynamics of the Deformable Fluid Interface Interacting with an Approaching Solid under the Electrostatic Field. Langmuir 2024; 40:6402-6412. [PMID: 38489303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A theoretical model was developed to describe the dynamics of a deformable fluid interface interacting with an approaching solid without contact by both the attractive electrostatic and van der Waals (i.e., vdW) interaction, analogous to the situation in the experiments by electric force microscopy (i.e., EFM) or electric-surface force apparatus (i.e., E-SFA) involved in the soft fluid interface. On the basis of this model, a numerical study of the deformation of the fluid interface, the force-vs-separation behavior, and the critical limiting conditions of contact has systematically been carried out. Our results show that the surface pressure induced by the electrostatic interaction plays a more prominent role in the deformation of the fluid interface than the vdW interaction does, and there exists a principal length scale associated with the relative strength of the electrostatic field to the surface tension, affecting the fluid interface shape under the electrostatic field. It was also shown that both the force-distance curves and the corresponding curves of fluid interface deformation peak versus distance for various electrostatic fields satisfy the universal scaling power law. Moreover, an analytical solution to the Euler-Lagrange differential equation governing the deformation of the fluid interface under the external electric field is obtained, and two extended formulas for explicitly describing the principal length scales that respectively characterize the lateral and longitudinal deformations of the fluid interface were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
- The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - B B Song
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
| | - S Q Gao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
| | - M M Pan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
- The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - H N Huang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - D B Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
- The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - H Y Peng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
- The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Y Z Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Hainan 571158, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Application Technology, Hainan 571158, China
- The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
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Deng F, Chen JX. Beyond the AJR: Medical Faculty Well-Being and Intention to Leave. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024. [PMID: 38230902 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.24.30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Deng
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Chen JX, George BC, Gray ST, Krumm AE. Predicting Resident Competence for Otolaryngology Key Indicator Procedures. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3341-3345. [PMID: 36988275 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Competency-based surgical education requires practical assessments and meaningful benchmarks. In otolaryngology, key indicator procedure (KIP) minima are indicators of surgical exposure during training, yet it remains unknown how many times trainees must be evaluated on KIPs to ensure operative competence. Herein, we used Bayesian mixed effects models to compute predicted performance expectations for KIPs. METHODS From November 2017 to September 2021, a smartphone application (SIMPL OR) was used by attendings at five otolaryngology training programs to rate resident operative performance after each case on a five-level scale. Bayesian mixed effects models were used to estimate the probability that postgraduate year (PGY) 3, 4, or 5 trainees would earn a "practice-ready" (PR) rating on a subsequent evaluation based on their previously earned PR ratings for each KIP. Probabilities of earning a subsequent PR rating were examined for interpretability, and cross-validation was used to assess predictive validity. RESULTS A total of 842 assessments of KIPs were submitted by 72 attendings for 92 residents PGY 2-5. The predictive model had an average Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve of 0.77. The number of prior PR ratings that senior residents needed to attain a 95% probability of earning a PR rating on a subsequent evaluation was estimated for each KIP. For example, for mastoidectomies, PGY4 residents needed to earn 10 PR ratings whereas PGY5 residents needed 4 PR ratings on average to have a 95% probability of attaining a PR rating on a subsequent evaluation. CONCLUSION Predictive modeling can inform assessment benchmarks for competency-based surgical education. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3341-3345, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian C George
- Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew E Krumm
- Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Schoo WW, Schoo DP, Chen JX, Carey JP. Underwater Plugging of Superior Canal Dehiscence via the Middle Cranial Fossa is Possible. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1702-1703. [PMID: 37493522 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley W Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Desi P Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John P Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Huang EY, Joo H, Schoo D, Agrawal Y, Chen JX. The Impact of Hearing Loss on Health Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1382-1385. [PMID: 37146226 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with hearing loss are at increased risk of having poor access to health care compared with hearing peers. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care access for adults with hearing loss in the United States was investigated through weighted analyses of the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. The association of hearing loss and disruptions to health care use during the pandemic was examined using multivariable logistic regression controlling for demographic characteristics including sex, race/ethnicity, education, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and medical comorbidities. Adults with hearing loss had significantly higher odds of reporting receiving no medical care (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-1.82, p < .001) or delayed medical care (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.43-1.71, p < .001) due to the pandemic. Individuals with hearing loss did not have higher odds of COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination. Strategies should be developed to support adults with hearing loss to improve their access to care during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyonoo Joo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Desi Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chen JX, Thorne MC, Galaiya D, Campisi P, Gray ST. Competency-based medical education in the United States: What the otolaryngologist needs to know. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:827-831. [PMID: 37621294 PMCID: PMC10446250 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Competency-based medical education (CBME) is an outcomes-focused approach to educating medical professionals that will be central to future efforts to improve resident training in otolaryngology. The transition to CBME for otolaryngology in the United States will require the development of specialty-specific assessments and benchmarks, the financial and administrative support for implementation, the professional development of faculty and learners, and the cooperation of all major stakeholders in graduate medical education. In this article, we describe the need for evidence-based innovation in surgical training, the history of CBME in the United States, and the progress towards defining "entrustable professional activities" as the building blocks of assessments for CBME. We explore what such a paradigm shift in surgical education could mean for academic otolaryngologists by examining innovative educational practices in other surgical specialties and discussing foreseeable challenges in implementation for the American healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Marc C. Thorne
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Deepa Galaiya
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Paolo Campisi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Abstract
This Viewpoint summarizes the research behind psychological mindsets and their possible applications to surgical training and introduces some practical recommendations to harness growth mindsets for optimizing the learning of otolaryngology residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mitchell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Chen JX, Gray ST. A paired curriculum for surgical faculty and residents on adult education. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:636-638. [PMID: 37342111 PMCID: PMC10278104 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A paired surgical educator curriculum on adult learning was designed for residents and faculty at a large otolaryngology residency program. In its first year of implementation, 12 core faculty and 20 residents attending the workshops, with positive feedback from all participants and measurable improvements in their understanding of basic terms in adult cognitive learning theory. The curriculum enabled faculty and residents to practice applying educational theories to their every day clinical teaching activities and is adaptable for use in other surgical training programs. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryMass. Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Xu WR, Wang GS, Li Q, Zheng JX, Guo ZY, Chen JX, Chen MX, Tian LG. [Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2023; 34:598-603. [PMID: 36642899 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. METHODS Children with diarrhea under 5 years of age admitted to Guangzhou Children's hospital, Guangzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Participants' demographics, living environments and health status were collected using questionnaire surveys. Stool samples were collected from participants and nucleic acid was extracted. B. hominis infection was identified using PCR assay and sequence alignment, and the factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 684 children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were enrolled, including 468 male children and 216 female children, with a mean age of (1.79 ± 1.12) years. The overall prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.97% [34/684, 95% confidential interval (CI): (3.59%, 6.86%)] among participants, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of B. hominis infection between children with chronic [7.52% (20/266), 95% CI: (4.92%, 11.33%)] and acute diarrhea [3.35% (14/418), 95% CI: (2.01%, 5.54%)] (χ2 = 5.983, P = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified keeping pet [odds ratio (OR) = 6.298, 95% CI: (2.711, 14.633)], drinking non-tap water [OR = 4.522, 95% CI: (1.769, 11.561)], lactose intolerance [OR = 4.221, 95% CI: (1.043, 17.087)], antibiotic use [OR = 0.125, 95% CI: (0.017, 0.944)] and chronic diarrhea [OR = 2.172, 95% CI: (1.018, 4.637)] as factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in Guangzhou City. CONCLUSIONS B. hominis infections is detected in children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Improving home environments and pet-keeping hygiene is recommended to reduce the likelihood of B. hominis infection among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Xu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of China Railway Qinghai-Aibet Group Co., Ltd., Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.,Co-first authors
| | - G S Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of China Railway Qinghai-Aibet Group Co., Ltd., Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.,Co-first authors
| | - Q Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Zheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Y Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Aropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, National Center for International Research on Aropical Diseases and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Cai YC, Song P, Chen MX, Sun JH, Zhou Y, Lin L, Chen JX. [Immunoprotective effect of recombinant peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from Babesia microti against B. microti infection in mice]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2023; 34:604-610. [PMID: 36642900 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of active immunization with recombinant peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from Babesia microti against B. microti infection in mice. METHODS Female BALB/c mice at 6 weeks of age, each weighing approximately 20 g, were divided into the recombinant protein immunization group, the infection control group and the normal control group, of 25, 18, 15 mice in each group, respectively. Mice in the recombinant protein immunization group were given active immunization with recombinant BmPPIase protein, and 18 mice with the highest antibody titers were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μL of B. microti-infected whole blood 2 weeks after the last immunization. Mice in the infection control group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μL of B. microti-infected whole blood, while 15 mice in the normal control group received no treatment. Blood samples were collected from mice in the recombinant protein immunization group and the infection control group on days 0 to 30 post-immunization for detection of B. microti infection, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-immunization for routine blood tests with a blood cell analyzer and for detection of serum cytokines using cytometric bead array. RESULTS Anti-BmPPIase antibodies were detected in 25 mice in the recombinant protein immunization group 2 weeks after the last immunization, with titers of 5 × 103 to 8 × 104. B. microti infection rate peaked in mice in both the recombinant protein immunization and the infection control group on day 7 post-immunization, with positive infection rates of 13.3% and 50.0%, and there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of B. microti infection rate on days 3 (χ2= 113.18, P < 0.01), 5 (χ2 = 475.22, P < 0.01), 7 (χ2 = 465.98, P < 0.01) and 9 post-infection (χ2= 18.71, P < 0.01), while the B. microti infection rate tended to be 0 in both groups on day 11 post-immunization. Routine blood tests showed higher red blood cell counts [(5.30 ± 0.50) × 1012 to (9.87 ± 0.24) × 1012 counts/L)] and hemoglobin levels [(89.67 ± 22.80) to (148.60 ± 3.05) g/L)] in the recombinant protein immunization group than in the infection control group on days 0 to 28 post-immunization. Cytometric bead array detected higher serum interferon-γ [(748.59 ± 17.56) to (3 858.28 ± 1 049.10) fg/mL], tumor necrosis factor-α [(6 687.34 ± 1 016.64) to (12 708.13 ± 1 629.79) fg/mL], interleukin (IL)-6 [(611.05 ± 75.60) to (6 852.68 ± 1 554.00) fg/mL] and IL-17a [(167.68 ± 185.00) to (10 849.27 ± 355.40) fg/mL] and lower IL-10 levels [(247.65 ± 138.00) to (18 787.20 ± 2 830.22) fg/mL] in the recombinant protein immunization group than in the infection control group during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant BmPPIase protein induces up-regulation of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and presents a high immunoprotective activity against B. microti infection in mice, which is a potential vaccine candidate protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J H Sun
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Lin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
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Chen JX, Yu SE, Ding AS, Lee DJ, Welling DB, Carey JP, Gray ST, Creighton FX. Augmented Reality in Otology/Neurotology: A Scoping Review with Implications for Practice and Education. Laryngoscope 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.30515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - Andy S. Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Daniel J. Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - D. Brad Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - John P. Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Francis X. Creighton
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
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14
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McHugh CI, Swedenborg BK, Chen JX, Jung DH, Mankarious LA, Quesnel AM, Cohen MS, Arenberg JG, Franck KH, Santos F. Voluntary Field Recall of Advanced Bionics HiRes Cochlear Implants: A Single-Institution Experience. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e1094-e1099. [PMID: 36201555 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2020, Advanced Bionics (AB) announced a recall of two cochlear implant (CI) models, the "HiRes Ultra" and "HiRes Ultra 3D", because of reports of hearing degradation. The present study examines clinical parameters and patient features in cases of device failure and evaluates outcomes after reimplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of 52 patients implanted with the recalled devices experienced suspected device failure and subsequently underwent revision CI placement at a tertiary academic medical center between December 2019 and November 2021. RESULTS Consonant-nucleus-consonant scores and individual phonemes increased significantly between patients' preoperative evaluation and primary cochlear implantation. Performance declined significantly before revision and recovered after revision CI placement. Similarly, pure-tone average thresholds improved between preoperative and primary CI, fell before revision surgery, and were corrected with revision implantation. As a group, patients reached their peak hearing performance significantly faster after revision CI (mean ± standard deviation, 53.4 ± 51.8 d) compared with their primary CI (mean ± standard deviation, 260.6 ± 245.9 d). Electrical field imaging performed by AB and device impedance measurements were found to be abnormal in the basally positioned electrodes (electrodes 9-16). CONCLUSION Hearing performance degradation is significant in AB Ultra device failures and seems to be linked to the basal-most electrodes in the array. Revision outcomes have been robust, necessitating continued monitoring of affected patients and support for reimplantation procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear
| | - David H Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear
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15
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Zhang RJ, Pang HS, Li JZ, Luo ZH, Ai L, Song P, Cai YC, Lu Y, Mo XJ, Chen MX, Chen JX. [Mechanism of hepatic fibrosis associated with Echinococcus: a review]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 34:646-653. [PMID: 36642908 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus infections, and this disorder may cause fibrosis of multiple vital organs, which may further progress into cirrhosis. Early-stage hepatic fibrosis is reversible, and unraveling the mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis induced by Echinococcus infections is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of early-stage hepatic fibrosis. Recently, the studies pertaining to hepatic fibrosis associated with Echinococcus infections focus on cytokines and immune cells. This review summarizes the advances in the mechanisms underlying host immune cells- and cytokines-mediated hepatic fibrosis in humans or mice following Echinococcus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830002, China.,Co-first authors
| | - H S Pang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China.,Co-first authors
| | - J Z Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Z H Luo
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830002, China.,Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X J Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830002, China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518073, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.,Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
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16
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Wells D, Knoll RM, Kozin E, Chen JX, Reinshagen KL, Staecker H, Curtin HD, McKenna MJ, Nadol JB, Quesnel AM. Otopathologic and Computed Tomography Correlation of Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula in Otosclerosis. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e957-e962. [PMID: 36075107 PMCID: PMC9771591 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internal auditory canal (IAC) diverticula, also known as IAC cavitary lesions or anterior cupping of the IAC, observed in otopathologic specimens and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bone are thought to be related to otosclerosis. Herein, we examined the usefulness of CT scans in identifying diverticula and determined whether IAC diverticula are associated with otosclerosis on otopathology. METHODS One hundred five consecutive specimens were identified from the National Temporal Bone Hearing and Balance Pathology Resource Registry. Inclusion criteria included the availability of histologic slides and postmortem specimen CT scans. Exclusion criteria included cases with severe postmortem changes or lesions causing bony destruction of the IAC. RESULTS Ninety-seven specimens met criteria for study. Of these, 42% of the specimens were from male patients, and the average age of death was 77 years (SD = 18 yr). IAC diverticula were found in 48 specimens, of which 46% were identified in the CT scans. The mean area of the IAC diverticula was 0.34 mm 2 . The sensitivity and specificity of detecting IAC diverticula based on CT were 77% and 63%, respectively. Overall, 27% of specimens had otosclerosis. Histologic IAC diverticula were more common in specimens with otosclerosis than those without (37.5% versus 16%; p = 0.019). Cases with otosclerosis had a greater mean histologic diverticula area compared with nonotosclerosis cases (0.69 mm 2 versus 0.14 mm 2 ; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION IAC diverticula are commonly found in otopathologic specimens with varied etiologies, but larger diverticula are more likely to be associated with otosclerosis. The sensitivity and specificity of CT scans to detect IAC diverticula are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Wells
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Renata M. Knoll
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Elliott Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | | | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
| | - Hugh D. Curtin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | | | - Joseph B. Nadol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Alicia M. Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
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17
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Lu JH, Huang XW, Zhang GQ, Ma Y, Chen JX. [CircRNA circTNPO1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma by sponging miR-338-3p]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:968-974. [PMID: 36164699 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200529-00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of circTNPO1 on the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) by sponging miR-338-3p. Methods: The expression of circTNPO1 on osteoblasts and multiple OS cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. CircTNPO1 stable knockdown 143B cell line was constructed by sh-circTNPO1. Cell count kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and wound healing assay were applied to evaluate the proliferation and metastasis of this cell. Luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the binding between circTNPO1 and miR-338-3p. In xenograft tumor model, miR-338-3p inhibitor or its control was injected into the circTNPO1 knockdown tumors. The weight and size of the tumors were evaluated and Ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The RNA expression of circTNPO1 in OS cell lines U2OS, HOS, MG63, 143B, ZOS and ZOSM were 2.73±0.27, 3.18±0.54, 4.33±0.52, 5.75±0.65, 4.50±0.49 and 3.96±0.35, respectively, higher than 1.00±0.09 in hFOB1.19 (P<0.001). CCK-8 assay revealed that after 48 h and 72 h, the absorbance of sh-circTNPO1 #1 was 0.81±0.05 and 1.09±0.06, while sh-circTNPO1 #2 143B cells was 0.84±0.04 and 1.2±0.04, which were sharply reduced compared with the control (1.00±0.06 and 1.49±0.06, P<0.001); after 48 h and 72 h, the absorbance of 143B cells transfected with circTNPO1 #1 and miR-338-3p (0.92±0.06 and 1.32±0.07) were higher than those of cells transfected with sh-circTNPO1 cells and miR NC (0.92±0.06 and 1.32±0.07, P<0.050). Wound healing assay demonstrated that the 24 hour-migration rates of sh-circTNPO1 #1 and sh-circTNPO1 #2 cells were (24.43±2.15)% and (39.70±4.20)% respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control [(56.51±3.27)%, P<0.010]; the migration rates of sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR NC and sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR-338-3p inhibitor were (26.70±2.21)% and (46.10±5.71)%, with a significant difference (P<0.005). In xenograft tumor model, the weight and size of tumors in control, sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR NC and sh-circTNPO1 #1+ miR-338-3p inhibitor mice were (458.80±158.10) mg, (262.50±82.09) mg, (395.40±137.60) mg and (593.00±228.40) mm(2,) (203.30±144.20) mm(2,) (488.60±208.60) mm(2,) respectively. Compared with control, sh-circTNPO1 tumors were significantly smaller (P<0.01). Injection with miR-338-3p inhibitor significantly reversed both the weight and size of tumors (P<0.05). Conclusion: CircTNPO1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of OS by sponging miR-338-3p, which could be a new target for OS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - X W Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - G Q Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
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18
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Abstract
The field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery is rapidly changing, and surgical education must keep pace. In the face of recent advances in medical knowledge, surgical technique, and novel technology, educators may find it increasingly difficult to identify the evolving educational needs of otolaryngology residents. To better align training activities with modern practice patterns, we propose conducting a longitudinal needs assessment by designing a standardized specialty-specific survey for practicing otolaryngologists. This recurring survey could be implemented alongside accreditation or other continuing medical education activities. The outcomes would report what contemporary otolaryngologists see and do in everyday practice to guide educational reforms to better prepare trainees for future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Zhang RJ, Li JZ, Pang HS, Luo ZH, Zhang T, Mo XJ, Yang SJ, Cai YC, Lu Y, Chu YH, Song P, Chen MX, Ai L, Chen JX. Advances in the study of molecular identification technology of Echinococcus species. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:434-443. [PMID: 36214441 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.3.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The larvae of Echinococcus (hydatidcyst) can parasitize humans and animals, causing a serious zoonotic disease-echinococcosis. The life history of Echinococcus is complicated, and as the disease progresses slowly after infection, early diagnosis is difficult to establish. Due to the limitations of imaging and immunological diagnosis in this respect, domestic and foreign scholars have established a variety of molecular detection techniques for the pathogen Echinococcus over recent years, mainly including nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and nucleic acid isothermal amplification technology. In this article, the research progress of molecular detection technology for Echinococcus infection currently was reviewed and the significance of these methods in the detection and diagnosis of hydatid and hydatid diseases was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Z Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - H S Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - Z H Luo
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - T Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - X J Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - S J Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Hainan), Haikou, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Hainan), Haikou, China
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20
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Dabekaussen KFAA, Andriotti T, Ye J, Prince AA, Nguyen LL, Feng AY, Chen JX, Shin JJ. Association of Outpatient Oral Macrolide Use With Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 148:820-827. [PMID: 35862062 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Importance Prior publications have reported the sporadic development of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after intravenous or high-dose macrolide therapy for adults with comorbid conditions, but investigations of the auditory effect of oral outpatient dosing for children, adolescents, and young adults have been limited. Objective To determine whether broad-based outpatient use of oral macrolide therapy is associated with increased risk of pediatric SNHL through nationally representative analyses. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective case-control study of 875 matched pairs of children, adolescents, and young adults was performed, matching on age, sex, and the time elapsed since prescription date. All eligible pediatric patients were included, with matched control participants from the TRICARE US military health insurance system who were evaluated between October 1, 2009, and September 30, 2014. Exposures Oral outpatient macrolide treatment compared with penicillin use among pediatric patients. Main Outcomes and Measures The clinical outcome of interest was SNHL in children, adolescents, and young adults. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to compare the risk of prior macrolide exposure with penicillin exposure, adjusted for other risk factors and potential confounders. Four time frames between exposure and diagnosis were additionally assessed. Results There were 875 eligible matched pairs of children, adolescents, and young adults included. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 5.7 (4.9) years; 1082 participants were male (62%), 58 were Asian (3%), 254 were Black (15%), 1152 were White (66%), and 286 were of Native American and other (no further breakdown was available in the TRICARE database) race and ethnicity (16%). In multivariable analysis, participants who had SNHL had increased odds of having received a macrolide prescription compared with a penicillin prescription when all time frames from exposure were included (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05-1.64). There were significantly higher odds of macrolide exposure than penicillin exposure when diagnosis and testing occurred more than 180 days after antibiotic exposure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.23-2.60). Conclusions and Relevance In this case-control study of a nationally representative patient population, findings suggest that children, adolescents, and young adults with SNHL had increased odds of outpatient oral macrolide use compared with penicillin use, particularly when having received a diagnosis more than 180 days after exposure. Further study of the association of macrolides with SNHL in children, adolescents, and young adults is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten F A A Dabekaussen
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomas Andriotti
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie Ye
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony A Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Louis L Nguyen
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Y Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer J Shin
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Chen JX, Gray ST, Jung DH. Training Surgeon Scholars: Grant Writing Workshops During Residency. OTO Open 2022; 6:2473974X221104663. [PMID: 35769917 PMCID: PMC9234849 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x221104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical residents may have limited experience with grant writing even though it is an
important skill for academic physicians. We describe a novel curriculum on the conduct of
research and grant literacy delivered at a single otolaryngology training program over 5
years. This workshop series included preparing a draft grant and conducting a mock grant
review committee. In a survey of past participants (71% response rate), 91% found the
workshops useful for grant writing or reviewing, and many used or planned to use the draft
grants for real grant applications. The average number of American Academy of
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation CORE grants submitted and successfully
funded increased among residents at this program in the 4 years after the introduction of
the workshop series as compared with the 4 years before. Further improvements continue to
be made to the curriculum based on resident feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H. Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Chen JX, Lin R, Fan X, Zong MH, Feng L, Wang Y. [Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery on surgical stress response in patients with gastric cancer complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:847-852. [PMID: 35330577 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211130-02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery on the stress response of gastric cancer patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 49 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the Department of gastroenterology of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from Jan to Dec 2020. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to different perioperative management measures. The perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6(IL-6), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood glucose fluctuation and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 49 patients were enrolled in the study (23 in the experimental group and 26 in the control group). The degree of stress reaction of the experimental group was lighter than that of the control group. The levels of CRP were significantly different on the 5th and 7th day after operation, IL-6 was significantly different on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after operation, WBC and HOMA-IR were significantly different on the 1st day postoperatively. And the changes of HOMA-IR and blood glucose in experimental group were more gentle than those in control group. All the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In the experimental group, the time of first anal exhaust, indwelling time of drainage tube or nasointestinal tube and the total hospitalization time were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: ERAS can reduce the degree of inflammatory stress and the postoperative IR level promote the early recovery of patients with gastric cancer complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Chen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - R Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - M H Zong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - L Feng
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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Fu ZH, Wang YD, Chen JX, Deng DF, Zhang XL, Zhang XF, Zhang X. [The expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA GIHCG in cholangiocarcinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:569-575. [PMID: 35196779 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210729-01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To screen long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients, detect its expression in cholangiocarcinoma tissue, and analyze its clinical significance by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: Using limma package, survival package, and survival receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) package of R software to analyze the data of cholangiocarcinoma in TCGA and screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs related to patient survival. Real-time PCR and Fish were used to detect the expression of lncRNA and analyze its correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the expression of lncRNA GIHCG, and its effect on the migration ability of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines was detected by Transwell. Results: The results of the comprehensive analysis of survival, ROC, and correlation analysis with clinical data showed that lncRNA GIHCG has a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. The expression of lncRNA GIHCG in cholangiocarcinoma tissue is significantly increased, closely related to tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Transwell results showed that lncRNA GIHCG could promote the migration of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Conclusion: The expression of lncRNA GIHCG is significantly increased in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and is closely related to patient survival and lymph node metastasis. It is expected to become a new molecular marker for diagnosing or treating cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - D F Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X L Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X F Zhang
- Emergency Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital/Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Wu MJ, Knoll RM, Chen JX, Reinshagen K, Roychowdhury P, McKenna MJ, Kozin ED, Remenschneider AK, Jung DH. A Subset of Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Demonstrates Minimal Growth Over a 10-Year Period. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:376-384. [PMID: 35020686 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vestibular schwannomas (VS) commonly undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance, but long-term data to support the ideal frequency is limited. Herein, we aim to investigate intracanalicular VS growth predictors and long-term growth rates (GR). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Two tertiary care centers. PATIENTS Sporadic intracanalicular VS with initial conservative management and at least two sequential MRIs. INTERVENTION Serial MRI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VS were categorized by baseline internal auditory canal tertile sublocalization (fundus, midpoint, porus) and size (≤100, 100-200, >200 mm3). Throughout follow-up, volumetric GR (mm3/yr) were determined (baseline-3 yrs, 3-5 yrs, 5-10 yrs) and treatment rates were assessed. RESULTS Ninety-nine intracanalicular VS were identified (mean follow-up of 6.1 ± 4.5 yrs). Mean GR before 5-year follow-up were comparable for baseline tertile involvement and size. After 5-year follow-up, mean GR of VS involving the fundus at baseline were lower than those involving the midpoint and fundus (6.17 ± 21.16 and 119.74 ± 117.57 mm3/yr, respectively; p = 0.034). Mean GR of VS with less than or equal to 100 mm3 at baseline (-7.29 ± 25.44 mm3/yr) were lower than those with 100 to 200 mm3 (86.55 ± 103.99 mm3/yr; p = 0.011) and more than 200 mm3 (45.70 ± 35.71 mm3/yr; p = 0.031). Vestibular schwannomas involving the midpoint and fundus had greater treatment rates compared with VS involving only the fundus (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Baseline tertile involvement and size may predict long-term intracanalicular VS growth where fundal tumors or those less than or equal to 100 mm3 exhibit little long-term growth. Extending surveillance after 5-year follow-up may be reasonable for fundal VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Renata M Knoll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Prithwijit Roychowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elliott D Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron K Remenschneider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - David H Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chen JX, Miller LE, Filimonov A, Shuman EA, Marchiano E, George BC, Thorne M, Pletcher SD, Platt M, Teng M, Kozin ED, Gray ST. Factors affecting operative autonomy and performance during otolaryngology training: A multicenter trial. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:404-408. [PMID: 35434323 PMCID: PMC9008171 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Surgical education is changing in an era of new regulations and evolving training cultures. We sought to understand the factors that affect operative experiences during otolaryngology residency. Methods From December 2019 to December 2020, five otolaryngology training programs used the SIMPL OR smartphone application to evaluate residents after each operation. Residents and attendings rated the trainee's autonomy on a 4‐level Zwisch scale, performance on a 5‐level scale, and case complexity on a 3‐level scale. We examined associations between ratings of autonomy and performance with variables including postgraduate year (PGY), case complexity, gender, week of the academic year (AY), and whether multiple procedures were logged. Results 78 attendings and 92 residents logged 2984 evaluations. PGY level and week of the AY were positively associated with attending ratings of autonomy and performance (PGY3 vs. PGY2: B = 0.63, p < .001 for autonomy and B = 1.05, p < .001 for performance; week of the AY: B = 0.013, p = .002 for autonomy; B = 0.025, p < .001 for performance). Multiple procedures logged and increasing case complexity were negatively associated with attending ratings (multiple procedures: B = −0.19, p = .04 for autonomy and B = −0.48, p < .001 for performance; hardest vs. easiest 1/3 of cases: B = −1.01, p < .001 for autonomy and B = −0.59, p < .001 for performance). Attending and trainee genders were not associated with attending ratings of autonomy or performance. Conclusion Resident autonomy and performance were positively associated with PGY level and week of the academic year, and negatively associated with case complexity and multiple procedures. These findings highlight the need to align training level with case complexity to promote quality operative experiences. Level of Evidence 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Lauren E. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Andrey Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital New York City New York USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Emily Marchiano
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Brian C. George
- Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Marc Thorne
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Steven D. Pletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Boston University Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Marita Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital New York City New York USA
| | - Elliott D. Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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Chen JX, Riccardi AC, Shafique N, Gray ST. Are otolaryngology residents ready for independent practice? A survey study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:1296-1299. [PMID: 34938865 PMCID: PMC8665426 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We surveyed otolaryngology program directors (PDs) and recent otolaryngology residency graduates on the operative autonomy of graduating residents and their comfort with independent practice. METHODS An anonymous survey was sent to otolaryngology PDs and recent graduates of training programs (members of the Young Physicians Section [YPS] of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation). Questions were developed around the 14 key indicator procedures (KIPs) defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. RESULTS Fifty PDs (43% of PDs) and 152 recent graduates (6% of YPS members) responded. Over 90% of participating PDs felt their graduating residents were either somewhat or extremely comfortable performing 12 out of 14 KIPs. Among the 12 procedures PDs felt their graduating residents were comfortable performing, 57% to 95% of recent graduates also felt either somewhat or extremely comfortable performing them by graduation. Similarly, at least 90% of responding PDs felt their residents achieved meaningful autonomy in the last 2 months of residency prior to graduation for 11 of 14 KIPs. For these same 11 procedures, 74% to 95% of recent graduates indicated they achieved meaningful autonomy. The procedures that PDs and recent graduates felt required the most surgical assistance were ossiculoplasty/stapedectomy, rhinoplasty, and mastoidectomy. All PDs agreed or strongly agreed that graduating residents are comfortable operating and taking call as general otolaryngologists, compared to 86% and 93% of recent graduates. CONCLUSION Most PDs and recent graduates agree that residents are well-prepared for general otolaryngology practice with the exception of select KIPs.Level of evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and EarBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aaliyah C. Riccardi
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Neha Shafique
- General SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and EarBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Feng S, Chen JX, Liu S, Zheng P, Sun J, Zhang X, Chen Q. [Clinical and prognostic study of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis children with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:3600-3603. [PMID: 34808755 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn112137-20210322-00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The data of clinical characteristics, medical cost and prognosis of 22 anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis children from the Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics between May 2018 and January 2021 were analyzed, and 6 of them occurred paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome (PSH). It was found that the anti-NMDAR encephalitis children with PSH had severer consciousness disorder [median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission: 7.5], longer duration of consciousness disorder (median time: 53 days), higher hospitalization cost (median cost: 230 000 RMB), severer neurological injury at onset [median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at admission: 4], and longer recovery time of neurological function (median time of mRS score recovered to 0-2: 7 months), compared with those without PSH (all P<0.05). Therefore, more attention should be paid to sympathetic excited symptoms of anti NMDAR encephalitis, and thus identify and intervene early on PSH to reduce the neurological damage and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Feng
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - P Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
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Larson AR, Chen JX, Holman A, Sullivan S, Williams P, Nicholson K, Lin DT, Kiyota Y, Richmon JD. Immediate postoperative non-invasive positive pressure ventilation following midface microvascular free flap reconstruction. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1518. [PMID: 34704400 PMCID: PMC9327656 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a rare need for postoperative non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) following microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck. In midface reconstruction, the free flap vascular pedicle is especially vulnerable to the compressive forces of positive pressure delivery. Case A 60 year old female with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior maxilla, for which she underwent infrastructure maxillectomy and fibula free flap reconstruction. To avoid tracheotomy, the patient was extubated postoperatively and transitioned to NIPPV immediately utilizing a full‐face positive pressure mask with a soft and flexible sealing layer. The patient was successfully transitioned to NIPPV immediately after extubation. The free flap exhibited no signs of vascular compromise postoperatively, and healed very well. Conclusion Postoperative non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation can be successfully applied following complex microvascular midface reconstruction to avoid tracheotomy in select patients without vascular compromise of the free flap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Holman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey Sullivan
- Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Purris Williams
- Sean M. Healy & AMG Center for ALS, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharine Nicholson
- Sean M. Healy & AMG Center for ALS, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derrick T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuka Kiyota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy D Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen JX, Deng F, Filimonov A, Shuman EA, Marchiano E, George BC, Thorne M, Pletcher SD, Platt M, Teng MS, Kozin ED, Gray ST. Multi-institutional Study of Otolaryngology Resident Intraoperative Experiences for Key Indicator Procedures. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:268-273. [PMID: 34609936 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is concern that current otolaryngology residents may not receive adequate surgical training. We aimed to characterize residents' surgical experiences at 5 academic centers performing the 14 key indicator procedures (KIPs) outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Five otolaryngology training programs. METHODS Data were gathered from December 2019 to December 2020 with a smartphone application from the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning. After each operation, residents and faculty rated trainee autonomy on a 4-level Zwisch scale and performance on a 5-level modified Dreyfus scale. RESULTS Residents and attendings (n = 92 and 78, respectively) logged 2984 evaluations. Attending ratings of resident autonomy and performance increased with training level (P < .001). Resident self-assessments of autonomy and performance were lower than paired attending assessments (P < .001). Among attending evaluations of KIPs performed by senior residents (postgraduate year 4 or 5), 55% of cases were performed with meaningful autonomy (passive help or supervision only). Similarly, attendings rated 55% of these cases as a practice-ready or exceptional performance. Senior residents had meaningful autonomy for ≥50% of cases for most KIPs, with the exception of flaps and grafts (40%), pediatric/adult airway (39%), and stapedectomy/ossiculoplasty (33%). Similarly, senior residents received practice-ready or exceptional performance ratings for ≥50% of cases across all KIPs other than pediatric/adult airway (42%) and stapedectomy/ossiculoplasty (33%). CONCLUSION In this multicenter study, resident surgical autonomy and performance varied across otolaryngology KIPs. The development of nationwide benchmarks will help programs and residents set educational goals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis Deng
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrey Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Marchiano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian C George
- Center for Surgical Training and Research, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc Thorne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven D Pletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marita S Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Elliott D Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen JX, Chang EH, Deng F, Meyerson S, George B, Kozin ED, Gray ST. Autonomy in the Operating Room: A Multicenter Study of Gender Disparities During Surgical Training. J Grad Med Educ 2021; 13:666-672. [PMID: 34721795 PMCID: PMC8527937 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-21-00217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender disparities are prevalent in medicine, but their impact on surgical training is not well studied. OBJECTIVE To quantify gender disparities in trainee intraoperative experiences and explore the variables associated with ratings of surgical autonomy and performance. METHODS From September 2015 to May 2019, attending surgeons and trainees from 71 programs assessed trainee autonomy on a 4-level Zwisch scale and performance on a 5-level modified Dreyfus scale after surgical procedures. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association of trainee gender with autonomy and performance evaluations. RESULTS A total of 3255 trainees and attending surgeons completed 94 619 evaluations. Attendings gave lower ratings of operative autonomy to female trainees than male trainees when controlling for training level, attending, and surgical procedure (effect size B = -0.0199, P = .008). There was no difference in ratings of autonomy at the beginning of training (P = .32); the gap emerged as trainees advanced in years (B = -0.0163, P = .020). The gender difference in autonomy was largest for the most complex cases (B = -0.0502, P = .002). However, there was no difference in attending ratings of surgical performance for female trainees compared to male trainees (B = -0.0124, P = .066). Female trainees rated themselves as having less autonomy and worse performance than males when controlling for training level, attending, procedure, case complexity, and attending ratings (autonomy B = -0.0669, P < .001; performance B = -0.0704, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS While there was no significant difference in ratings of operative performance, a small difference between ratings of operative autonomy for female and male surgical trainees was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Jenny X. Chen, MD, is a Clinical Fellow, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
| | - Edward H. Chang
- Edward H. Chang, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Business Administration, Negotiation, Organizations and Markets Unit, Harvard Business School
| | - Francis Deng
- Francis Deng, MD, is a Clinical Fellow, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Shari Meyerson
- Shari Meyerson, MD, MEd, is Professor of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky
| | - Brian George
- Brian George, MD, MAEd, is Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Training and Research, Michigan Medicine
| | - Elliott D. Kozin
- Elliott D. Kozin, MD*, is Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Stacey T. Gray, MD*, is Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
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Mokhtari TE, Miller LE, Chen JX, Hartnick CJ, Varvares MA. Opioid prescribing practices in academic otolaryngology: A single institutional survey. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103038. [PMID: 33878642 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opioids are highly addictive medications and otolaryngologists have a responsibility to practice opioid stewardship. We investigated postoperative opioid prescribing patterns among resident and attending physicians as an educational platform to underscore the importance of conscientious opioid prescribing. METHODS This quality improvement study was designed as a cross-sectional electronic survey. Residents and attending clinical faculty members at a single academic institution were queried from February through April 2020. An electronic survey was distributed to capture postoperative opioid prescribing patterns after common procedures. At the conclusion of the study, results were sent to all faculty and residents. RESULTS A total of 29 attending otolaryngologists and 22 residents completed the survey. Resident physicians prescribed on average fewer postoperative opioid pills than attendings. Among attendings, the largest number of opioids were prescribed following tonsillectomy (dose varied by patient age), neck dissection (12.6 pills), brow lift (13.3 pills), facelift (13.3 pills), and open reduction of facial trauma (10.7 pills). For residents, surgeries with the most postoperatively prescribed opioids were for tonsillectomy (varied by patient age), neck dissection (13.4 pills), open reduction of facial trauma (10.5 pills), parotidectomy (10.0 pills), and thyroid/parathyroidectomy (9.0 pills). The largest volume of postoperative opioids for both groups was prescribed following tonsillectomy. Attendings prescribed significantly more opioids after facelift and brow lift than did residents (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION There was good concordance between resident and attending prescribers. Improvement in opioid prescribing and pain management should be an essential component of otolaryngology residency education and attending continuing medical education. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Mokhtari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lu Y, Chen JX, Song P, Li H, Ai L, Cai YC, Chu YH, Chen SH. [Construction of a cDNA library for Sparganum mansoni and screening of diagnostic antigen cadidates]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:380-386. [PMID: 34505445 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a cDNA library of Sparganum mansoni and immunoscreen antigen candidates for immunodiagnosis of sparganosis mansoni. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from S. mansoni, and reversely transcribed into cDNA, which was ligated into the phage vector. These recombinant vectors were packaged in vitro to construct the SMART cDNA library of S. mansoni. Then, the cDNA library was immunoscreened with sera from patients with sparganosis mansoni to yield positive clones. The inserted fragments of positive clones were sequenced and subjected to homology analyses, and the structure and functions of the coding proteins were predicted. RESULTS The SMATR cDNA library of S. mansoni was successfully constructed. The titer of the cDNA library was 6.25 × 106 pfu/mL, with a recombinant efficiency of 100%, and the mean length of the inserted fragments in the library was larger than 1 100 bp. A total of 12 positive clones were obtained by immunoscreening, and were categorized into Sm-I (Sm60-1), Sm-II (Sm58-1), Sm-III (Sm20-1) and Sm-IV (Sm22-3), with 1 134, 1 063, 883 bp and 969 bp long inserted fragments. Their coding proteins were highly homologous with the Spirometra erinaceieuropaei antigenic polypeptide, cytoplasmic antigen, ribosomal protein S4-like protein and unnamed protein product, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A SMART cDNA library of S. mansoni has been successfully constructed and 4 categories of positive clones have been identified, which provides a basis for further studies on diagnostic antigens for sparganosis mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Song Y, Ayoub N, Chen JX, Alyono JC, Welling DB. Pulmonary Embolism and Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: A Retrospective Case Series. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 131:683-689. [PMID: 34353140 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211036864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the presentation and treatment of patients developing pulmonary embolism following translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection. METHODS This was a retrospective case series of patients at 2 academic tertiary medical centers who developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism post-operatively following translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection and were found to have evidence of sigmoid sinus thrombosis. RESULTS Three patients were identified to have post-operative pulmonary emboli after translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma resection with sigmoid sinus or internal jugular vein clots in the absence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Caprini scores for these patients were 5 or lower. All patients underwent CT pulmonary angiography and were confirmed to have pulmonary emboli. Two were promptly anticoagulated with heparin drips and transitioned to long-term oral anticoagulation therapy and 1 had delayed anticoagulation. None of these patients suffered from intracranial hemorrhage post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing translabyrinthine approach for vestibular schwannoma can develop pulmonary embolism from sigmoid sinus entry or thrombosis. No clear guidelines exist for the management of this complication in the setting of recent craniotomy and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage must be considered prior to initiating anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Song
- Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noel Ayoub
- Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Alyono
- Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Division of Otology and Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen JX, Shah SA, Rathi VK, Varvares MA, Gray ST. Graduate Medical Education in Otolaryngology: Making Dollars and Sense of Reform. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 165:762-764. [PMID: 33845661 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graduate medical education (GME) is funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services through both direct and indirect payments. In recent years, stakeholders have raised concerns about the growth of spending on GME and distribution of payment among hospitals. Key stakeholders have proposed reforms to reduce GME funding such as adjustments to statutory payment formulas and absolute caps on annual payments per resident. Otolaryngology departmental leadership should understand the potential effects of proposed reforms, which could have significant implications for the short-term financial performance and the long-term specialty workforce. Although some hospitals and departments may elect to reduce resident salaries or eliminate positions in the face of GME funding cuts, this approach overlooks the substantial Medicare revenue contributed by resident care and high cost of alternative labor sources. Commitment to resident training is necessary to align both the margin and mission of otolaryngology departments and their sponsoring hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Vinay K Rathi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Wang Z, Pang C, Lu YX, Lin F, Gao Y, Chen JX. [Encephalopathy as the first manifestation: a case report of deep neck abscess in a child]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:387-389. [PMID: 33832199 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201016-00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y X Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - F Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
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36
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Xu QM, Fang F, Wu SH, Shi ZQ, Liu Z, Zhoa YJ, Zheng HW, Lu GX, Kong HR, Wang GJ, Ai L, Chen MX, Chen JX. Dendritic cell TLR4 induces Th1-type immune response against Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:172-179. [PMID: 33797542 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Toll-like receptor (TLR4)- mediated dendritic cell (DC) immune against Cryptosporidium parvum infection. C. parvum sporozoites were labeled with 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were isolated, and divided into TLR4 antibody blocking (TAB; infected with 2 × 105 labeled sporozoites and 0.5 μg TLR4 blocking antibody), TLR4 antibody unblocking (TAU; infected with 2 × 105 labeled sporozoites), and blank control (BC; with 1.5 mL Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium) groups. The adhesion of Cryptosporidium sporozoites to DCs and CD11c+ levels were examined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Male KM mice were orally injected with C. parvum. The proliferation of T lymphocytes in spleen, expression of cytokines in peripheral blood, and TLR4 distribution features in different organs were further determined by immunohistochemistry. A significantly higher expression of CD11c+ and higher C. parvum sporozoite adhesion were found in the TAU group compared with other groups. The expression of CD4+CD8- /CD8+CD4- in the spleen were obviously differences between the TAB and TAU groups. The expression of TLR4, interleukin IL-4, IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-γ improved in the TAU group compared with TAB group. Higher expression of TLR4 was detected in the lymph nodes of mice in the TAU group, with pathological changes in the small intestine. Hence, TLR4 could mediate DCs to recognize C. parvum, inducing Th1 immune reaction to control C. parvum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - F Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - S H Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - Z Q Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - Y J Zhoa
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - H W Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - G X Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - H R Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - G J Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China
| | - L Ai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - M X Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, PR China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
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37
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Hu ZH, Chen HH, Qian K, Ning CQ, Peng GH, Yu YF, Zhou XF, Chu YH, Xu D, Chen JX, Tian LG, Li H. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among AIDS patients in Nanchang City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:577-583. [PMID: 33325191 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients in Nanchang City during the period between May and September, 2016. B. hominis infection was detected in patients'stool samples using a PCR assay, and the CD4+ T cell count was measured in subjects'blood samples. In addition, the risk factors of B. hominis infection in AIDS patients were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A survey was conducted in Nanchang City from May to September 2016. A total of 505 AIDS patients were investigated, and the prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.16%. Univariate analysis revealed that B. hominis infection correlated with the occupation (χ2 = 8.595, P = 0.049), education level (χ2 = 14.494, P = 0.001), type of daily drinking water (χ2 = 10.750, P = 0.020), root of HIV infections (χ2 = 8.755, P = 0.026) and receiving anti-HIV therapy (χ2 = 23.083, P = 0.001) among AIDS patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified daily direct drinking of tap water as a risk factor of B. hominis infections [odds ratio (OR) = 7.988, 95% confidential interval (CI): (1.160, 55.004)] and anti-HIV therapy as a protective factor of B. hominis infection [OR = 0.183, 95% CI: (0.049, 0.685)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of B. hominis is 4.16% among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. Daily direct drinking of tap water is a risk factor, and anti-HIV therapy is a protective factor of B. hominis infection among AIDS patients living in Nanchang City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Hu
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - H H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China.,▵Co-first author
| | - K Qian
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - C Q Ning
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - G H Peng
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - X F Zhou
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - D Xu
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - H Li
- Nanchang Municipal Health Commission, Jiangxi Province, China
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38
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Ai L, Hu W, Zhang RL, Huang DN, Chen SH, Xu B, Li H, Cai YC, Lu Y, Zhou XN, Chen MX, Chen JX. microRNAs expression profiles in Schistosoma japonicum of different sex 14 and 28 days post-infection. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:947-962. [PMID: 33612748 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different miRNAs are involved in the life cycles of Schistosoma japonicum. The aim of this study was to examine the expression profile of miRNAs in individual S. japonicum of different sex before and after pairing (18 and 24 dpi). The majority of differential expressed miRNAs were highly abundant at 14 dpi, except for sja-miR-125b and sja-miR-3505, in both male and female. Moreover, it was estimated that sja-miR-125b and sja-miR-3505 might be related to laying eggs. sja-miR-2a-5p and sja-miR-3484-5p were expressed at 14 dpi in males and were significantly clustered in DNA topoisomerase III, Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 and L-serine/L-threonine ammonia-lyase. Target genes of sja-miR-2d-5p, sja-miR-31- 5p and sja-miR-125a, which were expressed at 14 dpi in males but particularly females, were clustered in kelch-like protein 12, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I, and heat shock protein 90 kDa beta. Predicted target genes of sja-miR-3483-3p (expressed at 28 dpi in females but not in males) were clustered in 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N1, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX17. Predicted target genes of sja-miR-219-5p, which were differentially expressed at 28 dpi in females but particularly males, were clustered in DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6, protein phosphatase 1D, and ATPase family AAA domaincontaining protein 3A/B. Moreover, at 28 dpi, eight miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in females compared to males. The predicted target genes of these miRNAs were significantly clustered in heat shock protein 90 kDa beta, 26S proteasome regulatory subunit N1, and protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1. To sum up, differentially expressed miRNAs may have an essential role and provide necessary information on clarifying this trematode's growth, development, maturation, and infection ability to mammalian hosts in its complex life cycle, and may be helpful for developing new drug targets and vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - W Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China.,Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - R L Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - D N Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - S H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - B Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - H Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - X N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Wu XB, Zhou Y, Bao F, Wang X, Yu Y, Chen JX, Li J. [IgE multiple myeloma, one case report]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:902-905. [PMID: 33120496 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200218-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X B Wu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - F Bao
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - J Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Ning CQ, Kang JM, Li YT, Chen HH, Chu YH, Yu YF, Wu XP, Ai L, Chen JX, Tian LG, Liao QD. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:489-497. [PMID: 33185060 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among students sampled from a primary school in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City on April, 2018, and their stool samples were collected for microscopic examinations, in vitro culture and PCR assays to analyze the prevalence of Blastocystis infections and subtype of the parasite. In addition, the risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 466 primary students were surveyed, and the subjects had a mean age of (9.81±1.66) years and included 236 males (50.64%) and 230 females (49.36%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infections was 15.24% (71/466) among the study students, and there was no significance difference in the prevalence between male and fe- male students (16.52% vs. 13.91%; χ2 = 0.616, P = 0.433). In addition, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis infections among grade 1 (6.35%, 4/63), grade 2 (5.17%, 3/58), grade 3 (21.74%, 15/69), grade 4 (25.30%, 21/83), grade 5 (10.19%, 11/108) and grade 6 students (20.00%, 17/85) (χ2 = 15.410, P = 0.009). There were four Blastocystis subtypes characterized (ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST7), in which ST6 was the most common subtype (45.07%, 32/71), followed by ST3 (25.35%, 18/71). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that minority ethnicity [odds ratio (OR) = 4.259, 95% confidential inter- val (CI) : (1.161, 15.621)] and low maternal education level (primary school and below) [OR = 9.038, 95% CI: (1.125, 72.642)] were identified as risk factors of Blastocystis infection among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of Blastocystis infections detected among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, and ST6 and ST3 are predominant subtypes. Minority ethnicity and low maternal education level (primary school and below) are risk factors for Blastocystis infections in primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Ning
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J M Kang
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
| | - Y T Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X P Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Q D Liao
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
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Chari DA, Workman AD, Chen JX, Jung DH, Abdul-Aziz D, Kozin ED, Remenschneider AK, Lee DJ, Welling DB, Bleier BS, Quesnel AM. Aerosol Dispersion During Mastoidectomy and Custom Mitigation Strategies for Otologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:67-73. [PMID: 32660367 PMCID: PMC7361126 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820941835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate small-particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source-control mitigation strategies. Study Design Cadaveric simulation. Setting Surgical simulation laboratory. Methods An optical particle size spectrometer was used to quantify 1- to 10-µm aerosols 30 cm from mastoid cortex drilling. Two barrier drapes were evaluated: OtoTent1, a drape sheet affixed to the microscope; OtoTent2, a custom-structured drape that enclosed the surgical field with specialized ports. Results Mastoid drilling without a barrier drape, with or without an aerosol-scavenging second suction, generated large amounts of 1- to 10-µm particulate. Drilling under OtoTent1 generated a high density of particles when compared with baseline environmental levels (P < .001, U = 107). By contrast, when drilling was conducted under OtoTent2, mean particle density remained at baseline. Adding a second suction inside OtoTent1 or OtoTent2 kept particle density at baseline levels. Significant aerosols were released upon removal of OtoTent1 or OtoTent2 despite a 60-second pause before drape removal after drilling (P < .001, U = 0, n = 10, 12; P < .001, U = 2, n = 12, 12, respectively). However, particle density did not increase above baseline when a second suction and a pause before removal were both employed. Conclusions Mastoidectomy without a barrier, even when a second suction was added, generated substantial 1- to 10-µm aerosols. During drilling, large amounts of aerosols above baseline levels were detected with OtoTent1 but not OtoTent2. For both drapes, a second suction was an effective mitigation strategy during drilling. Last, the combination of a second suction and a pause before removal prevented aerosol escape during the removal of either drape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya A Chari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elliott D Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron K Remenschneider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia M Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang CY, Cao LM, Shi J, Li X, Hu FL, Ma JP, Li B, Xu S, Peng XL, Chen HE, Dai SH, Fang Y, Chen JX, Liang XF. [A prospective cohort study on blood pressure control and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 54:737-741. [PMID: 32842295 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20191225-00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between blood pressure control and risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with hypertension. Methods: A total of 5 488 patients with hypertension from 60 communities were randomly selected from 101 communities in 8 streets of Nanshan District in Shenzhen City by using two-stage sampling method. The social demographic characteristics, behavior and life style, coronary heart disease and diabetes were collected and the physical condition, blood pressure and blood biochemical indexes were measured. From April 1, 2010 to August 31, 2017 as the follow-up period, the incidence of IS was annually collected by using telephone survey. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure control, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the risk of IS. Results: The age of all patients was (58.50±12.14) years old, including 2 712 males (49.42%) and 3 112 patients with well-controlled blood pressure (56.71%). During the follow-up period, 358 new cases of IS were confirmed, and the incidence density was 1 346.27/100 000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed after adjusting for confounding factors, unstable blood pressure control, SBP≥150 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa; compared with SBP<120 mmHg), and DBP≥95 mmHg (compared with DBP<80 mmHg) were associated with risk of IS. The HR (95%CI) was 1.29 (1.04, 1.59), 2.00 (1.26, 3.17) and 1.52 (1.01, 2.64), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed these associations only existed in female patients with hypertension. The HR (95%CI) was 1.39 (1.05, 1.85), 2.53 (1.41, 4.56) and 1.73 (1.00, 3.36), respectively. Conclusion: Unstable blood pressure control increases the risk of IS in female patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - L M Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
| | - F L Hu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518037, China
| | - J P Ma
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - S Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - X L Peng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - H E Chen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - S H Dai
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Y Fang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - J X Chen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - X F Liang
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
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Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising treatment for hair restoration in patients with androgenic alopecia. Created from a platelet concentrate from an autologous blood draw, PRP is a safe therapeutic option for patients with hair loss. It is used alone or in conjunction with topical and oral therapies. Most studies of hair restoration with PRP report positive outcomes. Further research to optimize PRP preparation/administration procedures and identify patient populations that benefit most from this treatment are needed, as is long-term follow-up of objective hair loss outcomes. PRP appears to be a safe technology with excellent potential for promoting hair restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Justicz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adeeb Derakhshan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Linda N Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Chen MX, Zhang RL, Xu XN, Yu Q, Huang DN, Liu W, Chen SH, Song P, Lu L, Cai YC, Ai L, Chen JX. Parasitological and molecular detection of human fascioliasis in a young man from Guizhou, China. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:50-57. [PMID: 33612717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 24-year-old man born in Guizhou province was diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and bile duct stones in 2013. Four living trematodes were found during laparotomy and cholecystectomy. Based on the morphology and molecular genetics analysis of internal transcribed spacer and pcox1 genes of the flatworm specimens, the trematodes from the patient were confirmed to be Fasciola hepatica. This report provided the clinical and molecular diagnosis information on human fascioliasis, which is an emerging sanitary problem still ignored in China. Human fascioliasis constantly occurs due to climatic changes and frequency of human travel. Therefore, it deserves more attention from physicians working in both developing and developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - R L Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - X N Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Q Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - D N Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - W Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - S H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - L Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Zhou XN, Li SZ, Xu J, Chen JX, Wen LY, Zhang RL, Lü C. [Surveillance and control strategy of imported schistosomiasis mansoni: an expert consensus]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 31:591-595. [PMID: 32064800 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In 1980s, Biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, was found in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, and currently, this snail has colonized in Shenzhen City and spread to peripheral cities involving of Dongguan and Huizhou. Since imported cases infected with S. mamoni have been reported from time to time in China, Mainland China is facing the potential risk of transmission of schistosomiasis mansoni. With the deepening of the opening-up policy, notably the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, there is an increase in the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis mansoni in Mainland China. Increasing the understanding on schistosomiasis mansoni, improving the awareness toward schistosomiasis mansoni prevention and control, and identifying, reporting and managing imported cases with S. mansoni infection or pathogen carriers, are of particular importance to prevent the development of entire life cycle of S. mansoni and the resultant schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in China. To protect public health, a consensus has been reached pertaining to the surveillance and control strategy of imported schistosomiasis mansoni by Chinese infectious disease experts and parasitologists, with aims to improve the awareness and capability for the diagnosis, treatment and control of imported schistosomiasis mansoni among Chinese disease control and prevention institutions and medical institutions, and decrease and even eliminate the risk of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China
| | - S Z Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China
| | - J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China
| | - L Y Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Schistosomiasis Control, China
| | - R L Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China.,Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, China
| | - C Lü
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, China
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Chen JX, Nourmahnad A, O'Malley J, Reinshagen K, Nadol JB, Quesnel AM. Otopathology in CHARGE syndrome. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:157-162. [PMID: 32128443 PMCID: PMC7042646 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem temporal bone computed tomography (CT) and histopathologic findings in an infant with CHARGE syndrome revealed bilateral cochleovestibular hypoplasia, including cochlear pathology relevant to cochlear implant candidacy. Both ears had absence of the superior semicircular canals (SCCs), severely hypoplastic posterior SCCs, and hypoplastic (right ear) or absent (left ear) lateral SCCs seen on CT and histopathology. Histopathology further revealed the absence of all SCC ampullae except the right lateral SCC ampulla and atrophic vestibular neuroepithelium in the saccule and utricle bilaterally. The right cochlea consisted of a basal turn with patent round window, and malformed middle turn (type IV cochlear hypoplasia), with a small internal auditory canal (IAC) but near normal cochlear nerve aperture (fossette). Quantification of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) on histologic sections revealed a reduced SGN population (35% of normal for age), but this ear would still have likely achieved benefit from a cochlear implant based on this population. The left cochlea consisted of only a basal turn with patent round window (type III cochlear hypoplasia) with a small IAC and very small cochlear nerve aperture. Notably, histology revealed that there were no SGNs in the cochlea, and therefore, this ear would not have been a good candidate for cochlear implantation. Level of evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Anahita Nourmahnad
- Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer O'Malley
- Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | | | - Joseph B Nadol
- Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Otopathology Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alicia M Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Otopathology Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts
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Chen JX, Kozin E, Bohnen J, George B, Deschler D, Emerick K, Gray ST. Tracking operative autonomy and performance in otolaryngology training using smartphone technology: A single institution pilot study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:578-586. [PMID: 31890874 PMCID: PMC6929585 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of duty hour restrictions, otolaryngology residents may not gain the operative experience necessary to function autonomously by the end of training. This study quantifies residents' autonomy during key indicator cases, defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Faculty and residents at a large academic institution were surveyed on the surgical autonomy trainees should achieve for otolaryngology key indicator surgeries at each training level. Residents and faculty used the mobile application "System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning" (SIMPL) between December 2017 and July 2018 to log trainees' operative autonomy during cases on a validated four-level Zwisch scale, from "show and tell" to "supervision only." RESULTS The study included 40 participants (23 residents and 17 attendings). The survey response rate was 83%. In surveys, residents overestimated the autonomy PGY5 residents should achieve for parotidectomy, rhinoplasty, thyroid/parathyroidectomy, and airway procedures compared with faculty (P < .05). Using SIMPL, 833 evaluations were logged of which 253 were paired evaluations for key indicator cases. Comparing survey predictions with actual cases logged in SIMPL, residents and faculty overestimated the autonomy achieved by senior trainees performing mastoidectomy (PGY5, P < .05) and ethmoidectomy (PGY4/5, P < .05); both felt that senior residents should operate with between "passive help" and "supervision only" whereas residents actually had "passive help." Residents overestimated their autonomy during rhinoplasty (PGY5, P = .017) and parotidectomy (PGY5, P = .007) while attendings accurately expected chief residents to have "passive help." CONCLUSIONS Resident surgical autonomy varies across otolaryngology procedures. Multicenter studies are needed to elucidate national trends. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny X. Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Elliott Kozin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jordan Bohnen
- Department of General SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Brian George
- Department of General SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Daniel Deschler
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Kevin Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Stacey T. Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryMassachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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Asafu-Adjaye EB, Wong SK, Arnason J, Betz J, Breakell K, Chen JX, Fitzloff J, Fong HHS, Kim CS, Kwan SY, Leung HW, Li GQ, Lin RC, Luo GA, Nicolidakis H, Park H, Suen E, Wang XR, Wang ZT, Wen KC, Yeung HW. Determination of Ginsenosides (Ginseng Saponins) in Dry Root Powder from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Selected Commercial Products by Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twelve collaborating laboratories assayed 4 products, namely, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and 2 ginseng products, for 6 ginsenosides: Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, andRg1. Collaborators also received a negative control for the recovery study. Pure ginsenosides were provided as reference standards for the liquid chromatography (LC) analysis and the system suitability tests. The LC analyses were performed on the methanol extract using UV detection at 203 nm. For P. ginseng, individual ginsenosides were consistent in their means; repeatability standard deviations (RSDr)rangedfrom4.17to5.09% and reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 7.27 to 11.3%. For P. quinquefolius, the Rb1 and Rb2 ginsenosides were higher and lower in concentration than P. ginseng, with RSDr values of 3.44 and 6.60% and RSDR values of 5.91 and 12.6% respectively, and other analytes at intermediate precisions. For ginseng commercial products, RSDr values ranged from 3.39 to 8.12%, andRSDR values ranged from 7.65 to 16.5%. A recovery study was also conducted for 3 ginsenosides: Rg1, Re, andRb1. The average recoveries were 99.9, 96.2, and 92.3%, respectively. The method is not applicable for the determination of Rg1 and Re in ginseng product at levels <300 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer B Asafu-Adjaye
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Product Quality Research Laboratory, HFD-941, NLRC Ste 2400, Rockville, MD 20857
| | - Siu Kay Wong
- Hong Kong Government Laboratory, Homantin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau St, Hong Kong
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Kang JM, Li YT, Chen R, Yu YF, Li XT, Wu XP, Chu YH, Chen JX, Zhang SX, Tian LG. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:479-485. [PMID: 31713375 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2018244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community hospital in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, and the inpatients were surveyed by questionnaires. After obtaining the informed consent from the inpatients or legal guardians, the stool and blood samples were collected and examined by microscopy and PCR from April 17 to May 1, 2018. The univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of the B. hominis infection. RESULTS A total of 198 hospitalized patients were investigated, and the infection rate of B. hominis was 10.61% (21/198), and the infection rate of the females (12.10%) was higher than that of the males (8.11%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The highest rate of infection was 19.23% in the age group of 10 to 20 years, followed by 17.74% in the age group of 60 years and above, and the lowest rate was 2.38% in the age group of 20 to 40 years. The difference in infection rates of B. hominis among the different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infection rate of B. hominis in the people who used dry pail latrines was 33.30%, which was higher than that of the people who used water flush toilets (9.10%) (P < 0.05). The genotypes of B. hominis were ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST7, and ST6 and ST3 being the most predominant genotypes which accounted for 47.62% (10/21) and 38.10% (8/21) respectively, and among the infected males, the genotypes were only ST3 and ST6. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the factors affecting B. hominis infection, only keeping pets was a risk factor [OR = 3.798, 95% CI (1.245, 11.581), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of B. hominis infection is found in the inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, the predominant genotypes are ST6 and ST3, and keeping pets may be one of the main risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kang
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Y T Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - R Chen
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - X T Li
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - X P Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - S X Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
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Zhang SX, Yu YF, Wu XP, Chu YH, Teng XJ, Wang FF, Chen JX, Tian LG. [Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among patients with HIV/AIDS in Fuyang City Anhui Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:498-503. [PMID: 31713378 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among patients with HIV/AIDS in Fuyang City, Anhui Province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fuyang City, Anhui Province in 2016. The demographic and socioeconomic status, and the lifestyle and production style were collected using a questionnaire survey. B. hominis DNA was detected in subjects'stool samples using a PCR assay, and the CD4+ T lymphocyte count and HIV viral load were measured in the subjects' blood samples. The risk factors of B. hominis infections among patients with HIV/AIDS were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 398 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 49.3 years, a mean body weight of 55.9 kg and a mean height of 164.4 cm. The prevalence of B. hominis infection was 6.78% in the study subjects, and no gender- (χ2 = 1.589, P = 0.207), education level- (χ2 =0.508, P = 0.776), marital status- (χ2 = 0.419, P = 0.811) or occupation-specific prevalence (χ2 = 2.744, P = 0.615) was detected. Among the patients with HIV/AIDS, there were no significant differences in the age (t = 0.370, P = 0.712), height (t = 1.587, P =0.113), body weight (t = 0.516, P = 0.606), CD4+ T lymphocyte count (t = 1.187, P = 0.230) or HIV viral load (t = 0.193, P =0.496) between B. hominis-infected and uninfected individuals. Dinking non-tap water [OR = 6.554, 95% CI: (1.876 to 22.903)] and keeping dogs [OR = 5.895, 95% CI: (2.017 to 17.225)] were identified as risk factors for B. hominis infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of B. hominis infection is high in HIV/AIDS patients, and drinking non-tap water and keeping dogs are risk factors for B. hominis infection among HIV/AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X P Wu
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X J Teng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - F F Wang
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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