1
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Khizar M, Shahid W, Shahid S, Khan M, Ansar N, Ullah S, Farrukh A, Choi JR. Crafting a powerful shield: Unveiling the potent anti-oxidant magic of ex-situ nanostructured Ag/WO 3 composite. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25591. [PMID: 38370257 PMCID: PMC10869755 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses the nanocomposites of Ag/WO3 was synthesized via hydrothermal method and extract of Aloe-vera gel was used. Various characterization techniques were used for the analysis of Ag/WO3 nanocomposites which includes SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDX (Energy dispersive spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), UV (ultraviolet-visible-spectroscopy) to tell about elemental composition, shape and crystalline structure, band gap, functional group. The presence of composition of elements O, W, Ag in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites was confirmed through EDX spectrum. The hexagonal crystal structure and the border peaks in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites were examined through XRD spectra. The Anti-oxidant activity was synthesized by using (DPPH) free Radical in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites. The outcomes of present study exhibited an excellent anti-oxidant activity and also indicated the reduction of stabilized free radical DPPH analysis using Aloe vera extract. The result revealed that the anti-oxidant activity of Ag/WO3 nanocomposites is essential for biomedical application and various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khizar
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Wajeehah Shahid
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Samiah Shahid
- Institute of Molecular and Biology & Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - M.I. Khan
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nawal Ansar
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Farrukh
- Department of Physics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
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2
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Ihtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan MI, Ullah A, Mujtaba A, Almutairi BS, Shahid W, Ali A, Choi JR. Bandgap reduction and efficiency enhancement in Cs 2AgBiBr 6 double perovskite solar cells through gallium substitution. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5440-5448. [PMID: 38348293 PMCID: PMC10859843 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead-free halide double perovskite (LFHDP) Cs2AgBiBr6 has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional lead-based perovskites (LBPs), offering notable advantages in terms of chemical stability and non-toxicity. However, the efficiency of Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells faces challenges due to their wide bandgap (Eg). As a viable strategy to settle this problem, we consider optimization of the optical and photovoltaic properties of Cs2AgBiBr6 by Gallium (Ga) substitution. The synthesized Cs2Ag0.95Ga0.05BiBr6 is rigorously characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, and solar simulator measurements. XRD analysis reveals shifts in peak positions, indicating changes in the crystal lattice due to Ga substitution. The optical analysis demonstrates a reduction in the Eg, leading to improvement of the light absorption within the visible spectrum. Importantly, the Cs2Ag0.95Ga0.05BiBr6 solar cell exhibits enhanced performance, as evidenced by higher values of open circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), and fill factor (FF), which are 0.94 V, 6.01 mA cm-2, and 0.80, respectively: this results in an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.51% to 4.52%. This research not only helps to overcome film formation challenges, but also enables stable Cs2Ag0.95Ga0.05BiBr6 to be established as a high-performance material for photovoltaic applications. Overall, our development contributes to the advancement of environmentally friendly solar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtisham-Ul-Haq
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - Badriah S Almutairi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O.Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajeehah Shahid
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore 53700 Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16227 Republic of Korea
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3
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Iqbal MA, Bakhsh S, Ikram M, Sohail M, Islam MR, Manoharadas S, Choi JR. Investigations on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of cadmium-substituted zinc selenide semiconductors. Front Chem 2023; 11:1299013. [PMID: 38162394 PMCID: PMC10754984 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1299013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A change in the composition and dopant content of selective atoms in a material leads to their new desired properties by altering the structure, which can significantly improve the performance of relevant devices. By acknowledging this, we focused on characterizing the optoelectronic and structural properties of cadmium-substituted zinc selenide (Zn1-xCdxSe; 0 ≤ X ≤ 1) semiconductors using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), EV-GGA, and mBJ approximations. The results proved the cubic symmetry of the investigated materials at all Cd concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1). Although a linear surge in the lattice constant is observed with the change in Cd content, the bulk modulus exhibits a reverse trend. These materials are observed to be direct bandgap semiconductors at all Cd concentrations, with a decrease in electronic bandgap from 2.76 eV to 1.87 eV, and have isotropic optical properties, showing their potential applicability as a blue-to-red display. The fundamental optical properties of the materials, such as optical conductivity, reflectance, refractive index, absorption, and extinction coefficient, are also discussed. These outcomes provide a computational understanding of the diverse applications of Zn1-xCdxSe semiconductors in optoelectronic, photonic, and photovoltaic devices, particularly for a visible-range display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunila Bakhsh
- Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Ikram
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology (ICET), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Md. Rasidul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi–do, Republic of Korea
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4
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Khan M, Nowsherwan GA, Ali R, Ahmed M, Anwar N, Riaz S, Farooq A, Hussain SS, Naseem S, Choi JR. Investigation of Photoluminescence and Optoelectronics Properties of Transition Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films. Molecules 2023; 28:7963. [PMID: 38138453 PMCID: PMC10745842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with transition metals have recently gained significant attention due to their potential applications in a wide range of optoelectronic devices. This study focuses on ZnO thin films doped with the transition metals Co, Fe, and Zr, exploring various aspects of their structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and photoluminescence properties. The thin films were produced using RF and DC co-sputtering techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the doped ZnO thin films exhibited a stable wurtzite crystal structure, showcasing a higher structural stability compared to the undoped ZnO, while the atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging highlighted a distinctive granular arrangement. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was employed to confirm the presence of transition metals in the thin films, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to investigate the presence of chemical bonding. The optical characterizations indicated that doping induced changes in the optical properties of the thin films. Specifically, the doped ZnO thin film's bandgap experienced a significant reduction, decreasing from 3.34 to 3.30 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed distinguishable emission peaks within the optical spectrum, attributed to electronic transitions occurring between different bands or between a band and an impurity. Furthermore, the introduction of these transition metals resulted in decreased resistivity and increased conductivity, indicating their positive influence on the electrical conductivity of the thin films. This suggests potential applications in solar cells and light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Anwar
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aroosa Farooq
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sajjad Hussain
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
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5
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Uzair M, Kanwal S, Khan MI, Shahid W, Almutairi BS, Amin M, Ansar N, Shahid S, Choi JR. Effect of Mn Doped on Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of BiFe 1-xMn xO 3 for Efficient Antioxidant Activity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:42390-42397. [PMID: 38024666 PMCID: PMC10652259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese-doped bismuth ferrites were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with the green extract Azadirachta indica. Our incorporation of the transition element, manganese, into bismuth ferrites tackles the challenge of increased leakage current often observed in intrinsic bismuth ferrites. We gained key insights through a comprehensive examination of the structural, dielectric, and optical properties of these materials, utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), impedance spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. The formation of an octahedral geometry was confirmed using the FTIR technique. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated that 2% Mn doping is optimal, while we obtained a low band gap energy (2.21 eV) and high refractive index (3.010) at this amount of doping. The manufactured materials exhibited the typical ferrite-like dielectric response, that is, the dielectric parameter gradually decreased as the frequency increased and then stayed constant in the high-frequency range. Using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay, we also examined the antioxidant activity of bismuth ferrites. We concluded that among different Mn-doped BiFeMnO3-based nanomaterials, the 2 wt % Mn-doped BiFeMnO3 shows the highest antioxidant activity. This finding substantiates the efficacy of the optimized material with regard to its potent antioxidant activity, positioning it as a promising candidate for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Uzair
- Department
of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Department
of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Wajeehah Shahid
- Department
of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Badriah S. Almutairi
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.
Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department
of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Nawal Ansar
- Department
of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Samiah Shahid
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic
of Korea
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6
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Azhar M, Nowsherwan GA, Iqbal MA, Ikram S, Butt AF, Khan M, Ahmad N, Hussain SS, Raza MA, Choi JR, Riaz S, Naseem S. Morphological, Photoluminescence, and Electrical Measurements of Rare-Earth Metal-Doped Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films. ACS Omega 2023; 8:36321-36332. [PMID: 37810674 PMCID: PMC10552089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This work is aimed at investigating the viability of utilizing cadmium sulfide (CdS) as a buffer layer in CdTe solar cells by analyzing and assessing its optical, photoluminescence, morphological, and electrical properties. These films were fabricated using a thermal coating technique. Optical microscopy was used to observe the changes in morphology resulting from the doping of rare-earth metals such as samarium (Sm) and lanthanum (La) to CdS, while the granular-like structure of the sample was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The objective of incorporating Sm and La ions into CdS was to enhance photoconductivity and optimize the optical bandgap, aiming to create a viable charge transport material for photovoltaic devices with enhanced efficiency. Through that process, a noticeable decrease in transmission, from approximately 80 to 68% in the visible region, was observed. Additionally, the bandgap value was reduced from 2.43 to 2.27 eV. Furthermore, during the analysis of the photoluminescence spectra, it was observed that emission peaks occurred in the visible region. These emissions were attributed to electronic transitions that took place via band-to-band and band-to-impurity interactions. The electrical measurements showed an enhancement in conductivity due to the decrease in the bandgap. This notable consequence of the doped materials suggests their utilization in photovoltaic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Saira Ikram
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Azqa Farrukh Butt
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sajjad Hussain
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram Raza
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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Choi JR. Dynamics of Dispersive Measurements of Flux-Qubit States: Energy-Level Splitting Connected to Quantum Wave Mechanics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2395. [PMID: 37686903 PMCID: PMC10490274 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting flux qubits have many advantages as a storage of quantum information, such as broad range tunability of frequency, small-size fabricability, and high controllability. In the flux qubit-oscillator, qubits are connected to SQUID resonators for the purpose of performing dispersive non-destructive readouts of qubit signals with high fidelity. In this work, we propose a theoretical model for analyzing quantum characteristics of a flux qubit-oscillator on the basis of quantum solutions obtained using a unitary transformation approach. The energy levels of the combined system (qubit + resonator) are analyzed in detail. Equally spaced each energy level of the resonator splits into two parts depending on qubit states. Besides, coupling of the qubit to the resonator brings about an additional modification in the split energy levels. So long as the coupling strength and the tunnel splitting are not zero but finite values, the energy-level splitting of the resonator does not disappear. We conclude that quantum nondemolition dispersive measurements of the qubit states are possible by inducing bifurcation of the resonator states through the coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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8
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Nowsherwan GA, Iqbal MA, Rehman SU, Zaib A, Sadiq MI, Dogar MA, Azhar M, Maidin SS, Hussain SS, Morsy K, Choi JR. Numerical optimization and performance evaluation of ZnPC:PC70BM based dye-sensitized solar cell. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10431. [PMID: 37369767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Sajid Ur Rehman
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aurang Zaib
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sadiq
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Central South University Changsha, Hunan, 410017, China
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dogar
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Siti Sarah Maidin
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sajjad Hussain
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Tariq MU, Bahnemann D, Idrees F, Iqbal S, Iqbal F, Butt FK, Choi JR, Bilal M. Laser flash photolysis study of Nb 2O 5/g-C 3N 4 heterostructures as efficient photocatalyst for molecular H 2 evolution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16772. [PMID: 37303547 PMCID: PMC10248273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements of visible light activity, slow recombination rate, stability, and efficiency are major challenges facing photocatalyst technologies today. Utilizing heterostructures of g-C3N4 (bandgap ∼2.7eV) with Nb2O5 (bandgap ∼3.4eV) as an alternative materials for the first time, we tried to overcome such challenges in this work. Heterostructures of Nb2O5/g-C3N4 have been synthesized via hydrothermal technique. And then a time-resolved laser flash photolysis of those heterostructures has been analyzed, focusing on seeking how to improve photocatalytic efficiency for molecular hydrogen (H2) evolution. The transient absorption spectra and the lifetime of charge carriers at different wavelengths have been observed for Nb2O5/g-C3N4, where g-C3N4 was used for a control. The role of hole scavenger (methanol) has also been investigated for the purpose of boosting charge trapping and H2 evolution. The long lifetime of Nb2O5/g-C3N4 heterostructures (6.54165 μs) compared to g-C3N4 (3.1651897 μs) has successfully supported the increased H2 evolution of 75 mmol/h.g. An enhancement in the rate of H2 evolution (160 mmol/h.g) in the presence of methanol has been confirmed. This study not only deepens our understanding of the role of scavenger, but also enables a rigorous quantification of the recombination rate crucial for photocatalytic applications in relation with efficient H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Detlef Bahnemann
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
- Institut Fuer Technische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Photoactive Nanocomposite Materials, Saint‐Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya Str. 1, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Faryal Idrees
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saman Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Fauzia Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Faheem K. Butt
- Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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10
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Abaid R, Malik M, Iqbal MA, Malik M, Shahwani Z, Ali TZ, Morsy K, Capangpangan RY, Alguno AC, Choi JR. Biosynthesizing Cassia fistula Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles for MCF-7 Cell Lines Anti-Cancer Assay. ACS Omega 2023; 8:17317-17326. [PMID: 37214698 PMCID: PMC10193565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unique consequence of green synthesis is that the mediator plant is able to release chemicals that are efficacious as reducing as well as stabilizing agents. In this work, the fruit pulp and leaf essences of Cassia fistula have been used to manufacture silver nanoparticles through the green synthesis technique. The sculpturing of nanoparticles was accomplished by utilizing the reduction phenomenon that ensued due to the reaction between plant essences and the precursor solution. These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were examined, where we used scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques as means to analyze the structure, optical properties, and crystalline behavior, respectively. The absorption spectra for fruit and leaf extracts obtained from the UV-vis analyses peaked at 401 and 397 nm, and these peaks imply the appearance of optical energy gaps of 2.12 and 2.58 eV, accompanying spherical shapes of particles with diameters in the ranges of 12-20 and 50-80 nm, respectively. These silver nanoparticles together with the adopted green technique have a vast array of applications, specifically in the biomedical realm. In particular, they are being used to treat several diseases and are manifested as strong anti-tumor agents to medicate MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in order to minimize the cell growth rate depending on their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rija Abaid
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maria Malik
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mariam Malik
- Faculty
of Biological and Applied Sciences, International
Islamic University, Islamabad 04436, Pakistan
| | - Zubeda Shahwani
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen
University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Taha Zaid Ali
- Pharmacy
Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department,
College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- Department
of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College
of Marine and Allied Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan, Poblacion, Naawan 9023, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Department
of Physics, Premier Research Institute of
Science and Mathematics (PRISM) Mindanao State University - Iligan
Institute of Technology, Tibanga Highway, Iligan City 9200 Philippines
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic
of Korea
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11
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Anwar N, Sajid MM, Iqbal MA, Zhai H, Ahmed M, Anwar B, Morsy K, Capangpangan RY, Alguno AC, Choi JR. Synthesis and Characterization of Ferric Vanadate Nanorods for Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid. ACS Omega 2023; 8:15450-15457. [PMID: 37151528 PMCID: PMC10157664 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of ferric vanadate (FeVO4) via a facile hydrothermal method, focusing on demonstrating its exceptional electrochemical (EC) properties on detecting low-density ascorbic acid (AA). The phase purity, crystallinity, structure, morphology, and chemical compositional properties were characterized by employing X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. EC impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were also adopted in order to assess the EC response of a FeVO4-modified glassy carbon electrode for sensing AA at room temperature. The AA concentration range adopted in this experiment is 0.1-0.3 mM at a working electric potential of -0.13 V. The result showed functional excellence of this material for the EC determination of AA with good stability and reproducibility, promising its potentiality in connection with relevant sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anwar
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Munir Sajid
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifa Zhai
- Henan
Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Henan 453007, China
| | - Muqarrab Ahmed
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bushra Anwar
- Institute
of Entomology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road,
Yang-ling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- Department
of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College
of Marine and Allied Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan, Poblacion, Naawan 9023, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Department
of Physics, Premier Research Institute of
Science and Mathematics (PRISM) Mindanao State University—Iligan
Institute of Technology, Tibanga Highway, Iligan City 9200 Philippines
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic
of Korea
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12
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Khan M, Iqbal MA, Malik M, Hashmi SUM, Bakhsh S, Sohail M, Qamar MT, Al-Bahrani M, Capangpangan RY, Alguno AC, Choi JR. Improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells based on rare-earth metal modified bismuth ferrites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3123. [PMID: 36813815 PMCID: PMC9946944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports light energy harvesting characteristics of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and BiFO3 doped with rare-earth metals such as neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), and gadolinium (Gd) dye solutions that were prepared by using the co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized materials were studied, confirming that 5-50 nm sized synthesized particles have a well-developed and non-uniform grain size due to their amorphous nature. Moreover, the peaks of photoelectron emission for bare and doped BiFeO3 were observed in the visible region at around 490 nm, while the emission intensity of bare BiFeO3 was noticed to be lower than that of doped materials. Photoanodes were prepared with the paste of the synthesized sample and then assembled to make a solar cell. The natural and synthetic dye solutions of Mentha, Actinidia deliciosa, and green malachite, respectively, were prepared in which the photoanodes were immersed to analyze the photoconversion efficiency of the assembled dye-synthesized solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of fabricated DSSCs, which was confirmed from the I-V curve, is in the range from 0.84 to 2.15%. This study confirms that mint (Mentha) dye and Nd-doped BiFeO3 materials were found to be the most efficient sensitizer and photoanode materials among all the sensitizers and photoanodes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Khan
- grid.444905.80000 0004 0608 7004Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Maria Malik
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Mauood Hashmi
- grid.444905.80000 0004 0608 7004Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Sunila Bakhsh
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- grid.413062.20000 0000 9152 1776Department of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Qamar
- grid.444905.80000 0004 0608 7004Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Al-Bahrani
- grid.517728.e0000 0004 9360 4144Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001 Iraq
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- grid.449128.2Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Poblacion, 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- grid.449125.f0000 0001 0170 9976Department of Physics, Premier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga Highway, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Shahid W, Idrees F, Iqbal MA, Tariq MU, Shahid S, Choi JR. Ex Situ Synthesis and Characterizations of MoS 2/WO 3 Heterostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12172974. [PMID: 36080010 PMCID: PMC9458188 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel hydrothermal ex situ synthesis was adopted to synthesize MoS2/WO3 heterostructures using two different molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:4. The "bottom-up" assembly was successfully developed to synthesize spherical and flaky-shaped heterostructures. Their structural, morphological, compositional, and bandgap characterizations were investigated through XRD, EDX, SEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis. These analyses help to understand the agglomerated heterostructures of MoS2/WO3 for their possible photocatalytic application. Therefore, prepared heterostructures were tested for RhB photodegradation using solar light irradiation. The % efficiency of MoS2/WO3 composites for 30 min irradiation of 1:1 was 91.41% and for 1:4 was 98.16%. Similarly, the % efficiency of 1:1 MoS2/WO3 heterostructures for 60 min exposure was 92.68%; for 1:4, it was observed as 98.56%; and for 90 min exposure, the % efficiency of 1:1 was 92.41%, and 98.48% was calculated for 1:4 composites. The photocatalytic efficiency was further verified by reusability experiments (three cycles), and the characterization results afterward indicated the ensemble of crystalline planes that were responsible for the high efficiency. Moreover, these heterostructures showed stability over three cycles, indicating their future applications for other photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeehah Shahid
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Idrees
- Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Samiah Shahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
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14
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Malik M, Iqbal MA, Choi JR, Pham PV. 2D Materials for Efficient Photodetection: Overview, Mechanisms, Performance and UV-IR Range Applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:905404. [PMID: 35668828 PMCID: PMC9165695 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used in photodetectors owing to their diverse advantages in device fabrication and manipulation, such as integration flexibility, availability of optical operation through an ultrabroad wavelength band, fulfilling of photonic demands at low cost, and applicability in photodetection with high-performance. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus (BP), III-V materials, heterostructure materials, and graphene have emerged at the forefront as intriguing basics for optoelectronic applications in the field of photodetection. The versatility of photonic systems composed of these materials enables their wide range of applications, including facilitation of chemical reactions, speeding-up of responses, and ultrasensitive light detection in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, mid-infrared (MIR), and far-infrared (FIR) ranges. This review provides an overview, evaluation, recent advancements as well as a description of the innovations of the past few years for state-of-the-art photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials in the wavelength range from UV to IR, and on the combinations of different two-dimensional crystals with other nanomaterials that are appealing for a variety of photonic applications. The device setup, materials synthesis, operating methods, and performance metrics for currently utilized photodetectors, along with device performance enhancement factors, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Phuong V Pham
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Nowsherwan GA, Samad A, Iqbal MA, Mushtaq T, Hussain A, Malik M, Haider S, Pham PV, Choi JR. Performance Analysis and Optimization of a PBDB-T:ITIC Based Organic Solar Cell Using Graphene Oxide as the Hole Transport Layer. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12101767. [PMID: 35630988 PMCID: PMC9147690 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays an imperative role in boosting the cell’s performance. PEDOT: PSS is a conventional HTL used in OSCs owing to its high design cost and instability issues. It can be replaced with graphene oxide to increase the cell performance by overcoming instability issues. Graphene oxide (GO) has gained popularity in recent years for its practical use in solar energy due to its remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. This work uses SCAPS-1D to examine the results of graphene oxide (GO)-based organic solar cells by giving a comparison between the performance of absorber layers and a GO-based HTL to see which absorber material interacts more strongly with GO. The absorber layer PBDB-T:ITIC paired with GO as HTL outperforms the other absorber layers due to its better optical and electrical characteristics. Numerical simulations are performed within the SCAPS software at various absorber layer thicknesses, defect densities, and doping values to assess the influence on device performance and efficiency. After cell optimization, the best efficiency of an improved OSC is found to be 17.36%, and the outcomes of the simulated OSC are referenced to the results of the experimentally implemented OSC. These results provide a possible future direction for developing GO-based OSCs with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Abdul Samad
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Tauqeer Mushtaq
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Ameer Hussain
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (G.A.N.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sabah Haider
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Phuong V. Pham
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.)
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16
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Iqbal MA, Ahmad A, Malik M, Choi JR, Pham PV. Pressure-Induced Bandgap Engineering and Tuning Optical Responses of Cd0.25Zn0.75S Alloy for Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Applications. Materials 2022; 15:ma15072617. [PMID: 35407953 PMCID: PMC9000744 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of composition and pressure, which affect the structure and, as a result, lead to new desired properties, is particularly significant for optimizing device performance. By considering the importance of pressure treatment, this study explores bandgap engineering and tuned optical responses of the ternary Cd0.25Zn0.75S alloy over a pressure range of 0–20 GPa using density functional theory. The functional material exhibits cubic symmetry at all pressures, and its bulk modulus increases with pressure. It is a direct bandgap semiconductor at Γ symmetry point, and its bandgap energy increases from 3.35 eV to 3.86 eV with an increase in pressure. Optical properties change with pressure, such that the absorption coefficient increases and absorbs near-ultraviolet light, while the static dielectric constant and static refractive index both increase with pressure. The effects of pressure on other optical parameters such as dielectric constant, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, and reflection are also explored. These findings provide significant theoretical guidance for the use of the Cd0.25Zn0.75S semiconductor in fabricating optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices functioning at varying pressure ranges and altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Afaq Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Phuong V. Pham
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: (M.A.I.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
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17
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Choi JR. Analysis of the effects of nonextensivity for a generalized dissipative system in the SU(1,1) coherent states. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1622. [PMID: 35102156 PMCID: PMC8803926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe characteristics of nonextensivity for a general quantum dissipative oscillatory system in the SU(1,1) coherent states are investigated using the invariant operator method. We consider a deformed Caldirola-Kanai oscillator represented in terms of a parameter q which is a measure of the degree of nonextensivity. The nonextensivity effects on the parametric evolution of the SU(1,1) coherent states are elucidated. We compare our results with those of previous researches and address the advantage of our methodology which adopts the linear invariant operator. In particular, the nonextensive behaviors associated with the fluctuations of canonical variables and the dissipation of quantum energy are analyzed in detail regarding their dependence on q. The properties of SU(1,1) coherent states that we adopt here can be utilized in quantum-information processes such as cloning, swapping, and teleportation of state information.
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18
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Min-Dianey KAA, Le TK, Qadir A, M’Bouana NLP, Malik M, Kim SW, Choi JR, Pham PV. The Ripple Effect of Graphite Nanofilm on Stretchable Polydimethylsiloxane for Optical Sensing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112934. [PMID: 34835698 PMCID: PMC8619932 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based optical sensing devices have been widely studied for their broad band absorption, high carrier mobility, and mechanical flexibility. Due to graphene’s weak light absorption, studies on graphene-based optical sensing thus far have focused on hybrid heterostructure devices to enhance photo-absorption. Such hybrid devices need a complicated integration process and lead to deteriorating carrier mobility as a result of heterogeneous interfaces. Rippled or wrinkled graphene has been studied in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, concrete demonstrations of the impact of the morphology of nanofilms (e.g., graphite and graphene) associated with light absorption in optical sensing devices have not been fully examined. This study explored the optical sensing potential of a graphite nanofilm surface with ripples induced by a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) supporting layer under different stretch:release ratios and then transferred onto silicon, both under experimental conditions and via simulation. The optical sensing potential of the rippled graphite nanofilm was significantly enhanced (260 mA/W at the stretch–release state of 30%), as compared to the pristine graphite/PDMS (20 mA/W at the stretch–release state of 0%) under laser illumination at a wavelength of 532 nm. In addition, the results of our simulated computation also confirmed the improved light absorption of rippled graphite nanofilm surface-based optical sensing devices, which was comparable with the results found in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossi A. A. Min-Dianey
- Département de Physique, Faculté Des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé, Lomé 01BP1515, Togo;
| | - Top Khac Le
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Akeel Qadir
- Research Center of Smart Sensing Chips, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China;
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), and Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | | | - Muhammad Malik
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sok Won Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Phuong V. Pham
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440746, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.R.C.); (P.V.P.)
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19
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Ryeol Choi J. Effects of light-wave nonstaticity on accompanying geometric-phase evolutions. Opt Express 2021; 29:35712-35724. [PMID: 34809000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics allows the emergence of nonstatic quantum light waves in the Fock state even in a transparent medium of which electromagnetic parameters do not vary over time. Such wave packets become broad and narrow in turn periodically in the quadrature space. We investigate the effects of wave nonstaticity arisen in a static environment on the behavior of accompanying geometric phases in the Fock states. In this case, the geometric phases appear only when the measure of nonstaticity is not zero and their time behavior is deeply related to the measure of nonstaticity. While the dynamical phases undergo linear decrease over time, the geometric phases exhibit somewhat oscillatory behavior where the center of oscillation increases linearly. In particular, if the measure of nonstaticity is sufficiently high, the geometric phases abruptly change whenever the waves become narrow in the quadrature space. The understanding for the phase evolution of nonstatic light waves is necessary in their technological applications regarding wave modulations.
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20
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Qadir A, Le TK, Malik M, Amedome Min-Dianey KA, Saeed I, Yu Y, Choi JR, Pham PV. Representative 2D-material-based nanocomposites and their emerging applications: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23860-23880. [PMID: 35479005 PMCID: PMC9036868 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites (or complex materials) are formed from two or many constituent materials with novel physical or chemical characteristics when integrated. The individual components can be combined to create a unique composite material through mechanical transfer, physical stacking, exfoliation, derivative chemical mixtures, mixtures of solid solutions, or complex synthesis processes. The development of new composites based on emerging 2D nanomaterials has allowed for outstanding achievements with novel applications that were previously unknown. These new composite materials show massive potential in emerging applications due to their exceptional properties, such as being strong, light, cheap, and highly photodegradable, and their ability to be used for water splitting and energy storage compared to traditional materials. The blend of existing polymers and 2D materials with their nanocomposites has proven to be immediate solutions to energy and food scarcity in the world. Although much literature has been reported in the said context, we tried to provide an understanding about the relationship of their mechanisms and scope for future application in a comprehensive way. In this review, we briefly summarize the basic characteristics, novel physical and chemical behaviors, and new applications in the industry of the emerging 2D-material-based composites. Composites (or complex materials) are formed from two or many constituent materials with novel physical or chemical characteristics when integrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeel Qadir
- Research Center of Smart Sensing Chips, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Ningbo 315103 China.,Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Top Khac Le
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 South Korea
| | - Muhammad Malik
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Saeed
- Institute of Aviation Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Yiting Yu
- Research Center of Smart Sensing Chips, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Ningbo 315103 China.,Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Kyonggi University Suwon 16227 South Korea
| | - Phuong V Pham
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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21
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Choi JR. Quadrature Squeezing and Geometric-Phase Oscillations in Nano-Optics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10071391. [PMID: 32708993 PMCID: PMC7407131 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The geometric phase, as well as the familiar dynamical phase, occurs in the evolution of a squeezed state in nano-optics as an extra phase. The outcome of the geometric phase in that state is somewhat intricate: its time behavior exhibits a combination of a linear increase and periodic oscillations. We focus in this work on the periodic oscillations of the geometric phase, which are novel and interesting. We confirm that such oscillations are due purely to the effects of squeezing in the quantum states, whereas the oscillation disappears when we remove the squeezing. As the degree of squeezing increases in q-quadrature, the amplitude of the geometric-phase oscillation becomes large. This implies that we can adjust the strength of such an oscillation by tuning the squeezing parameters. We also investigate geometric-phase oscillations for the case of a more general optical phenomenon where the squeezed state undergoes one-photon processes. It is shown that the geometric phase in this case exhibits additional intricate oscillations with small amplitudes, besides the principal oscillation. Such a sub-oscillation exhibits a beating-like behavior in time. The effects of geometric-phase oscillations are crucial in a wide range of wave interferences which are accompanied by rich physical phenomena such as Aharonov–Bohm oscillations, conductance fluctuations, antilocalizations, and nondissipative current flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Electrophysics, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea
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Choi JR. Dynamical Properties of Nanostructured Josephson‐Junction Based on the Schwinger Quantum Action Analysis. Adv Theory Simul 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of PhysicsKyonggi UniversityYeongtong‐gu Suwon Gyeonggi‐do 16227 Republic of Korea
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Choi JR, Ju S. Properties of the Geometric Phase in Electromechanical Oscillations of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanowire Resonators. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:44. [PMID: 30721358 PMCID: PMC6363811 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The geometric phase is an extra phase evolution in the wave function of vibrations that is potentially applicable in a broad range of science and technology. The characteristics of the geometric phase in the squeezed state for a carbon-nanotube-based nanowire resonator have been investigated by means of the invariant operator method. The introduction of a linear invariant operator, which is useful for treating a complicated time-dependent Hamiltonian system, enabled us to derive the analytical formula of the geometric phase. By making use of this, we have analyzed the time behavior of the geometric phase based on relevant illustrations. The influence of squeezing parameters on the evolution of the geometric phase has been investigated. The geometric phase, in large, oscillates, and the envelope of such oscillation increases over time. The rate of the increase of the geometric phase is large when the parameters, such as the classical amplitude of the oscillation, the damping factor, and the amplitude of the driving force, are large. We have confirmed a very sharp increase of the geometric phase over time in the case that the angular frequency of the system reaches near the resonance angular frequency. Our development regarding the characteristics of the geometric phase is crucial for understanding the topological features in nanowire oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227 Republic of Korea
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Choi JR, Ju S. Quantum Characteristics of a Nanomechanical Resonator Coupled to a Superconducting LC Resonator in Quantum Computing Systems. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 9:nano9010020. [PMID: 30586906 PMCID: PMC6359258 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical and quantum properties of a nanomechanical resonator can be improved by connecting it to a superconducting resonator in a way that the resonator exhibits new phenomena that are possibly available to novel quantum technologies. The quantum characteristics of a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a superconducting resonator have been investigated on the basis of rigorous quantum solutions of the combined system. The solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the coupled system have been derived using the unitary transformation approach. The analytic formula of the wave functions has been obtained by applying the adiabatic condition for time evolution of the coupling parameter. The behavior of the quantum wave functions has been analyzed for several different values of parameters. The probability densities depicted in the plane of the two resonator coordinates are distorted and rotated due to the coupling between the resonators. In addition, we have shown that there are squeezing effects in the wave packet along one of the two resonator coordinates or along both the two depending on the magnitude of several parameters, such as mass, inductance, and angular frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea.
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Choi JR. Squeezing effects applied in nonclassical superposition states for quantum nanoelectronic circuits. Nano Converg 2017; 4:17. [PMID: 28736693 PMCID: PMC5491696 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum characteristics of a driven series RLC nanoelectronic circuit whose capacitance varies with time are studied using an invariant operator method together with a unitary transformation approach. In particular, squeezing effects and nonclassical properties of a superposition state composed of two displaced squeezed number states of equal amplitude, but 180° out of phase, are investigated in detail. We applied our developments to a solvable specific case obtained from a suitable choice of time-dependent parameters. The pattern of mechanical oscillation of the amount of charges stored in the capacitor, which are initially displaced, has exhibited more or less distortion due to the influence of the time-varying parameters of the system. We have analyzed squeezing effects of the system from diverse different angles and such effects are illustrated for better understanding. It has been confirmed that the degree of squeezing is not constant, but varies with time depending on specific situations. We have found that quantum interference occurs whenever the two components of the superposition meet together during the time evolution of the probability density. This outcome signifies the appearance of nonclassical features of the system. Nonclassicality of dynamical systems can be a potential resource necessary for realizing quantum information technique. Indeed, such nonclassical features of superposition states are expected to play a key role in upcoming information science which has attracted renewed attention recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Yeongsong-ro 15, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41453 Republic of Korea
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Choi JR. Erratum to: Superposition states for quantum nanoelectronic circuits and their nonclassical properties. Int Nano Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-016-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Youm HS, Choi JR, Oh D, Rho YH. Vitrfication and Slow Freezing for Cryopreservation of Germinal Vesicle-Stage Human Oocytes: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:455-462. [PMID: 29734441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T he most commonly used methods for the cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos are vitrification and slow freezing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to to investigate whether there are differences in survival, in vitro maturation (IVM), and fertilization rates between cryopreserved immature oocytes, especially germinal vesicle (GV)-stage human oocytes, following vitrification and slow freezing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases. A total of three studies were included in the Bayesian meta-analysis. RESULTS There was no difference in survival rates between vitrification and slow freezing. Additionally, there was no difference in IVM rates and fertilization rates between vitrification and slow freezing. CONCLUSION The superiority of vitrification over slow freezing for cryopreservation of GV-stage human oocytes remains unclear. Additional studies on cytoarchitecture and modification of the cryopreservation protocol are essential to achieve strong conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Youm
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Eroom Women's Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - J R Choi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Eroom Women's Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - D Oh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Eroom Women's Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Rho
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Eroom Women's Clinic, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kim SC, Choi JR, Jeon BK. Physical analysis of the shielding capacity for a lightweight apron designed for shielding low intensity scattering X-rays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27721. [PMID: 27461510 PMCID: PMC4962047 DOI: 10.1038/srep27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop a lightweight apron that will be used for shielding low intensity radiation in medical imaging radiography room and to apply it to a custom-made effective shielding. The quality of existing aprons made for protecting our bodies from direct radiation are improved so that they are suitable for scattered X-rays. Textiles that prevent bodies from radiation are made by combining barium sulfate and liquid silicon. These materials have the function of shielding radiation in a manner like lead. Three kinds of textiles are produced. The thicknesses of each textile are 0.15 mm, 0.21 mm, and 0.29 mm and the corresponding lead equivalents are 0.039 mmPb, 0.095 mmPb, 0.22 mmPb for each. The rate of shielding space scattering rays are 80% from the distance of 0.5 m, 86% from 1.0 m, and 97% from 1.5 m. If we intend to approach with the purpose of shielding scattering X-rays and low intensity radiations, it is possible to reduce the weight of the apron to be 1/5 compared to that of the existing lead aprons whose weight is typically more than 4 kg. We confirm, therefore, that it is possible to produce lightweight aprons that are used for the purpose of shielding low dose radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Yeongsong-ro 15, Buk-gu, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Kyou Jeon
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Yeongsong-ro 15, Buk-gu, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea
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Choi JR, Kim D, Menouar S, Sever R, Abdalla MS. Classical analysis of time behavior of radiation fields associated with biophoton signals. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S577-85. [PMID: 27163320 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propagation of photon signals in biological systems, such as neurons, accompanies the production of biophotons. The role of biophotons in a cell deserves special attention because it can be applied to diverse optical systems. OBJECTIVE This work has been aimed to investigate the time behavior of biophoton signals emitted from living systems in detail, by introducing a Hamiltonian that describes the process. The ratio of the energy loss during signal dissipation will also be investigated. METHOD To see the adiabatic properties of the biophoton signal, we introduced an adiabatic invariant of the system according to the method of its basic formulation. RESULTS The energy of the released biophoton dissipates over time in a somewhat intricate way when t is small. However, after a sufficient long time, it dissipates in proportion (1+λ_0t)^2 to where λ_0 is a constant that is relevant to the degree of dissipation. We have confirmed that the energy of the biophoton signal oscillates in a particular way while it dissipates. CONCLUSION This research clarifies the characteristics of radiation fields associated with biophotons on the basis of Hamiltonian dynamics which describes phenomenological aspects of biophotons signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
| | - Daeyeoul Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Yuseong-daero 1689-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Salah Menouar
- Laboratory of Optoelectronics and Compounds, Departement of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif, Setif, Algeria
| | - Ramazan Sever
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Sebawe Abdalla
- Mathematics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lakehal H, Maamache M, Choi JR. Novel quantum description for nonadiabatic evolution of light wave propagation in time-dependent linear media. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19860. [PMID: 26847267 PMCID: PMC4742840 DOI: 10.1038/srep19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple elegant expression of nonadiabatic light wave evolution is necessary in order to have a deeper insight for complicated optical phenomena in light science as well as in everyday life. Light wave propagation in linear media which have time-dependent electromagnetic parameters is investigated by utilizing a quadratic invariant of the system. The time behavior of the nonadiabatic geometric phase of the waves that yield a cyclic nonadiabatic evolution is analyzed in detail. Various quantum properties of light waves in this situation, such as variances of electric and magnetic fields, uncertainty product, coherent and squeezed states, and their classical limits, are developed. For better understanding of our research, we applied our analysis in a particular case. The variances of the fields D and B are illustrated and their time behaviors are addressed. Equivalent results for the corresponding classical systems are deduced from the study of the time evolution of the appropriate coherent and squeezed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Lakehal
- Laboratoire de Physique Quantique et Systèmes Dynamiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Maamache
- Laboratoire de Physique Quantique et Systèmes Dynamiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Buk-gu, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea
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Park OJ, Park GH, Choi JR, Jung HJ, Oh ES, Choi JH, Lee MW, Chang SE. A combination of excimer laser treatment and topical tacrolimus is more effective in treating vitiligo than either therapy alone for the initial 6 months, but not thereafter. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:236-41. [PMID: 26299799 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are insufficient data on the long-term outcome of a combination therapy that comprises phototherapy and topical administration of tacrolimus. AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy according to the duration of treatment and in vitro results of a combination therapy involving topical tacrolimus and an excimer laser in the treatment of vitiligo. METHODS In total, 276 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo were treated with an excimer laser twice weekly, or with tacrolimus ointment twice daily, or both. The melanin contents and levels of melanogenic enzymes were measured in cultured human melanocytes treated with tacrolimus and/or excimer laser. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the combination of tacrolimus plus excimer laser was significantly more effective than either tacrolimus or excimer laser alone (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) for the first 6 months. However, this superiority was not observed after the initial 6 months of treatment. In vitro, the combination of tacrolimus plus excimer laser led to a higher level of melanogenesis than with either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS A combination treatment with topical tacrolimus and an excimer laser may be useful as an induction therapy for up to 6 months, but continuation of this therapy for > 6 months might not provide a better final outcome than monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-H Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - J R Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S E Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Nonextensive dynamics for a quantum dissipative system described by a Caldirola-Kanai (CK) Hamiltonian is investigated in SU(1,1) coherent states. To see the effects of nonextensivity, the system is generalized through a modification fulfilled by replacing the ordinary exponential function in the standard CK Hamiltonian with the q-exponential function. We confirmed that the time behavior of the system is somewhat different depending on the value of q which is the degree of nonextensivity. The effects of q on quantum energy dissipation and other parameters are illustrated and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Yeongsong-ro 15, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-722, Republic of Korea
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Betrouche M, Maamache M, Choi JR. Novel characteristics of energy spectrum for 3D Dirac oscillator analyzed via Lorentz covariant deformed algebra. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3221. [PMID: 24225900 PMCID: PMC3827607 DOI: 10.1038/srep03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the Lorentz-covariant deformed algebra for Dirac oscillator problem, which is a generalization of Kempf deformed algebra in 3 + 1 dimension of space-time, where Lorentz symmetry are preserved. The energy spectrum of the system is analyzed by taking advantage of the corresponding wave functions with explicit spin state. We obtained entirely new results from our development based on Kempf algebra in comparison to the studies carried out with the non-Lorentz-covariant deformed one. A novel result of this research is that the quantized relativistic energy of the system in the presence of minimal length cannot grow indefinitely as quantum number n increases, but converges to a finite value, where c is the speed of light and β is a parameter that determines the scale of noncommutativity in space. If we consider the fact that the energy levels of ordinary oscillator is equally spaced, which leads to monotonic growth of quantized energy with the increment of n, this result is very interesting. The physical meaning of this consequence is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Betrouche
- Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique (lpmps), Départment de Physique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
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Ki MK, Jeoung MH, Choi JR, Rho SS, Kwon YG, Shim H, Chung J, Hong HJ, Song BD, Lee S. Human antibodies targeting the C-type lectin-like domain of the tumor endothelial cell marker clec14a regulate angiogenic properties in vitro. Oncogene 2013; 32:5449-57. [PMID: 23644659 PMCID: PMC3898107 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that clec14a may be involved in tumor angiogenesis. However, a molecular mechanism has not been clearly identified. In this study, we show for the first time that C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of clec14a may be important for regulating cell migration and filopodia formation. Using phage display technology, recombinant human antibodies specific to the CTLDs of human and mouse clec14a (clec14a-CTLD (immunoglobulin G) IgG) were selected. Functional assays using the antibodies showed that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically blocked endothelial cell migration and tube formation without affecting cell viability or activation. Further, clec14a-CTLD IgGs inhibited clec14a-mediated cell–cell contact by blocking interaction between CTLDs. Finally, clec14a cross-linking by the clec14a-CTLD IgGs significantly downregulated clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells. These results strongly suggest that the clec14a-CTLD may be a key domain in angiogenesis, and that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically inhibit angiogenesis by modulating CTLD-mediated cell interactions and clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
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Choi JR, Choi BJ, Kim HD. Displacing, squeezing, and time evolution of quantum states for nanoelectronic circuits. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:30. [PMID: 23320631 PMCID: PMC3654897 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
: The time behavior of DSN (displaced squeezed number state) for a two-dimensional electronic circuit composed of nanoscale elements is investigated using unitary transformation approach. The original Hamiltonian of the system is somewhat complicated. However, through unitary transformation, the Hamiltonian became very simple enough that we can easily treat it. By executing inverse transformation for the wave function obtained in the transformed system, we derived the exact wave function associated to the DSN in the original system. The time evolution of the DSN is described in detail, and its corresponding probability density is illustrated. We confirmed that the probability density oscillates with time like that of a classical state. There are two factors that drive the probability density to oscillate: One is the initial amplitude of complementary functions, and the other is the external power source. The oscillation associated with the initial amplitude gradually disappears with time due to the dissipation raised by resistances of the system. These analyses exactly coincide with those obtained from classical state. The characteristics of quantum fluctuations and uncertainty relations for charges and currents are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ryeol Choi
- Department of Radiologic TechnologyDaegu Health College, , Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jae Choi
- School of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringDaegu University, , Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Deok Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Chung SW, Kim S, Choi JR, Yoo TH, Cha IH. Osteolytic mandible presenting as an initial manifestation of an adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 40:1438-40. [PMID: 21723711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A case of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is reported. A 35-year-old male presented with an osteolytic lesion of the mandible. There was no definitive involvement in other craniofacial bones. A panoramic radiograph taken 4 months previously showed no bony involvement. A complete blood count showed a slightly decreased red blood cell count, but normal white blood cell count, white blood cell differential count and platelet count. Routine chemistry revealed hypercalcemia with an increased level of parathyroid hormone-related protein. Histopathological examination of bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, South Korea
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Kim J, Song J, Lyu CJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Choi YC, Yoo JH, Choi JR, Kim H, Lee KA. Population-specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect. Clin Genet 2011; 82:180-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park HJ, Song KS, Nah BM, Choi JR, Kim MJ. Homozygous type I Protein C deficiency in neonatal purpura fulminans with a novel frame-shift deletion of 10 base pairs in exon 8 of PROC gene. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:593-5. [PMID: 15748260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song KS, Choi JR, Kim HK, Gee SH, Shim WH. Presence of 844ins68 in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Asians (Koreans). Thromb Haemost 2001; 86:1130. [PMID: 11686344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
"13q-"syndrome is known to have widely variable manifestations, including retinoblastoma, mental & growth retardation, malformation of brain & heart, anal atresia, and anomalies of the face and limbs. Here we report a case of del(13)(q22) with multiple major congenital anomalies for the first time in Korea. The patient was born at 36(+4) weeks of pregnancy by caesarian section. Birth weight was 1490g. On examination the following features were noted: - imperforate anus, ambiguous genitalia (bifid scrotum, penoscrotal transposition, hypospadia), syndactyly of toes, absence of thumbs, abnormal facies (dolichocephaly, telecanthus, large low set ears, saddle nose, high arched palate, micrognathia). Neurocranial ultrasonography showed atrophy of the corpus callosum and multiple calcifications. He died at 14 days. Post-mortem autopsy findings showed cholestasis and fatty metamorphosis of liver, abnormal lobulation (Rt:2, Lt:1) and lymphangiectasis of the lung, VSD, ASD, PDA of heart, and acute tubular necrosis of kidney. Cytogenetic studies was confirmed to 46,XY,del(13) (q22) by Giemsa banded chromosomes from peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Chung
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Inchon 402-751, Korea.
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43
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Simon M, Boiselle PM, Choi JR, Rosen MP, Reynolds K, Raptopoulos V. Paddle-wheel CT display of pulmonary arteries and other lung structures: a new imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177:195-8. [PMID: 11418425 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.177.1.1770195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Simon
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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44
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Song KS, Song JW, Choi JR, Kim HK, Shin JS, Kim JH. Homozygous VN (677C to T) and d/D (2756G to A) variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate and methionine synthase genes in a case of hyperhomocysteinemia with stroke at young age. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:106-9. [PMID: 11460881 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is known to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and venous thrombosis. Gene polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MS) may account for reduced enzyme activity and hyperhomocysteinemia. A recent study has documented evidence of polygenic regulation of plasma homocyteine. We report here on a case of occlusive stroke at young age and hyperhomocysteinemia with homozygous VN (677C to T) variant in the MTHFR gene as well as homozygous D/D (2756G to A) variant in the MS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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45
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Abstract
Protein C is a vitamin K dependent serine protease zymogen, which has a regulatory influence over the coagulation cascade via the inhibition of factors Va and VIIIa. Hereditary protein C deficiency is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease. A multitude of families displaying protein C (PROC) gene defects have been reported, and a number of DNA sequence polymorphisms are known to occur in the PROC gene. We have identified a previously undescribed silent substitution (C8516T) by direct DNA sequencing in a Korean patient with thrombosis and protein C deficiency. In addition, a rare T allelic frequency (0.016) was determined in 123 patients with acquired or hereditary protein C deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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46
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Jeong LS, Moon HR, Hong JH, Yoo SJ, Choi WJ, Kim HO, Ahn HS, Baek HW, Chun MW, Kim HD, Kim J, Choi JR. Structure-activity relationships of apio nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:657-60. [PMID: 11563085 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several types of novel apio nucleosides were synthesized starting from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and evaluated for antiviral activity. Among compounds tested, amino substituted apio dideoxynucleosides exhibited anti-HBV activity, while thioapio dideoxynucleosides were found to be active against HIV-1. Apio dideoxydidehydro nucleosides showed moderate to potent anti-HCMV activity, but their bioisosteric thioapio dideoxydidehydro nucleosides did not exhibit any significant antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Chung YJ, Choi JR, Park SW, Kim KM, Rhyu MG. Evidence for two modes of allelic loss: multifocal analysis on both early and advanced gastric carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2001; 438:31-8. [PMID: 11213833 DOI: 10.1007/s004280000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To assess the extent and the timing of allelic loss required for the progression of gastric carcinoma, the intratumoral distribution of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was compared in early and advanced tumors: early loss is uniformly observed in all tumor areas and late loss is localized in parts of tumor tissue. Tumor sites (167 sites) obtained from 42 gastric carcinoma tissues (26 advanced cancers and 16 early cancers) were examined for LOH on chromosomes 5q, 9p, 13q, 17p, and 18q. By using two or three microsatellite markers for each chromosome arm, it was shown that of 29 tumors showing LOH in at least one tumor site, 15 (51.7%, 12 advanced and three early cancers) harbored multiple losses on three or more chromosome arms, and 89.4% (84 of 94) of these losses was uniformly found in all tumor sites tested. In the remaining 14 tumors (48.3%, eight advanced and six early tumors) with sporadic losses on one or two chromosome arms, 44% (11 of 25) of the losses were commonly shared among the sites tested. Such marked difference (P<0.001, Fisher's exact test) in the intratumoral distribution of multiple and sporadic LOH patterns proposes two distinct LOH subtypes: multiple losses (high LOH), occurring at an early stage with a few additional losses, and sporadic losses (low LOH), taking place relatively late during tumor progression. The multifocal LOH findings imply that, rather than being gradual, the allelic losses take place in two manners that are already determined at an early stage.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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48
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Abstract
Luteoma of pregnancy is a rare nonneoplastic tumor-like mass of the ovary that emerges during pregnancy and regresses spontaneously after delivery. It is usually asymptomatic and is found incidentally during a cesarean section or postpartum tubal ligation. However, luteomas can be hormonally active, with production of androgens resulting in maternal and fetal hirsutism and virilization. Less than 200 cases have been described in the literature, and none in radiologic journals. Recognition of this entity is important so that unnecessary oophorectomy, with concomitant risk to both the patient and the fetus, is avoided. In this report, we describe two cases of luteoma of pregnancy. The first case documents sequential ultrasonographic demonstration of a presumed luteoma of pregnancy in a patient who was seen with hirsutism during a second trimester pregnancy. The luteoma, serum androgen levels, and patient's condition improved after delivery. This case is unique in that although the mass significantly decreased in size post partum, it continued to be visualized 14 months post partum. The second case illustrates the pronounced cystic appearance that these classically described solid lesions can demonstrate because of extensive necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Choi
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Abstract
Microsatellite alterations such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are observed in most (70% to 80%) gastric carcinomas. To determine whether the microsatellite genotypes are correlated with clinicopathological features, 118 patients with gastric carcinomas were examined by using polymorphic microsatellite markers for LOH on 5 gastric cancer-associated chromosome arms and non-polymorphic BAT markers for MSI. Microsatellite genotypes were categorized as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), high-level LOH (LOH-H), low-level LOH (LOH-L) and LOH non-detectable (LOH-N). A significant fraction of the MSI-H, LOH-H and LOH-L types was observed in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas, whereas the LOH-N type was highly associated with diffuse-type tumors (p = 0.00162). There was a close relationship between microsatellite genotype and TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage (p = 0. 001). Univariate analysis showed that patients of LOH-H or LOH-N types and those of MSI-H or LOH-L types correlated with poor and favorable survival, respectively, not only in all tumor stages (p = 0.0001) but also in stages II and III (p = 0.0271). It is likely that the major genotypes of gastric carcinomas can be placed into at least 4 microsatellite categories, thus allowing the construction of a comprehensive genetic classification useful for the prediction of diverse clinical courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Abstract
Microsatellite alterations such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are observed in most (70% to 80%) gastric carcinomas. To determine whether the microsatellite genotypes are correlated with clinicopathological features, 118 patients with gastric carcinomas were examined by using polymorphic microsatellite markers for LOH on 5 gastric cancer-associated chromosome arms and non-polymorphic BAT markers for MSI. Microsatellite genotypes were categorized as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), high-level LOH (LOH-H), low-level LOH (LOH-L) and LOH non-detectable (LOH-N). A significant fraction of the MSI-H, LOH-H and LOH-L types was observed in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas, whereas the LOH-N type was highly associated with diffuse-type tumors (p = 0.00162). There was a close relationship between microsatellite genotype and TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage (p = 0. 001). Univariate analysis showed that patients of LOH-H or LOH-N types and those of MSI-H or LOH-L types correlated with poor and favorable survival, respectively, not only in all tumor stages (p = 0.0001) but also in stages II and III (p = 0.0271). It is likely that the major genotypes of gastric carcinomas can be placed into at least 4 microsatellite categories, thus allowing the construction of a comprehensive genetic classification useful for the prediction of diverse clinical courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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