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Wallbank G, Voukelatos A, Taki S, Hughes JK, Gammack S, Pokhrel R, Bedford K, Simone L, Wen LM. Health promotion programs for middle-aged adults that promote physical activity or healthy eating and involve local governments and health services: A rapid review. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:825-841. [PMID: 36815679 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases can be prevented or delayed through health promotion programs. Little is known about programs delivered by partnership organisations that address lifestyle behaviours. The study's purpose was to review the literature on physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs, delivered in partnership by the local government and local health services, to describe characteristics of programs and their impact on physical activity, healthy eating or related health outcomes among middle-aged adults. METHODS This rapid review was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022, informed by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods guidance for conducting rapid reviews. Articles published in English since 2000 were identified in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine and Scopus databases. A narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Ten articles involving 19 802 participants were identified from a total of 4847 articles identified from the search. The primary role of the partnership was providing funds. Other roles were facilitating stakeholder involvement, program development, delivery and recruitment. Positive outcomes were likely if programs were developed by collaborative stakeholder partnerships, informed by previous research or a behaviour change framework. The heterogeneity of study designs and reported outcomes did not permit meta-analysis. CONCLUSION This review highlights the lack of evidence of local government-health service partnerships delivering physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs for middle-aged adults. Programs designed collaboratively with an evidence base or a theory base are recommended and can guide future work investigating strategies for partnership development. SO WHAT?: Physical activity or healthy eating health promotion programs need early stakeholder collaborative input designed with a theory/evidence base. This can guide future work for investigating strategies for partnership development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Wallbank
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Voukelatos
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica K Hughes
- The University of Sydney Library, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Gammack
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruby Pokhrel
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Simone
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yang JA, Hughes JK, Parra RA, Volk KM, Kauffman AS. Stress rapidly suppresses in vivo LH pulses and increases activation of RFRP-3 neurons in male mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:339-350. [PMID: 30382693 PMCID: PMC6214202 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Restraint stress is a psychosocial stressor that suppresses reproductive status, including LH pulsatile secretion, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying this inhibition remains unclear. Reproductive neural populations upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and RFRP-3 (GnIH) neurons, are possible targets for psychosocial stress to inhibit LH pulses, but this has not been well examined, especially in mice in which prior technical limitations prevented assessment of in vivo LH pulse secretion dynamics. Here, we examined whether one-time acute restraint stress alters in vivo LH pulsatility and reproductive neural populations in male mice, and what the time-course is for such alterations. We found that endogenous LH pulses in castrated male mice are robustly and rapidly suppressed by one-time, acute restraint stress, with suppression observed as quickly as 12–18 min. This rapid LH suppression parallels with increased in vivo corticosterone levels within 15 min of restraint stress. Although Kiss1, Tac2 and Rfrp gene expression in the hypothalamus did not significantly change after 90 or 180 min restraint stress, arcuate Kiss1 neural activation was significantly decreased after 180 min. Interestingly, hypothalamic Rfrp neuronal activation was strongly increased at early times after restraint stress initiation, but was attenuated to levels lower than controls by 180 min of restraint stress. Thus, the male neuroendocrine reproductive axis is quite sensitive to short-term stress exposure, with significantly decreased pulsatile LH secretion and increased hypothalamic Rfrp neuronal activation occurring rapidly, within minutes, and decreased Kiss1 neuronal activation also occurring after longer stress durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jessica K. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ruby A. Parra
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katrina M. Volk
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | - Alexander S. Kauffman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Yang JA, Song CI, Hughes JK, Kreisman MJ, Parra RA, Haisenleder DJ, Kauffman AS, Breen KM. Acute Psychosocial Stress Inhibits LH Pulsatility and Kiss1 Neuronal Activation in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3716-3723. [PMID: 28973125 PMCID: PMC5695836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress, such as isolation and restraint, disrupts reproductive neuroendocrine activity. Here we investigate the impact of psychosocial stress on luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses and gene expression and neuronal activation within Rfrp and Kiss1 cells in female mice. Mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and handled daily to habituate to the tail-tip blood collection procedure. Blood was collected every 5 minutes for 180 minutes for measurement of LH. After 90 minutes, stress animals were placed into restraint devices and isolated to new cages. No-stress control animals remained in their home cages. LH pulses occurred at regular intervals during the entire 180-minute sampling period in controls. In contrast, stress induced a rapid and robust suppression of pulsatile LH secretion. Stress reduced the frequency of pulses by 60% and diminished basal LH levels by 40%; pulse amplitude was unaffected. In a separate cohort of OVX females, brains were collected after 45, 90, or 180 minutes of stress or in no-stress controls. At all time points, stress induced a potent decrease in arcuate Kiss1 neuronal activation, using cfos induction as a marker, with a 50% to 60% suppression vs control levels, whereas Rfrp and cfos coexpression in the dorsal-medial nucleus was elevated after 45 minutes of stress. Although arcuate Kiss1 gene expression remained stable, Rfrp expression was elevated 20% after 180 minutes of stress. These findings demonstrate rapid suppression of LH pulsatile secretion by psychosocial stress, associated with reduced cfos induction in Kiss1 neurons and time-dependent increases in Rfrp neuronal activation and messenger RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Christopher I. Song
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jessica K. Hughes
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael J. Kreisman
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ruby A. Parra
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Daniel J. Haisenleder
- Center for Research in Reproduction, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Alexander S. Kauffman
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Kellie M. Breen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
- Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
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Hughes JK, Mendelsohn D. Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in 'normal' individuals, those with familial hypercholesterolaemia, and those with coronary artery disease. S Afr Med J 1990; 78:567-70. [PMID: 2147299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein (Lp)(a) represents a quantitative genetic trait. Elevated Lp(a) levels (greater than 25-30 mg/dl) have been linked epidemiologically to cardiovascular disease. A high Lp(a) level seems to be an additional independent risk factor for the accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, although the exact mechanism involved is not yet known. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have also been shown to have elevated Lp(a) levels, but again the reason for this is unclear. A preliminary investigation of serum Lp(a) levels in 30 apparently healthy individuals, 38 FH patients and 34 individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) was conducted. Lp(a) levels were distributed over a wide range, varying from barely detectable to above 84.0 mg/dl. A greater incidence of elevated Lp(a) levels (greater than 30 mg/dl) was found in both the FH group (71%) and the CAD group (41%) compared with 'normal' individuals (30%). Analysis of the circulating Lp(a) level may be useful in determining an individual's long-term risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hughes
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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Checkley DR, Zhu XP, Hickey DS, Hughes JK, Carter JB, Isherwood I. A method for increasing the resolution of scanned projection radiography and other digital X-ray systems. Br J Radiol 1986; 59:365-71. [PMID: 3697614 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-59-700-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for increasing the sampling frequency of digital X-ray systems is described. The method employs discrete, stepwise magnetic deflection of the focal spot and the recombination of the resulting displaced images. The technique was applied to a GE CT/T 8800 scanner operating in "Scout View" mode. The hardware and software modifications were minor. The transverse resolution was shown to improve from 0.63 to 0.9 line pairs per mm, using a test phantom. The effect of the improvement in resolution is also illustrated in the human. The possibility of further improving the resolution of the system is discussed.
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