1
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Ong LJY, Chia S, Wong SQR, Zhang X, Chua H, Loo JM, Chua WY, Chua C, Tan E, Hentze H, Tan IB, DasGupta R, Toh YC. A comparative study of tumour-on-chip models with patient-derived xenografts for predicting chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:952726. [PMID: 36147524 PMCID: PMC9488115 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-patient and intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) have prompted the need for a more personalised approach to cancer therapy. Although patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models can generate drug response specific to patients, they are not sustainable in terms of cost and time and have limited scalability. Tumour Organ-on-Chip (OoC) models are in vitro alternatives that can recapitulate some aspects of the 3D tumour microenvironment and can be scaled up for drug screening. While many tumour OoC systems have been developed to date, there have been limited validation studies to ascertain whether drug responses obtained from tumour OoCs are comparable to those predicted from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In this study, we established a multiplexed tumour OoC device, that consists of an 8 × 4 array (32-plex) of culture chamber coupled to a concentration gradient generator. The device enabled perfusion culture of primary PDX-derived tumour spheroids to obtain dose-dependent response of 5 distinct standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapeutic drugs for 3 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The in vitro efficacies of the chemotherapeutic drugs were rank-ordered for individual patients and compared to the in vivo efficacy obtained from matched PDX models. We show that quantitative correlation analysis between the drug efficacies predicted via the microfluidic perfusion culture is predictive of response in animal PDX models. This is a first study showing a comparative framework to quantitatively correlate the drug response predictions made by a microfluidic tumour organ-on-chip (OoC) model with that of PDX animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jun Ye Ong
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shumei Chia
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Qi Rong Wong
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huiwen Chua
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yong Chua
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Chua
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emile Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannes Hentze
- Experimental, Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ramanuj DasGupta, ; Yi-Chin Toh,
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ramanuj DasGupta, ; Yi-Chin Toh,
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2
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Joanito I, Wirapati P, Zhao N, Nawaz Z, Yeo G, Lee F, Eng CLP, Macalinao DC, Kahraman M, Srinivasan H, Lakshmanan V, Verbandt S, Tsantoulis P, Gunn N, Venkatesh PN, Poh ZW, Nahar R, Oh HLJ, Loo JM, Chia S, Cheow LF, Cheruba E, Wong MT, Kua L, Chua C, Nguyen A, Golovan J, Gan A, Lim WJ, Guo YA, Yap CK, Tay B, Hong Y, Chong DQ, Chok AY, Park WY, Han S, Chang MH, Seow-En I, Fu C, Mathew R, Toh EL, Hong LZ, Skanderup AJ, DasGupta R, Ong CAJ, Lim KH, Tan EKW, Koo SL, Leow WQ, Tejpar S, Prabhakar S, Tan IB. Single-cell and bulk transcriptome sequencing identifies two epithelial tumor cell states and refines the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2022; 54:963-975. [PMID: 35773407 PMCID: PMC9279158 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of colorectal cancer is based on bulk transcriptomics. The underlying epithelial cell diversity remains unclear. We analyzed 373,058 single-cell transcriptomes from 63 patients, focusing on 49,155 epithelial cells. We identified a pervasive genetic and transcriptomic dichotomy of malignant cells, based on distinct gene expression, DNA copy number and gene regulatory network. We recapitulated these subtypes in bulk transcriptomes from 3,614 patients. The two intrinsic subtypes, iCMS2 and iCMS3, refine CMS. iCMS3 comprises microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) cancers and one-third of microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. iCMS3 MSS cancers are transcriptomically more similar to MSI-H cancers than to other MSS cancers. CMS4 cancers had either iCMS2 or iCMS3 epithelium; the latter had the worst prognosis. We defined the intrinsic epithelial axis of colorectal cancer and propose a refined ‘IMF’ classification with five subtypes, combining intrinsic epithelial subtype (I), microsatellite instability status (M) and fibrosis (F). A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 63 patients with colorectal cancer classifies tumor cells into two epithelial subtypes. An improved tumor classification based on epithelial subtype, microsatellite stability and fibrosis reveals differences in pathway activation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasius Joanito
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pratyaksha Wirapati
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Zhao
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zahid Nawaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Yeo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine L P Eng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Merve Kahraman
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sara Verbandt
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gunn
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasanna Nori Venkatesh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhong Wee Poh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Nahar
- MSD International GmbH (Singapore Branch), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jia Min Loo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shumei Chia
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Elsie Cheruba
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lindsay Kua
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Anna Gan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Jun Lim
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Amanda Guo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kong Yap
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Tay
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawn Qingqing Chong
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aik-Yong Chok
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shuting Han
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Huan Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isaac Seow-En
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherylin Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronnie Mathew
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Toh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,EL Toh Colorectal & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lewis Z Hong
- MSD International GmbH (Singapore Branch), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anders Jacobsen Skanderup
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann Johnny Ong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emile K W Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Moy RH, Nguyen A, Loo JM, Yamaguchi N, Kajba CM, Santhanam B, Ostendorf BN, Wu YG, Tavazoie S, Tavazoie SF. Functional genetic screen identifies ITPR3/calcium/RELB axis as a driver of colorectal cancer metastatic liver colonization. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1146-1159.e7. [PMID: 35487218 PMCID: PMC9446818 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colonization is the primary cause of death from colorectal cancer (CRC). We employed genome-scale in vivo short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening and validation to identify 26 promoters of CRC liver colonization. Among these genes, we identified a cluster that contains multiple targetable genes, including ITPR3, which promoted liver-metastatic colonization and elicited similar downstream gene expression programs. ITPR3 is a caffeine-sensitive inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor that releases calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum and enhanced metastatic colonization by inducing expression of RELB, a transcription factor that is associated with non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Genetic, cell biological, pharmacologic, and clinical association studies revealed that ITPR3 and RELB drive CRC colony formation by promoting cell survival upon substratum detachment or hypoxic exposure. RELB was sufficient to drive colonization downstream of ITPR3. Our findings implicate the ITPR3/calcium/RELB axis in CRC metastatic colony formation and uncover multiple clinico-pathologically associated targetable proteins as drivers of CRC metastatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Moy
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina M Kajba
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Balaji Santhanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Benjamin N Ostendorf
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Y Gloria Wu
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saeed Tavazoie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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4
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Kurth I, Yamaguchi N, Andreu-Agullo C, Tian HS, Sridhar S, Takeda S, Gonsalves FC, Loo JM, Barlas A, Manova-Todorova K, Busby R, Bendell JC, Strauss J, Fakih M, McRee AJ, Hendifar AE, Rosen LS, Cercek A, Wasserman R, Szarek M, Spector SL, Raza S, Tavazoie MF, Tavazoie SF. Therapeutic targeting of SLC6A8 creatine transporter suppresses colon cancer progression and modulates human creatine levels. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabi7511. [PMID: 34613776 PMCID: PMC8494442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Creatine metabolism was previously shown to critically regulate colon cancer progression. We report that RGX-202, an oral small-molecule SLC6A8 transporter inhibitor, robustly inhibits creatine import in vitro and in vivo, reduces intracellular phosphocreatine and ATP levels, and induces tumor apoptosis. RGX-202 suppressed CRC growth across KRAS wild-type and KRAS mutant xenograft, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Antitumor efficacy correlated with tumoral expression of creatine kinase B. Combining RGX-202 with 5-fluorouracil or the DHODH inhibitor leflunomide caused regressions of multiple colorectal xenograft and PDX tumors of distinct mutational backgrounds. RGX-202 also perturbed creatine metabolism in patients with metastatic CRC in a phase 1 trial, mirroring pharmacodynamic effects on creatine metabolism observed in mice. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of preclinical and human pharmacodynamic activity for creatine metabolism targeting in oncology, thus revealing a critical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kurth
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Helen S. Tian
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Tumor Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Robert Busby
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johanna C. Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 250 25th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - James Strauss
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research, Building C, 7777 Forest Ln #707, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Marwan Fakih
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Autumn J. McRee
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew E. Hendifar
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lee S. Rosen
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Michael Szarek
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | - Syed Raza
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sohail F. Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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5
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Low HB, Wong ZL, Wu B, Kong LR, Png CW, Cho YL, Li CW, Xiao F, Xin X, Yang H, Loo JM, Lee FYX, Tan IBH, DasGupta R, Shen HM, Schwarz H, Gascoigne NRJ, Goh BC, Xu X, Zhang Y. DUSP16 promotes cancer chemoresistance through regulation of mitochondria-mediated cell death. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2284. [PMID: 33863904 PMCID: PMC8052345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of most human tumors. In this study, we find that dual-specificity phosphatase 16 (DUSP16) regulates resistance to chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric and breast cancer. Cancer cells expressing higher DUSP16 are intrinsically more resistant to chemotherapy-induced cell death than cells with lower DUSP16 expression. Overexpression of DUSP16 in cancer cells leads to increased resistance to cell death upon chemotherapy treatment. In contrast, knockdown of DUSP16 in cancer cells increases their sensitivity to treatment. Mechanistically, DUSP16 inhibits JNK and p38 activation, thereby reducing BAX accumulation in mitochondria to reduce apoptosis. Analysis of patient survival in head & neck cancer and breast cancer patient cohorts supports DUSP16 as a marker for sensitivity to chemotherapy and therapeutic outcome. This study therefore identifies DUSP16 as a prognostic marker for the efficacy of chemotherapy, and as a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Boon Low
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Lim Wong
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.411527.40000 0004 0610 111XCollege of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan China
| | - Li Ren Kong
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Lam Cho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Wei Li
- grid.412615.5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Xiao
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Loo
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*Star), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Yi Xin Lee
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*Star), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.440782.d0000 0004 0507 018XDepartment of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Yamaguchi N, Weinberg EM, Nguyen A, Liberti MV, Goodarzi H, Janjigian YY, Paty PB, Saltz LB, Kingham TP, Loo JM, de Stanchina E, Tavazoie SF. PCK1 and DHODH drive colorectal cancer liver metastatic colonization and hypoxic growth by promoting nucleotide synthesis. eLife 2019; 8:e52135. [PMID: 31841108 PMCID: PMC7299340 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of human death. Mortality is primarily due to metastatic organ colonization, with the liver being the main organ affected. We modeled metastatic CRC (mCRC) liver colonization using patient-derived primary and metastatic tumor xenografts (PDX). Such PDX modeling predicted patient survival outcomes. In vivo selection of multiple PDXs for enhanced metastatic colonization capacity upregulated the gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1, which enhanced liver metastatic growth by driving pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis under hypoxia. Consistently, highly metastatic tumors upregulated multiple pyrimidine biosynthesis intermediary metabolites. Therapeutic inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme DHODH with leflunomide substantially impaired CRC liver metastatic colonization and hypoxic growth. Our findings provide a potential mechanistic basis for the epidemiologic association of anti-gluconeogenic drugs with improved CRC metastasis outcomes, reveal the exploitation of a gluconeogenesis enzyme for pyrimidine biosynthesis under hypoxia, and implicate DHODH and PCK1 as metabolic therapeutic targets in CRC metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ethan M Weinberg
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Maria V Liberti
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philip B Paty
- Colorectal ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Gastrointestinal Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Hepatopancreatobiliary ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core FacilityMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer BiologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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Kurth I, Andreu C, Takeda S, Tian H, Gonsalves F, Leites K, Sridhar S, Loo JM, Busby R, Tavazoie S, Tavazoie M. Abstract 5863: RGX-202, a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of the creatine transporter SLC6a8, is a robust suppressor of cancer growth and metastatic progression. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide with more than 140,000 patients diagnosed and nearly 50,000 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. Roughly 60% of patients present with locally advanced or distant metastatic disease, with the liver being a primary site of metastatic colonization. Creatine metabolism has been implicated in colon cancer progression and metastatic colonization of the liver. Metastatic colon cancer cells upregulate and release creatine kinase-B (CKB) into the extracellular space, where it phosphorylates creatine to generate the high-energy metabolite phosphocreatine. Phosphocreatine is imported via the creatine transporter SLC6a8. Intracellular phosphocreatine can be converted to ATP to fuel the survival of metastatic cancer cells within the hypoxic hepatic microenvironment. Consistent with this finding, genetic depletion of SLC6a8 in colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines significantly reduced liver colonization in mouse xenograft models.
Results: We herein demonstrate that the novel small molecule RGX-202 is a robust inhibitor of creatine uptake in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of RGX-202 induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells in vivo, and significantly suppressed colon cancer liver metastatic colonization and primary tumor growth, both in KRAS wild-type and KRAS mutant colon cancer cell lines as well as in human PDX mouse models. Using genetic studies, these effects were found to be dependent on tumoral expression of SLC6a8. In addition, combination treatment of the CT26 syngeneic colon cancer mouse model with 5-FU resulted in synergistic antitumor activity, with complete tumor regressions observed in more than 40% of treated mice. Similarly, combination treatment of the KPC syngeneic mouse model with gemcitabine significantly reduced the growth of primary pancreatic tumors. Definitive 28-day GLP toxicology and pharmacokinetics studies of RGX-202 are currently ongoing. Preliminary observations suggest good tolerability in several animal species with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, including bioavailability.
Conclusion: These results strongly support clinical development of RGX-202 in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal and pancreatic cancer, both as monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care treatment.
Citation Format: Isabel Kurth, Celia Andreu, Shugaku Takeda, Helen Tian, Foster Gonsalves, Katya Leites, Subhasree Sridhar, Jia Min Loo, Rob Busby, Sohail Tavazoie, Masoud Tavazoie. RGX-202, a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of the creatine transporter SLC6a8, is a robust suppressor of cancer growth and metastatic progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5863.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen Tian
- 2University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | | | | | | | - Jia Min Loo
- 3National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tan SQ, Lee Y, Lee FYX, Wang WW, Bok KX, Kua L, Lim WJ, Teo HM(V, Chia S, Loo JM, Yeo ESA, Tan WS, Toh EL, Chua C, Koo SL, Toh YC, Biswas SK, Toh HC, Dasgupta R, Tan IB. Ex vivo co-culture models for immunotherapy with patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and autologous patient colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si Qi Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunqin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ke Xin Bok
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lindsay Kua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Jun Lim
- National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shumei Chia
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugene Shen Ann Yeo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wah Siew Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Toh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Chua
- National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen A, Loo JM, Mital R, Weinberg EM, Man FY, Zeng Z, Paty PB, Saltz L, Janjigian YY, de Stanchina E, Tavazoie SF. PKLR promotes colorectal cancer liver colonization through induction of glutathione synthesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:681-94. [PMID: 26784545 PMCID: PMC4731165 DOI: 10.1172/jci83587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver is a major cause of cancer-related death; however, the genes and pathways that govern this metastatic colonization event remain poorly characterized. Here, using a large-scale in vivo RNAi screen, we identified liver and red blood cell pyruvate kinase (PKLR) as a driver of metastatic liver colonization. PKLR expression was increased in liver metastases as well as in primary colorectal tumors of patients with metastatic disease. Evaluation of a murine liver colonization model revealed that PKLR promotes cell survival in the tumor core during conditions of high cell density and oxygen deprivation by increasing glutathione, the primary endogenous antioxidant. PKLR negatively regulated the glycolytic activity of PKM2, the major pyruvate kinase isoenzyme known to regulate cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione is critical for metastasis, and we determined that the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis, GCLC, becomes overexpressed in patient liver metastases, promotes cell survival under hypoxic and cell-dense conditions, and mediates metastatic liver colonization. RNAi-mediated inhibition of glutathione synthesis impaired survival of multiple colon cancer cell lines, and pharmacological targeting of this metabolic pathway reduced colonization in a primary patient-derived xenograft model. Our findings highlight the impact of metabolic reprogramming within the niche as metastases progress and suggest clinical potential for targeting this pathway in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nguyen
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rohit Mital
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ethan M. Weinberg
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fung Ying Man
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Sohail F. Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Wang H, Liu B, Al-Aidaroos AQO, Shi H, Li L, Guo K, Li J, Tan BCP, Loo JM, Tang JP, Thura M, Zeng Q. Dual-faced SH3BGRL: oncogenic in mice, tumor suppressive in humans. Oncogene 2015; 35:3303-13. [PMID: 26455318 PMCID: PMC4929482 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant data supporting c-Src as a metastasis-promoting oncogene, activating mutations of c-Src are rare. This suggests that trans-interacting proteins may have a critical role in regulating c-Src activation. Here, we first report the discovery of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein (SH3BGRL), a novel c-Src activator in mice. Ectopic expression of murine SH3BGRL (mSH3BGRL) strongly promoted both tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis. Molecularly, mSH3BGRL specifically bound the inactive form of c-Src phosphorylated at Tyr527, promoting Tyr416 phosphorylation of c-Src and subsequent FAK-mediated activation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Targeting endogenous c-Src alone was sufficient to abolish mSH3BGRL-induced cancer metastasis in vivo. Unexpectedly, human SH3BGRL (hSH3BGRL) in turn suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis in nature. We attempted site-specific reversion of hSH3BGRL amino-acid sequence to mSH3BGRL and found V108A substitution sufficient to restore SH3BGRL function as a c-Src activator and metastasis promoter. Notably, the somatic mutation R76C of hSH3BGRL can similarly act as hSH3BGRL-V108A and mSH3BGRL in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our results uncover an evolutionarily controversial role of SH3BGRL in driving tumor metastasis through c-Src activation, and suggests that hSH3BGRL mutation status could be relevant to cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q O Al-Aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - H Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - K Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - J Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - B C P Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - J M Loo
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J P Tang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M Thura
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Q Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Loo JM, Scherl A, Nguyen A, Man FY, Weinberg E, Zeng Z, Saltz L, Paty PB, Tavazoie SF. Extracellular metabolic energetics can promote cancer progression. Cell 2015; 160:393-406. [PMID: 25601461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer primarily metastasizes to the liver and globally kills over 600,000 people annually. By functionally screening 661 microRNAs (miRNAs) in parallel during liver colonization, we have identified miR-551a and miR-483 as robust endogenous suppressors of liver colonization and metastasis. These miRNAs convergently target creatine kinase, brain-type (CKB), which phosphorylates the metabolite creatine, to generate phosphocreatine. CKB is released into the extracellular space by metastatic cells encountering hepatic hypoxia and catalyzes production of phosphocreatine, which is imported through the SLC6A8 transporter and used to generate ATP—fueling metastatic survival. Combinatorial therapeutic viral delivery of miR-551a and miR-483-5p through single-dose adeno-associated viral (AAV) delivery significantly suppressed colon cancer metastasis, as did CKB inhibition with a small-molecule inhibitor. Importantly, human liver metastases express higher CKB and SLC6A8 levels and reduced miR-551a/miR-483 levels relative to primary tumors. We identify the extracellular space as an important compartment for malignant energetic catalysis and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fung Ying Man
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ethan Weinberg
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhaoshi Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip B Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Wang H, Vardy LA, Tan CP, Loo JM, Guo K, Li J, Lim SG, Zhou J, Chng WJ, Ng SB, Li HX, Zeng Q. PCBP1 suppresses the translation of metastasis-associated PRL-3 phosphatase. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:52-62. [PMID: 20609352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3 is associated with the progression of diverse human cancers. We show that the overexpression of PRL-3 protein is not directly associated with its transcript levels, indicating the existence of an underlying posttranscriptional regulation. The 5' untranslanted region (UTR) of PRL-3 mRNA possesses triple GCCCAG motifs capable of suppressing mRNA translation through interaction with PolyC-RNA-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which retards PRL-3 mRNA transcript incorporation into polyribosomes. Overexpression of PCBP1 inhibits PRL-3 expression and inactivates AKT, whereas knockdown of PCBP1 causes upregulation of PRL-3 protein levels, activation of AKT, and promotion of tumorigenesis. An inverse correlation between protein levels of PRL-3 and PCBP1 in human primary cancers supports the clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihe Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
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13
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Teh CHL, Loh CC, Lam KKY, Loo JM, Yan T, Lim TM. Neuronal PAS domain protein 1 regulates tyrosine hydroxylase level in dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1762-73. [PMID: 17457889 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) are all synthesized from a common pathway in which tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter present in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain, where dysfunction of these neurons can lead to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Neuronal PAS domain protein 1 (NPAS1) was identified as one of the genes up-regulated during dopaminergic MN9D cell differentiation. We found that there was a corresponding decrease in TH level during MN9D differentiation. Overexpression and siRNA experiments revealed that NPAS1, in concert with ARNT, negatively regulates the expression of TH and that this regulation is mediated by a direct binding of NPAS1 on the TH promoter. Expression studies also confirmed a decrease in TH level in the ventral midbrain during mouse development, concomitant with an increase in NPAS1 level. These results suggest that NPAS1 plays a novel and important role in regulating TH level of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H L Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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