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Hui Z, Wang B, Liu Z, Wei J, Gan J, Landstrom M, Mu Y, Zang G. TGFβ-induced EN1 promotes tumor budding of adenoid cystic carcinoma in patient-derived organoid model. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1814-1827. [PMID: 38282121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and basal cell adenoma (BCA) share many histological characteristics and often need a differential diagnosis in clinical pathology. Recently, we found homeobox protein engrailed-1 (EN1) was a potential diagnostic marker for ACC in an organoids library of salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Here we aim to confirm EN1 as a differential diagnostic marker for ACC, and further investigate the regulatory mechanism and biological function of EN1 in tumor progression. The transcriptional analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were performed and revealed that EN1 was specifically and highly expressed in ACC, and accurately differentiated ACC from BCA. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling pathway was found associated with ACC, and the regulation of EN1 through TGFβ was detected in the human ACC cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). TGFβ-induced EN1 was important in promoting tumor budding in the PDOs model. Interestingly, a high level of EN1 and TGFβ1 in the budding tips was observed in ACC clinical samples, and the expression of EN1 and TGFβ1 in ACC was significantly associated with the clinical stage. In summary, our study verified EN1 is a good diagnostic marker to differentiate ACC from BCA. TGFβ-induced EN1 facilitates the tumor budding of ACC, which might be an important mechanism related to the malignant phenotype of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Hui
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jinhui Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jiaxing Gan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Marene Landstrom
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yabing Mu
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Guangxiang Zang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
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Soh RCC, Chen BZ, Hartono S, Lee MS, Lee W, Lim SL, Gan J, Maréchal B, Chan LL, Lo YL. The hindbrain and cortico-reticular pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e759-e766. [PMID: 38388254 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the corticoreticular pathway (CRP) in a case-control cohort of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients using high-resolution slice-accelerated readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to enhance the discrimination of small brainstem nuclei in comparison to automated whole-brain volumetry and tractography and their clinical correlates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four participants (16 AIS patients, 18 healthy controls) underwent clinical and orthopaedic assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T MRI machine. Automated whole-brain volume-based morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics analysis, and manual CRP tractography by two independent raters were performed. Intra-rater and inter-rater agreement of DTI metrics from CRP tractography were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Normalised structural brain volumes and DTI metrics were compared between groups using Student's t-tests. Linear correlation analysis between imaging parameters and clinical scores was also performed. RESULTS AIS patients demonstrated a significantly larger pons volume compared to controls (p=0.006). Significant inter-side CRP differences in mean (p=0.02) and axial diffusivity (p=0.01) were found in patients only. Asymmetry in CRP fractional anisotropy significantly correlated with the Cobb angle (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Relative pontine hypertrophy and asymmetry in CRP DTI metrics suggest central supranuclear inter-hemispheric imbalance in AIS, and support the role of the CRP in axial muscle tone. Longitudinal evaluation of CRP DTI metrics in the prediction of AIS progression may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C C Soh
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - B Z Chen
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Hartono
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - M S Lee
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - W Lee
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S L Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - J Gan
- Siemens Healthineers, Singapore
| | - B Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L L Chan
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Y L Lo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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Patel V, Patel J, Gan J, Rahiminejad M, Preston R, Mak SM, Benedetti G. Reporting of coronary artery calcification on chest CT studies in patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e532-e538. [PMID: 38242805 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the thorax in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), assess consistency of CAC reporting and assess incidence of subsequent cardiac events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with known interstitial lung disease who underwent a CT thorax over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of CAC was assessed using a visual scale for CAC reporting and graded as mild, moderate, or severe by two cardiothoracic radiologists. CT reports were reviewed to determine if presence of CAC had been described. Electronic medical records were reviewed for any subsequent cardiothoracic events from the date of the CT thorax to present. RESULTS 254 patients were included in the analysis (54.7% men; mean age 59.9 yo). 43.7% had CAC on their CT thorax; however, in 87.3% of those, reports did not comment on its presence. 8 patients had cardiac events; 7 of them had CAC on CT although only in 1 case this was reported. Global CAC and LAD CAC Patients with cardiac events had a significantly higher global CAC (p=0.016) and LAD CAC (p=0.048) when compared to patients without. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high prevalence of CAC in ILD patients and its significant association with adverse cardiac events. Unfortunately, CAC on CT thorax is still largely unreported. As per recent BSCI/BSCCT and BSTI guidelines, reporting of CAC should become part of routine practice, as may prompt prevention and impact on patients outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patel
- The Royal Marsden, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - J Patel
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Gan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Rahiminejad
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - R Preston
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S M Mak
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - G Benedetti
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Qi C, Zhao JH, Wei YR, Gan J, Wan Y, Wu N, Song L, Zhang Y, Liu ZG. [Observation on the efficacy of different targets low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of tremor-dominant subtypes of Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3112-3118. [PMID: 37840182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230629-01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of different targets low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of tremor Parkinson's disease(PD). Method: A total of 82 patients with primary PD who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were prospectively collected. According to the clinical characteristics of major movement disorders, 82 patients with tremor type (TD) were selected to enroll.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups at a 1∶1∶1 ratio according to the randomized coding sequence of the trial: the primary motor cortex (M1) group with 26 cases, the cerebellum group with 26 cases and the dual-site (M1, cerebellum) group with 30 cases. All patients were treated with 1 Hz low-frequency stimulation of the corresponding target once a day for 5 days a week for 2 weeks, a total of 10 times; The dosage remained unchanged during the treatment for all groups. Before and after 2 weeks' treatment, the patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and PD Quality of Life Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) without medication. Cortical excitability, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potential (TMS-MEP), [including resting motor threshold (rMT) and active motor threshold (aMT) examinations], timed up and go (TUG) and electromyographic tremor were conducted. Result: There were 82 patients, 39 males and 43 females, with an average age of (67±8) years. Before the treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation indicators among the three groups (all P>0.05). After the treatment, the differences of the UPDRS-Ⅲ score [(38.9±2.5) vs (29.2±3.6) ], UPDRS tremor score [(23.7±2.1) vs (14.6±3.1) ], TUG time [(44.8±3.1) s vs (33.7±4.1) s], tremor amplitude [(480±126) μV vs (276±94) μV], PDQ-39 score [(51±13) vs (45±13) ], rMT [(36±17)% vs (43±13)%], and aMT [(26±16)% vs (31±12)%] were statistically significant (all P<0.01) from those before the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the above factors between the M1 group and cerebellum group (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in tremor peak frequency among the three groups before and after the treatment (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Dual-site low-frequency rTMS can improve PD tremor, while M1 or cerebellar low-frequency rTMS does not significantly improve PD tremor. Its mechanism may be to improve PD tremor symptoms by regulating cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y R Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Gan J, Ji CF, Mao XR, Wang JT, Lyu CY, Shi YF, Liao Y, He YL, Shu L, Li L, Li JF. [Synchronization isolation method for multiple types of cells from mouse liver]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:532-537. [PMID: 37365031 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220827-00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore a simple and feasible method for the isolation and purification of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and lymphocytes from mice. Methods: The cell suspension was obtained from male C57bl/6 mice by hepatic perfusion through the portal vein digestion method and then isolated and purified by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. Trypan blue exclusion was used to determine cell viability. Glycogen staining, cytokeratin 18, and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify hepatic cells. Immunofluorescence was used to detect α-smooth muscle actin combined with desmin in HSCs. Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocyte subsets in the liver. Results: After isolation and purification, about 2.7×10(7) hepatocytes, 5.7×10(5) HSCS, and 4.6×106 hepatic mononuclear cells were obtained from the liver of mice with a body weight of about 22g. The cell survival rate in each group was > 95%. Hepatocytes were apparent in glycogen deposited purple-red granules and cytokeratin 18. Electron microscopy showed that there were abundant organelles in hepatocytes and tight junctions between cells. HSC had expressed α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Flow cytometry showed hepatic mononuclear cells, including lymphocyte subsets such as CD4, CD8, NKs, and NKTs. Conclusion: The hepatic perfusion through the portal vein digestion method can isolate multiple primary cells from the liver of mice at once and has the features of simplicity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C F Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X R Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J T Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C Y Lyu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y F Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Liao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y L He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L Shu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J F Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Boucher E, Gan J, Shepperd S, Pendlebury ST. 1332 PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES OF FRAILTY IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH UNPLANNED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Guidelines recommend screening for frailty in all hospitalised older adults to inform care, based mainly on studies in outpatient and speciality-specific settings. However, most hospital bed-days in older people are for acute, non-elective admissions to general medicine, for which the prevalence and prognostic value of frailty might differ. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review of frailty prevalence and outcomes in older people with unplanned hospital admissions.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to 30/04/2021 for observational studies using validated frailty measures in unplanned adult hospital-wide or general medicine admissions. We related frailty prevalence to measurement tool, setting and risk of bias (RoB). Relative risks (RR) for mortality, length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and readmission were pooled using random-effects models where appropriate, and area-under-the-ROC-curves calculated. Heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression. Dose-response effects were assessed with the Cochran-Armitage test.
Results
Among 38 cohorts (median/SD age=80/5 years; n=37,733,147 admissions), the median prevalence of moderate-severe frailty was 40.5% (IQR=33.2-53.2; low-moderate RoB=23/38), with considerable heterogeneity (PQ<0.001) apparently unrelated to measure, setting or RoB. Nevertheless, frailty still predicted mortality (RR range=1.08-16.06), long LOS (range=1.35-3.04) and discharge destination (range=1.97-3.45) in all studies with more severe frailty associated with worse outcomes, although associations with 30-day readmission were conflicting (range=0.52-1.64). Studies reporting lower frailty prevalence showed stronger associations between frailty and mortality (beta=-0.009, P=0.03, R=49.6%), with the most consistent (PQ=0.11) associations found in studies using prospective measures (pooled RR=2.57, 95%CI=2.30-2.88) and little attenuation after adjustment for age, sex and comorbidity. Ordinal cut-points appeared to provide superior discrimination to dichotomous thresholds.
Conclusions
Frailty is common in older patients with acute, non-elective hospital admissions and remains an independent predictor of mortality, LOS and discharge home in the acute setting, justifying more widespread implementation of screening using prospective tools and consideration of the degree of frailty in guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boucher
- University of Oxford Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , UK
| | | | - S Shepperd
- University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Population Health, , UK
| | - S T Pendlebury
- University of Oxford Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology, , UK
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Wang B, Gan J, Liu Z, Hui Z, Wei J, Gu X, Mu Y, Zang G. An organoid library of salivary gland tumors reveals subtype-specific characteristics and biomarkers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:350. [PMID: 36527158 PMCID: PMC9758872 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) include a large group of rare neoplasms in the head and neck region, and the heterogeneous and overlapping features among the subtypes frequently make diagnostic difficulties. There is an urgent need to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and overlap among the subtypes, and explore the subtype-specific diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS The tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissue from the 6 most common types of SGTs were processed for organoid culture which only maintained tumor epithelial cells. Organoids were histologically evaluated based on phenotype markers, followed by transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing. The transcriptomic similarities and differences among the subtypes were analyzed by subtype consensus clustering and hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, by comparative transcriptional analysis for these 6 types of SGTs and the matched organoids, the potential diagnostic biomarkers from tumor epithelium were identified, in which two selected biomarkers were evaluated by qPCR and confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining using a tissue microarray. RESULTS We generated a biobank of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with 6 subtypes of SGTs, including 21 benign and 24 malignant SGTs. The PDOs recapitulated the morphological and transcriptional characteristics of the parental tumors. The overlap in the cell types and the heterogenous growth patterns were observed in the different subtypes of organoids. Comparing the bulk tissues, the cluster analysis of the PDOs remarkably revealed the epithelial characteristics, and visualized the intrinsic relationship among these subtypes. Finally, the exclusive biomarkers for the 6 most common types of SGTs were uncovered by comparative analysis, and PTP4A1 was demonstrated as a useful diagnostic biomarker for mucoepidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS We established the first organoid biobank with multiple subtypes of SGTs. PDOs of SGTs recapitulate the morphological and transcriptional characteristics of the original tumors, which uncovers subtype-specific biomarkers and reveals the molecular distance among the subtype of SGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Gan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Hui
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Wei
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, SE Sweden
| | - Yabing Mu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, SE Sweden
| | - Guangxiang Zang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjingbeijie 117, Shenyang City, 110051 People’s Republic of China
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Spira A, Mehra R, Mantia C, Babiker H, Borad M, Cervantes A, Garralda E, Mahipal A, Paz-Ares L, Hatzis C, Liu A, Raue A, Gan J, Adrian F, Manenti L, El-Khoueiry A. 783TiP Phase I study of HFB301001, a novel OX40 agonist monoclonal antibody, in patients with solid tumors selected via Drug Intelligence Science (DIS). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Thompson S, Gan J, Oppenheimer M. An unusual cause of urinary incontinence in a nonagenarian. BMJ 2022; 377:e067650. [PMID: 35738579 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thompson
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - J Gan
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oppenheimer
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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Wang S, Cui J, Fan Q, Gan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang J, Yang C. Reversible and Highly Ordered Biointerfaces for Efficient Capture and Nondestructive Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9450-9458. [PMID: 35732056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The engineering strategy of artificial biointerfaces is vital for governing their performances in bioanalysis and diagnosis. Highly ordered arrangement of affinity ligands on the interface surface facilitates efficient interaction with target molecules, whereas biointerfaces aimed at drug delivery or rare cell isolation require sophisticated stimuli-response mechanisms. However, it is still challenging to facilely fabricate biointerfaces possessing the two features. Herein, we endow a biointerface with both reversibility and capability to orderly assemble affinity ligands by introducing boronic acid moieties alone. By boronate conjugation via glycosylation sites, avidin was well arranged at the surface of boronic acid-decorated carbon nitride nanosheets for the assembly of biotinylated aptamers. The ordered orientation of aptamers largely relieved their inactivation caused by inter-strand entanglement, facilitating significant increase in cell affinity for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The reversible boronate conjugation also facilitated mild release of CTCs by acid fructose with high cell viability. This engineered interface was capable of isolating CTCs from the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. The successful utilization of the isolated CTCs in the downstream drug susceptibility test and mutation analysis demonstrated the clinical potential of this biointerface for the early diagnosis of cancers and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jiasen Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jiaxing Gan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chunran Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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11
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Abstract
As the largest salivary gland in oral cavity, the parotid gland plays an important role in initial digesting and lubricating food. The abnormal secretory function of the parotid gland can lead to dental caries and oral mucosal inflammation. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been used to explore the heterogeneity and diversity of cells in various organs and tissues. However, the transcription profile of the human parotid gland at single-cell resolution has not been reported yet. In this study, we constructed the cell atlas of human parotid gland using the 10× Genomics platform. Characteristic gene analysis identified the biological functions of serous acinar cell populations in secreting digestive enzymes and antibacterial proteins. We revealed the specificity and similarity of the parotid gland compared to other digestive glands through comparative analyses of other published scRNA-seq data sets. We also identified the cell-specific expression of hub genes for Sjögren syndrome in the human parotid gland by integrating the results of genome-wide association studies and bulk RNA-seq, which highlighted the importance of immune cell dysfunction in parotid Sjögren syndrome pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W. Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J. Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J. Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wan Y, Xiao RQ, Zhao JH, Zhang Y, Gan J, Wu N, Song L, Li L, Qi C, Chen W, Wang XJ, Liu ZG. [The clinical efficacy of the stratification medical treatment based on the risk estimation of motor complications in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:491-498. [PMID: 35184502 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210930-02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the stratification medical treatment based on the motor complications risk estimation in improving the quality of life, motor symptoms and delaying the motor complications in Parkinson's patients. Methods: Outpatients and inpatients from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, were recruited between November 2019 and June 2020. The participants were all clinically diagnosed with PD and treated with anti-PD medications, but had no history of motor complications, with the 8-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire summary index (PDQ-8 SI)>18.59. At baseline, the demographic characteristics, PD medical history, levodopa dosage (LD) and levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) were collected, and the evaluation of PDQ-8, Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ and Ⅲ, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) grade, Hamilton anxiety scale-14 (HAMA-14), Hamilton depression scale-24 (HAMD-24), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) tools was accomplished in all participants. Meanwhile, a Parkinson's disease risk estimation scale for motor complications was used to assess patients' risk of motor complications, and thus the medication was stratified in PD patients accordingly. During the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, the evaluation of the above-mentioned parameters was repeated in all participants. At the 3-month and 9-month follow-ups, the information of anti-PD medications, the occurrence of motor complications (motor fluctuations and dyskinesia) and adverse drug reactions were recorded, and PDQ-8 was also evaluated. Results: Two hundred and fifty-one patients completed the 1-year follow-up, with 135 males and 116 females. At baseline, the median age of the patients was 66 (60, 71) years and the median PDQ-8 SI was 31.2 (21.9, 40.6). Additionally, 15.9% (40/251) of the patients were at high risk of motor fluctuation, and 7.2% (18/251) were at high risk of dyskinesia. There were significant differences in the age of onset, disease duration, PD treatment duration, the scores of UPDRS-Ⅱ and Ⅲ, H&Y Grade, and PDQ-8 SI among PD patients of different risk groups (all P<0.05). In the 12th month, the median of PDQ-8 SI, Δ PDQ-8 SI and Δ UPDRS-Ⅲ was 12.5 (9.4, 18.8), -15.6 (-21.9, -9.4) and -9(-16, -4), respectively, which was statistically different from that of baseline (all P<0.05). The change of UPDRS-Ⅱ scores in the group with high risk of motor fluctuation was statistically different from that in the groups with low and moderate risk (P<0.05). The changes of PSQI score, LD and LED in the group with high risk of dyskinesia was statistically different from those in the groups with low and moderate risk (all P<0.05). During the follow-up, the incidence of motor fluctuation and dyskinesia was 9.56% (24/251) and 5.97% (15/251), respectively. Conclusion: The stratification medical treatment might have a positive intervention effect on promoting a better quality of life, improving motor symptoms and delaying motor complications in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - R Q Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - C Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Liu ZG, Gan J. [Strengthening the standardized management of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2081-2083. [PMID: 32689749 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200529-01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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Gan J, Omar A, Jaeb MM. RESPIRATORY COMPLICATION AND OUTCOMES IN MEASLES OUTBREAK AMONG BATEK TRIBE OF NORTH EAST MALAYSIA 2019. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Gan J. Soil bacterial community dynamics following surfactant addition and bioaugmentation in pyrene-contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2019; 231:93-102. [PMID: 31128356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of their toxic properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are designated as priority pollutants. The low solubility and strong sorption of PAHs in soil often limits bioremediation. To increase PAH bioavailability and enhance microbial degradation, surfactants are often added to contaminated soils. However, the effects of surfactants on the PAH degradation capacities of soil microbes are generally neglected. In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate changes in the soil microbial community after the application of rhamnolipid biosurfactant or Brij-35 surfactant and Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 bioaugmentation over a 50-d mineralization study in two soils contaminated with pyrene at 10 mg kg-1. The introduction of pyrene in both soils resulted in an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in microbial richness and Shannon diversity index. Amendment of rhamnolipid at 1,400 μg g-1 to the native clay soil resulted in a decrease in Bacillus from 48% to 2%, which was accompanied with an increase in Mycoplana that accounted for 67% of the total genera relative abundance. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states was used to predict the activity of functional genes involved in the PAH degradation KEGG pathway and determined that M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 bioaugmentation resulted in an increased number of functional genes utilized in PAH biodegradation. Results of this study provide a better understanding of the soil microbial dynamics in response to surfactant amendments in addition to bioaugmentation of a PAH-degrading microbe. This knowledge contributes to successful and efficient surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Sprouster DJ, Sun C, Zhang Y, Chodankar SN, Gan J, Ecker LE. Irradiation-Dependent Helium Gas Bubble Superlattice in Tungsten. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2277. [PMID: 30783166 PMCID: PMC6381115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of noble gas atoms into metals at high gas concentrations can lead to the self-organization of nanobubbles into superlattices with symmetry similar to the metal host matrix. Here, we examine the influence of implantation parameters on the formation and structure of helium gas bubble superlattices within a tungsten host matrix to uncover mechanistic insight into the formation process. The determination of the size and symmetry of the gas bubbles was performed using a combination of small angle x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The former was demonstrated to be particularly useful in determining size and structure of the gas bubble superlattice as a function of irradiation conditions. Prior to the formation of a superlattice, we observe a persistent substructure characterized by inter-bubble spacings similar to those observable when the gas bubble superlattice has formed with very large ordering parameters. As the implantation fluence increases, the inter-bubble ordering parameter decreases, indicating improved ordering, until a superlattice is formed. Multiple implantation-specific differences were observed, including a temperature-dependent superlattice parameter that increases with increasing temperature and a flux-dependent superlattice parameter that decreases with increasing flux. The trends quantified here are in excellent agreement with our recent theoretical predictions for gas bubble superlattice formation and highlight that superlattice formation is strongly dependent on the diffusion of vacancy and implanted He atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sprouster
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States.
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States.
| | - C Sun
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - Y Zhang
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - S N Chodankar
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States
| | - J Gan
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - L E Ecker
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States
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Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu JC. Abstract P6-17-39: BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-17-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Overexpression of HER2 occurs in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with shortened survival. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 ADC, has shown efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and was approved by the FDA and EMA for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. However T-DM1 causes grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in up to 14.5% of patients as its major toxicity. The thrombocytopenia is likely caused by one of T-DM1's catabolites and payload, DM1, indicating T-DM1's linker can be cleaved. Here we adopted a novel noncleavable linker and created an anti-HER2 ADC, BAT8001, which is expected be efficacious in HER2-positive breast cancer and have a better side effect profile relative to T-DM1 due to the stability of BAT8001's noncleavable linker. BAT8001 is internalized in HER2-positive cancer cells. It inhibits proliferation of HER2-positive tumor cells with IC50s of ˜0.1 nM, similar to the potency of T-DM1. BAT8001 also induces apoptosis in HER2-positive cancer cells. In both cell-line and patient-derived mouse xenograft (PDX) models, BAT8001 demonstrates strong inhibition activity on tumor growth. For example, in a cell-line model of breast cancer (BT474), BAT8001 demonstrates potent activity with complete responses in all animals tested at the 15mg/kg dose level. Pharmacokinetics studies in monkey reveals BAT8001 has similar Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 as T-DM1. The major catabolite of BAT8001 is the Cys-linker-payload containing product. No free payload is observed. This compares favorably with T-DM1 where free DM1, T-DM1's payload, is one of the major catabolites. In a multiple dose toxicity study, BAT8001 had a NOAEL of 15 mg/kg versus 10 mg/kg for T-DM1. BAT8001 exhibits similar potency to T-DM1 on inhibiting HER2-positive cell proliferation and tumor growth, yet demonstrates better multiple dose toxicity than T-DM1. The improved toxicity profile of BAT8001 suggests that the novel noncleavable linker utilized in BAT8001 is more stable than the linker utilized in T-DM1. BAT8001 is very efficacious in cell-line xenograft models of breast cancer. The preclinical profile of BAT8001 warrants further development for the treatment of breast cancer and other HER2-positive cancers.
Citation Format: Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu J-C. BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Deng
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Ou
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Gan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Dong
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Tan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Lu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Chen
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Bao
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Li
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Thomas
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-C Yu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wolf DC, Gan J. Influence of rhamnolipid biosurfactant and Brij-35 synthetic surfactant on 14C-Pyrene mineralization in soil. Environ Pollut 2018; 243:1846-1853. [PMID: 30408872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in soil and are considered priority pollutants due to their carcinogenicity. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils is often limited by the low solubility and strong sorption of PAHs in soil. Synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants have been used to enhance the bioavailability of PAHs and to accelerate microbial degradation. However, few studies have compared synthetic and biosurfactants in their efficiency in promoting PAH biodegradation in either native or bioaugmented soils. In this study, we evaluated mineralization of 14C-pyrene in soils with or without the augmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and characterized the effect of Brij-35 (synthetic) and rhamnolipid biosurfactant at different amendment rates. Treatment of rhamnolipid biosurfactant at 140 or 1400 μg surfactant g-dry soil-1 rates resulted in a significantly longer lag period in 14C-pyrene mineralization in both native and bioaugmented soils. In contrast, amendment of Brij-35 generally increased 14C-pyrene degradation, and the greatest enhancement occurred at 21.6 or 216 μg surfactant g-dry soil-1 rates, which may be attributed to increased bioavailability. Brij-35 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant were found to be non-toxic to M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 at 10X CMC, thus indicating rhamnolipid biosurfactant likely served as a preferential carbon source to the degrading bacteria in place of 14C-pyrene, leading to delayed and inhibited 14C-pyrene degradation. Mineralization of 14C-pyrene by M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was rapid in the unamended soils, and up to 60% of pyrene was mineralized to 14CO2 after 10 d in the unamended or Brij-35 surfactant-amended soils. Findings of this study suggest that application of surfactants may not always lead to enhanced PAH biodegradation or removal. If the surfactant is preferentially used as an easier carbon substrate than PAHs for soil microorganisms, it may actually inhibit PAH biodegradation. Selection of surfactant types is therefore crucial for the effectiveness of surfactant-aided bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Gan J, Liu S, Zhou L, Wang Y, Guo J, Huang C. Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation Pretreatment on the Long-Term Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive to Dentin. Oper Dent 2018; 42:62-72. [PMID: 27689772 DOI: 10.2341/15-268-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation pretreatment on the long-term bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. METHODS Fifty molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane and randomly divided into two groups (n=25 per group): control group (no treatment) and laser group (dentin surfaces were treated with Nd:YAG laser at a setting of 100 mJ/10 Hz). Afterward, resin was bonded to the dentin surface using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper SingleBond 2), and then 150 beams of each group were produced. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=50 each group): 24 hours of water storage, thermocycling, and NaOCl storage. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes, nanoleakage expression, and Masson's trichrome staining were evaluated. An additional 20 molars were sectioned to obtain 2-mm-thick flat dentin slices. These slices were randomly divided into control and laser-treated groups as mentioned previously. Then slices of each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Knoop hardness test. RESULTS The results of ATR-FTIR and Masson's trichrome verified that laser irradiation partly removed collagen fibers from the dentin surface; however, no significant difference was found in the Knoop hardness (p>0.05). The XRD result showed similar crystalline structure regardless of laser pretreatment. There is no significant difference in short-term MTBS between control and laser-treated groups (p>0.05); however, long-term MTBS differed between the groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, the laser-treated group showed less silver deposition than the control group after aging (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment by Nd:YAG laser irradiation appeared to have a positive effect on the adhesive-dentin bonding in vitro test, and the bonding effectiveness could be preserved after aging.
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Zhao Q, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Lin W, Li C, Guan X, Tan T, Yang C, Cheng H, Gan J, Feng Z, Peng M, Yang Z, Xu S. Stable actively Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser at 1.5 μm based on self-injecting polarization modulation. Opt Express 2018; 26:17000-17008. [PMID: 30119516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for the realization of a stable Q-switched operation in a single-frequency fiber laser based on self-injecting polarization modulation is demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. A piezoelectric fiber stretcher was utilized to introduce periodic stress-induced polarization changes. Then the modulation of polarization state transformed into Q switching by virtue of a designed distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) resonant cavity with polarizations loss anisotropy. Finally, a stable actively Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser at 1.5 μm with Gaussian-shape pulse output was achieved. We experimentally found that, the repetition frequency (several hundred kHz) coincided with the working frequency of the polarization modulation, and the pulse width (several hundred ns) reduced with the increasing of the modulating frequency, the modulating amplitude, as well as the pump power. This stable Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser is promising for applications in optical time-domain reflectometry, coherent Doppler wind radar, and optical coherent detection. More importantly, this novel Q-switched technology may be applicable to other DBR single-frequency fiber lasers.
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Vale C, Gan J, McKenzie S, Wong Y, Rheault H, Laher S, Dashwood A. Early Real-World Experience of Tolerability and Titration Rates of Angiotensin-Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rheault H, Gan J, McKenzie S, Wong Y. Combining Forces: Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Pharmacist Led Heart Failure Clinic and its Impact on Titration Rates and Hospital Readmission. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gardner SD, Kim J, Baptiste-Brown S, Lopez V, Hamatake R, Gan J, Edwards S, Elko-Simms L, Dumont EF, Leivers M, Hong Z, Paff MT. GSK2878175, a pan-genotypic non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor, in healthy and treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C subjects. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:19-27. [PMID: 28692182 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
GSK2878175 is a potent, pan-genotypic, non-nucleoside, nonstructural protein 5B palm polymerase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study, evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK2878175 administered as single and repeat oral doses (once daily for 14 days) to healthy volunteers. A separate proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled, repeat dose (once daily for 2 days) study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of GSK2878175 monotherapy in treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic, subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 [1a and 1b], 2, or 3. No deaths or SAEs were reported in either study, and treatment was well-tolerated. Across all the HCV genotypes, GSK2878175 monotherapy at doses of 10, 30 or 60 mg once daily for 2 days produced a statistically significant multilog reduction (P<.001) in plasma HCV RNA log10 IU/mL from Baseline to 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first dose of GSK2878175 compared to placebo. The reduction in HCV RNA was sustained for a prolonged period across all of the active treatment groups, consistent with the long apparent half-life of GSK2878175 that was observed (mean t1/2 range: 60-63 hours in the CHC subjects). In summary, GSK2878175, when administered to healthy subjects and subjects with CHC, did not reveal any safety concerns that would limit or preclude further clinical development. GSK2878175 monotherapy across a wide dose range produced substantial reduction in HCV RNA, irrespective of HCV genotype. The results from these studies support further evaluation of GSK2878175-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gardner
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Kim
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Baptiste-Brown
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - V Lopez
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Hamatake
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Gan
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Edwards
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Elko-Simms
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - E F Dumont
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Leivers
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M T Paff
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Jensen IJT, Gorantla S, Løvvik OM, Gan J, Nguyen PD, Monakhov E, Svensson BG, Gunnæs AE, Diplas S. Interface phenomena in magnetron sputtered Cu 2O/ZnO heterostructures. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:435002. [PMID: 28829336 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interface between ZnO and Cu2O has been predicted to be a good candidate for use in thin film solar cells. However, the high predicted conversion efficiency has yet to be fully realized experimentally. To explore the underlying causes of this we investigate the interface between ZnO and Cu2O in magnetron sputtered samples. Two different sample geometries were made: In the first set thin layers of ZnO were deposited on Cu2O (type A), while in the second set the order was reversed (type B). Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an intermediate CuO layer was identified regardless of the order in which the Cu2O and ZnO layers were deposited. The presence of a CuO layer was supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Changes in the electron hole screening conditions were observed in CuO near the interface with ZnO, manifested as changes in the relative peak-to-satellite ratio and the degree of asymmetric broadness in the Cu 2p peak. The suppression of the Cu 2p satellite characteristic of CuO may cause the CuO presence to be overlooked and cause errors in determinations of valence band offsets (VBOs). For the type A samples, we compare four different approaches to XPS-based determination of VBO and find that the most reliable results are obtained when the thin CuO layer and the altered screening conditions at the interface were taken into account. The VBOs were found to range between 2.5 eV and 2.8 eV. For the B type samples a reduction of the Cu 2p-LMM Auger parameter was found as compared to bulk Cu2O, indicative of quantum confinement in the Cu2O overlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J T Jensen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P/O box 124 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway
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Pei DD, Liu SY, Yang HY, Gan J, Huang C. [Effect of a nano hydroxyapatite desensitizing paste application on dentin bond strength of three self-etch adhesive systems]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 52:278-282. [PMID: 28482442 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) desensitizing paste application on the bond strength of three self-etch adhesives. Methods: Three dentin specimens of about 1 mm thick were cut from two teeth. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the dentin surfaces without treatment, after citric acid treatment and after nano-HA treatment. Thirty-six intact third molars extracted for surgical reasons were cut to remove the occlusal enamel with isomet, and then were etched with 1% citric acid for 20 s to simulate the sensitive dentin and divided into two groups randomly using a table of random numbers (n=18): the control group (no treatment) and the HA treated group (with nano-HA paste treatment). Each group was divided into three subgroups randomly using a table of random numbers (n=6). Subgroup A, B and C was bonded with G-Bond, Clearfil S(3) Bond and FL-Bond Ⅱ according to the manufacture's instruction separately. At 24 h after bonding procedure, and after water storage for 6 months, microtensile bond strength of the specimens was tested and the failure mode was analyzed. Results: SEM obeservation showed that citric acid could open the dentin tubules to set up the sensitive dentin model, and the nano-HA could occlude the dentin tubules effectively. For subgroup A, bonding strength of specimens treated with nano-HA ([41.14±8.91] MPa) was significantly high than that of the control group ([34.27±6.16] MPa) at 24 h after bonding procedure (P<0.05). However, after 6 month water ageing, the bonding strength of the control group and the HA treated group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). For subgroup B, specimens with nano-HA application showed lower bonding strength ([30.87±6.41] MPa) than that of the control group ([36.73±5.82] MPa) at 24 h after bonding procedure (P<0.05), and after 6 month water ageing, the bond strength of nano-HA application ([25.73±6.99] MPa) was also lower than that of the control group ([32.33±5.08] MPa) (P<0.05). For subgroup C, the bond strength of the control group and the HA treated group have no significant difference either before or after 6 month water ageing (P>0.05). Failure mode analysis showed that more than half of the samples in all groups were adhesive failure. Conclusions: Nano-HA treatment decreased the bond strength of subgroup B, while had no adverse effect on subgroup A and subgroup C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - S Y Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - H Y Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Hu P, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. OC-0160: Radiomics Features Harmonization for CT and CBCT in Rectal Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Allen
- University of Wisconsin 1500 Engineering Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Gan
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois
| | - J. I. Cole
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois
| | - S. Ukai
- Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - S. Thevuthasan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington
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He H, Gan J, Qi H. Assessing extensive cardiac echography examination for detecting foetal congenital heart defects during early and late gestation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2017; 71:699-708. [PMID: 27920458 DOI: 10.2143/ac.71.6.3178189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wu H, Wei JJ, Ma BT, Chai WZ, Ma WB, Li YN, Liu XH, Han B, Zhu HD, Gan J, Liu JJ, Wang RZ. [Perioperative management and surgical treatment of neurosurgical critical patients with thrombocytopenia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 96:1652-5. [PMID: 27290703 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.21.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the perioperative management and surgical treatment of patients with neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia. METHODS Eleven patients with the diagnosis of neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia who received surgical treatment in Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. All eleven patients received platelet transfusions preoperatively. The safety and efficacy of surgical treatment were analyzed by GOS score at 6 months after operations. RESULTS Platelet counts of six patients who received minimally invasive surgery reached 80×10(9) /L by platelet transfusions preoperatively. Platelet counts of five patients who received Craniotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt reached 100×10(9) /L by platelet transfusions preoperatively. Eight patients received platelet transfusions postoperatively according to a low platelet count 24 hours after operations. Two patients died after surgery and one died after discharge. All other eight survival patients got well recovery with an average GOS score of 4.5 at six months after operations. CONCLUSIONS Patients with neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia could receive surgical treatment in collaboration with relative departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Dong H, Ma L, Gan J, Lin W, Chen C, Yao Z, Du L, Zheng L, Ke C, Huang X, Song H, Kumar R, Yeung SC, Zhang H. PTPRO represses ERBB2-driven breast oncogenesis by dephosphorylation and endosomal internalization of ERBB2. Oncogene 2017; 36:410-422. [PMID: 27345410 PMCID: PMC5269534 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO is frequently transcriptionally repressed in cancers and signifies poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. In this study, deletion of Ptpro in MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice dramatically shortened the mammary tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth due to loss of Ptpro within the breast cancer cells but not in surrounding tissue as confirmed by hetero-transplantation studies. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the phosphatase activity was required for the inactivation of ERBB2 and its downstream signaling. PTPRO regulated the phosphorylation status of ERBB2 at Y1248. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (Duolink) indicated that PTPRO directly physically interacted with ERBB2. Moreover, PTPRO phosphatase activity shortened the half-life of ERBB2 by increasing endocytotic degradation. PTPRO reexpression by demethylation treatment using 5-azacytidine reduced the proliferation and colony formation potential in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells. Taken together, PTPRO inhibited ERBB2-driven breast cancer through dephosphorylation leading to dual effects of ERBB2 signaling suppression and endosomal internalization of ERBB2, Therefore, reexpression of PTPRO may be a potential therapy for ERBB2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - W Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Chen
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Z Yao
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - X Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - S C Yeung
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
| | - H Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road No. 22, Shantou 515041, ChinaE-mail:
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Gan J, Yi J, Zhong M, Cao X, Jin X, Liu W, Zhu X. Abnormal white matter structural connectivity in treatment-naïve young adults with borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:494-503. [PMID: 27611589 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is not well understood. We examined the microstructure of white matter in patients with BPD. METHOD Treatment-naïve young adult with BPD (N = 30) and young-adult healthy controls (HCs; N = 31) were subjected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Microstructural parameters were analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and post hoc tractography. RESULTS TBSS analysis revealed that, relative to the HC group, the BPD group had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the genu and body of the corpus callosum (CC), right superior corona radiate, right anterior corona radiate, as well as higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the left anterior thalamic radiation. Tractography showed that FA values of fiber bundles passing through the fornix were significantly reduced in BPD group relative to HCs. No significant correlations were observed between clinical symptom and DTI indices in BPD group (FDR corrected). CONCLUSION Focal microstructural alterations were found in BPD group, mainly in the limbic system and CC. The present findings support the fronto-limbic disconnectivity hypothesis and suggest that abnormal maturation of white matter structures may play an important role in mechanism of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - J Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - M Zhong
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Cao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Jin
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Zhou Z, Hu P, Shen L, Xia F, Zhou M, Hu W, Zhang Z. A Feasibility Study of Using Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone Beam CT Simultaneously for Radiomics Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rosenblatt E, Fidarova E, Zubizarreta E, Barton M, MacKillop W, Jones G, Cordero L, Yarney J, Lim G, Gan J, Cernea V, Stojanovic-Rundic S, Strojan P, Kochbati L, Quarneti A. Radiation Therapy Utilization in Middle-Income Countries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gan J, Wang J, Zhong H, Luo R, Zhou Z, Hu P, Shen L, Xia F, Zhou M, Zhang Z. A Consistent Test of Multisoftware in Radiomics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pitton BJL, Dodge LL, Gan J, Greco SE, Haver DL, Lee E, Majcherek TJ, Oki LR. Comparison of pollutant concentrations from weekly discrete versus composite samples for residential dry-weather runoff. J Environ Manage 2016; 180:10-16. [PMID: 27192386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As urbanization has increased, so has degradation of urban streams. Urban water quality monitoring has focused on storm runoff sampling, but in arid climates, dry-weather runoff is a significant contributor of pollutants to aquatic systems. The majority of dry-weather runoff studies sample a small window of the entire dry-season. For this study constituent concentrations were compared using two sampling protocols. The first protocol repeatedly collected samples on the same day of the week at the same time of day. The second protocol collected samples during two week-long intensive sampling events consisting of sample collection every hour for 24 h for seven consecutive days. The two protocols were compared to determine if sampling at the same time of the week was representative of the entire week. For nitrate, total phosphorous, fipronil, permethrin, total organic carbon, and total suspended solids, sampling at the same time was not representative of the weekly mean; however, variability was observed between sites and constituents. For those constituent concentrations with significant differences seen between the two protocols, load adjustment factors (LAF) were determined, using a ratio of treatment means, and employed to adjust dry-season load estimates. Future work should include determining if LAF values can be used at similar sites excluded from the study or for similar constituents from the current sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J L Pitton
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - L L Dodge
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - S E Greco
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - D L Haver
- University of California Cooperative Extension-Orange County, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - E Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - T J Majcherek
- University of California Cooperative Extension-Orange County, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - L R Oki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Hu P, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. SU-F-R-33: Can CT and CBCT Be Used Simultaneously for Radiomics Analysis. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Deng DL, Yang HY, Guo JM, Huang C, Gan J, Song FF. [Effects of exogenous enzymes on the degradation of adhesive-dentin interfaces]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 51:230-234. [PMID: 27117216 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of exogenous enzymes on the degradation of adhesive-dentin interface. METHODS Forty molars were sectioned to expose the middle-coronal dentin surface and randomly divided into two adhesive systems: an etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 and a self-etching adhesive G-Bond. After composite building up, the specimens were then randomly assigned to four groups(n=5 for each group)as follows: group 1, 24 h of water storage(the control group); group 2, six months of water storage; group 3, twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase; group 4, twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing cholesterolesterase. The microtensile bond strengths(MTBS)were then tested. The failure modes and nanoleakage were analyzed. RESULTS After aging treatments, the three aging groups showed significantly lower MTBS compared with the control group in both adhesive systems(P<0.05). For etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2, the MTBS of group 3([19.6±3.5]MPa)was lower than that of group 2([23.4±4.2]MPa)and group 4([24.2±4.2]MPa)(P<0.05). For self-etching adhesive G-Bond, there was no difference on MTBS among different aging groups(P>0.05). SEM observation showed that, compared with the control group, water storage(group 2)and the exogenous enzymes(group 3 and 4)increased the nanoleakage expression(silver deposition)of both adhesive systems. Adhesive failure was the predominant fracture modes in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase or cholesterol esterase could be used to accelerate the degradation process of adhesive-dentine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Deng
- Central Clinic, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - H Y Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J M Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J Gan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - F F Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Zhou L, Gan J, Yoshitsugu H, Gu X, Lutz JD, Masson E, Humphreys WG. Integration of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling into Early Clinical Development: An Investigation of the Pharmacokinetic Nonlinearity. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26225254 PMCID: PMC4452934 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BMS-911543, a promising anticancer agent, exhibited time-dependent and dose-dependent nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PKs) in its first-in-human (FIH) study. Initial physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling efforts using CYP1A2-mediated clearance kinetics were unsuccessful; however, further model analysis revealed that CYP1A2 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and perhaps other factors could be keys to the nonlinearity. Subsequent experiments in human liver microsomes showed that the compound was a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP1A2 and were used to determine the enzyme inactivation parameter values. In addition, a rat tissue distribution study was conducted and human plasma samples were profiled to support the refinement of the PBPK model. It was concluded that the interplay between four BMS-911543 properties, namely, low solubility, saturation of the metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2, CYP1A2 TDI, and CYP1A2 induction likely resulted in the time-dependent and dose-dependent nonlinear PKs. The methodology of PBPK model-guided unmasking of compound properties can serve as a general practice for mechanistic understanding of a new compound's disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - J Gan
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Yoshitsugu
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA ; Clinical Pharmacology & PPDM, Japan Development, MSD K.K. Tokyo, Japan
| | - X Gu
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - J D Lutz
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - E Masson
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA ; Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W G Humphreys
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Wang W, Cheng L, Yi J, Gan J, Tang H, Fu MZ, Wang H, Lai SJ. Health and production traits in bovine are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:3570-8. [PMID: 25966125 DOI: 10.4238/2015.april.17.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The NOD2 gene plays a fundamental role in initiating the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. NOD2 was previously identified as a susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. In this study, we detected 2 mutations in exon 12 (A→T, G→A) among 5 cattle breeds (N = 315) and analyzed their associations with production traits and genetic resistance against bovine mastitis in Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds (N = 218). The transitions (A→T) at position 114 bp were associated with somatic cell score (P < 0.01). The G→A at position 1594 bp plays a critical role in increasing 305-day milk yields. In Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds, the BB genotype may contribute to disease susceptibility. Compared to all genotypic combinations, the A, B, and FF genotypes are beneficial not only for reducing somatic cell score but also for increasing production.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - L Cheng
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Yi
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Gan
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Z Fu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Wang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S J Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Xia M, Gan J, Luo Q, Zhang X, Yang G. Identification of duckHSP70gene, polymorphism analysis and tissue expression under control and heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:562-6. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.819487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Gan J, Lanigan C. Alternative methods to improve probability of CVC catheter placement. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:123-4. [PMID: 23794658 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Su ZH, Gan J, Yu QK, Zhang QH, Liu ZH, Bao JM. High-resolution fiber optic temperature sensors using nonlinear spectral curve fitting technique. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:045002. [PMID: 23635225 DOI: 10.1063/1.4802684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A generic new data processing method is developed to accurately calculate the absolute optical path difference of a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity from its broadband interference fringes. The method combines Fast Fourier Transformation with nonlinear curve fitting of the entire spectrum. Modular functions of LabVIEW are employed for fast implementation of the data processing algorithm. The advantages of this technique are demonstrated through high performance fiber optic temperature sensors consisting of an infrared superluminescent diode and an infrared spectrometer. A high resolution of 0.01 °C is achieved over a large dynamic range from room temperature to 800 °C, limited only by the silica fiber used for the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Su
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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46
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Bondarenko S, Gan J, Ernst F, Green R, Baird J, McCullough M. Leaching of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in turfgrass soils during recycled water irrigation. J Environ Qual 2012; 41:1268-1274. [PMID: 22751071 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An important beneficial reuse of treated wastewater (recycled water) in arid and semiarid regions is landscape irrigation. However, the environmental fate, especially groundwater contamination potential, of trace contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is a significant concern that can hinder the acceptance and adoption of such reuses. In this study, we irrigated mature turfgrass plots with nonspiked tertiary treated wastewater for over 6 mo at 100 or 130% of the reference evapotranspiration rate (ETo) and collected leachate water at the 90-cm depth on a weekly basis. In the recycled water, all 14 target PPCPs were consistently found, and the mean levels of atenolol, gemfibrozil, meprobamate, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole were above 100 ng L. However, only five compounds were detected in the leachate at trace levels. Trimethoprim and primidone were frequently found, whereas the detection of sulfamethoxazole, meprobamate and carbamazepine was less frequent (<50%). When detected, the overall mean concentration in the leachate was 10.2 ng L for trimethoprim, 7.1 ng L for primidone, and 2.9 to 12.4 ng L for carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and meprobamate. The majority of the target PPCPs were completely removed. Given that the irrigation rates were higher than normal, this study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of turfgrass systems in attenuating PPCPs during recycled water irrigation. However, it is also apparent that some PPCPs are more susceptible to leaching than others, and these PPCPs thus merit further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bondarenko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Gan J, Bondarenko S, Oki L, Haver D, Li JX. Occurrence of fipronil and its biologically active derivatives in urban residential runoff. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:1489-95. [PMID: 22242791 DOI: 10.1021/es202904x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly used around homes for controlling insects such as ants, termites, and spiders. Such uses have been linked to pesticide contamination and toxicity in urban aquatic ecosystems. Fipronil is a relatively new and popular urban-use insecticide that has acute toxicity to arthropods at low-ppb levels. In this study, we collected runoff water from 6 large communities, each consisting of 152 to 460 single-family homes, in Sacramento County and Orange County, California, and evaluated the occurrence of fipronil and its biologically active derivatives over 26 months under dry weather conditions. Statistical modeling showed that the levels of fipronil and derivatives in the runoff water were both spatially and temporally correlated. More than 10-fold differences were observed between the Sacramento and Orange County sites, with the much higher levels for Orange County (southern California) coinciding with heavier use. The median concentrations of combined fipronil and derivatives for the Orange County sites were 204-440 ng L(-1), with the 90th percentile levels ranging from 340 to 1170 ng L(-1). These levels frequently exceeded the LC50 values for arthropods such as mysid shrimp and grass shrimp. The highest levels occurred from April to October, while decreases were seen from October to December and from January to March, likely reflecting seasonal use patterns and the effect of rain-induced washoff. Fipronil and fipronil sulfone (oxidation derivative) each accounted for about 35% of the total concentrations, with desulfinyl fipronil (a photolytic product) contributing about 25%. Results of this study clearly established residential drainage as a direct source for pesticide contamination in urban waterways, and for the first time, identified fipronil as a new and widespread contaminant with potential ecotoxicological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.
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Li Z, Chen Y, Mu D, Yuan J, Shi Y, Zhang H, Gan J, Li N, Hu X, Liu B, Yang B, Fan W. Comparison of the two major classes of assembly algorithms: overlap-layout-consensus and de-bruijn-graph. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 11:25-37. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gan J, Greenwood SM, Cobb SR, Bushell TJ. Indirect modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus by activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:984-94. [PMID: 21366553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is widely expressed in the CNS under normal physiological conditions. However, its potential role in modulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission remains to be determined. Here, we have investigated whether PAR2 activation modulates synaptic activity in the hippocampus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PAR2 activation and its effect on the hippocampus were examined in rat primary cultures and acute slices using whole cell patch clamp and standard extracellular recordings, respectively. KEY RESULTS PAR2 activation leads to a depolarization of hippocampal neurones and a paradoxical reduction in the occurrence of synaptically driven spontaneous action potentials (APs). PAR2-induced neuronal depolarization was abolished following either the inhibition of astrocytic function or antagonism of ionotropic glutamate receptors whilst the PAR2-induced decrease in AP frequency was also reduced when astrocytic function was inhibited. Furthermore, when examined in acute hippocampal slices, PAR2 activation induced a profound long-term depression of synaptic transmission that was dependent on NMDA receptor activation and was sensitive to disruption of astrocytic function. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These novel findings show that PAR2 activation indirectly inhibits hippocampal synaptic activity and indicate that these receptors may play an active role in modulating normal physiological CNS function, in addition to their role in pathophysiological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Cui XY, Jia F, Chen YX, Gan J. Influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes on microbial availability of phenanthrene in sediment. Ecotoxicology 2011; 20:1277-85. [PMID: 21656161 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing production and use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) will inevitably lead to release of these nanoparticles to aquatic ecosystems. Similar to black carbon (BC) particles, SWCNT have a high affinity for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) and therefore the presence of SWCNT in sediment may lead to altered bioavailability of HOCs. We compared SWCNT with biochar and charcoal on their effect on the microbial degradability of 0.05 mg kg(-1) (14)C-phenanthrene (PHE) by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 in two sediments with different organic carbon (OC) contents. When the amendment rate of SWCNT or BC was 1 mg g(-1), PHE mineralization was inhibited much more significantly by SWCNT than by either biochar or charcoal. After 360 h of incubation, the mineralized fraction of PHE in the presence of SWCNT was 59.5% of the non-amended control in the sediment with low OC content, and only 42.4% in the other sediment with a higher OC content. Analysis of the freely dissolved concentration (C (free)) using disposable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers showed that SWCNT decreased C (free) by 85-95%, apparently due to preferential sorption of PHE to SWCNT particles that had a much larger specific surface area and pore volume than biochar or charcoal. However, pre-interaction of SWCNT with dissolved organic matter (peptone, tannic acid, and humic acid) led to attachment of polar functional groups and reduced surface area on SWCNT, resulting in decreased PHE sorption and an alleviated effect on PHE biodegradation in the order of peptone > tannic acid > humic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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