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Brandão WN, Andersen ML, Palermo-Neto J, Peron JP, Zager A. Therapeutic treatment with Modafinil decreases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105809. [PMID: 31425975 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The psychostimulant drug modafinil has been used for many years for the treatment of sleep disorders. Recent studies have indicated that modafinil has immunomodulatory properties in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune cells. Thus, our aim was to determine the effects of in vivo therapeutic treatment with modafinil on the severity of clinical symptoms and immune response during the acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Modafinil treatment, given after the onset of symptoms, resulted in an improvement of EAE symptoms and motor impairment, which was correlated with reduced cellular infiltrate and a decreased percentage of T helper (Th) 1 cells in the CNS. The spinal cord analysis revealed that modafinil treatment decreased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels and down regulated genes related to Th1 immunity, such as IFN-γ and TBX21, without affecting Th17-related genes. Our research indicates that therapeutic modafinil treatment has anti-inflammatory properties in an EAE model by inhibiting brain Th1 response, and may be useful as adjuvant treatment for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Nogueira Brandão
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Neurobiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Sersun Calefi A, Quinteiro-Filho WM, de Siqueira A, Nascimento Lima AP, Gimenes Cruz DS, Queiroz Hazarbassanov N, Auciello Salvagni F, Borsoi A, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Maiorka PC, Piantino Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress, Eimeria spp. and C. perfringens infections alone or in combination modify gut Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and avian necrotic enteritis pathogenesis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 210:28-37. [PMID: 30947977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Information on the dynamics of the chicken immune system during bacterial or parasite challenge in the presence or absence of stressful situations may provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms behind these diseases. Necrotic enteritis (NE) had been controlled previously by the proper use of antimicrobial agents; however, more recently, NE has reemerged in many countries. The imposed restrictions on antimicrobial use and/or the intensive productive programs implemented by producers are challenges the birds, leading to large host adaptive responses that in many instances are like those elicited by stressors. This study analyses the effects of heat stress on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, pathological features, and Toll-like receptor expression in the small intestine of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens type A in the presence or absence of Eimeria spp. co-infection. This co-infection model was experimentally used because it reproduces the findings commonly observed in the field during avian NE. For this purpose, broiler chickens infected with C. perfringens and/or Eimeria spp. were reared in isolator chambers subjected or not to heat stress intermittently. It was observed that heat stress directs the expression of Th2-type cytokines, increases Toll-like receptor 4 expression in the intestine and reduces the disease severity induced by Eimeria spp. and C. perfringens infections alone or in combination, most likely as a consequence of stress-induced changes in brain-gut axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilio Sersun Calefi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana de Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nascimento Lima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanzio Gimenes Cruz
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Auciello Salvagni
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderlise Borsoi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Maiorka
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Palermo-Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Calefi AS, de Queiroz Nunes CA, da Silva Fonseca JG, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ferreira AJP, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress reduces Eimeria spp. infection and interferes with C. perfringens infection via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:273-280. [PMID: 30711848 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress has a relevant effect on animal health and productivity. Stress and environmental changes can contribute to disease development, such as avian necrotic enteritis (NE). The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of heat stress applied to broiler chickens in an experimental model of co-infection with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria spp. Therefore, the current study was designed to analyze the effect of heat stress to broiler chickens in an experimental model of infection or co-infection with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria spp. C. perfringens was given in the poultry feed and the Eimeria infection was induced by gavage with a live oocysts vaccine dose 30 times higher than the manufacturer recommendation. We observed a reduction in the secretory IgA concentration in the jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed chickens compared to non-stressed chickens. Decreased maximum scores of intestinal necrosis, crypt abscesses and transmural lesions were observed in the heat-stressed chickens co-infected and infected with Eimeria compared to the respective unstressed groups. Heat stress caused an increase the intestinal lesion scores in chickens infected with C. perfringens only. The crypt depth was greater in chickens from the heat-stressed groups compared to the non-stressed groups. We also demonstrated that HS decreased infection and/or Eimeria development in the intestinal epithelium, reducing the harmful potential of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilio Sersun Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Augusta de Queiroz Nunes
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Garcia da Silva Fonseca
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Moreno Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Piantino Ferreira
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Barreto TR, Costola-de-Souza C, Margatho RO, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Rodrigues SC, Felício LF, Palermo-Neto J, Zager A. Repeated Domperidone treatment modulates pulmonary cytokines in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zager A, Brandão WN, Margatho RO, Peron JP, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Kornum BR, Palermo-Neto J. The wake-promoting drug Modafinil prevents motor impairment in sickness behavior induced by LPS in mice: Role for dopaminergic D1 receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:468-476. [PMID: 28499899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The wake-promoting drug Modafinil has been used for many years for treatment of Narcolepsy and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, due to a dopamine-related psychostimulant action. Recent studies have indicated that Modafinil prevents neuroinflammation in animal models. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Modafinil pretreatment in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness and depressive-like behaviors. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with Vehicle or Modafinil (90mg/Kg) and, 30min later, received a single saline or LPS (2mg/Kg) administration, and were submitted to the open field and elevated plus maze test 2h later. After 24h, mice were subjected to tail suspension test, followed by either flow cytometry with whole brain for CD11b+CD45+ cells or qPCR in brain areas for cytokine gene expression. Modafinil treatment prevented the LPS-induced motor impairment, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, as well as the increase in brain CD11b+CD45high cells induced by LPS. Our results indicate that Modafinil pretreatment also decreased the IL-1β gene upregulation caused by LPS in brain areas, which is possibly correlated with the preventive behavioral effects. The pharmacological blockage of the dopaminergic D1R by the drug SCH-23390 counteracted the effect of Modafinil on locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, but not on depressive-like behavior and brain immune cells. The dopaminergic D1 receptor signaling is essential to the Modafinil effects on LPS-induced alterations in locomotion and anxiety, but not on depression and brain macrophages. This evidence suggests that Modafinil treatment might be useful to prevent inflammation-related behavioral alterations, possibly due to a neuroimmune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wesley Nogueira Brandão
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Margatho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Research Institute-Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Zager A, Brandão WN, Margatho RO, Cruz DSG, Peron JP, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Moresco M, Pizza F, Plazzi G, Kornum BR, Palermo-Neto J. Increased interferon-mediated immunity following in vitro and in vivo Modafinil treatment on peripheral immune cells. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:297-305. [PMID: 28919446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wake-promoting drug Modafinil has been used for treatment of sleep disorders, such as Narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep apnea, due to its stimulant action. Despite the known effect of Modafinil on brain neurochemistry, particularly on brain dopamine system, recent evidence support an immunomodulatory role for Modafinil treatment in neuroinflammatory models. Here, we aimed to study the effects of in vitro and in vivo Modafinil treatment on activation, proliferation, cell viability, and cytokine production by immune cells in splenocytes culture from mice. The results show that in vitro treatment with Modafinil increased Interferon (IFN)-γ, Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17 production and CD25 expression by T cells. In turn, in vivo Modafinil treatment enhanced splenocyte production of IFN-γ, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increased the number of IFN-γ producing cells. Next, we addressed the translational value of the observed effects by testing PBMCs from Narcolepsy type 1 patients that underwent Modafinil treatment. We reported increased number of IFN-γ producing cells in PBMCs from Narcolepsy type 1 patients following continuous Modafinil treatment, corroborating our animal data. Taken together, our results show, for the first time, a pro-inflammatory action of Modafinil, particularly on IFN-mediated immunity, in mice and in patients with Narcolepsy type 1. The study suggests a novel effect of this drug treatment, which should be taken into consideration when given concomitantly with an ongoing inflammatory or autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Wesley Nogueira Brandão
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Margatho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sanzio Gimenes Cruz
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Moresco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Institute of the Neurological Sciences IRCCS, ASL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Institute of the Neurological Sciences IRCCS, ASL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ochoa-Amaya JE, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Namazu LB, Calefi AS, Tobaruela CN, Margatho R, Palermo-Neto J, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Felicio LF. Short-Term Hyperprolactinemia Reduces the Expression of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors during Allergic Inflammatory Response of the Lungs. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25:34-41. [PMID: 29874677 DOI: 10.1159/000489312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously shown that domperidone-induced short-term hyperprolactinemia reduces the lung's allergic inflammatory response in an ovalbumin antigenic challenge model. Since purinergic receptor P2X7R activity leads to proinflammatory cytokine release and is possibly related to the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory conditions, the present study was designed to investigate a possible involvement of purinergic and prolactin receptors in this phenomenon. METHODS To induce hyperprolactinemia, domperidone was injected intraperitoneally in rats at a dose of 5.1 mg × kg-1 per day for 5 days. P2X7 expression was evaluated by lung immunohistochemistry while prolactin receptor expression in bronchoalveolar lavage leukocytes was analyzed through flow cytometry. RESULTS Previous reports demonstrated that rats subjected to short-term hyperprolactinemia exhibited a decrease in leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, especially granulocytes. Here, it is revealed that hyperprolactinemia promotes an increased expression of prolactin receptors in granulocytes. Also, increased expression of purinergic P2X7R observed in allergic animals was significantly reduced by hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS Both purinergic and prolactin receptor expression changes occur during the anti-asthmatic effect of hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E Ochoa-Amaya
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | | | - Lilian B Namazu
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atilio S Calefi
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla N Tobaruela
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Margatho
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Ligeiro de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Felicio
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamasato EK, Lovelock D, Palermo-Neto J, Deak T. Assessment of social behavior directed toward sick partners and its relation to central cytokine expression in rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 182:128-136. [PMID: 29031549 PMCID: PMC5672824 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute illness not only reduces the expression of social behavior by sick rodents, but can also lead to avoidance responses when detected by healthy, would-be social partners. When healthy animals interact with a sick partner, an intriguing question arises: does exposure to a sick conspecific elicit an anticipatory immune response that would facilitate defense against future infection? To address this question, healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=64) were given a brief social interaction (30min) with a partner that was either sick (250μg/kg injection with lipopolysaccharide [LPS] 3h prior to test) or healthy (sterile saline injection). During this exposure, social behavior directed toward the healthy or sick conspecific was measured. Additionally, the impact of housing condition was assessed, with rats group- or isolate-housed. Immediately after social interaction, brains were harvested for cytokine assessments within socially-relevant brain structures (olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus and PVN). As expected, behavioral results demonstrated that (i) there was a robust suppression of social interaction directed against sick conspecifics; and (ii) isolate-housing generally increased social behavior. Furthermore, examination of central cytokine expression in healthy experimental subjects revealed a modest increase in TNF-α in rats that interacted with a sick social partner, but only in the olfactory bulb. Among the LPS-injected partners, expected increases in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression were observed across all brain sites. Moreover, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was exacerbated in LPS-injected partners that interacted with isolate-housed experimental subjects. Together, these data replicate and extend our prior work showing that healthy rats avoid sick conspecifics, and provide preliminary evidence for an anticipatory cytokine response when rats are exposed to a sick partner. These data also provide new evidence to suggest that recent housing history potently modulates cytokine responses evoked by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Kenji Hamasato
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - Dennis Lovelock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States.
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Quinteiro-Filho WM, Calefi AS, Cruz DSG, Aloia TPA, Zager A, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira JA, Sharif S, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress decreases expression of the cytokines, avian β-defensins 4 and 6 and Toll-like receptor 2 in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 186:19-28. [PMID: 28413046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A high ambient temperature is a highly relevant stressor in poultry production. Heat stress (HS) has been reported to reduce animal welfare, performance indices and increase Salmonella susceptibility. Salmonella spp. are major zoonotic pathogen that cause over 1 billion of human infections worldwide annually. Therefore, the current study was designed to analyze the effect of heat stress on Salmonella infection in chickens through modulation of the immune responses. Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated via gavage at one day of age (106cfu/mL). Heat stress 31±1°C was applied from 35 to 41 days of age. Broiler chickens were divided into the following groups of 12 chickens: control (C); heat stress (HS31°C); S. Enteritidis positive control (PC); and S. Enteritidis+heat stress (PHS31°C). We observed that heat stress increased corticosterone serum levels. Concomitantly heat stress decreased (1) the IgA and IFN-γ plasmatic levels; (2) the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-12 in spleen and IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β in cecal tonsils; (3) the mRNA expression of AvBD4 and AvBD6 in cecal tonsils; and (4) the mRNA expression of TLR2 in spleen and cecal tonsils of chickens infected with S. Enteritidis (PHS31°C group). Heat stress also increased Salmonella colonization in the crop and caecum as well as Salmonella invasion to the spleen, liver and bone marrow, showing a deficiency in the control of S. Enteritidis induced infection. Together, the present data suggested that heat stress activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as observed by the increase in the corticosterone levels, which in turn presumably decreases the immune system activity, leading to an impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier and increasing chicken susceptibility to the invasion of different organs by S. Enteritidis .
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - A S Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D S G Cruz
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T P A Aloia
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Albert Einstein Jewish Institute for Education and Research, Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J A Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Sharif
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Machado TR, Alves GJ, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Palermo-Neto J. Cohabitation with an Ehrlich tumor-bearing cagemate induces immune but not behavioral changes in male mice. Physiol Behav 2017; 169:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Margatho RO, Massoco CDO, Calefi AS, Cruz DSG, Sandini TM, Alves GJ, Florio JC, Palermo-Neto J. Beta-Adrenergic Blockade Decreases the Neuroimmune Changes in Mice Induced by Cohabitation with an Ehrlich Tumor-Bearing Cage Mate. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:40-53. [PMID: 28787722 DOI: 10.1159/000477938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cohabitation with Ehrlich tumor-bearing (ETB) mice induced behavioral, neurochemical, hormonal, and immune effects in the conspecifics as a consequence of stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) with catecholamine release. In the current study, the nonspecific β-AR blocker d,l-propranolol and the specific β2-AR blocker ICI-118.551 were employed as pharmacological tools to assess the extent to which catecholamines participated in the effects induced by cohabitation with ETB mice. METHODS Two experiments were performed, 1 with d,l-propranolol treatment and the other with ICI-118.551. One mouse in the experimental group was called the "companion of the sick partner" (CSP) since it was forced to live in the same cage with 2 (experiment 1) or 1 (experiment 2) cage mate that had been i.p. injected with 5 × 106 Ehrlich tumor cells. RESULTS The d,l-propranolol treatment, but not the ICI-118.551 treatment, attenuated the effects of cohabitation with 2 ETB mice on both open-field behavior and the hypothalamic levels and turnover rate of norepinephrine. The 2 β-AR blockers were unable to change the serum corticosterone levels and adrenal weights of the CSP mice; however, these drugs abrogated the effects of cohabitation on neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytosis. Finally, an increase in the 5-HT turnover rate was observed in the olfactory bulb of CSP mice compared to their respective controls, an effect that was not modified by β-AR blockade. CONCLUSION These results confirm and strengthen our hypothesis that the SNS is involved in the effects induced by cohabitation with ETB mice and point towards β2-AR participation in the immune effects analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O Margatho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Calefi AS, da Silva Fonseca JG, Cohn DWH, Honda BTB, Costola-de-Souza C, Tsugiyama LE, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Piantino Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. The gut-brain axis interactions during heat stress and avian necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1005-14. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Calefi AS, de Siqueira A, Namazu LB, Costola-de-Souza C, Honda BBT, Ferreira AJP, Quinteiro-Filho WM, da Silva Fonseca JG, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of heat stress on the formation of splenic germinal centres and immunoglobulins in broilers infected by Clostridium perfringens type A. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:38-46. [PMID: 26964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Avian necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens is a disease that affects mainly the first weeks of poultry's life. The pathogenesis of NE is complex and involves the combination of several factors, such as co-infection with different species of coccidia, immunosuppression and stress. Stress is one of the main limiting factors in poultry production. Although several studies emphasized the effects of stress on immunity, few works analyzed these effects on immunoglobulins and on germinal centres (GCs), which are specialized microenvironments, responsible for generating immune cells with high affinity antibodies and memory B-lymphocytes. Thus, the effects of heat stress associated or not with thioglycolate broth culture medium intake and/or C. perfringens infection on corticosterone serum levels, spleen GCs development and immunoglobulin production in broilers were evaluated. Results showed that heat stress, thioglycolate and C. perfringens per se increased corticosterone serum levels, although this was not observed in heat stressed and thioglycolate and C. perfringens-treated chickens. The serum levels of IgA, IgM and IgY were differently affected by heat stress and/or infection/thioglycolate. Heat stress decreased the duodenal concentrations of sIgA, which was accompanied by a reduction in GCs number in the duodenal lamina propria; a trend to similar findings of sIgA concentrations was observed in the chickens' jejunum. Changes in spleen and Bursa of Fabricius relative weights as well as in spleen morphometry were also noted in heat stressed animals, infected or not. Together, these data suggest that heat stress change GCs formation in chickens infected or not, which that may lead to failures in vaccination protocols as well as in the poultries' host resistance to infectious diseases during periods of exposure to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atílio Sersun Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana de Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Bernadete Namazu
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Costola-de-Souza
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Bueno Takashi Honda
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio José Piantino Ferreira
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Moreno Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Garcia da Silva Fonseca
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Borsoi A, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Calefi AS, Piantino Ferreira AJ, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Florio JC, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of cold stress andSalmonellaHeidelberg infection on bacterial load and immunity of chickens. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:490-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1086976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ochoa-Amaya JE, Hamasato EK, Tobaruela CN, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Anselmo Franci JA, Palermo-Neto J, Greiffo FR, de Britto AA, Vieira RP, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Massoco CDO, Felicio LF. Short-term hyperprolactinemia decreases allergic inflammatory response of the lungs. Life Sci 2015; 142:66-75. [PMID: 26477293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prolactin is a major immunomodulator. The present study evaluated the effects of short-term hyperprolactinemia induced by domperidone before ovalbumin antigenic challenge on the lung's allergic inflammatory response. MAIN METHODS To induce hyperprolactinemia, domperidone was injected in rats at a dose of 5.1mg·kg(-1) per day, i.p., for 5days from 10th to 14th day after OVA immunization. Total and differential leukocyte counts from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), femoral marrow lavage (FML), and blood were analyzed. The percentages of mucus and collagen production were evaluated. Levels of corticosterone and prolactin in serum, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lung explants supernatants were measured and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in bronchiolar lavage cells suspensions (BAL) was measured. KEY FINDINGS The rats that were subjected to short-term hyperprolactinemia exhibited a decrease in leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, cellularity decrease in femoral marrow lavage fluid, a lower percentage of mucus, and an increase in lung IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ expression. SIGNIFICANCE Hyperprolactinemia induced before antigenic challenge decreased allergic lung inflammation. These data suggest that prolactin may play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. The present study demonstrates a prospective beneficial side effect of domperidone for asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E Ochoa-Amaya
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Eduardo K Hamasato
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla N Tobaruela
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Queiroz-Hazarbassanov
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo Franci
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia da Reprodução, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia R Greiffo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Auriléia Aparecida de Britto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Ligeiro de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina de O Massoco
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Felicio
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterináriae Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Honda BTB, Calefi AS, Costola-de-Souza C, Quinteiro-Filho WM, da Silva Fonseca JG, de Paula VF, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of heat stress on peripheral T and B lymphocyte profiles and IgG and IgM serum levels in broiler chickens vaccinated for Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2375-81. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Zager A, Peron JP, Mennecier G, Rodrigues SC, Aloia TP, Palermo-Neto J. Maternal immune activation in late gestation increases neuroinflammation and aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:159-71. [PMID: 25108214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by an autoimmune response against myelin antigens driven by autoreactive T cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that environmental factors, such as previous infection, can influence and trigger autoimmune responses. However, the importance of the gestational period, particularly under inflammatory conditions, on the modulation of MS and related neuroinflammation by the offspring is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during late gestation on the neuroinflammatory response in primary mixed glial cultures and on the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, an animal model of MS) in the offspring. LPS (Escherichia coli 0127:B8, 120μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57BL/6J mice on gestational day 17, and the offspring were assigned to two experiments: (1) mixed glial cultures generated using the brain of neonates, stimulated in vitro with LPS, and (2) adult offspring immunized with MOG35-55. The EAE clinical symptoms were followed for 30days. Different sets of animals were sacrificed either during the onset (7days post-immunization [p.i.]), when spleen and lymph nodes were collected, or the peak of disease (20days p.i.), when CNS were collected for flow cytometry, cytokine production, and protein/mRNA-expression analysis. The primary CNS cultures from the LPS-treated group produced exaggerated amounts of IL-6, IL-1β and nitrites after in vitro stimulus, while IL-10 production was lowered compared to the data of the control group. Prenatal exposure to LPS worsened EAE disease severity in adult offspring, and this worsening was linked to increased CNS-infiltrating macrophages, Th1 cells and Th17 cells at the peak of EAE severity; additionally, exacerbated gliosis was evidenced in microglia (MHC II) and astrocytes (GFAP protein level and immunoreactivity). The IL-2, IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the spleen and lymph nodes were increased in the offspring of the LPS-exposed dams. Our results indicate that maternal immune activation during late gestation predispose the offspring to increased neuroinflammation and potentiate the autoimmune response and clinical manifestation of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jean Pierre Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregory Mennecier
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Aloia
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alves GJ, Palermo-Neto J. Odor cues released by Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice are aversive and induce psychological stress. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:121-9. [PMID: 24714518 DOI: 10.1159/000358253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to verify if odor cues released by Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice are aversive and stressful. METHODS Female mice were divided into a control group and an experimental group. One animal of each experimental pair of mice was inoculated with 5 × 10(6) Ehrlich tumor cells intraperitoneally; the other animal was kept undisturbed and was referred to as a CSP (companion of sick partner). One mouse of each control pair was treated intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl (1 mg/kg); the other animal (CHP, companion of healthy partner) was kept undisturbed. RESULTS It was shown that, in relation to CHP, CSP mice (1) spent less time within the companion zone in a T-maze place preference test, (2) had increased levels of social interaction, (3) had increased levels of plasmatic adrenaline and noradrenaline and (4) displayed no changes in serum corticosterone levels before and after an immobilization stress challenge. It was also shown that (5) cohabitation with 2 tumor-bearing mice was more effective in decreasing neutrophil oxidative burst than cohabitation with 1 sick partner and (6) the presence of a healthy conspecific within the cage of the tumor-injected/CSP pair abrogated the effects of cohabitation on neutrophil activity. These results show that odor cues released by Ehrlich tumor-injected mice are aversive and induce psychological stress. CONCLUSION We postulate that the aversive response induced by the chemosignals released by Ehrlich tumor-injected animals activates the sympathetic nervous system and causes the neuroimmunal changes that occur in the mice cohabiting with the sick mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucie Jussilane Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamasato EK, de Lima APN, de Oliveira APL, dos Santos Franco AL, de Lima WT, Palermo-Neto J. Cohabitation with a sick partner increases allergic lung inflammatory response in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:109-17. [PMID: 24929194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between the nervous system and the immune system is relevant for homeostatic organism maintenance. Studies from our laboratory showed that 14days of cohabitation with a sick partner (injected with Ehrlich tumor cells-TAE) produced behavioral, neurochemical, endocrinological and immunological changes. This study analyzes the effects of cohabitation with an Ehrlich tumor-bearing animal on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammatory response in mice. Pairs of male mice were divided into three groups: naïve, control and experimental. Animals of the naïve group were kept undisturbed being used for the assessment of basal parameters. One animal of each experimental and control pair of mice was immunized with OVA. On ED(0), these OVA-immunized animals received an OVA booster. At this day (D(0)) the experimental mice that were kept undisturbed were inoculated with 5×10(6) Ehrlich tumor cells; their immunized cage-mates were then referred as to CSP ("companion of sick partner"). The undisturbed mice of each control pair were i.p. treated on D(0) with 0.9% NaCl; their sensitized cage-mates were subsequently referred as CHP ("companion of health partner"). The OVA challenge was performed on CSP and CHP mice on ED(12) and ED(13); blood and tissue collection were performed on ED(14). Fourteen days after cohabitation, in comparison to the CHP mice, the CSP mice displayed the following: (1) an increased number of eosinophils and neutrophils in the BAL, (2) a decreased bone marrow cell count, (3) increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and decreased levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in the BAL supernatant, (5) increased levels of IgG1-OVA, decreased levels of IgG2a-OVA and no changes in OVA-specific IgE in the peripheral blood, (6) increased expression of L-selectin in the BAL granulocytes, (7) decreased tracheal reactivity to methacholine measured in vitro, (8) no changes in plasma corticosterone levels and (9) increased levels of plasmatic noradrenaline. These results suggest that allergic lung inflammatory response exacerbation in CSP mice is a consequence of the psychological stress induced by forced cohabitation with the sick partner. Strong involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through adrenaline and noradrenaline release and a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile toward a Th2 response were considered to be the mechanisms underlying the cell recruitment to the animal's airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Kenji Hamasato
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nascimento de Lima
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino dos Santos Franco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ribeiro A, Almeida VI, Costola-de-Souza C, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Vitoretti LB, Gimenes-Junior JA, Akamine AT, Crippa JA, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. Cannabidiol improves lung function and inflammation in mice submitted to LPS-induced acute lung injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 37:35-41. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.976794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Calefi AS, Honda BTB, Costola-de-Souza C, de Siqueira A, Namazu LB, Quinteiro-Filho WM, da Silva Fonseca JG, Aloia TPA, Piantino-Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of long-term heat stress in an experimental model of avian necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1344-53. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gomes AVS, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Baskeville E, Akamine AT, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP, Palermo-Neto J. Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increases Salmonella Enteritidis invasion in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:82-90. [PMID: 24350836 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.874006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m(2) on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V S Gomes
- a Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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Bernardi MM, Teixeira LP, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J, Kirsten TB. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure induces sexually dimorphic sickness behavior in adult rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zager A, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Palermo-Neto J. Maternal immune activation increases the corticosterone response to acute stress without affecting the hypothalamic monoamine content and sleep patterns in male mice offspring. Neuroimmunomodulation 2014; 21:37-44. [PMID: 24216750 DOI: 10.1159/000355466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Early life experiences are homeostatic determinants for adult organisms. We evaluated the impact of prenatal immune activation during late gestation on the neuroimmune-endocrine function of adult offspring and its interaction with acute stress. METHODS Pregnant Swiss mice received saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gestational day 17. Adult male offspring were assigned to the control or restraint stress condition. We analyzed plasmatic corticosterone and catecholamine levels, the monoamine content in the hypothalamus, striatum and frontal cortex, and the sleep-wake cycle before and after acute restraint stress. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Offspring from LPS-treated dams had increased baseline norepinephrine levels and potentiated corticosterone secretion after the acute stressor, and no effect was observed on hypothalamic monoamine content or sleep behavior. The offspring of immune-activated dams exhibited impairments in stress-induced serotonergic and dopaminergic alterations in the striatum and frontal cortex. The data demonstrate a distinction between the plasmatic levels of corticosterone in response to acute stress and the hypothalamic monoamine content and sleep patterns. We provide new evidence regarding the influence of immune activation during late gestation on the neuroendocrine homeostasis of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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Zager A, Pinheiro ML, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Ribeiro A, Palermo-Neto J. Increased cell-mediated immunity in male mice offspring exposed to maternal immune activation during late gestation. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:633-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Anselmo-Franci JA, Palermo-Neto J, Felicio LF. Prior reproductive experience alters prolactin-induced macrophage responses in pregnant rats. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 99:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hamasato EK, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A, Ribeiro A, Ferraz de Paula V, Peron JPS, Damazo AS, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of MK-801 and amphetamine treatments on allergic lung inflammatory response in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:436-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soto AM, Kirsten TB, Reis-Silva TM, Martins MF, Teodorov E, Flório JC, Palermo-Neto J, Bernardi MM, Bondan EF. Single early prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure impairs striatal monoamines and maternal care in female rats. Life Sci 2013; 92:852-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quinteiro-Filho WM, Gomes AVS, Pinheiro ML, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected withSalmonellaEnteritidis. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:421-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.709315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A, Acceturi BG, Hamasato EK, Machado ID, Gimenes Júnior JA, Vieira RDP, Damazo AS, Farsky SHP, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. Long-term amphetamine treatment exacerbates inflammatory lung reaction while decreases airway hyper-responsiveness after allergic stimulus in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:523-9. [PMID: 23026442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an allergic lung disease can be modulated by drugs that modify the activity of central nervous system (CNS) such as amphetamine (AMPH). AMPH is a highly abused drug that exerts potent effects on behavior and immunity. In this study we investigated the mechanism involved in the effects of long-term AMPH treatment on the increased magnitude of allergic lung response. We evaluated mast cells degranulation, cytokines release, airways responsiveness and, expression of adhesion molecules. Male Wistar rats were treated with AMPH or vehicle (PBS) for 21 days and sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) one week after the first injection of vehicle or AMPH. Fourteen days after the sensitization, the rats were challenged with an OVA aerosol, and 24h later their parameters were analyzed. In allergic rats, the treatment with AMPH exacerbated the lung cell recruitment due increased expression of ICAM-1, PECAM-1 and Mac-1 in granulocytes and macrophages recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage. Elevated levels of IL-4, but decreased levels of IL-10 were also found in samples of lung explants after AMPH treatment. Conversely, the ex-vivo tracheal hyper-responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was reduced by AMPH treatment, whereas the force contraction of tracheal segments due to in vitro antigen challenge remained unaltered. Our findings suggest that lung inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness due to OVA challenge are under the distinct control of AMPH during long-term treatment. Our data strongly indicate that AMPH positively modulates allergic lung inflammation via the increase of ICAM-1, PECAM-1, Mac-1 and IL-4. AMPH also abrogates the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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Cohn DWH, Kinoshita D, Palermo-Neto J. Antidepressants prevent hierarchy destabilization induced by lipopolysaccharide administration in mice: a neurobiological approach to depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1262:67-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kirsten TB, Chaves-Kirsten GP, Chaible LM, Silva AC, Martins DO, Britto LRG, Dagli MLZ, Torrão AS, Palermo-Neto J, Bernardi MM. Hypoactivity of the central dopaminergic system and autistic-like behavior induced by a single early prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1903-12. [PMID: 22714803 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral patterns associated with autism and the prevalence of these behaviors in males and females, to verify whether our model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration represents an experimental model of autism. For this, we prenatally exposed Wistar rats to LPS (100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally, on gestational day 9.5), which mimics infection by gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, because the exact mechanisms by which autism develops are still unknown, we investigated the neurological mechanisms that might underlie the behavioral alterations that were observed. Because we previously had demonstrated that prenatal LPS decreases striatal dopamine (DA) and metabolite levels, the striatal dopaminergic system (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH] and DA receptors D1a and D2) and glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR. Our results show that prenatal LPS exposure impaired communication (ultrasonic vocalizations) in male pups and learning and memory (T-maze spontaneous alternation) in male adults, as well as inducing repetitive/restricted behavior, but did not change social interactions in either infancy (play behavior) or adulthood in females. Moreover, although the expression of DA receptors was unchanged, the experimental animals exhibited reduced striatal TH levels, indicating that reduced DA synthesis impaired the striatal dopaminergic system. The expression of glial cell markers was not increased, which suggests that prenatal LPS did not induce permanent neuroinflammation in the striatum. Together with our previous finding of social impairments in males, the present findings demonstrate that prenatal LPS induced autism-like effects and also a hypoactivation of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago B Kirsten
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zager A, Mennecier G, Palermo-Neto J. Maternal immune activation in late gestation enhances locomotor response to acute but not chronic amphetamine treatment in male mice offspring: Role of the D1 receptor. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Vitoretti LB, Mariano-Souza DP, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Akamine AT, Almeida VI, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Palermo-Neto J. Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: role for the adenosine A(2A) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 678:78-85. [PMID: 22265864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is an inflammatory condition for which treatment is mainly supportive because effective therapies have not been developed. Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid component of marijuana (Cannabis sativa), has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we investigated the possible anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in a murine model of acute lung injury. Analysis of total inflammatory cells and differential in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was used to characterize leukocyte migration into the lungs; myeloperoxidase activity of lung tissue and albumin concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed by colorimetric assays; cytokine/chemokine production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also analyzed by Cytometric Bead Arrays and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A single dose of cannabidiol (20mg/kg) administered prior to the induction of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced acute lung injury decreases leukocyte (specifically neutrophil) migration into the lungs, albumin concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, myeloperoxidase activity in the lung tissue, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1 and MIP-2) 1, 2, and 4days after the induction of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Additionally, adenosine A(2A) receptor is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol on LPS-induced acute lung injury because ZM241385 (4-(2-[7-Amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol) (a highly selective antagonist of adenosine A(2A) receptor) abrogated all of the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol previously described. Thus, we show that cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of acute lung injury and that this effect is most likely associated with an increase in the extracellular adenosine offer and signaling through adenosine A(2A) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ribeiro
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - CEP 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Quinteiro-Filho WM, Rodrigues MV, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Sá LRM, Ferreira AJP, Palermo-Neto J. Acute heat stress impairs performance parameters and induces mild intestinal enteritis in broiler chickens: role of acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1986-94. [PMID: 22228037 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the environmental consequences of stress are relevant for economic and animal welfare reasons. We recently reported that long-term heat stressors (31 ± 1°C and 36 ± 1°C for 10 h/d) applied to broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from d 35 to 42 of life increased serum corticosterone concentrations, decreased performance variables and the macrophage oxidative burst, and produced mild, multifocal acute enteritis. Being cognizant of the relevance of acute heat stress on tropical and subtropical poultry production, we designed the current experiment to analyze, from a neuroimmune perspective, the effects of an acute heat stress (31 ± 1°C for 10 h on d 35 of life) on serum corticosterone, performance variables, intestinal histology, and peritoneal macrophage activity in chickens. We demonstrated that the acute heat stress increased serum corticosterone concentrations and mortality and decreased food intake, BW gain, and feed conversion (P < 0.05). We did not find changes in the relative weights of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius (P > 0.05). Increases in the basal and the Staphylococcus aureus-induced macrophage oxidative bursts and a decrease in the percentage of macrophages performing phagocytosis were also observed. Finally, mild, multifocal acute enteritis, characterized by the increased presence of lymphocytes and plasmocytes within the lamina propria of the jejunum, was also observed. We found that the stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation was responsible for the negative effects observed on chicken performance and immune function as well as for the changes in the intestinal mucosa. The data presented here corroborate with those presented in other studies in the field of neuroimmunomodulation and open new avenues for the improvement of broiler chicken welfare and production performance.
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Vismari L, Alves GJ, Muscará MN, Palermo-Neto J. A possible role to nitric oxide in the anti-inflammatory effects of amitriptyline. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:578-85. [PMID: 22208160 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.638305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are reported to display anti-inflammatory effects. Nitric oxide (NO), in turn, has a key role in inflammation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of amitriptyline co-administered with L-NAME (a NO synthase inhibitor) on certain parameters of acute inflammatory response in rats, as a form to investigate a possible participation of NO in the anti-inflammatory effects of amitriptyline. For this, two animal models were used: carrageenan-induced paw edema and acute peritonitis. In the last one, peritoneal exudate, adhesion molecules expression by peripheral blood leukocytes and serum cytokines levels were evaluated. In a noninflammatory condition, serum levels of nitrates were determined. L-NAME induced a potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effects of amitriptyline (p < 0.05) in the paw edema model; however, these effects were not abrogated when L-NAME was substituted by L-arginine administration. A decrease in both leukocyte concentration and total number of cells in the peritoneal exudate and a reduction in the total serum levels of nitrates were observed with co-administration of L-NAME and amitriptyline (p < 0.05). No significant differences among groups were found concerning the expression of adhesion molecules by peripheral blood leukocytes (p > 0.05). There was a significant decrease on IL-1β and TNF-α serum levels in the experimental groups when compared to the control animals. Together the present results and the literature suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of amitriptyline may be due to a decrease in NO production. A decrease in IL-1β/TNF-α serum levels may also be implicated in the results observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Vismari
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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Stankevicius D, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Ribeiro A, Pinheiro ML, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Damazo AS, Lapachinske SF, Moreau RLM, Tavares de Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) decreases inflammation and airway reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:209-19. [PMID: 22441537 DOI: 10.1159/000334098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is a synthetic drug used recreationally, mainly by young people. It has been suggested that MDMA has a Th cell skewing effect, in which Th1 cell activity is suppressed and Th2 cell activity is increased. Experimental allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rodents is a useful model to study Th2 response; therefore, based on the Th2 skewing effect of MDMA, we studied MDMA in a model of allergic lung inflammation in OVA-sensitized mice. METHODS We evaluated cell trafficking in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and bone marrow; cytokine production; L-selectin expression and lung histology. We also investigated the effects of MDMA on tracheal reactivity in vitro and mast cell degranulation. RESULTS We found that MDMA given prior to OVA challenge in OVA-sensitized mice decreased leukocyte migration into the lung, as revealed by a lower cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung histologic analysis. We also showed that MDMA decreased expression of both Th2-like cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) and adhesion molecules (L-selectin). Moreover, we showed that the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is partially involved in the MDMA-induced reduction in leukocyte migration into the lung. Finally, we showed that MDMA decreased tracheal reactivity to methacholine as well as mast cell degranulation in situ. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we report here that MDMA given prior to OVA challenge in OVA-sensitized allergic mice is able to decrease lung inflammation and airway reactivity and that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation is partially involved. Together, the data strongly suggest an involvement of a neuroimmune mechanism in the effects of MDMA on lung inflammatory response and cell recruitment to the lungs of allergic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stankevicius
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Lima CB, Tamura EK, Montero-Melendez T, Palermo-Neto J, Perretti M, Markus RP, Farsky SHP. Actions of translocator protein ligands on neutrophil adhesion and motility induced by G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:918-23. [PMID: 22209795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) also known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), mediates the transportation of cholesterol and anions from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane in different cells types. Although recent evidences indicate a potential role for TSPO in the development of inflammatory processes, the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. The present study investigated the ability of the specific TSPO ligands, the isoquinoline carboxamide PK11195 and benzodiazepine Ro5-4864, on neutrophil recruitment promoted by the N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine peptide (fMLP), an agonist of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Pre-treatment with Ro5-4864 abrograted fMLP-induced leukocyte-endothelial interactions in mesenteric postcapillary venules in vivo. Moreover, in vitro Ro5-4864 treatment prevented fMLP-induced: (i) L-selectin shedding and overexpression of PECAM-1 on the neutrophil cell surface; (ii) neutrophil chemotaxis and (iii) enhancement of intracellular calcium cations (iCa(+2)). Intriguingly, the two latter effects were augmented by cell treatment with PK11195. An allosteric agonist/antagonist relation may be suggested, as the effects of Ro5-4864 on fMLP-stimulated neutrophils were reverted by simultaneous treatment with PK11195. Taken together, these data highlight TSPO as a modulator of pathways of neutrophil adhesion and locomotion induced by GPCR, connecting TSPO actions and the onset of an innate inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bento de Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kirsten TB, Chaves GP, Taricano M, Martins DO, Flório JC, Britto LRGD, Torrão ADS, Palermo-Neto J, Bernardi MM. Prenatal LPS exposure reduces olfactory perception in neonatal and adult rats. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:417-22. [PMID: 21570993 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure causes reproductive, behavioral and neurochemical defects in both dams and pups. The present study evaluated male rats prenatally treated with LPS for behavioral and neurological effects related to the olfactory system, which is the main sensorial path in rodents. Pregnant Wistar rats received 100 μg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.) on gestational day (GD) 9.5, and maternal behavior was evaluated. Pups were evaluated for (1) maternal odor preference, (2) aversion to cat odor, (3) monoamine levels and turnover in the olfactory bulb (OB) and (4) protein expression (via immunoblotting) within the OB dopaminergic system and glial cells. Results showed that prenatal LPS exposure impaired maternal preference and cat odor aversion and decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the OB. This dopaminergic impairment may have been due to defects in another brain area given that protein expression of the first enzyme in the DA biosynthetic pathway was unchanged in the OB. Moreover, there was no change in the protein expression of the DA receptors. The fact that the number of astrocytes and microglia was not increased suggests that prenatal LPS did not induce neuroinflammation in the OB. Furthermore, given that maternal care was not impaired, abnormalities in the offspring were not the result of reduced maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ferraz-de-Paula V, Stankevicius D, Ribeiro A, Pinheiro M, Rodrigues-Costa E, Florio J, Lapachinske S, Moreau R, Palermo-Neto J. Differential behavioral outcomes of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-ecstasy) in anxiety-like responses in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferraz-de-Paula V, Stankevicius D, Ribeiro A, Pinheiro ML, Rodrigues-Costa EC, Florio JC, Lapachinske SF, Moreau RLM, Palermo-Neto J. Differential behavioral outcomes of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-ecstasy) in anxiety-like responses in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:428-37. [PMID: 21503414 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiolytic and anxiogenic-like behavioral outcomes have been reported for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) in rodents. In the present experiment, we attempted to identify behavioral, hormonal and neurochemical outcomes of MDMA treatment to clarify its effects on anxiety-related responses in 2-month-old Balb/c male mice (25-35 g; N = 7-10 mice/group). The behavioral tests used were open field, elevated plus maze, hole board, and defensive behavior against predator odor. Moreover, we also determined striatal dopamine and dopamine turnover, and serum corticosterone levels. MDMA was injected ip at 0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg. MDMA at 10 mg/kg induced the following significant (P < 0.05) effects: a) a dose-dependent increase in the distance traveled and in the time spent moving in the open field; b) decreased exploratory activity in the hole board as measured by number of head dips and time spent in head dipping; c) increased number of open arm entries and increased time spent in open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze; d) increased time spent away from an aversive stimulus and decreased number of risk assessments in an aversive odor chamber; e) increased serum corticosterone levels, and f) increased striatal dopamine level and turnover. Taken together, these data suggest an anxiogenic-like effect of acute MDMA treatment, despite the fact that behavioral anxiety expression was impaired in some of the behavioral tests used as a consequence of the motor stimulating effects of MDMA.
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Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Anselmo-Franci JA, Maiorka PC, Palermo-Neto J, Felicio LF. Prolactin differentially modulates the macrophage activity of lactating rats: possible role of reproductive experience. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pinheiro ML, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Ribeiro A, Sakai M, Bernardi MM, Palermo-Neto J. Long-term maternal separation differentially alters serum corticosterone levels and blood neutrophil activity in A/J and C57BL/6 mouse offspring. Neuroimmunomodulation 2011; 18:184-90. [PMID: 21311204 DOI: 10.1159/000323516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this work, we searched for maternal separation effects on serum corticosterone levels and blood neutrophil activity in adult male A/J and C57BL/6 mouse offspring. METHODS 40 male A/J mice and 40 male C57BL/6 mice were divided within each strain into two groups. Mice in the maternal separation group were separated from their mothers (1 h/day) on postnatal days 0-13. Mice in the control group were left undisturbed. On postnatal day 45, blood was drawn from all mice and used to assess neutrophil activity by flow cytometry and serum corticosterone levels by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The results showed that each mouse strain responded differently to maternal separation, but in both cases, serum corticosterone levels were affected. In both strains, adult mice that experienced maternal separation showed lower serum corticosterone levels than control mice. In relation to control mice kept together with their mothers, the levels of serum corticosterone were 72.7 and 36.36% lower in A/J and C57BL/6 mice submitted to maternal separation, respectively. The current findings showed that maternal separation increased neutrophil activity in mice after reaching adulthood. The observed effects, although in the same direction, differed between A/J and C57BL/6 mice. Maternal separation increased both the percentage and intensity of phagocytosis in C57BL/6 mice, but had no effects on A/J mice. Furthermore, maternal separation increased basal and propidium iodide-labeled Staphylococcus aureus-induced oxidative burst in A/J mice but did not affect oxidative burst in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, phorbol myristate acetate-induced oxidative burst increased in both strains. CONCLUSION These results indicate that early maternal separation increases innate immunity, most likely by modifying hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. This suggests that maternal separation is a good model for stress which produces long-term neuroimmune changes whatever the animal species and strain used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Lobão Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
High doses of diazepam reduce the inflammatory paw edema in rats. This effect was attributed to an action of diazepam on the Translocator Protein (TSPO). We evaluated the effects of diazepam (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on leukocyte rolling and migration. In carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, diazepam decreased the interaction of leukocytes with endothelial cells (rolling) and the number of leukocytes in the mesentery (migration). RU486 (antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors) reduced the effects of diazepam on leukocyte rolling and migration, suggesting a participation of endogenous corticosteroids. We also showed that the effects of diazepam on leukocyte-endothelium interactions are mediated by nitric oxide (NO), since prior treatment with l-arginine (precursor of NO) partially precludes the inhibitory effects of diazepam; conversely, pretreatment with L-NAME (false substrate of the NO synthase) somewhat potentiates the effects of diazepam. The pathways that underlie the effects of diazepam remain to be further elucidated, but we believe that both local and systemic mechanisms may overlap to explain the influence of diazepam on leukocyte-endothelium interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lazzarini
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira APL, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, Hamasato EK, Quinteiro-Filho W, Hebeda CB, Damazo AS, Farsky SHP, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. Amphetamine modulates cellular recruitment and airway reactivity in a rat model of allergic lung inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2010; 200:117-23. [PMID: 21093552 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by pulmonary cellular infiltration, vascular exudation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Several drugs that modify central nervous system (CNS) activity can modulate the course of asthma. Amphetamine (AMPH) is a highly abused drug that presents potent stimulating effects on the CNS and has been shown to induce behavioral, biochemical and immunological effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AMPH on pulmonary cellular influx, vascular permeability and airway reactivity. AMPH effects on adhesion molecule expression, IL-10 and IL-4 release and mast cell degranulation were also studied. Male Wistar rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum via subcutaneous injection. One week later, the rats received another injection of OVA-alum (booster). Two weeks after this booster, the rats were subjected to AMPH treatment 12 h prior to the OVA airway challenge. In rats treated with AMPH, the OVA challenge reduced cell recruitment into the lung, the vascular permeability and the cellular expression of ICAM-1 and Mac-1. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were found in samples of lung explants from allergic rats. AMPH treatment, in comparison, increased IL-10 levels but reduced those of IL-4 in the lung explants. Moreover, the tracheal responsiveness to methacholine (MCh), as well as to an in vitro OVA challenge, was reduced by AMPH treatment, and levels of PCA titers were not modified by the drug. Our findings suggest that single AMPH treatment down-regulates several parameters of lung inflammation, such as cellular migration, vascular permeability and tracheal responsiveness. These results also indicate that AMPH actions on allergic lung inflammation include endothelium-leukocyte interaction mechanisms, cytokine release and mast cell degranulation.
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Vismari L, Alves GJ, Palermo-Neto J. Amitriptyline and acute inflammation: a study using intravital microscopy and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Pharmacology 2010; 86:231-9. [PMID: 20881447 DOI: 10.1159/000317064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Antidepressants are reported to exhibit antiinflammatory effects. However, mechanisms involved in this action have not been elucidated. Thus, the objectives of the present study were (a) to evaluate the effects of amitriptyline on the acute inflammatory process, and (b) to investigate the participation of α(1)-adrenergic receptors and glucocorticoids as possible mechanisms implicated in the amitriptyline action on inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Single and multiple doses of amitriptyline were administered to rats submitted to the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The results showed a significant antiedematous reaction to amitriptyline, mainly when administered at each elimination half-life. The next step was to evaluate its effects on leukocyte behavior, using intravital microscopy. Amitriptyline produced a significant effect on leukocyte behavior. To investigate possible mechanisms involved, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (RU-486) and an α(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist (prazosin) were used. RU-486 administration lacked the ability to decrease the amitriptyline antiinflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Prazosin pretreatment potentiated the amitriptyline antiinflammatory effect without presenting an effect per se. CONCLUSION The present study shows the ability of amitriptyline to decrease edema and affect leukocyte behavior in an acute inflammatory process; and, for the first time to our knowledge, we suggest the involvement of α(1)-adrenoceptors in the antiinflammatory effects of amitriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vismari
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Quinteiro-Filho W, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro M, Sakai M, Sá L, Ferreira A, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1905-14. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB, Matsuoka SM, Teodorov E, Habr SF, Penteado SHWN, Palermo-Neto J. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure affects maternal behavior and male offspring sexual behavior in adulthood. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:47-55. [PMID: 19816057 DOI: 10.1159/000243085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on the maternal behavior of pregnant rats and the physical development and sexual behavior of their male offspring in adulthood. METHODS For two experiments, pregnant rats were injected with LPS (250 microg/kg, i.p.) on gestation day (GD) 21. In the first experiment, the maternal behavior (postnatal day, PND, 6) and the dam's open-field general activity (PND7) were evaluated. In the second experiment, the maternal pre- and postnatal parameters, the pup's development, the offspring's sexual behavior in adulthood, and the pup's organ weights were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the LPS-treated dams presented reduced maternal behavior, decreased general activity, a smaller body weight difference between GD21 and PND1, a greater number of perinatal deaths, and smaller litters. For the male pups, LPS treatment resulted in a decreased body weight on PND2, whereas the anogenital distance and the day of testis descent were not modified. The male sexual behavior was impaired by prenatal LPS. Particularly the number of ejaculating animals was reduced. The testis weight was also lower in the prenatally LPS-treated rats than in the control rats. CONCLUSION We propose that prenatal LPS exposure on GD21 acts as an imprinting factor that interferes with the programming of brain sexual determination in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bernardi
- Department of Pathology, Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Stress has long been recognized as a putative modulator of immunity. Several clinical and experimental reports point to a role of physical and psychological stressors on progression or resistance to disease. Nonetheless, literature in this field is sometimes controversial due to the wide variety of stressors employed and parameters of immunity analyzed. This variation should not be considered a consequence of methodological inaccuracy. The stress response, although theoretically stereotyped in nature, may lead to slightly different outcomes according to several modifiers. Our group has compared the effects of several stressors over different parameters of brain activity, behavior, immunity and glucocorticoid levels. These data show altogether that while increased turnover of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus, along with anxiety-like behaviors and increase in serum corticosterone are present very often, the magnitude of changes in immunity may vary considerably. Thus, we review data from our group generated over the past decade to support that effects of stressors on immunity and behavior highly depend on their specifics, animal model, frequency, duration, intensity, perception, and coping by the stressed animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico A Costa-Pinto
- Department of Pathology, Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kirsten TB, Taricano M, Maiorka PC, Palermo-Neto J, Bernardi MM. Prenatal lipopolysaccharide reduces social behavior in male offspring. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:240-51. [PMID: 20203530 DOI: 10.1159/000290040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between maternal sickness behavior during pregnancy and offspring development and behavior. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 microg/kg, i.p.) on gestation day (GD) 9.5. Dams' sickness behavior was analyzed, and at birth, offspring number and weight were evaluated. Male offspring was evaluated through physical development, play behavior, adult social interaction, plus maze studies and morphological analysis of the brain. RESULTS Results, with respect to the control group, showed that: (1) LPS decreased general activity, food intake, and weight gain in dams, but no pyrexia was observed following treatment; (2) LPS reduced litter size, but no alterations in physical development were observed; (3) LPS reduced play behavior parameters in baby rats; (4) LPS decreased adult social interaction; (5) no alterations were observed between groups on plus maze studies; (6) no differences were observed between groups on morphological analyses of the brain. CONCLUSION These data reveal that LPS administered on GD 9.5 impaired male offspring's social behavior in infancy and adulthood. These results may be related to an alteration in motivational states or/and increased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago B Kirsten
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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