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Rial-Pensado E, Canaple L, Guyot R, Clemmensen C, Wiersema J, Wu S, Richard S, Boelen A, Müller TD, López M, Flamant F, Gauthier K. Neuronal Blockade of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Increases Sensitivity to Diet-Induced Obesity in Adult Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7045509. [PMID: 36801988 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone increases energy expenditure. Its action is mediated by TR, nuclear receptors present in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system, particularly in hypothalamic neurons. Here, we address the importance of thyroid hormone signaling in neurons, in general for the regulation of energy expenditure. We generated mice devoid of functional TR in neurons using the Cre/LoxP system. In hypothalamus, which is the center for metabolic regulation, mutations were present in 20% to 42% of the neurons. Phenotyping was performed under physiological conditions that trigger adaptive thermogenesis: cold and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mutant mice displayed impaired thermogenic potential in brown and inguinal white adipose tissues and were more prone to diet-induced obesity. They showed a decreased energy expenditure on chow diet and gained more weight on HFD. This higher sensitivity to obesity disappeared at thermoneutrality. Concomitantly, the AMPK pathway was activated in the ventromedial hypothalamus of the mutants as compared with the controls. In agreement, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) output, visualized by tyrosine hydroxylase expression, was lower in the brown adipose tissue of the mutants. In contrast, absence of TR signaling in the mutants did not affect their ability to respond to cold exposure. This study provides the first genetic evidence that thyroid hormone signaling exerts a significant influence in neurons to stimulate energy expenditure in some physiological context of adaptive thermogenesis. TR function in neurons to limit weight gain in response to HFD and this effect is associated with a potentiation of SNS output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rial-Pensado
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria & CIBER de la Fisiología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Laurence Canaple
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Joëlle Wiersema
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Shijia Wu
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Sabine Richard
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria & CIBER de la Fisiología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
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van Der Hoeven JA, Ter Horst GJ, Molema G, de Vos P, Girbes AR, Postema F, Freund RL, Wiersema J, van Schilfgaarde R, Ploeg RJ. Effects of brain death and hemodynamic status on function and immunologic activation of the potential donor liver in the rat. Ann Surg 2000; 232:804-13. [PMID: 11088075 PMCID: PMC1421273 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200012000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect on the function and immunologic status of potential donor livers of the duration of brain death combined with the presence and absence of hemodynamic instability in the donor. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Brain death, regarded as a given condition in organ transplantation, could have significant effects on the donor organ quality. METHODS Brain death was induced in Wistar rats. Short or long periods of brain death in the presence or absence of hemodynamic instability were applied. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Organ function was studied by monitoring standard serum parameters. The inflammatory status of the liver was assessed by determining the immediate early gene products, the expression of cell adhesion molecules, and the influx of leukocytes in the liver. RESULTS Progressive organ dysfunction was most pronounced in hemodynamically unstable brain-dead donors. Irrespective of hemodynamic status, a progressive inflammatory activation could be observed in brain-dead rats compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Brain death causes progressive liver dysfunction, which is made worse by the coexistence of hemodynamic instability. Further, brain death activates the inflammatory status of the potential donor liver, irrespective of the presence of hypotension. The changes observed may predispose the graft to additional damage from ischemia and reperfusion in the transplant procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A van Der Hoeven
- Departments of Surgery, Biological Psychiatry, and Clinical Immunology, Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Heesters M, Koudstaal J, Canrinus A, Wiersema J, Go K, Molenaar W. Analysis of proliferation and apoptosis in brain gliomas using MIB-1 monocional antibody and tunel labelling. Eur J Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)85625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van Echten J, Sleijfer DT, Wiersema J, Schraffordt Koops H, Oosterhuis JW, de Jong B. Cytogenetics of primary testicular nonseminoma, residual mature teratoma, and growing teratoma lesion in individual patients. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997; 96:1-6. [PMID: 9209461 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Residual mature teratoma (RMT) is often left behind when metastases of primary nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSs) are treated with chemotherapy. RMT is composed of fully differentiated somatic tissue. A growing teratoma (GTE) lesion may occur after (incomplete) resection of RMT. To shed light on tumor progression or the mechanism(s) of therapy related differentiation we investigated the chromosomal pattern of the primary NSs and RMTs in twelve patients, of the primary NS, RMT, and GTE lesion in one patient, and of the RMT and GTE lesion in two patients. Although several chromosomal differences are observed between the RMT and NSs and between the GTE and RMTs in the same patient, we obtained no evidence that specific chromosomal alteration(s) play a role in metastasis or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Echten
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dijkhuizen T, Molenaar WM, Hoekstra HJ, Wiersema J, van den Berg E. Cytogenetic analysis of a case of myxoid liposarcoma with cartilaginous differentiation. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1996; 92:141-3. [PMID: 8976371 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytogenetic analysis of a patient with a myxoid liposarcoma exhibiting cartilaginous differentiation is presented. A complex translocation involving chromosome 12, 16, and 19 was found, instead of the t(12;16), specific for myxoid liposarcoma. The involvement of 19q13 in a tumor with cartilaginous differentiation, and the assignment of TGF beta 1 to 19q13.1-13.2, which appears to play a role in the formation of bone and cartilage, suggest a possible relation between both.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cartilage/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/genetics
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/pathology
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/radiotherapy
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid/surgery
- Male
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dijkhuizen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Groningen University, The Netherlands
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van Echten J, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH, van de Pol M, Wiersema J, te Meerman GJ, Schaffordt Koops H, Sleijfer DT, de Jong B. No recurrent structural abnormalities apart from i(12p) in primary germ cell tumors of the adult testis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 14:133-44. [PMID: 8527395 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870140208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation may be caused by gene deregulation resulting from specific chromosomal rearrangements, by amplification, by mutations in proto-oncogenes, by loss of tumor suppressor genes, or a combination of these. We investigated the role of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in 102 cytogenetically abnormal cases of primary testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults (TGCT) [32 seminomas (SE) and 70 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NS)]. We confirmed that an isochromosome for 12p, i(12p), is the only consistent structural chromosomal abnormality in TGCT, present in about 70% of our cases. Both the frequency and the number of copies of i(12p) are higher in NS than in SE. This may suggest that i(12p) is involved in tumor progression. Besides i(12p), several clonal structural chromosomal abnormalities were found, but none appeared to be specific. SE and NS had chromosome numbers in the triploid range, with significantly higher numbers in SE than in NS (average modal chromosome numbers of 73.4 in SE and 65.0 in NS). Both in SE and NS, some chromosomes were significantly underrepresented (e.g., 11, 13, 18, and Y) and others overrepresented (e.g., 7, 8, 12, 21, and X). In SE, a significantly higher copy number of chromosomes 7, 15, 19, and 22 was found and a significantly lower number of chromosome 17, compared with NS. These chromosomes may play an important role in the differentiation of TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Echten
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dijkhuizen T, van den Berg E, Molenaar WM, Oosterhuis JW, Dam A, Wiersema J, Schraffordt Koops H, de Jong B. Cytogenetics as a tool in the histologic subclassification of chondrosarcomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1994; 76:100-5. [PMID: 7923056 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of bone neoplasms of which the basic neoplastic tissue is cartilaginous. Frequently the histologic diagnosis and grading of chondrosarcomas is difficult and the histologic appearance does not always reflect the biologic behavior of these tumors. Therefore, it is important to find other parameters that can be of help in the proper diagnosing and grading of these neoplasms. To this end, we attempted to correlate the chromosomal pattern of chondrosarcomas to their histologic subtypes and grades. The cytogenetic analysis of two intermediate-grade chondrosarcomas of bone, and a review of the literature, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dijkhuizen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Van den Berg E, Van Oven MW, de Jong B, Dam A, Wiersema J, Dijkhuizen T, Hoekstra HJ, Molenaar WM. Comparison of cytogenetic abnormalities and deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy of benign, borderline malignant, and different grades of malignant soft tissue tumors. J Transl Med 1994; 70:307-13. [PMID: 8145525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both DNA flow cytometry and cytogenetic analysis have been used to study soft tissue tumors. With flow cytometry, the DNA content of a relatively large number of cells can be examined, but cytogenetic analysis gives more detailed information about genomic changes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In order to compare the advantages and drawbacks of DNA flow cytometry versus chromosomal analysis, 92 primary or recurrent malignant, 16 borderline malignant, and 13 benign soft tissue tumors were karyotyped after short-term culture. DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry of suspensions prepared from frozen or paraffin-embedded samples. From 97 patients, 121 samples were analyzed. RESULTS On the basis of the results, four groups were distinguished: DNA-euploid tumors with normal diploid karyotypes (group a) or with abnormal (group b) karyotypes, and DNA-aneuploid tumors with normal (group c) or abnormal (group d) karyotypes. The findings in group b show that structural chromosomal abnormalities or minor numerical aberrations of chromosomes are not detected by DNA flow cytometry. In group c, the finding of tumors with an aneuploid DNA-profile and cells with normal karyotypes is most likely due to overgrowth of fibroblasts during culture and subsequent karyotyping of normal cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that a) DNA flow cytometry has a higher success rate than karyotyping, b) both techniques are complementary, such that DNA flow cytometry gives an "overview", whereas karyotyping gives more detailed information; comparison of both techniques in individual cases leads to a better understanding of the chromosomal events that occurred during oncogenesis, c) histologically low grade tumors are generally DNA-diploid, but may have an abnormal karyotype, and d) histologically high-grade sarcomas tend to have an aneuploid DNA-profile; they are generally more difficult to karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van den Berg
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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van den Berg E, van Doormaal JJ, Oosterhuis JW, de Jong B, Wiersema J, Vos AM, Dam A, Vermeij A. Chromosomal aberrations in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Case report of a primary tumor and its metastasis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1991; 54:215-22. [PMID: 1884353 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90209-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the result of a cytogenetic study of a case of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and its metastasis. Both tumors have a low number of chromosomes. The primary tumor is characterized by a idic(22;22)(p11;p11). The skeletal metastasis has also structural abnormalities of chromosome 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, University Groningen, The Netherlands
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