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Pascual-García M, Unkel M, Slotman JA, Bolleboom A, Bouwen B, Houtsmuller AB, Dirven C, Gao Z, Hijazi S, Kushner SA. Morphological correlates of pyramidal cell axonal myelination in mouse and human neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae147. [PMID: 38610088 PMCID: PMC11014882 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The axons of neocortical pyramidal neurons are frequently myelinated. Heterogeneity in the topography of axonal myelination in the cerebral cortex has been attributed to a combination of electrophysiological activity, axonal morphology, and neuronal-glial interactions. Previously, we showed that axonal segment length and caliber are critical local determinants of fast-spiking interneuron myelination. However, the factors that determine the myelination of individual axonal segments along neocortical pyramidal neurons remain largely unexplored. Here, we used structured illumination microscopy to examine the extent to which axonal morphology is predictive of the topography of myelination along neocortical pyramidal neurons. We identified critical thresholds for axonal caliber and interbranch distance that are necessary, but not sufficient, for myelination of pyramidal cell axons in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Specifically, we found that pyramidal neuron axonal segments with a caliber < 0.24 μm or interbranch distance < 18.10 μm are rarely myelinated. Moreover, we further confirmed that these findings in mice are similar for human neocortical pyramidal cell myelination (caliber < 0.25 μm, interbranch distance < 19.00 μm), suggesting that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Taken together, our findings suggest that axonal morphology is a critical correlate of the topography and cell-type specificity of neocortical myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pascual-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits Unkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bolleboom
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Bibi Bouwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Hijazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- SNF Center for Precision Psychiatry & Mental Health, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
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2
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Verkerk AJMH, Andrei D, Vermeer MCSC, Kramer D, Schouten M, Arp P, Verlouw JAM, Pas HH, Meijer HJ, van der Molen M, Oberdorf-Maass S, Nijenhuis M, Romero-Herrera PH, Hoes MF, Bremer J, Slotman JA, van den Akker PC, Diercks GFH, Giepmans BNG, Stoop H, Saris JJ, van den Ouweland AMW, Willemsen R, Hublin JJ, Dean MC, Hoogeboom AJM, Silljé HHW, Uitterlinden AG, van der Meer P, Bolling MC. Disruption of TUFT1, a Desmosome-Associated Protein, Causes Skin Fragility, Woolly Hair, and Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:284-295.e16. [PMID: 37716648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are dynamic complex protein structures involved in cellular adhesion. Disruption of these structures by loss-of-function variants in desmosomal genes leads to a variety of skin- and heart-related phenotypes. In this study, we report TUFT1 as a desmosome-associated protein, implicated in epidermal integrity. In two siblings with mild skin fragility, woolly hair, and mild palmoplantar keratoderma but without a cardiac phenotype, we identified a homozygous splice-site variant in the TUFT1 gene, leading to aberrant mRNA splicing and loss of TUFT1 protein. Patients' skin and keratinocytes showed acantholysis, perinuclear retraction of intermediate filaments, and reduced mechanical stress resistance. Immunolabeling and transfection studies showed that TUFT1 is positioned within the desmosome and that its location is dependent on the presence of the desmoplakin carboxy-terminal tail. A Tuft1-knockout mouse model mimicked the patients' phenotypes. Altogether, this study reveals TUFT1 as a desmosome-associated protein, whose absence causes skin fragility, woolly hair, and palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke J M H Verkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniela Andrei
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde C S C Vermeer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duco Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Schouten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost A M Verlouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendri H Pas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hillegonda J Meijer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije van der Molen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nijenhuis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro H Romero-Herrera
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bremer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Stoop
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Saris
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241 - U1050), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - M Christopher Dean
- Centre for Human Origins Research, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Jeannette M Hoogeboom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Center of Expertise for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Koornneef L, Paul MW, Houtsmuller AB, Baarends WM, Slotman JA. Three-color dSTORM Imaging and Analysis of Recombination Foci in Mouse Spread Meiotic Nuclei. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4780. [PMID: 37497444 PMCID: PMC10367009 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first meiotic prophase in mouse, repair of SPO11-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), facilitating homologous chromosome synapsis, is essential to successfully complete the first meiotic cell division. Recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 play an important role in homology search, but their mechanistic contribution to this process is not fully understood. Super-resolution, single-molecule imaging of RAD51 and DMC1 provides detailed information on recombinase accumulation on DSBs during meiotic prophase. Here, we present a detailed protocol of recombination foci analysis of three-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging of SYCP3, RAD51, and DMC1, fluorescently labeled by antibody staining in mouse spermatocytes. This protocol consists of sample preparation, data acquisition, pre-processing, and data analysis. The sample preparation procedure includes an updated version of the nuclear spreading of mouse testicular cells, followed by immunocytochemistry and the preparation steps for dSTORM imaging. Data acquisition consists of three-color dSTORM imaging, which is extensively described. The pre-processing that converts fluorescent signals to localization data also includes channel alignment and image reconstruction, after which regions of interest (ROIs) are identified based on RAD51 and/or DMC1 localization patterns. The data analysis steps then require processing of the fluorescent signal localization within these ROIs into discrete nanofoci, which can be further analyzed. This multistep approach enables the systematic investigation of spatial distributions of proteins associated with individual DSB sites and can be easily adapted for analyses of other foci-forming proteins. All computational scripts and software are freely accessible, making them available to a broad audience. Key features Preparation of spread nuclei, resulting in a flattened preparation with easy antibody-accessible chromatin-associated proteins on dSTORM-compatible coverslips. dSTORM analysis of immunofluorescent repair foci in meiotic prophase nuclei. Detailed descriptions of data acquisition, (pre-)processing, and nanofoci feature analysis applicable to all proteins that assemble in immunodetection as discrete foci. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Koornneef
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Paul
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willy M. Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Gaggioli V, Lo CSY, Reverón-Gómez N, Jasencakova Z, Domenech H, Nguyen H, Sidoli S, Tvardovskiy A, Uruci S, Slotman JA, Chai Y, Gonçalves JGSCS, Manolika EM, Jensen ON, Wheeler D, Sridharan S, Chakrabarty S, Demmers J, Kanaar R, Groth A, Taneja N. Dynamic de novo heterochromatin assembly and disassembly at replication forks ensures fork stability. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1017-1032. [PMID: 37414849 PMCID: PMC10344782 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is dynamically reorganized when DNA replication forks are challenged. However, the process of epigenetic reorganization and its implication for fork stability is poorly understood. Here we discover a checkpoint-regulated cascade of chromatin signalling that activates the histone methyltransferase EHMT2/G9a to catalyse heterochromatin assembly at stressed replication forks. Using biochemical and single molecule chromatin fibre approaches, we show that G9a together with SUV39h1 induces chromatin compaction by accumulating the repressive modifications, H3K9me1/me2/me3, in the vicinity of stressed replication forks. This closed conformation is also favoured by the G9a-dependent exclusion of the H3K9-demethylase JMJD1A/KDM3A, which facilitates heterochromatin disassembly upon fork restart. Untimely heterochromatin disassembly from stressed forks by KDM3A enables PRIMPOL access, triggering single-stranded DNA gap formation and sensitizing cells towards chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings may help in explaining chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis observed in patients with cancer displaying elevated levels of G9a/H3K9me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Calvin S Y Lo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nazaret Reverón-Gómez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zuzana Jasencakova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heura Domenech
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hong Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrey Tvardovskiy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sidrit Uruci
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Chai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eleni Maria Manolika
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Wheeler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sriram Sridharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center and Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Groth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nitika Taneja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Swinkels M, Hordijk S, Bürgisser PE, Slotman JA, Carter T, Leebeek FWG, Jansen AJG, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Quantitative super-resolution imaging of platelet degranulation reveals differential release of von Willebrand factor and von Willebrand factor propeptide from alpha-granules. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1967-1980. [PMID: 37061132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and VWF propeptide (VWFpp) are stored in eccentric nanodomains within platelet alpha-granules. VWF and VWFpp can undergo differential secretion following Weibel-Palade body exocytosis in endothelial cells; however, it is unclear if the same process occurs during platelet alpha-granule exocytosis. Using a high-throughput 3-dimensional super-resolution imaging workflow for quantification of individual platelet alpha-granule cargo, we studied alpha-granule cargo release in response to different physiological stimuli. OBJECTIVES To investigate how VWF and VWFpp are released from alpha-granules in response to physiological stimuli. METHODS Platelets were activated with protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) activating peptide (PAR-1 ap) or collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL). Alpha-tubulin, VWF, VWFpp, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC), and fibrinogen were imaged using 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, followed by semiautomated analysis in FIJI. Uptake of anti-VWF nanobody during degranulation was used to identify alpha-granules that partially released content. RESULTS VWFpp overlapped with VWF in eccentric alpha-granule subdomains in resting platelets and showed a higher degree of overlap with VWF than SPARC or fibrinogen. Activation of PAR-1 (0.6-20 μM PAR-1 ap) or glycoprotein VI (GPVI) (0.25-1 μg/mL CRP-XL) signaling pathways caused a dose-dependent increase in alpha-granule exocytosis. More than 80% of alpha-granules remained positive for VWF, even at the highest agonist concentrations. In contrast, the residual fraction of alpha-granules containing VWFpp decreased in a dose-dependent manner to 23%, whereas SPARC and fibrinogen were detected in 60% to 70% of alpha-granules when stimulated with 20 μM PAR-1 ap. Similar results were obtained using CRP-XL. Using an extracellular anti-VWF nanobody, we identified VWF in postexocytotic alpha-granules. CONCLUSION We provide evidence for differential secretion of VWF and VWFpp from individual alpha-granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Swinkels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/MauriceSwinkels
| | - Sophie Hordijk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/sophiehordijk
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Carter
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J Gerard Jansen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Smits DJ, Schot R, Krusy N, Wiegmann K, Utermöhlen O, Mulder MT, den Hoedt S, Yoon G, Deshwar AR, Kresge C, Pletcher B, van Mook M, Ferreira MS, Poot RA, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Ahmad A, Albash B, Bastaki L, Marafi D, Dekker J, van Ham TJ, Nguyen L, Mancini GMS. SMPD4 regulates mitotic nuclear envelope dynamics and its loss causes microcephaly and diabetes. Brain 2023:7024918. [PMID: 36732302 PMCID: PMC10393401 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss of function (LoF) variants in SMPD4 cause a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive congenital microcephaly and early death. SMPD4 encodes a sphingomyelinase that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramide at neutral pH and can thereby affect membrane lipid homeostasis. SMPD4 localizes to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope (NE), and interacts with nuclear pore complexes (NPC). We refine the clinical phenotype of LoF SMPD4 variants by describing five individuals from three unrelated families with longitudinal data due to prolonged survival. All individuals surviving beyond infancy developed insulin-dependent diabetes, besides presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and microcephaly, making diabetes one of the most frequent age-dependent non-cerebral abnormalities. We studied the function of SMPD4 at the cellular and organ levels. Knock-down of SMPD4 in human neural stem cells, causes reduced proliferation rates and prolonged mitosis. Moreover, SMPD4 depletion results in abnormal NE breakdown and reassembly during mitosis and decreased post-mitotic NPC insertion. Fibroblasts from affected individuals show deficient SMPD4-specific neutral sphingomyelinase activity, without changing (sub)cellular lipidome fractions, which suggests a local function of SMPD4 on the NE. In embryonic mouse brain, knockdown of Smpd4 impairs cortical progenitor proliferation and induces premature differentiation by altering the balance between neurogenic and proliferative progenitor cell divisions. We hypothesize that, in individuals with SMPD4-related disease, NE bending, which is needed to insert NPCs in the nuclear envelope, is impaired in the absence of SMPD4, and interferes with cerebral corticogenesis and survival of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Krusy
- GIGA-Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katja Wiegmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Colgne, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Colgne, Germany
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashish R Deshwar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Beth Pletcher
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maura van Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Serio Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell biology, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer Ahmad
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait
| | - Buthaina Albash
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| | - Laila Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| | - Dana Marafi
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait.,Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Legerstee K, Sueters J, Abraham TE, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Hoogenboom JP, Houtsmuller AB. Correlative light and electron microscopy reveals fork-shaped structures at actin entry sites of focal adhesions. Biol Open 2022; 11:283176. [PMID: 36409550 PMCID: PMC9836080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are the main cellular structures to link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. FAs mediate cell adhesion, are important for cell migration and are involved in many (patho)-physiological processes. Here we examined FAs and their associated actin fibres using correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We used fluorescence images of cells expressing paxillin-GFP to define the boundaries of FA complexes in SEM images, without using SEM contrast enhancing stains. We observed that SEM contrast was increased around the actin fibre entry site in 98% of FAs, indicating increases in protein density and possibly also phosphorylation levels in this area. In nearly three quarters of the FAs, these nanostructures had a fork shape, with the actin forming the stem and the high-contrast FA areas the fork. In conclusion, the combination of fluorescent and electron microscopy allowed accurate localisation of a highly abundant, novel fork structure at the FA-actin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Legerstee
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Sueters
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob P. Hoogenboom
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Author for correspondence ()
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8
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de Vries JJ, Visser C, Geers L, Slotman JA, van Kleef ND, Maas C, Bax HI, Miedema JR, van Gorp ECM, Goeijenbier M, van den Akker JPC, Endeman H, Rijken DC, Kruip MJHA, de Maat MPM. Altered fibrin network structure and fibrinolysis in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19, not entirely explaining the increased risk of thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1412-1420. [PMID: 35316570 PMCID: PMC9115158 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis. OBJECTIVES By studying the fibrin network structure of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we aimed to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to this increased risk of thrombosis. This may contribute to optimal prevention and treatment of COVID-19 related thrombosis. PATIENTS/METHODS In this case-control study, we collected plasma samples from intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19, with and without confirmed thrombosis, between April and December 2020. Additionally, we collected plasma from COVID-19 patients admitted to general wards without thrombosis, from ICU patients with pneumococcal infection, and from healthy controls. Fibrin fiber diameters and fibrin network density were quantified in plasma clots imaged with stimulated emission depletion microscopy and confocal microscopy. Finally, we determined the sensitivity to fibrinolysis. RESULTS COVID-19 ICU patients (n = 37) and ICU patients with pneumococcal disease (n = 7) showed significantly higher fibrin densities and longer plasma clot lysis times than healthy controls (n = 7). No differences were observed between COVID-19 ICU patients with and without thrombosis, or ICU patients with pneumococcal infection. At a second time point, after diagnosis of thrombosis or at a similar time point in patients without thrombosis, we observed thicker fibers and longer lysis times in COVID-19 ICU patients with thrombosis (n = 19) than in COVID-19 ICU patients without thrombosis (n = 18). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that severe COVID-19 is associated with a changed fibrin network structure and decreased susceptibility to fibrinolysis. Because these changes were not exclusive to COVID-19 patients, they may not explain the increased thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J de Vries
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Visser
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Geers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine D van Kleef
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Maas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelore I Bax
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle R Miedema
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric C M van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P C van den Akker
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Endeman
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dingeman C Rijken
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek P M de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhang S, Übelmesser N, Josipovic N, Forte G, Slotman JA, Chiang M, Gothe HJ, Gusmao EG, Becker C, Altmüller J, Houtsmuller AB, Roukos V, Wendt KS, Marenduzzo D, Papantonis A. RNA polymerase II is required for spatial chromatin reorganization following exit from mitosis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg8205. [PMID: 34678064 PMCID: PMC8535795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chromosomes are three-dimensional entities shaped by converging and opposing forces. Mitotic cell division induces marked chromosome condensation, but following reentry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, chromosomes reestablish their interphase organization. Here, we tested the role of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in this transition using a cell line that allows its auxin-mediated degradation. In situ Hi-C showed that RNAPII is required for both compartment and loop establishment following mitosis. RNAPs often counteract loop extrusion, and in their absence, longer and more prominent loops arose. Evidence from chromatin binding, super-resolution imaging, and in silico modeling allude to these effects being a result of RNAPII-mediated cohesin loading upon G1 reentry. Our findings reconcile the role of RNAPII in gene expression with that in chromatin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Übelmesser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natasa Josipovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giada Forte
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, UK
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Chiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Eduardo Gade Gusmao
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Kerstin S. Wendt
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Davide Marenduzzo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, UK
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Swinkels M, Atiq F, Bürgisser PE, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB, de Heus C, Klumperman J, Leebeek FWG, Voorberg J, Jansen AJG, Bierings R. Quantitative 3D microscopy highlights altered von Willebrand factor α-granule storage in patients with von Willebrand disease with distinct pathogenic mechanisms. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12595. [PMID: 34532631 PMCID: PMC8440947 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets play a key role in hemostasis through plug formation and secretion of their granule contents at sites of endothelial injury. Defects in von Willebrand factor (VWF), a platelet α-granule protein, are implicated in von Willebrand disease (VWD), and may lead to defective platelet adhesion and/or aggregation. Studying VWF quantity and subcellular localization may help us better understand the pathophysiology of VWD. OBJECTIVE Quantitative analysis of the platelet α-granule compartment and VWF storage in healthy individuals and VWD patients. PATIENTS/METHODS Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was used to study VWF content and organization in platelets of healthy individuals and patients with VWD in combination with established techniques. RESULTS SIM capably quantified clear morphological and granular changes in platelets stimulated with proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) activating peptide and revealed a large intra- and interdonor variability in VWF-positive object numbers within healthy resting platelets, similar to variation in secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). We subsequently characterized VWD platelets to identify changes in the α-granule compartment of patients with different VWF defects, and were able to stratify two patients with type 3 VWD rising from different pathological mechanisms. We further analyzed VWF storage in α-granules of a patient with homozygous p.C1190R using electron microscopy and found discrepant VWF levels and different degrees of multimerization in platelets of patients with heterozygous p.C1190 in comparison to VWF in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the utility of quantitative imaging approaches in assessing platelet granule content, which may help to better understand VWF storage in α-granules and to gain new insights in the etiology of VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Swinkels
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ferdows Atiq
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Petra E. Bürgisser
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Department of PathologyOptical Imaging CenterErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Department of PathologyOptical Imaging CenterErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cilia de Heus
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank W. G. Leebeek
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arend Jan Gerard Jansen
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of HematologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Peter S, Urbanus BHA, Klaassen RV, Wu B, Boele HJ, Azizi S, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB, Schonewille M, Hoebeek FE, Spijker S, Smit AB, De Zeeuw CI. AMPAR Auxiliary Protein SHISA6 Facilitates Purkinje Cell Synaptic Excitability and Procedural Memory Formation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107515. [PMID: 32294428 PMCID: PMC7175376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of excitatory postsynaptic currents in the brain are gated through AMPA-type glutamate receptors, the kinetics and trafficking of which can be modulated by auxiliary proteins. It remains to be elucidated whether and how auxiliary proteins can modulate synaptic function to contribute to procedural memory formation. In this study, we report that the AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary protein SHISA6 (CKAMP52) is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, where it co-localizes with GluA2-containing AMPARs. The absence of SHISA6 in Purkinje cells results in severe impairments in the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and eyeblink conditioning. The physiological abnormalities include decreased presence of AMPARs in synaptosomes, impaired excitatory transmission, increased deactivation of AMPA receptors, and reduced induction of long-term potentiation at Purkinje cell synapses. Our data indicate that Purkinje cells require SHISA6-dependent modification of AMPAR function in order to facilitate cerebellar, procedural memory formation. SHISA6 is prominently expressed in Purkinje cells in close association with AMPARs SHISA6 absence in Purkinje cells results in impaired procedural memory formation Purkinje cell synaptic baseline excitatory transmission is facilitated by SHISA6 Purkinje cell AMPAR kinetics are modulated by SHISA6
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Peter
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Remco V Klaassen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Henk-Jan Boele
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sameha Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Freek E Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Brain Center, UMC Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 CA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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12
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Legerstee K, Abraham TE, van Cappellen WA, Nigg AL, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB. Growth factor dependent changes in nanoscale architecture of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2315. [PMID: 33504939 PMCID: PMC7841166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are flat elongated structures that mediate cell migration and link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Along the vertical axis FAs were shown to be composed of three layers. We used structured illumination microscopy to examine the longitudinal distribution of four hallmark FA proteins, which we also used as markers for these layers. At the FA ends pointing towards the adherent membrane edge (heads), bottom layer protein paxillin protruded, while at the opposite ends (tails) intermediate layer protein vinculin and top layer proteins zyxin and VASP extended further. At the tail tips, only intermediate layer protein vinculin protruded. Importantly, head and tail compositions were altered during HGF-induced scattering with paxillin heads being shorter and zyxin tails longer. Additionally, FAs at protruding or retracting membrane edges had longer paxillin heads than FAs at static edges. These data suggest that redistribution of FA-proteins with respect to each other along FAs is involved in cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Legerstee
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands.,Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands. .,Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands.
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13
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Strous GJ, Almeida ADS, Putters J, Schantl J, Sedek M, Slotman JA, Nespital T, Hassink GC, Mol JA. Growth Hormone Receptor Regulation in Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597573. [PMID: 33312162 PMCID: PMC7708378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The GHR signaling pathway plays important roles in growth, metabolism, cell cycle control, immunity, homeostatic processes, and chemoresistance via both the JAK/STAT and the SRC pathways. Dysregulation of GHR signaling is associated with various diseases and chronic conditions such as acromegaly, cancer, aging, metabolic disease, fibroses, inflammation and autoimmunity. Numerous studies entailing the GHR signaling pathway have been conducted for various cancers. Diverse factors mediate the up- or down-regulation of GHR signaling through post-translational modifications. Of the numerous modifications, ubiquitination and deubiquitination are prominent events. Ubiquitination by E3 ligase attaches ubiquitins to target proteins and induces proteasomal degradation or starts the sequence of events that leads to endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In this review, we discuss the role of first line effectors that act directly on the GHR at the cell surface including ADAM17, JAK2, SRC family member Lyn, Ubc13/CHIP, proteasome, βTrCP, CK2, STAT5b, and SOCS2. Activity of all, except JAK2, Lyn and STAT5b, counteract GHR signaling. Loss of their function increases the GH-induced signaling in favor of aging and certain chronic diseases, exemplified by increased lung cancer risk in case of a mutation in the SOCS2-GHR interaction site. Insight in their roles in GHR signaling can be applied for cancer and other therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger J. Strous
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- BIMINI Biotech B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ana Da Silva Almeida
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Putters
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Schantl
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Sedek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C. Hassink
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Sierksma MC, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller AB, Borst JGG. Structure-function relation of the developing calyx of Held synapse in vivo. J Physiol 2020; 598:4603-4619. [PMID: 33439501 PMCID: PMC7689866 DOI: 10.1113/jp279976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS During development the giant, auditory calyx of Held forms a one-to-one connection with a principal neuron of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. While anatomical studies described that most of the target cells are temporarily contacted by multiple calyces, multi-calyceal innervation was only sporadically observed in in vivo recordings, suggesting a structure-function discrepancy. We correlated synaptic strength of inputs, identified in in vivo recordings, with post hoc labelling of the recorded neuron and synaptic terminals containing vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT). During development only one input increased to the level of the calyx of Held synapse, and its strength correlated with the large VGluT cluster contacting the postsynaptic soma. As neither competing strong inputs nor multiple large VGluT clusters on a single cell were observed, our findings did not indicate a structure-function discrepancy. ABSTRACT In adult rodents, a principal neuron in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid (MNTB) is generally contacted by a single, giant axosomatic terminal called the calyx of Held. How this one-on-one relation is established is still unknown, but anatomical evidence suggests that during development principal neurons are innervated by multiple calyces, which may indicate calyceal competition. However, in vivo electrophysiological recordings from principal neurons indicated that only a single strong synaptic connection forms per cell. To test whether a mismatch exists between synaptic strength and terminal size, we compared the strength of synaptic inputs with the morphology of the synaptic terminals. In vivo whole-cell recordings of the MNTB neurons from newborn Wistar rats of either sex were made while stimulating their afferent axons, allowing us to identify multiple inputs. The strength of the strongest input increased to calyceal levels in a few days across cells, while the strength of the second strongest input was stable. The recorded cells were subsequently immunolabelled for vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT) to reveal axosomatic terminals with structured-illumination microscopy. Synaptic strength of the strongest input was correlated with the contact area of the largest VGluT cluster at the soma (r = 0.8), and no indication of a mismatch between structure and strength was observed. Together, our data agree with a developmental scheme in which one input strengthens and becomes the calyx of Held, but not with multi-calyceal competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C Sierksma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology-Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology-Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - J Gerard G Borst
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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15
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Slotman JA, Paul MW, Carofiglio F, de Gruiter HM, Vergroesen T, Koornneef L, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, Baarends WM. Super-resolution imaging of RAD51 and DMC1 in DNA repair foci reveals dynamic distribution patterns in meiotic prophase. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008595. [PMID: 32502153 PMCID: PMC7310863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombinase RAD51, and its meiosis-specific paralog DMC1 localize at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites in meiotic prophase. While both proteins are required during meiotic prophase, their spatial organization during meiotic DSB repair is not fully understood. Using super-resolution microscopy on mouse spermatocyte nuclei, we aimed to define their relative position at DSB foci, and how these vary in time. We show that a large fraction of meiotic DSB repair foci (38%) consisted of a single RAD51 nanofocus and a single DMC1 nanofocus (D1R1 configuration) that were partially overlapping with each other (average center-center distance around 70 nm). The vast majority of the rest of the foci had a similar large RAD51 and DMC1 nanofocus, but in combination with additional smaller nanofoci (D2R1, D1R2, D2R2, or DxRy configuration) at an average distance of around 250 nm. As prophase progressed, less D1R1 and more D2R1 foci were observed, where the large RAD51 nanofocus in the D2R1 foci elongated and gradually oriented towards the distant small DMC1 nanofocus. D1R2 foci frequency was relatively constant, and the single DMC1 nanofocus did not elongate, but was frequently observed between the two RAD51 nanofoci in early stages. D2R2 foci were rare (<10%) and nearest neighbour analyses also did not reveal cofoci formation between D1R1 foci. However, overall, foci localized nonrandomly along the SC, and the frequency of the distance distributions peaked at 800 nm, indicating interference and/or a preferred distance between two ends of a DSB. DMC1 nanofoci where somewhat further away from the axial or lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex (SC, connecting the chromosomal axes of homologs) compared to RAD51 nanofoci. In the absence of the transverse filament of the SC, early configurations were more prominent, and RAD51 nanofocus elongation occurred only transiently. This in-depth analysis of single cell landscapes of RAD51 and DMC1 accumulation patterns at DSB repair sites at super-resolution revealed the variability of foci composition, and defined functional consensus configurations that change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A. Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Paul
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Martijn de Gruiter
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Vergroesen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Koornneef
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A. van Cappellen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M. Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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16
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Casa V, Moronta Gines M, Gade Gusmao E, Slotman JA, Zirkel A, Josipovic N, Oole E, van IJcken WFJ, Houtsmuller AB, Papantonis A, Wendt KS. Redundant and specific roles of cohesin STAG subunits in chromatin looping and transcriptional control. Genome Res 2020; 30:515-527. [PMID: 32253279 PMCID: PMC7197483 DOI: 10.1101/gr.253211.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is a ring-shaped multiprotein complex that is crucial for 3D genome organization and transcriptional regulation during differentiation and development. It also confers sister chromatid cohesion and facilitates DNA damage repair. Besides its core subunits SMC3, SMC1A, and RAD21, cohesin in somatic cells contains one of two orthologous STAG subunits, STAG1 or STAG2. How these variable subunits affect the function of the cohesin complex is still unclear. STAG1- and STAG2-cohesin were initially proposed to organize cohesion at telomeres and centromeres, respectively. Here, we uncover redundant and specific roles of STAG1 and STAG2 in gene regulation and chromatin looping using HCT116 cells with an auxin-inducible degron (AID) tag fused to either STAG1 or STAG2. Following rapid depletion of either subunit, we perform high-resolution Hi-C, gene expression, and sequential ChIP studies to show that STAG1 and STAG2 do not co-occupy individual binding sites and have distinct ways by which they affect looping and gene expression. These findings are further supported by single-molecule localizations via direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super-resolution imaging. Since somatic and congenital mutations of the STAG subunits are associated with cancer (STAG2) and intellectual disability syndromes with congenital abnormalities (STAG1 and STAG2), we verified STAG1-/STAG2-dependencies using human neural stem cells, hence highlighting their importance in particular disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Casa
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eduardo Gade Gusmao
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Zirkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natasa Josipovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edwin Oole
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Argyris Papantonis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin S Wendt
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Roobol SJ, Hartjes TA, Slotman JA, de Kruijff RM, Torrelo G, Abraham TE, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Kanaar R, van Gent DC, Houtsmuller AB, Denkova AG, van Royen ME, Essers J. Uptake and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled polymersomes for radiotherapy. Nanotheranostics 2020; 4:14-25. [PMID: 31911891 PMCID: PMC6940201 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.37080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes have the potential to be applied in targeted alpha radionuclide therapy, while in addition preventing release of recoiling daughter isotopes. In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake, post uptake processing and intracellular localization of polymersomes. Methods: High-content microscopy was used to validate polymersome uptake kinetics. Confocal (live cell) microscopy was used to elucidate the uptake mechanism and DNA damage induction. Intracellular distribution of polymersomes in 3-D was determined using super-resolution microscopy. Results: We found that altering polymersome size and concentration affects the initial uptake and overall uptake capacity; uptake efficiency and eventual plateau levels varied between cell lines; and mitotic cells show increased uptake. Intracellular polymersomes were transported along microtubules in a fast and dynamic manner. Endocytic uptake of polymersomes was evidenced through co-localization with endocytic pathway components. Finally, we show the intracellular distribution of polymersomes in 3-D and DNA damage inducing capabilities of 213Bi labeled polymersomes. Conclusion: Polymersome size and concentration affect the uptake efficiency, which also varies for different cell types. In addition, we present advanced assays to investigate uptake characteristics in detail, a necessity for optimization of nano-carriers. Moreover, by elucidating the uptake mechanism, as well as uptake extent and geometrical distribution of radiolabeled polymersomes we provide insight on how to improve polymersome design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Roobol
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M. de Kruijff
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guzman Torrelo
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C. van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia G. Denkova
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment Screening Facility (CTSF), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Vandervore LV, Schot R, Kasteleijn E, Oegema R, Stouffs K, Gheldof A, Grochowska MM, van der Sterre MLT, van Unen LMA, Wilke M, Elfferich P, van der Spek PJ, Heijsman D, Grandone A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Schaaf GJ, Masius RG, van Essen AJ, Rump P, van Haeringen A, Peeters E, Altunoglu U, Kalayci T, Poot RA, Dobyns WB, Bahi-Buisson N, Verheijen FW, Jansen AC, Mancini GMS. Heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and cerebral malformations reflected by rotatin cellular dynamics. Brain 2019; 142:867-884. [PMID: 30879067 PMCID: PMC6439326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in RTTN, encoding the protein rotatin, were originally identified as cause of polymicrogyria, a cortical malformation. With time, a wide variety of other brain malformations has been ascribed to RTTN mutations, including primary microcephaly. Rotatin is a centrosomal protein possibly involved in centriolar elongation and ciliogenesis. However, the function of rotatin in brain development is largely unknown and the molecular disease mechanism underlying cortical malformations has not yet been elucidated. We performed both clinical and cell biological studies, aimed at clarifying rotatin function and pathogenesis. Review of the 23 published and five unpublished clinical cases and genomic mutations, including the effect of novel deep intronic pathogenic mutations on RTTN transcripts, allowed us to extrapolate the core phenotype, consisting of intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, lissencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria and other malformations. We show that the severity of the phenotype is related to residual function of the protein, not only the level of mRNA expression. Skin fibroblasts from eight affected individuals were studied by high resolution immunomicroscopy and flow cytometry, in parallel with in vitro expression of RTTN in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that rotatin regulates different phases of the cell cycle and is mislocalized in affected individuals. Mutant cells showed consistent and severe mitotic failure with centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation, leading to aneuploidy and apoptosis, which could relate to depletion of neuronal progenitors often observed in microcephaly. We confirmed the role of rotatin in functional and structural maintenance of primary cilia and determined that the protein localized not only to the basal body, but also to the axoneme, proving the functional interconnectivity between ciliogenesis and cell cycle progression. Proteomics analysis of both native and exogenous rotatin uncovered that rotatin interacts with the neuronal (non-muscle) myosin heavy chain subunits, motors of nucleokinesis during neuronal migration, and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bipolar mature neurons rotatin localizes at the centrosome in the leading edge. This illustrates the role of rotatin in neuronal migration. These different functions of rotatin explain why RTTN mutations can lead to heterogeneous cerebral malformations, both related to proliferation and migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Vandervore
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Kasteleijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Bio-informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martyna M Grochowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne L T van der Sterre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Elfferich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daphne Heijsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy G Masius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J van Essen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Juliana Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Els Peeters
- Department of Medical genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Millet Cd, 34093 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tugba Kalayci
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR-1163, Laboratory Genetics and Embryology of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Institut des Maladies Génétiques 24, Boulevard de Montparnasse, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Stedehouder J, Brizee D, Slotman JA, Pascual-Garcia M, Leyrer ML, Bouwen BL, Dirven CM, Gao Z, Berson DM, Houtsmuller AB, Kushner SA. Local axonal morphology guides the topography of interneuron myelination in mouse and human neocortex. eLife 2019; 8:48615. [PMID: 31742557 PMCID: PMC6927753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons are frequently myelinated in the cerebral cortex. However, the factors governing the topography of cortical interneuron myelination remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that segmental myelination along neocortical interneuron axons is strongly predicted by the joint combination of interbranch distance and local axon caliber. Enlargement of PV+ interneurons increased axonal myelination, while reduced cell size led to decreased myelination. Next, we considered regular-spiking SOM+ cells, which normally have relatively shorter interbranch distances and thinner axon diameters than PV+ cells, and are rarely myelinated. Consistent with the importance of axonal morphology for guiding interneuron myelination, enlargement of SOM+ cell size dramatically increased the frequency of myelinated axonal segments. Lastly, we confirm that these findings also extend to human neocortex by quantifying interneuron axonal myelination from ex vivo surgical tissue. Together, these findings establish a predictive model of neocortical GABAergic interneuron myelination determined by local axonal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Stedehouder
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Demi Brizee
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Pascual-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Megan L Leyrer
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Bibi Lj Bouwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Mf Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David M Berson
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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20
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van den Dries K, Nahidiazar L, Slotman JA, Meddens MBM, Pandzic E, Joosten B, Ansems M, Schouwstra J, Meijer A, Steen R, Wijers M, Fransen J, Houtsmuller AB, Wiseman PW, Jalink K, Cambi A. Modular actin nano-architecture enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5171. [PMID: 31729386 PMCID: PMC6858452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane transmigration during embryonal development, tissue homeostasis and tumor invasion relies on invadosomes, a collective term for invadopodia and podosomes. An adequate structural framework for this process is still missing. Here, we reveal the modular actin nano-architecture that enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. The podosome protrusive core contains a central branched actin module encased by a linear actin module, each harboring specific actin interactors and actin isoforms. From the core, two actin modules radiate: ventral filaments bound by vinculin and connected to the plasma membrane and dorsal interpodosomal filaments crosslinked by myosin IIA. On stiff substrates, the actin modules mediate long-range substrate exploration, associated with degradative behavior. On compliant substrates, the vinculin-bound ventral actin filaments shorten, resulting in short-range connectivity and a focally protrusive, non-degradative state. Our findings redefine podosome nanoscale architecture and reveal a paradigm for how actin modularity drives invadosome mechanosensing in cells that breach tissue boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical imaging center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost Schouwstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Steen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM), Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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21
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Verhoef EI, van Cappellen WA, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Ewing-Graham PC, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, van Leenders GJLH. Three-dimensional architecture of common benign and precancerous prostate epithelial lesions. Histopathology 2019; 74:1036-1044. [PMID: 30815904 PMCID: PMC6849837 DOI: 10.1111/his.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims Many glandular lesions can mimic prostate cancer microscopically, including atrophic glands, adenosis and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. While the characteristic histopathological and immunohistochemical features of these lesions have been well established, little is known about their three‐dimensional architecture. Our objective was to evaluate the three‐dimensional organisation of common prostate epithelial lesions. Methods and results 500 μm‐thick punches (n = 42) were taken from radical prostatectomy specimens, and stained with antibodies targeting keratin 8–18 and keratin 5 for identification of luminal and basal cells, respectively. Tissue samples were optically cleared in benzyl alcohol:benzyl benzoate and imaged using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The three‐dimensional architecture of peripheral and transition zone glands was acinar, composed of interconnecting and blind‐ending saccular tubules. In simple atrophy, partial atrophy and post‐atrophic hyperplasia, the acinar structure was attenuated with branching blind‐ending tubules from parental tubular structures. Three‐dimensional imaging revealed a novel variant of prostate atrophy characterised by large Golgi‐like atrophic spaces parallel to the prostate surface, which were represented by thin, elongated tubular structures on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. Conversely, adenosis lacked acinar organisation, so that it closely mimicked low‐grade prostate cancer. High‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia displayed prominent papillary intraluminal protrusions but retained an acinar organisation, whereas intraductal carcinoma predominantly consisted of cribriform proliferations with either spheroid, ellipsoid or complex interconnecting lumens. Conclusions While various prostate epithelial lesions might mimic malignancy on H&E slides, their three‐dimensional architecture is acinar and clearly different from the tubular structure of prostate cancer, with adenosis as an exception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Verhoef
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia C Ewing-Graham
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J L H van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Seibert M, Krüger M, Watson NA, Sen O, Daum JR, Slotman JA, Braun T, Houtsmuller AB, Gorbsky GJ, Jacob R, Kracht M, Higgins JMG, Schmitz ML. CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at H2B serine 6 is required for mitotic chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1164-1181. [PMID: 30765437 PMCID: PMC6446833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful mitotic chromosome segregation is required for the maintenance of genomic stability. We discovered the phosphorylation of histone H2B at serine 6 (H2B S6ph) as a new chromatin modification site and found that this modification occurs during the early mitotic phases at inner centromeres and pericentromeric heterochromatin. This modification is directly mediated by cyclin B1-associated CDK1, and indirectly by Aurora B, and is antagonized by PP1-mediated dephosphorylation. H2B S6ph impairs chromatin binding of the histone chaperone SET (I2PP2A), which is important for mitotic fidelity. Injection of phosphorylation-specific H2B S6 antibodies in mitotic cells caused anaphase defects with impaired chromosome segregation and incomplete cytokinesis. As H2B S6ph is important for faithful chromosome separation, this modification may contribute to the prevention chromosomal instability and aneuploidy which frequently occur in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaus A Watson
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - Onur Sen
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - John R Daum
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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23
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Paul MW, de Gruiter HM, Lin Z, Baarends WM, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, Slotman JA. SMoLR: visualization and analysis of single-molecule localization microscopy data in R. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:30. [PMID: 30646838 PMCID: PMC6334411 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single-molecule localization microscopy is a super-resolution microscopy technique that allows for nanoscale determination of the localization and organization of proteins in biological samples. For biological interpretation of the data it is essential to extract quantitative information from the super-resolution data sets. Due to the complexity and size of these data sets flexible and user-friendly software is required. Results We developed SMoLR (Single Molecule Localization in R): a flexible framework that enables exploration and analysis of single-molecule localization data within the R programming environment. SMoLR is a package aimed at extracting, visualizing and analyzing quantitative information from localization data obtained by single-molecule microscopy. SMoLR is a platform not only to visualize nanoscale subcellular structures but additionally provides means to obtain statistical information about the distribution and localization of molecules within them. This can be done for individual images or SMoLR can be used to analyze a large set of super-resolution images at once. Additionally, we describe a method using SMoLR for image feature-based particle averaging, resulting in identification of common features among nanoscale structures. Conclusions Embedded in the extensive R programming environment, SMoLR allows scientists to study the nanoscale organization of biomolecules in cells by extracting and visualizing quantitative information and hence provides insight in a wide-variety of different biological processes at the single-molecule level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2578-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten W Paul
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Martijn de Gruiter
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhanmin Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Verhoef EI, van Cappellen WA, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Ewing-Graham PC, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, van Leenders GJLH. Three-dimensional analysis reveals two major architectural subgroups of prostate cancer growth patterns. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1032-1041. [PMID: 30737469 PMCID: PMC6760644 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Gleason score is one of the most important parameters for therapeutic decision-making in prostate cancer patients. Gleason growth patterns are defined by their histological features on 4- to 5-µm cross sections, and little is known about their three-dimensional architecture. Our objective was to characterize the three-dimensional architecture of prostate cancer growth patterns. Intact tissue punches (n = 46) of representative Gleason growth patterns from radical prostatectomy specimens were fluorescently stained with antibodies targeting Keratin 8/18 and Keratin 5 for the detection of luminal and basal epithelial cells, respectively. Punches were optically cleared in benzyl alcohol-benzyl benzoate and imaged using a confocal laser scanning microscope up to a depth of 500 µm. Gleason pattern 3, poorly formed pattern 4, and cords pattern 5 all formed a continuum of interconnecting tubules in which the diameter of the structures and the lumen size decreased with higher grades. In fused pattern 4, the interconnections between the tubules were markedly closer together. In these patterns, all tumor cells were in direct contact with the surrounding stroma. In contrast, cribriform Gleason pattern 4 and solid pattern 5 demonstrated a three-dimensional continuum of contiguous tumor cells, in which the vast majority of cells had no contact with the surrounding stroma. Transitions between cribriform pattern 4 and solid pattern 5 were seen. There was a decrease in the number and size of intercellular lumens from cribriform to solid growth pattern. Glomeruloid pattern 4 formed an intermediate structure consisting of a tubular network with intraluminal epithelial protrusions close to the tubule splitting points. In conclusion, three-dimensional microscopy revealed two major architectural subgroups of prostate cancer growth patterns: (1) a tubular interconnecting network including Gleason pattern 3, poorly formed and fused Gleason pattern 4, and cords Gleason pattern 5, and (2) serpentine contiguous epithelial proliferations including cribriform Gleason pattern 4 and solid Gleason pattern 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I. Verhoef
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A. van Cappellen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia C. Ewing-Graham
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J. L. H. van Leenders
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Stedehouder J, Couey JJ, Brizee D, Hosseini B, Slotman JA, Dirven CMF, Shpak G, Houtsmuller AB, Kushner SA. Fast-spiking Parvalbumin Interneurons are Frequently Myelinated in the Cerebral Cortex of Mice and Humans. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5001-5013. [PMID: 28922832 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination, the insulating ensheathment of axons by oligodendrocytes, is thought to both optimize signal propagation and provide metabolic support. Despite the well-established physiological importance of myelination to neuronal function, relatively little is known about the myelination of GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex. Here, we report that a large fraction of myelin in mouse cerebral cortex ensheaths GABAergic interneurons, reaching up to 80% in hippocampal subregions. Moreover, we find that a very high proportion of neocortical and hippocampal parvalbumin (PV) interneurons exhibit axonal myelination. Using a combination of intracellular recordings and biocytin labeling of ex vivo human neocortex, we also confirm that axons of fast-spiking PV interneurons are extensively myelinated in the human brain. PV interneuron myelination in both mice and humans exhibits a stereotyped topography with a bias towards proximal axonal segments and relatively short internodes (~27 μm) interspersed with branch points. Interestingly, myelin-deficient Shiverer mice exhibit an increased density and more proximal location of en passant boutons, suggesting that myelination might function in part to regulate synapse formation along PV interneuron axons. Taken together, fast-spiking interneuron myelination is likely to have broad implications for cerebral cortex function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stedehouder
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Couey
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Brizee
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Hosseini
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M F Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Shpak
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Enguita-Marruedo A, Van Cappellen WA, Hoogerbrugge JW, Carofiglio F, Wassenaar E, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Baarends WM. Live cell analyses of synaptonemal complex dynamics and chromosome movements in cultured mouse testis tubules and embryonic ovaries. Chromosoma 2018; 127:341-359. [PMID: 29582139 PMCID: PMC6096571 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian meiotic prophase, homologous chromosomes connect through the formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC). SYCP3 is a component of the lateral elements of the SC. We have generated transgenic mice expressing N- or C-terminal fluorescent-tagged SYCP3 (mCherry-SYCP3 (CSYCP) and SYCP3-mCherry (SYCPC)) to study SC dynamics and chromosome movements in vivo. Neither transgene rescued meiotic aberrations in Sycp3 knockouts, but CSYCP could form short axial element-like structures in the absence of endogenous SYCP3. On the wild-type background, both fusion proteins localized to the axes of the SC together with endogenous SYCP3, albeit with delayed initiation (from pachytene) in spermatocytes. Around 40% of CSYCP and SYCPC that accumulated on the SC was rapidly exchanging with other tagged proteins, as analyzed by fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. We used the CSYCP transgenic mice for further live cell analyses and observed synchronized bouquet configurations in living cysts of two or three zygotene oocyte nuclei expressing CSYCP, which presented cycles of telomere clustering and dissolution. Rapid chromosome movements were observed in both zygotene oocytes and pachytene spermatocytes, but rotational movements of the nucleus were more clear in oocytes. In diplotene spermatocytes, desynapsis was found to proceed in a discontinuous manner, whereby even brief chromosome re-association events were observed. Thus, this live imaging approach can be used to follow changes in the dynamic behavior of the nucleus and chromatin, in normal mice and different infertile mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Enguita-Marruedo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A Van Cappellen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Wassenaar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Kouwenberg JJM, Kremers GJ, Slotman JA, Wolterbeek HT, Houtsmuller AB, Denkova AG, Bos AJJ. Alpha particle spectroscopy using FNTD and SIM super-resolution microscopy. J Microsc 2018; 270:326-334. [PMID: 29393521 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) for the imaging of alpha particle tracks in fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTD) was evaluated and compared to confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). FNTDs were irradiated with an external alpha source and imaged using both methodologies. SIM imaging resulted in improved resolution, without increase in scan time. Alpha particle energy estimation based on the track length, direction and intensity produced results in good agreement with the expected alpha particle energy distribution. A pronounced difference was seen in the spatial scattering of alpha particles in the detectors, where SIM showed an almost 50% reduction compared to CLSM. The improved resolution of SIM allows for more detailed studies of the tracks induced by ionising particles. The combination of SIM and FNTDs for alpha radiation paves the way for affordable and fast alpha spectroscopy and dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J M Kouwenberg
- Radiation, Science & Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft Faculteit Technische Natuurwetenschappen, Mekelweg 15, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - G J Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H T Wolterbeek
- Radiation, Science & Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft Faculteit Technische Natuurwetenschappen, Mekelweg 15, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - A B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A G Denkova
- Radiation, Science & Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft Faculteit Technische Natuurwetenschappen, Mekelweg 15, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - A J J Bos
- Radiation, Science & Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft Faculteit Technische Natuurwetenschappen, Mekelweg 15, Delft, the Netherlands
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28
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Pandya NJ, Koopmans F, Slotman JA, Paliukhovich I, Houtsmuller AB, Smit AB, Li KW. Correlation profiling of brain sub-cellular proteomes reveals co-assembly of synaptic proteins and subcellular distribution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12107. [PMID: 28935861 PMCID: PMC5608747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein correlation profiling might assist in defining co-assembled proteins and subcellular distribution. Here, we quantified the proteomes of five biochemically isolated mouse brain cellular sub-fractions, with emphasis on synaptic compartments, from three brain regions, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. We demonstrated the expected co-fractionation of canonical synaptic proteins belonging to the same functional groups. The enrichment profiles also suggested the presence of many novel pre- and post-synaptic proteins. Using super-resolution microscopy on primary neuronal culture we confirmed the postsynaptic localization of PLEKHA5 and ADGRA1. We further detected profound brain region specific differences in the extent of enrichment for some functionally associated proteins. This is exemplified by different AMPA receptor subunits and substantial differences in sub-fraction distribution of their potential interactors, which implicated the differences of AMPA receptor complex compositions. This resource aids the identification of proteins partners and subcellular distribution of synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil J Pandya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Meddens MBM, Pandzic E, Slotman JA, Guillet D, Joosten B, Mennens S, Paardekooper LM, Houtsmuller AB, van den Dries K, Wiseman PW, Cambi A. Actomyosin-dependent dynamic spatial patterns of cytoskeletal components drive mesoscale podosome organization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13127. [PMID: 27721497 PMCID: PMC5062568 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are cytoskeletal structures crucial for cell protrusion and matrix remodelling in osteoclasts, activated endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. In these cells, hundreds of podosomes are spatially organized in diversely shaped clusters. Although we and others established individual podosomes as micron-sized mechanosensing protrusive units, the exact scope and spatiotemporal organization of podosome clustering remain elusive. By integrating a newly developed extension of Spatiotemporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy with novel image analysis, we demonstrate that F-actin, vinculin and talin exhibit directional and correlated flow patterns throughout podosome clusters. Pattern formation and magnitude depend on the cluster actomyosin machinery. Indeed, nanoscopy reveals myosin IIA-decorated actin filaments interconnecting multiple proximal podosomes. Extending well-beyond podosome nearest neighbours, the actomyosin-dependent dynamic spatial patterns reveal a previously unappreciated mesoscale connectivity throughout the podosome clusters. This directional transport and continuous redistribution of podosome components provides a mechanistic explanation of how podosome clusters function as coordinated mechanosensory area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM) Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Guillet
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM) Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Mennens
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent M Paardekooper
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM) Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Pandya NJ, Klaassen RV, van der Schors RC, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Smit AB, Li KW. Inside Front Cover: Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 form a protein complex in mouse hippocampus and cortex. Proteomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201670181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Hansenová Maňásková S, Bikker FJ, Nazmi K, van Zuidam R, Slotman JA, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, Veerman ECI, Kaman WE. Incorporation of a Valine-Leucine-Lysine-Containing Substrate in the Bacterial Cell Wall. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2418-2423. [PMID: 27611478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major public health threat, and therefore novel antimicrobial targets and strategies are urgently needed. In this regard, cell-wall-associated proteases are envisaged as interesting antimicrobial targets due to their role in cell wall remodeling. Here, we describe the discovery and characteristics of a protease substrate that is processed by a bacterial cell-wall-associated protease. Stationary-phase grown Gram-positive bacteria were incubated with fluorogenic protease substrates, and their cleavage and covalent incorporation into the cell wall was analyzed. Of all of the substrates used, only one substrate, containing a valine-leucine-lysine (VLK) motif, was covalently incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Linkage of the VLK-peptide substrate appeared unrelated to sortase A and B activity, as both wild-type and sortase A and B knock out Staphylococcus aureus strains incorporated this substrate into their cell wall with comparable efficiency. Additionally, the VLK-peptide substrate showed significantly higher incorporation in the cell wall of VanA-positive Enterococcus faecium strains than in VanB- and vancomycin-susceptible isolates. In conclusion, the VLK-peptide substrate identified in this study shows promise as a vehicle for targeting antimicrobial compounds and diagnostic contrast agents to the bacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Hansenová Maňásková
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC , Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne van Zuidam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC , Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC , Dr Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC , Dr Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC , Dr Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC , Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
Nuclear foci of chromatin binding factors are, in many cases, discussed as sites of long-range chromatin interaction in the three-dimensional nuclear space. Insulator binding proteins have been shown to aggregate into insulator bodies, which are large structures not involved in insulation; however, the more diffusely distributed insulator speckles have not been analysed in this respect. Furthermore, insulator binding proteins have been shown to drive binding sites for Polycomb group proteins into Polycomb bodies. Here we find that insulator speckles, marked by the insulator binding protein dCTCF, and Polycomb bodies show differential association with the insulator protein CP190. They differ in number and three-dimensional location with only 26% of the Polycomb bodies overlapping with CP190. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to identify long-range interaction (kissing) of the Hox gene clusters Antennapedia complex (ANT-C) and Bithorax complex (BX-C), we found the frequency of interaction to be very low. However, these rare kissing events were associated with insulator speckles at a significantly shorter distance and an increased speckle number. This suggests that insulator speckles are associated with long-distance interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Buxa
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, Giessen D35392, Germany
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W Paul
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Renkawitz
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, Giessen D35392, Germany
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Pandya NJ, Klaassen RV, van der Schors RC, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Smit AB, Li KW. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 form a protein complex in mouse hippocampus and cortex. Proteomics 2016; 16:2698-2705. [PMID: 27392515 PMCID: PMC5129514 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 (mGluR1/5) have been implicated in mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in autism spectrum disorders. The interactome of group 1 mGluRs has remained largely unresolved. Using a knockout‐controlled interaction proteomics strategy we examined the mGluR5 protein complex in two brain regions, hippocampus and cortex, and identified mGluR1 as its major interactor in addition to the well described Homer proteins. We confirmed the presence of mGluR1/5 complex by (i) reverse immunoprecipitation using an mGluR1 antibody to pulldown mGluR5 from hippocampal tissue, (ii) coexpression in HEK293 cells followed by coimmunoprecipitation to reveal the direct interaction of mGluR1 and 5, and (iii) superresolution microscopy imaging of hippocampal primary neurons to show colocalization of the mGluR1/5 in the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil J Pandya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco V Klaassen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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van den Dries K, Meddens MB, Pandzic E, Joosten B, Slotman JA, Nahidiazar L, Jalink K, Houtsmuller AB, Wisemann PW, Cambi A. From Nanoscale to Mesoscale: Integrating Advanced Microscopy Techniques to Reveal the Ultrastructure and Coordinated Dynamics of Mechanosensory Podosomes. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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35
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Oldenburg J, van der Krogt G, Twiss F, Bongaarts A, Habani Y, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Huveneers S, de Rooij J. VASP, zyxin and TES are tension-dependent members of Focal Adherens Junctions independent of the α-catenin-vinculin module. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17225. [PMID: 26611125 PMCID: PMC4661603 DOI: 10.1038/srep17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are integrated at cadherin-based adhesion complexes to regulate morphology and strength of cell-cell junctions and organization of associated F-actin. A central mechanosensor at the cadherin complex is α-catenin, whose stretching recruits vinculin to regulate adhesion strength. The identity of the F-actin regulating signals that are also activated by mechanical forces at cadherin-based junctions has remained elusive. Here we identify the actin-regulators VASP, zyxin and TES as members of punctate, tensile cadherin-based junctions called Focal Adherens Junctions (FAJ) and show that they display mechanosensitive recruitment similar to that of vinculin. However, this recruitment is not altered by destroying or over-activating the α-catenin/vinculin module. Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) indicates that these tension sensitive proteins concentrate at locations within FAJs that are distinct from the core cadherin complex proteins. Furthermore, localization studies using mutated versions of VASP and zyxin indicate that these two proteins require binding to each other in order to localize to the FAJs. We conclude that there are multiple force sensitive modules present at the FAJ that are activated at distinct locations along the cadherin-F-actin axis and regulate specific aspects of junction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joppe Oldenburg
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard van der Krogt
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor Twiss
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Bongaarts
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasmin Habani
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50-60, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50-60, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam. Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Dept. Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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36
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Federici F, Mulugeta E, Schoenmakers S, Wassenaar E, Hoogerbrugge JW, van der Heijden GW, van Cappellen WA, Slotman JA, van IJcken WFJ, Laven JSE, Grootegoed JA, Baarends WM. Incomplete meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in the domestic dog. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:291. [PMID: 25884295 PMCID: PMC4399420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammalian meiotic prophase, homologous chromosome recognition is aided by formation and repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Subsequently, stable associations form through homologous chromosome synapsis. In male mouse meiosis, the largely heterologous X and Y chromosomes synapse only in their short pseudoautosomal regions (PARs), and DSBs persist along the unsynapsed non-homologous arms of these sex chromosomes. Asynapsis of these arms and the persistent DSBs then trigger transcriptional silencing through meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), resulting in formation of the XY body. This inactive state is partially maintained in post-meiotic haploid spermatids (postmeiotic sex chromatin repression, PSCR). For the human, establishment of MSCI and PSCR have also been reported, but X-linked gene silencing appears to be more variable compared to mouse. To gain more insight into the regulation and significance of MSCI and PSCR among different eutherian species, we have performed a global analysis of XY pairing dynamics, DSB repair, MSCI and PSCR in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), for which the complete genome sequence has recently become available, allowing a thorough comparative analyses. RESULTS In addition to PAR synapsis between X and Y, we observed extensive self-synapsis of part of the dog X chromosome, and rapid loss of known markers of DSB repair from that part of the X. Sequencing of RNA from purified spermatocytes and spermatids revealed establishment of MSCI. However, the self-synapsing region of the X displayed higher X-linked gene expression compared to the unsynapsed area in spermatocytes, and was post-meiotically reactivated in spermatids. In contrast, genes in the PAR, which are expected to escape MSCI, were expressed at very low levels in both spermatocytes and spermatids. Our comparative analysis was then used to identify two X-linked genes that may escape MSCI in spermatocytes, and 21 that are specifically re-activated in spermatids of human, mouse and dog. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that MSCI is incomplete in the dog. This may be partially explained by extensive, but transient, self-synapsis of the X chromosome, in association with rapid completion of meiotic DSB repair. In addition, our comparative analysis identifies novel candidate male fertility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Federici
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eskeatnaf Mulugeta
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present address: Institut Curie, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Unit 11 et 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelyne Wassenaar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos W Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Godfried W van der Heijden
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Anton Grootegoed
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Basu S, Sladecek S, Pemble H, Wittmann T, Slotman JA, van Cappellen W, Brenner HR, Galjart N. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering is regulated both by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-dependent phosphorylation and the level of CLIP-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) mediating the capture of microtubule plus-ends. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30857-30867. [PMID: 25231989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic apparatus of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) traps and anchors acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at high density at the synapse. We have previously shown that microtubule (MT) capture by CLASP2, a MT plus-end-tracking protein (+TIP), increases the size and receptor density of AChR clusters at the NMJ through the delivery of AChRs and that this is regulated by a pathway involving neuronal agrin and several postsynaptic kinases, including GSK3. Phosphorylation by GSK3 has been shown to cause CLASP2 dissociation from MT ends, and nine potential phosphorylation sites for GSK3 have been mapped on CLASP2. How CLASP2 phosphorylation regulates MT capture at the NMJ and how this controls the size of AChR clusters are not yet understood. To examine this, we used myotubes cultured on agrin patches that induce AChR clustering in a two-dimensional manner. We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected. Conversely, myotubes expressing a phosphomimetic form of CLASP2 (CLASP2-8XS/D) show enrichment of immobile mutant CLASP2 in clusters, but MT capture and AChR cluster size are reduced. Taken together, our data suggest that both GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation and the level of CLASP2 play a role in the maintenance of AChR cluster size through the regulated capture and release of MT plus-ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Basu
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland,; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sladecek
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hayley Pemble
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans-Rudolf Brenner
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland,.
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands,.
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38
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Righolt CH, Slotman JA, Young IT, Mai S, van Vliet LJ, Stallinga S. Image filtering in structured illumination microscopy using the Lukosz bound. Opt Express 2013; 21:24431-24451. [PMID: 24150288 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.024431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various aspects of image filtering affect the final image quality in Structured Illumination Microscopy, in particular the regularization parameter and type of regularization function, the relative height of the side bands, and the shape of the apodization function. We propose an apodization filter without adjustable parameters based on the application of the Lukosz bound in order to guarantee a non-negative point spread function. Simulations of digital resolution charts and experimental data of chromatin structures and of actin filaments show artefact free reconstructions for a wide range of filter parameters. In general, a trade-off is observed between sharpness and noise suppression.
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39
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Slotman JA, da Silva Almeida AC, Hassink GC, van de Ven RHA, van Kerkhof P, Kuiken HJ, Strous GJ. Ubc13 and COOH terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) are required for growth hormone receptor endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15533-43. [PMID: 22433856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.302521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) endocytosis is a highly regulated process that depends on the binding and activity of the multimeric ubiquitin ligase, SCF(βTrCP) (Skp Cullin F-box). Despite a specific interaction between β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTrCP) and the GHR, and a strict requirement for ubiquitination activity, the receptor is not an obligatory target for SCF(βTrCP)-directed Lys(48) polyubiquitination. We now show that also Lys(63)-linked ubiquitin chain formation is required for GHR endocytosis. We identified both the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and the ubiquitin ligase COOH terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP) as being connected to this process. Ubc13 activity and its interaction with CHIP precede endocytosis of GHR. In addition to βTrCP, CHIP interacts specifically with the cytosolic tails of the dimeric GHR, identifying both Ubc13 and CHIP as novel factors in the regulation of cell surface availability of GHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A Slotman
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Institute of Biomembranes, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Putters J, Slotman JA, Gerlach JP, Strous GJ. Specificity, location and function of βTrCP isoforms and their splice variants. Cell Signal 2011; 23:641-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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