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Hoch JM, Swann A, Kleis R, Hoch MC, Baker C, Dlugonski D. Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Outcomes in Participants with Symptomatic and Non-Symptomatic Knees after ACL Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:206-214. [PMID: 38313672 PMCID: PMC10837830 DOI: 10.26603/001c.91649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals who sustain an ACL injury and undergo reconstruction (ACLR) are at risk for the development of osteoarthritis. Recent investigations have applied the Englund criteria to categorize people with a history of ACLR as someone with a symptomatic or asymptomatic knee. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and psychological outcomes in people with a history of ACLR who were categorized as symptomatic or non-symptomatic by application of the Englund criteria. The authors' hypothesized participants classified as symptomatic would have lower HRQL, increased fear-avoidance beliefs, and decreased resilience compared to participants classified as non-symptomatic. Study design Cross-sectional, survey. Methods Participants at least one-year after ACLR were recruited for the study and completed the Tegner Activity Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (mDPA), and the Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ) at one time-point. Descriptive statistics were summarized using median [interquartile range] and differences between groups were examined using separate Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Participants with symptomatic knees had a significantly higher BMI (24.8 [6.4]) than the non-symptomatic group (21.2 [4.3], p=0.013). Participants in the symptomatic group had worse HRQL on the physical subscale (12.5 [16.3] vs. 0.0 [2.5], p<0.001) and mental subscale (2.0 [1] vs. 0.0 [1], p=0.031), higher scores on the FABQ-Sport (14.5 [11] vs. 0.0 [6], p<0.001) and FABQ-Physical Activity (20 [24] vs. 1 [4], p<0.001) and less resilience (3.7[0.42] vs. 4.0 [0.83], p=0.028) compared to those participants in the non-symptomatic group. There were no differences in current physical activity (p=0.285) or change in physical activity (p=0.124) levels between the two groups. Conclusions This series of differences may represent a cascade of events that can continue to negatively impact health outcomes across the lifespan for individuals with a history of ACLR. Future research should consider longitudinal investigations of these outcomes after injury and throughout the post-surgical and post-rehabilitation timeframe. Level of Evidence Level 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Hoch
- Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition University of Kentucky
| | | | - Rachel Kleis
- Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition University of Kentucky
- Sports Medicine Research Institute University of Kentucky
| | - Carrie Baker
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition University of Kentucky
| | - Dee Dlugonski
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition University of Kentucky
- Sports Medicine Research Institute University of Kentucky
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Gadd N, Hoch JM, McKay C, Tinsley J, Dlugonski D. Youth sport participation, injury history, and current physical activity among young adults. J Am Coll Health 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37437201 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the interaction between high school (HS) sports participation and injury history with current moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among young adults. Participants: Participants (N = 236) were 18-25 years old, not currently injured, and reported no physical activity limitations. Methods: Participants completed online demographic, injury history, and physical activity surveys. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to test the interaction between HS athlete status and previous injury severity on current self-reported MVPA. Results: Participants were 22.2 ± 2.1 years, primarily White (81.8%) or Asian (6.4%), and female (77.5%). After including body mass index and race as covariates, there was a statistically significant interaction between HS athlete status and previous injury history such that current MVPA was higher among former HS athletes compared to HS recreational/nonathletes when individuals reported no injuries or mild injury severity. MVPA was similar across athlete status groups when participants reported high levels of injury severity. Conclusions: Future studies should examine whether young adults who have experienced multiple and/or severe injuries as competitive HS athletes have unique physical activity barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Gadd
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chloe McKay
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jennifer Tinsley
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Deirdre Dlugonski
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Hoch MC, Hertel J, Gribble PA, Heebner NR, Hoch JM, Kosik KB, Long D, Sessoms PH, Silder A, Torp DM, Thompson KL, Fraser JJ. Correction: Effects of foot intensive rehabilitation (FIRE) on clinical outcomes for patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:70. [PMID: 37143146 PMCID: PMC10157992 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Jay Hertel
- Sports Medicine and Chair, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 550 Brandon Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4407, USA
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Nicholas R Heebner
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Kyle B Kosik
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Doug Long
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | - Pinata H Sessoms
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106-3521, USA
| | - Amy Silder
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106-3521, USA
| | - Danielle M Torp
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Katherine L Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - John J Fraser
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106- 3521, USA
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Hoch MC, Hertel J, Gribble PA, Heebner NR, Hoch JM, Kosik KB, Long D, Sessoms PH, Silder A, Torp DM, Thompson KL, Fraser JJ. Effects of foot intensive rehabilitation (FIRE) on clinical outcomes for patients with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 37032355 PMCID: PMC10084629 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral ankle sprains account for a large proportion of musculoskeletal injuries among civilians and military service members, with up to 40% of patients developing chronic ankle instability (CAI). Although foot function is compromised in patients with CAI, these impairments are not routinely addressed by current standard of care (SOC) rehabilitation protocols, potentially limiting their effectiveness. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine if a Foot Intensive REhabilitation (FIRE) protocol is more effective compared to SOC rehabilitation for patients with CAI. METHODS This study will use a three-site, single-blind, randomized controlled trial design with data collected over four data collection points (baseline and post-intervention with 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups) to assess variables related to recurrent injury, sensorimotor function, and self-reported function. A total of 150 CAI patients (50 per site) will be randomly assigned to one of two rehabilitation groups (FIRE or SOC). Rehabilitation will consist of a 6-week intervention composed of supervised and home exercises. Patients assigned to SOC will complete exercises focused on ankle strengthening, balance training, and range of motion, while patients assigned to FIRE will complete a modified SOC program along with additional exercises focused on intrinsic foot muscle activation, dynamic foot stability, and plantar cutaneous stimulation. DISCUSSION The overall goal of this trial is to compare the effectiveness of a FIRE program versus a SOC program on near- and long-term functional outcomes in patients with CAI. We hypothesize the FIRE program will reduce the occurrence of future ankle sprains and ankle giving way episodes while creating clinically relevant improvements in sensorimotor function and self-reported disability beyond the SOC program alone. This study will also provide longitudinal outcome findings for both FIRE and SOC for up to two years. Enhancing the current SOC for CAI will improve the ability of rehabilitation to reduce subsequent ankle injuries, diminish CAI-related impairments, and improve patient-oriented measures of health, which are critical for the immediate and long-term health of civilians and service members with this condition. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Registry: NCT #NCT04493645 (7/29/20).
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Grants
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
- W81XWH-20-2-0035 U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Jay Hertel
- Sports Medicine and Chair, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 550 Brandon Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4407, USA
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Nicholas R Heebner
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Kyle B Kosik
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Doug Long
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | - Pinata H Sessoms
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106-3521, USA
| | - Amy Silder
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106-3521, USA
| | - Danielle M Torp
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Katherine L Thompson
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - John J Fraser
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106-3521, USA
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Kleis RR, Dlugonski D, Baker CS, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Examining physical literacy in young adults: psychometric properties of the PLAYself. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:926-932. [PMID: 36005480 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PLAYself is a commonly utilized tool to assess physical literacy in child and adolescent populations. Currently, there are no measurement tools designed to examine physical literacy among adults. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the psychometric properties of PLAYself subsections in a sample of young adults. Two hundred forty-five young adults (ages 18-25) from the United States completed the PLAYself questionnaire. Multiple principal component analyses using promax rotation were utilized to assess the current factor structure of the PLAYself subsections. Each subsection was analyzed independently to explore individual summary components. PLAYself subsections were assessed for reliability using Cronbach's α, inter-item correlations, and item-total correlations. A multi-factor structure was identified for each PLAYself subsection. A 2-factor structure was identified for the Environment subsection accounting for 55.2% of the variance. A 2-factor structure was identified for the Physical Literacy Self-Description subsection accounting for 57.1% of the variance. A 3-factor structure was identified for the Relative Ranking of Literacies subsection accounting for 70.3% of the variance. The Environment, Physical Literacy Self-Description, and Relative Ranking of Literacies subsections demonstrated poor (α = 0.577), good (α = 0.89), and acceptable (α = 0.79) internal consistencies, respectively. The Physical Literacy Self-Description subsection demonstrated the best psychometric properties in our sample, and thus may be an appropriate tool to assess physical literacy in a young adult population until additional measurement tools are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Kleis
- Rehabilitation and Health Sciences Program, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deirdre Dlugonski
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carrie S Baker
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
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Walsh BM, Kosik KB, Bain KA, Houston MN, Hoch MC, Gribble P, Hoch JM. Exploratory factor analysis of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in patients with chronic ankle instability. Foot (Edinb) 2022; 51:101902. [PMID: 35255408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform an exploratory factor analysis of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in patients with chronic ankle instability. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was utilized. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire was administered to patients with chronic ankle instability who met the inclusion criteria. Both an unrestricted and restricted factor analysis with varimax rotation were utilized to explore the factor structure of the instrument. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values were used to determine sampling adequacy. Bartlett's test of sphericity was used to justify that the correlations were suitable for the principal component analysis. RESULTS The restricted two-factor analysis resulted in two factors with acceptable internal consistency values. The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin value was acceptable (0.81), and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (χ2 (55) = 515.59, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The ankle-specific Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire consists of two stable factors and should be used to further examine fear-avoidance beliefs in people with chronic ankle instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Walsh
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyle B Kosik
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Katherine A Bain
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Megan N Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Phillip Gribble
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Dlugonski D, Gadd N, McKay C, Kleis RR, Hoch JM. Physical Literacy and Physical Activity Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review. Transl J ACSM 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) in collegiate athletes based on ankle sprain history. Participants included athletes with ankle sprain history (n = 18) and athletes with no ankle sprain history (n = 33). Participants completed an upper-extremity VMRT task which was comprised of eight wireless light-emitting diode sensors. The difference between reaction time (sec) and the number of "Hits" and "Misses" were compared between groups. The ankle sprain history group had significantly slower VMRT compared to the no ankle sprain history group with moderate effect sizes. However, there was no difference in the number of "Hits" or "Misses" between groups, despite observing moderate effect sizes. This result suggests that VMRT may be a potential target for prevention and rehabilitation strategies in individuals with ankle sprains. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of VMRT on the risk of ankle sprains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongtak Song
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carolina Quintana
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Heebner
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Baez S, Cormier M, Andreatta R, Gribble P, Hoch JM. Implementation of In vivo exposure therapy to decrease injury-related fear in females with a history of ACL-Reconstruction: A pilot study. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:217-223. [PMID: 34626890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to examine the preliminary feasibility and efficacy of in vivo exposure therapy (IVET) to decrease injury-related fear in females with history of ACLR. DESIGN Pilot Study. SETTING Sports Medicine Research Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 12 female participants with history of ACLR (≥ 1 year post-operative) were randomized into a 5-week IVET group (n = 6) or 5-week sham physical activity (PA) monitoring group (n = 6). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The independent variables were Group and Time. The dependent variables were the Photographic Series of Sports Activities for ACLR (PHOSA-ACLR) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) scores. A Group x Time repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was completed for the PHOSA-ACLR and the TSK-11. Partial η2 effect sizes were used to examine clinically meaningful differences. RESULTS High retention and adherence rates were observed in the intervention group. The PHOSA-ACLR exhibited a significant main effect for Time (F1,10 = 9.92, p = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.50), but not for Group. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences were observed for the TSK-11. CONCLUSION Both groups exhibited decreased injury-related fear for specific functional tasks. Future research should further examine the efficacy of IVET and PA monitoring to decrease injury-related fear in patients after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Baez
- Department of Kinesiology at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Richard Andreatta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Phillip Gribble
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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Baez S, Andersen A, Andreatta R, Cormier M, Gribble PA, Hoch JM. Authors' Response. J Athl Train 2021; 56:1156-1158. [PMID: 34662418 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-1013-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Baez
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | | | - Richard Andreatta
- Department of Communications Sciences and Disorders, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Bain KA, Hoch MC, Kosik KB, Gribble PA, Hoch JM. Psychological impairments in individuals with history of ankle sprain: a systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:1889-1907. [PMID: 33896345 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1920079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be used to assess and monitor psychological health following musculoskeletal injury. Studies have reported decreased psychological health after lateral ankle sprain (LAS) using numerous PROs. The purpose of this systematic review was to critically evaluate individual studies, summarize PROs utilized to quantify psychological health, and examine the effect of ankle injury on psychological health between groups (1 LAS, >1 LAS, and healthy controls). Databases searched included: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, APA, Psychinfo and PubMed Central. All case-control studies were critically appraised using the modified Downs and Black. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated between the groups (1 LAS, >1 LAS, healthy control) for each of the identified studies, for each included PRO used to quantify psychological impairments. Nine high-quality manuscripts were included. Overall, individuals with history of > 1 LAS self-reported greater psychological impairments compared to healthy controls (ES range = -0.37-12.16), while those with 1 LAS had similar psychological health to healthy control groups (ES rang e = -0.65-0.65). Conclusion: The main findings from this systematic review were individuals with > 1 LAS have increased levels of injury-related fear and decreased psychological health compared to healthy controls. PROs can aid clinicians in identifying psychological health concerns during rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Bain
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kyle B Kosik
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Armitano‐Lago CN, Morrison S, Hoch JM, Bennett HJ, Russell DM. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed individuals demonstrate slower reactions during a dynamic postural task. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1518-1528. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney N. Armitano‐Lago
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North CarolinaUSA
| | - Steven Morrison
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk VirginiaUSA
| | - Johanna M. Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training & Clinical Nutrition University of Kentucky Lexington KentuckyUSA
| | - Hunter J. Bennett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk VirginiaUSA
| | - Daniel M. Russell
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk VirginiaUSA
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Hoch JM, Hartzell J, Kosik KB, Cramer RJ, Gribble PA, Hoch MC. Continued validation and known groups validity of the Quick-FAAM: Inclusion of participants with chronic ankle instability and ankle sprain copers. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Baez SE, Hoch MC, Hoch JM. Psychological factors are associated with return to pre-injury levels of sport and physical activity after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:495-501. [PMID: 31486916 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impetus of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to allow patients to return to sport and to remain engaged in physical activity. Many patients exhibit deficits in psychological domains of health-related quality of life which may impede return to sport and physical activity participation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of patient-based, specifically psychological, and functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity. METHODS Forty participants, a minimum of 1-year post-ACLR, reported to the laboratory for one-testing session. Participants completed a series of patient-based and functional outcome assessments. Participants were also instructed to wear a pedometer for 1 week to monitor their daily steps. RESULTS Twenty-five participants (62%) did not return to sport and 29 participants (72%) did not average 10,000 steps per day. Individuals with elevated levels of self-reported kinesiophobia were 17% less likely to return to sport. Self-reported knee self-efficacy and knee-related quality of life accounted for 27.1% of the variance of average daily step counts. CONCLUSIONS Psychological factors, specifically injury-related fear and self-efficacy, were associated more significantly than functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity levels. Clinicians should examine psychological factors throughout rehabilitation in patients after ACLR. Future research should explore the effectiveness of psychoeducation techniques to decrease injury-related fear and enhance self-efficacy in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Baez
- Department of Kinesiology at Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Baez SE, Hoch JM, Cramer RJ. Social Cognitive Theory and the Fear-Avoidance Model: An Explanation of Poor Health Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20181002-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hoch JM, Lorete C, Legner J, Hoch MC. The Relationship Among 3 Generic Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments in Patients With Lower Extremity Health Conditions. J Athl Train 2019; 54:550-555. [PMID: 31084504 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-350-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Generic patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are designed to capture health-related quality-of-life outcomes and to determine treatment effectiveness from the patient's perspective. Multiple generic PROs are used in clinical practice, and an investigation of the psychometric properties of these instruments in a high-functioning, physically active population is important for the future use of these instruments. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship among 3 generic PROs: the modified Disablement in the Physically Active (mDPA) Scale, the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), and the Short Form 12 (SF-12) in physically active patients seeking treatment for a lower extremity health condition. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Athletic training clinical facility, physical therapy clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS One hundred patients seeking rehabilitation services for a lower extremity health condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) All patients completed a demographic questionnaire and the 3 generic PROs at 1 time point during their rehabilitation: the mDPA-Total, mDPA-physical summary component (mDPA-PSC), mDPA-mental summary component (mDPA-MSC), the PROMIS-PF, and SF-12 mental component summary (SF-MCS) and physical component summary (SF-PCS). Separate Spearman rank (r) correlations were performed to assess the strength of the relationship among PRO instruments. The floor and ceiling effects were also examined. RESULTS A strong relationship was present between the SF-12 PCS and the mDPA-Total (r = -0.65), the mDPA-PSC (r = -0.64), and the PROMIS-PF (r = 0.65). Significant moderate relationships were identified between the mDPA-MSC and the SF-12 PCS (r = -0.43) and MCS (r = -0.53). Weak relationships were noted between the mDPA-Total and SF-12 MCS (r = -0.21) and the SF-12 MCS and mDPA-PSC (r = -0.10) and PROMIS-PF (r = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS The PROMIS-PF and mDPA had good convergent and divergent validity. Clinicians treating physically active patients should consider these instruments for use in clinical practice. Future researchers should examine additional psychometric properties of these instruments in physically active patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie Legner
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA
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Abstract
CONTEXT The accurate evaluation of self-reported changes in function throughout the rehabilitation process is important for determining patient progression. Currently, how a response shift (RS) may affect the accuracy of self-reported functional assessment in a population with chronic ankle instability (CAI) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the RS in individuals with CAI after a 4-week multimodal rehabilitation program. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty adults (5 men, 15 women; age = 24.35 ± 6.95 years, height = 169.29 ± 10.10 cm, mass = 70.58 ± 12.90 kg) with self-reported CAI participated. Inclusion criteria were at least 1 previous ankle sprain, at least 2 episodes of the ankle "giving way" in the 3 months before the study, and a score ≤24 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. INTERVENTION(S) Individuals participated in 12 intervention sessions over 4 weeks and daily home ankle strengthening and stretching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed at 4 times (baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and 2-week follow-up). At the postintervention and 2-week follow-up, participants completed then-test assessments to measure RS. Then-test assessments are retrospective evaluations of perceived baseline function completed after an intervention. The PROs consisted of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living and Sport subscales, the modified Disablement in the Physically Active scale physical and mental summary components, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Physical Activity and Work subscales. We used repeated-measures analyses of variance to compare preintervention with then-test measurements. Individual-level RSs were examined by determining the number of participants who experienced preintervention to then-test differences that exceeded the calculated minimal detectable change. RESULTS We did not identify an RS for any PRO (F > 2.338, P > .12), indicating no group-level differences between the preintervention and retrospective then-test assessments. Individual-level RS was most prominent in the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport subscale (n = 6, 30%) and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Physical Activity subscale (n = 9, 45%). CONCLUSIONS No group-level RS was identified for any PRO after a 4-week multimodal rehabilitation program in individuals with CAI. This finding indicates that traditional assessment of self-reported function was accurate for evaluating the short-term effects of rehabilitation in those with CAI. Low levels of individual-level RS were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Powden
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Beth E Jamali
- Athletic Training and Physical Therapy, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Hoch JM, Baez SE, Hoch MC. Examination of ankle function in individuals with a history of ACL reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 36:55-61. [PMID: 30660900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between self-reported ankle and knee function, and to examine differences in ankle function between healthy and injured limbs in individuals with a history of ACL reconstruction (ACLR). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 18 adults with a history of ACLR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed four patient-reported outcomes: the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS), the Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, the modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, and the Quick-Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Quick-FAAM). Additional ankle function measures collected bilaterally included plantar cutaneous sensation, dorsiflexion range of motion and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength. RESULTS Three KOOS-subscales were significantly, moderately correlated to the Quick-FAAM for the injured limb. There were differences in the uninjured and injured Quick-FAAM scores. No other differences were observed in ankle function measures. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported ankle and knee function are correlated in participants with a history of ACLR. Clinicians should be made aware of the influence of this health condition on the distal joint, and treatment strategies to address these perceived impairments should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Hoch
- University of Kentucky, 206A Charles T Wethington Building, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Shelby E Baez
- University of Kentucky, 206 Charles T Wethington Building, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 720 Sports Center Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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Powden CJ, Hoch JM, Jamali BE, Hoch MC. A 4-Week Multimodal Intervention for Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: Examination of Disease-Oriented and Patient-Oriented Outcomes. J Athl Train 2018; 54:384-396. [PMID: 30589387 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-344-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) experience disease- and patient-oriented impairments that contribute to both immediate and long-term health detriments. Investigators have demonstrated the ability of targeted interventions to improve these impairments. However, the combined effects of a multimodal intervention on a multidimensional profile of health have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a 4-week rehabilitation program on disease- and patient-oriented impairments associated with CAI. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty adults (5 males, 15 females; age = 24.35 ± 6.95 years, height = 169.29 ± 10.10 cm, mass = 70.58 ± 12.90 kg) with self-reported CAI participated. Inclusion criteria were at least 1 previous ankle sprain, at least 2 episodes of "giving way" in the 3 months before the study, and a Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score ≤24. INTERVENTION(S) Individuals participated in 12 sessions over 4 weeks that consisted of ankle stretching and strengthening, balance training, and joint mobilizations. They also completed home ankle-strengthening and -stretching exercises daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Dorsiflexion range of motion (weight-bearing-lunge test), isometric ankle strength (inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion), isometric hip strength (abduction, adduction, flexion, extension), dynamic postural control (Y-Balance test), static postural control (eyes-open and -closed time to boundary in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions), and patient-reported outcomes (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport, modified Disablement in the Physically Active scale physical and mental summary components, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Physical Activity and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Work) were assessed at 4 times (baseline, preintervention, postintervention, 2-week follow-up). RESULTS Dorsiflexion range of motion, each direction of the Y-Balance test, 4-way ankle strength, hip-adduction and -extension strength, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living score, the modified Disablement in the Physically Active scale-physical summary component score, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Physical Activity score were improved at postintervention (P < .001; effect-size range = 0.72-1.73) and at the 2-week follow-up (P < .001; effect-size range = 0.73-1.72) compared with preintervention. Hip-flexion strength was improved at postintervention compared with preintervention (P = .03; effect size = 0.61). Hip-abduction strength was improved at the 2-week follow-up compared with preintervention (P = .001; effect size = 0.96). Time to boundary in the anterior-posterior direction was increased at the 2-week follow-up compared with preintervention (P < .04; effect-size range = 0.61-0.78) and postintervention (P < .04) during the eyes-open condition. CONCLUSION A 4-week rehabilitation program improved a multidimensional profile of health in participants with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Powden
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Beth E Jamali
- Athletic Training and Physical Therapy, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Houston MN, Hoch JM, Cameron KL, Abt JP, Peck KY, Hoch MC. Sex and number of concussions influence the association between concussion and musculoskeletal injury history in collegiate athletes. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1353-1358. [PMID: 30136896 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1512718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Johanna M. Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Cameron
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - John P. Abt
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Karen Y. Peck
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C. Hoch
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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White HM, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Health-Related Quality of Life in University Dance Students. Med Probl Perform Art 2018; 33:14-19. [PMID: 29600304 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2018.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Injuries are common among dancers and may negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQL). The modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (mDPA) is a generic patient-reported outcome instrument that could be used when providing care to patients participating in performing arts. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the internal consistency of the mDPA and assess overall HRQL using the mDPA in university dance students. Thirty-one female university dance students completed the mDPA during one data collection session. Higher scores on the Physical Summary Component (mDPA-PSC), the Mental Summary Component (mDPAMSC), and mDPA-Total indicated increased disablement. The internal consistency was determined using Cronbachs alpha. The mDPA-Total, mDPA-PSC, and mDPAMSC scores were examined descriptively using mean and standard deviations. Individual item responses were also examined. The proportion of university dance students with clinically relevant levels of disablement on the mDPA-Total was examined using a previously established minimally clinically important difference value. The internal consistency for the mDPA-MSC (a=0.91) and mDPATotal (a=0.90) was excellent and good for the mDPA-PSC (a=0.88). A large proportion (71%) of university dance students demonstrated clinically relevant levels of disablement despite fully participating in dance-related activities. Pain, impaired motion, and stress were the greatest contributors to increased disablement in these individuals. The mDPA scores observed in this pilot study indicate that many dance students experience levels of disablement and decreased HRQL which may warrant physical and mental intervention. Clinicians providing healthcare services to performing artists should consider using the mDPA to provide patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Div. of Athletic Training, Dep. of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Health Sciences, 206A Chas. T. Wethington Jr. Bldg., Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Tel 859-323-7070.
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Cavallario JM, Van Lunen BL, Hoch JM, Hoch M, Manspeaker SA, Pribesh SL. Athletic Training Student Core Competency Implementation During Patient Encounters. J Athl Train 2018; 53:282-291. [PMID: 29420058 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-314-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Health care research evidence suggests that early patient encounters (PEs), as well as the purposeful implementation of professional core competencies (CCs), for athletic training students (ATSs) may be beneficial to their ability to provide care. However, no investigators have related facets of the clinical education experience with CC implementation as a form of summative assessment of the clinical experience. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the frequency and length of PEs, as well as the student's role and clinical site during PEs, and the students' perceived CC implementation during these encounters. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Professional athletic training program, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We purposefully recruited 1 athletic training program that used E*Value software; 40 participants (31 females, 9 males) enrolled in the professional phase (12 first year, 14 second year, 14 third year) participated. INTERVENTION(S) Participants viewed a 20-minute recorded CC educational module followed by educational handouts, which were also posted online for reference throughout the semester. The E*Value software was used to track PEs, including the type of encounter (ie, actual patient, practice encounter, didactic practice scenario), the type of site where the encounter occurred (university, high school), and the participant's role (observed, assisted, performed), as well as responses to an added block of questions indicating which, if any, of the CCs were implemented during the PE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Variables per patient were PE length (minutes), participant role, site at which the encounter occurred, and whether any of the 6 CCs were implemented ( yes/ no). Variables per participant were average encounter length (minutes), encounter frequency, modal role, clinical site assignment, and the number of times each CC was implemented. Separate 1-way analyses of variance were used to examine the relationships between role or clinical site and implementation of total number of CCs. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine how the average length and frequency of PEs were related to the average and total number of implemented CCs. Binary logistic regression models indicated how the length of each encounter, role of the participant, and type of clinical site related to the implementation of each CC. RESULTS The roles of participants during PEs were related to their ability to implement the total number of CCs ( F = 103.48, P < .001). Those who observed were likely to implement fewer total CCs than those who assisted (M diff = -0.29, P < .001); those who assisted were likely to implement more total CCs than those who performed (M diff = 0.32, P < .001). Frequency of encounters was the only significant variable in the model examining all independent variables with CC implementation ( b4,32 = 3.34, t = 9.46, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The role of the student, namely assisting during PEs, and the volume of PEs should be considered priorities for students to promote greater CC implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Cavallario
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Bonnie L Van Lunen
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | | | | | - Shana L Pribesh
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Powden CJ, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Rehabilitation and Improvement of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Detriments in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Meta-Analysis. J Athl Train 2017; 52:753-765. [PMID: 28704635 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of conservative rehabilitation programs for improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). DATA SOURCES PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2016. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if the researchers examined the effects of a conservative rehabilitation protocol in individuals with CAI, used validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to quantify participant-perceived HRQL, and provided adequate data to calculate the effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Studies were excluded if the authors evaluated surgical interventions, prophylactic taping, or bracing applications or examined only the immediate effects of 1 treatment session. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently assessed methodologic quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Studies were considered low quality if fewer than 60% of the criteria were met. Level of evidence was assessed using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. Preintervention and postintervention sample sizes, means, and standard deviations of PROs were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 15 studies provided 24 participant groups that were included in the analysis. Seven high-quality studies with a median PEDro score of 50% (range = 10%-80%) and a median level of evidence of 2 (range = 1-2) were identified. The magnitudes of preintervention to postintervention PRO differences were examined using bias-corrected Hedges g ESs. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize PRO changes across all participant groups. Positive ES values indicated better PRO scores at postintervention than at preintervention. The α level was set at .05. Meta-analysis revealed a strong ES with a nonoverlapping 95% CI (ES = 1.20, CI = 0.80, 1.60; P < .001), indicating HRQL improved after conservative rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Based on the quality of the evidence and the results of the meta-analysis, grade A evidence showed that conservative rehabilitation produces large improvements in HRQL for people with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Powden
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Welsch LA, Rutledge C, Hoch JM. The Modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale in Currently Practicing Athletic Trainers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4085/120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Context:
Athletic trainers are encouraged to work collaboratively with other health care professionals to improve patient outcomes. Interprofessional education (IPE) experiences for practicing clinicians should be developed to improve interprofessional collaborative practice postcertification. An outcome measure, such as the modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (mRIPLS), could be used to determine the clinician's attitudes toward IPE and to determine the effectiveness of the experience.
Objective:
To determine select psychometric properties of the mRIPLS in practicing athletic trainers.
Design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Online survey.
Patients or Other Participants:
A survey was sent to 2000 randomly selected practicing athletic trainers. A total of 173 (8.7%) participated, and complete data were available for 145 (7.3%).
Intervention(s):
The survey consisted of a demographic section and the mRIPLS. The mRIPLS consists of 23 statements scored on a 5-point Likert scale divided into 3 subscales: teamwork and collaboration (TWC), patient-centeredness (PC), and sense of professional identity (PI).
Main Outcome Measure(s):
Cronbach α was used to examine the internal consistency. The presence of a ceiling effect (>50% respondents selected the highest score) was determined for each question by examining means and percentages.
Results:
The overall internal consistency of the mRIPLS was acceptable (α = 0.872) along with the TWC (α = 0.917) and PC (α = 0.862) subscales. The PI subscale (α = 0.632) was not acceptable. A ceiling effect was identified for 10 questions, and ≥70% of respondents selected highly agree or agree for 22 questions.
Conclusions:
While the mRIPLS demonstrated overall acceptable internal consistency, all 3 subscales did not. In addition, the presence of a ceiling effect makes the use of this instrument as an outcome measure trivial. Therefore, the current version of the mRIPLS may not be the best outcome to assess openness for IPE or to measure the effectiveness of IPE experiences in practicing athletic trainers.
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Hoch JM, Perkins WO, Hartman JR, Hoch MC. Somatosensory deficits in post‐ACL reconstruction patients: A case–control study. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:5-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk Virginia USA
| | - William O. Perkins
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk Virginia USA
| | - Jonathan R. Hartman
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk Virginia USA
| | - Matthew C. Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk Virginia USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after injury is important. Differences in HRQOL between nonathletes and athletes and between injured and uninjured athletes have been demonstrated; however, the evidence has not been synthesized. OBJECTIVE To answer the following questions: (1) Does HRQOL differ among adolescent and collegiate athletes and nonathletes? (2) Does HRQOL differ between injured adolescent and collegiate athletes or between athletes with a history of injury and uninjured athletes or those without a history of injury? DATA SOURCES We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. A hand search of references was also conducted. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they used generic instruments to compare HRQOL outcomes between athletes and nonathletes and between uninjured and injured athletes. Studies were excluded if they did not use a generic instrument, pertained to instrument development, or included retired athletes or athletes with a chronic disease. DATA EXTRACTION We assessed study quality using the modified Downs and Black Index Tool. Bias-corrected Hedges g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was used to determine the overall strength of the recommendation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for all studies using the composite or total score. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight studies with modified Downs and Black scores ranging from 70.6% to 88.4% were included. For question 1, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was weak (effect size = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.40; P < .001). For question 2, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was moderate (effect size = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.42, 0.95; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Grade A evidence indicates that athletes reported better HRQOL than nonathletes and that uninjured athletes reported better HRQOL than injured athletes. However, the overall effect for question 1 was weak, suggesting that the differences between athletes and nonathletes may not be clinically meaningful. Clinicians should monitor HRQOL after injury to ensure that all dimensions of health are appropriately treated.
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Cuchna JW, Hoch MC, Hoch JM. The interrater and intrarater reliability of the functional movement screen: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 19:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Snyder BA, Munter AD, Houston MN, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the semmes-weinstein monofilament 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Muscle Nerve 2016; 53:918-24. [PMID: 26474392 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments (SWM) are used to examine light touch sensation of the skin. Reliability of the 4-2-1 stepping algorithm approach for determining light touch detection thresholds has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the SWM 4-2-1 stepping algorithm on the plantar surface of the foot. METHODS Four raters with varying levels of SWM assessment experience tested light touch sensation over the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head in 14 healthy adults. During the initial session, all raters performed the 4-2-1 stepping algorithm technique on each subject to determine interrater reliability. One week later, subjects were reassessed by 2 raters to determine intrarater reliability. RESULTS Interrater reliability ranged from moderate-to-good (ICC2,1 = 0.62-0.92). Intrarater reliability also ranged from moderate-to-good (ICC2,1 = 0.61-0.85). CONCLUSIONS The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm demonstrated acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability when measured in healthy adults. Muscle Nerve 53: 918-924, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A Snyder
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander D Munter
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Megan N Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, NY
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Hoch MC, Hoch JM, McKeon PO. 39 Predicting the initial response to joint mobilisation in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095573.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Houston MN, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. 40 Collegiate athletes with ankle sprain history exhibit increased fear-avoidance beliefs. Br J Sports Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095573.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
CONTEXT A comprehensive systematic literature review of the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), ankle-sprain copers, and healthy control participants has not been conducted. It could provide a better indication of the self-reported deficits that may be present in individuals with CAI. OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize the extent to which HRQOL deficits are present in individuals with CAI. DATA SOURCES We searched for articles in the electronic databases of EBSCO Host and PubMed Central using key words chronic, functional, mechanical, coper, instability, sprains, and patient-assessed. We also performed a hand search of reference lists, authors, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of the articles screened for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they (1) incorporated a PRO as a participant descriptor or as a study outcome to compare adults with CAI to ankle-sprain copers or healthy controls, (2) were written in English, and (3) were published in peer-reviewed journals. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently assessed methodologic quality using the modified Downs and Black Index. Articles were filtered into 3 categories based on between-groups comparisons: CAI and copers, CAI and healthy control participants, copers and healthy participants. We calculated Hedges g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals to examine PRO group differences. DATA SYNTHESIS Of the 124 studies assessed for eligibility, 27 were included. A total of 24 articles compared PROs in individuals with CAI and healthy controls, 7 compared individuals with CAI and copers, and 4 compared copers and healthy controls. Quality scores on the modified Downs and Black Index ranged from 52.9% to 88.2%, with 8 high-, 16 moderate-, and 3 low-quality studies. Overall, we observed moderate to strong evidence that individuals with CAI displayed deficits on generic and region-specific PROs compared with copers and healthy controls. However, evidence that differences exist between copers and healthy controls was conflicting. In addition, for dimension-specific outcomes, evidence to suggest that fear of reinjury is heightened in individuals with CAI was limited. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggested that CAI is associated with functional and HRQOL deficits, particularly when examined with region-specific PROs. However, PROs do not appear to differ between copers and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Houston
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Clinicians are urged to document patient-based outcomes during rehabilitation to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) from the patient's perspective. It is unclear how scores on patient-reported outcome instruments (PROs) vary over the course of an athletic season because of normal athletic participation. OBJECTIVE Our primary purpose was to evaluate the effect of administration time point on HRQOL during an athletic season. Secondary purposes were to determine test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores of 3 PROs commonly used in clinical practice and if a relationship exists between generic and region-specific outcome instruments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Athletic facility. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three collegiate soccer athletes (11 men, 12 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) At 5 time points over a spring season, we administered the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPA), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). RESULTS Time effects were observed for the DPA (P = .011) and KOOS Quality of Life subscale (P = .027). However, the differences between individual time points did not surpass the minimal detectable change for the DPA, and no post hoc analyses were significant for the KOOS-Quality of Life subscale. Test-retest reliability was moderate for the KOOS-Pain subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.71) and good for the remaining KOOS subscales, DPA, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.79). The DPA and KOOS-Sport subscale demonstrated a significant moderate relationship (P = .018). CONCLUSIONS Athletic participation during a nontraditional, spring soccer season did not affect HRQOL. All 3 PROs were reliable and could be used clinically to monitor changes in health status throughout an athletic season. Our results demonstrate that significant deviations in scores were related to factors other than participation, such as injury. Finally, both generic and region-specific instruments should be used in clinical practice.
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Houston MN, Hoch JM, Van Lunen BL, Hoch MC. The development of summary components for the Disablement in the Physically Active scale in collegiate athletes. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2657-62. [PMID: 26003315 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Disablement in the Physically Active scale (DPA) is a generic patient-reported outcome designed to evaluate constructs of disability in physically active populations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the DPA scale structure for summary components. METHODS Four hundred and fifty-six collegiate athletes completed a demographic form and the DPA. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with oblique rotation. Factors with eigenvalues >1 that explained >5 % of the variance were retained. RESULTS The PCA revealed a two-factor structure consistent with paradigms used to develop the original DPA. Items 1-12 loaded on Factors 1 and Items 13-16 loaded on Factor 2. Items 1-12 pertain to impairment, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Items 13-16 address psychosocial and emotional well-being. Consideration of item content suggested Factor 1 concerned physical function, while Factor 2 concerned mental well-being. Thus, items clustered around Factor 1 and 2 were identified as physical (DPA-PSC) and mental (DPA-MSC) summary components, respectively. Together, the factors accounted for 65.1 % of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The PCA revealed a two-factor structure for the DPA that resulted in DPA-PSC and DPA-MSC. Analyzing the DPA as separate constructs may provide distinct information that could help to prescribe treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Houston
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Bonnie L Van Lunen
- School of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Houston MN, Hoch JM, Gabriner ML, Kirby JL, Hoch MC. Clinical and laboratory measures associated with health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport 2015; 16:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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White JR, Confides AL, Moore-Reed S, Hoch JM, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Regrowth after skeletal muscle atrophy is impaired in aged rats, despite similar responses in signaling pathways. Exp Gerontol 2015; 64:17-32. [PMID: 25681639 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regrowth after atrophy is impaired in the aged and in this study we hypothesized that this can be explained by a blunted response of signaling pathways and cellular processes during reloading after hind limb suspension in muscles from old rats. Male Brown Norway Fisher 344 rats at 6 (young) and 32 (old) months of age were subjected to normal ambulatory conditions (amb), hind limb suspension for 14 days (HS), and HS followed by reloading through normal ambulation for 14 days (RE); soleus muscles were used for analysis of intracellular signaling pathways and cellular processes. Soleus muscle regrowth was blunted in old compared to young rats which coincided with a recovery of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in young but not old. However, the response to reloading for p-Akt, p-p70s6k and p-GSK3β protein abundance was similar between muscles from young and old rats, even though main effects for age indicate an increase in activation of this protein synthesis pathway in the aged. Similarly, MAFbx mRNA levels in soleus muscle from old rats recovered to the same extent as in the young, while Murf-1 was unchanged. mRNA abundance of autophagy markers Atg5 and Atg7 showed an identical response in muscle from old compared to young rats, but beclin did not. Autophagic flux was not changed at either age at the measured time point. Apoptosis was elevated in soleus muscle from old rats particularly with HS, but recovered in HSRE and these changes were not associated with differences in caspase-3, -8 or -9 activity in any group. Protein abundance of apoptosis repressor with caspase-recruitment domain (ARC), cytosolic EndoG, as well as cytosolic and nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were lower in muscle from old rats, and there was no age-related difference in the response to atrophy or regrowth. Soleus muscles from old rats had a higher number of ED2 positive macrophages in all groups and these decreased with HS, but recovered in HSRE in the old, while no changes were observed in the young. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum did not show a differential response with age to different loading conditions. Results indicate that at the measured time point the impaired skeletal muscle regrowth after atrophy in aged animals is not associated with a general lack of responsiveness to changes in loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena R White
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Stephanie Moore-Reed
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA.
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Powden CJ, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. Reliability and minimal detectable change of the weight-bearing lunge test: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:524-32. [PMID: 25704110 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) is often a point of emphasis during the rehabilitation of lower extremity pathologies. With the growing popularity of weight-bearing DROM assessments, several versions of the weight-bearing lunge (WBLT) test have been developed and numerous reliability studies have been conducted. The purpose of this systematic review was to critically appraise and synthesize the studies which examined the reliability and responsiveness of the WBLT to assess DROM. A systematic search of PubMed and EBSCO Host databases from inception to September 2014 was conducted to identify studies whose primary aim was assessing the reliability of the WBLT. The Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies assessment tool was utilized to determine the quality of included studies. Relative reliability was examined through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and responsiveness was evaluated through minimal detectable change (MDC). A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Nine included studies assessed inter-clinician reliability and 12 included studies assessed intra-clinician reliability. There was strong evidence that inter-clinician reliability (ICC = 0.80-0.99) as well as intra-clinician reliability (ICC = 0.65-0.99) of the WBLT is good. Additionally, average MDC scores of 4.6° or 1.6 cm for inter-clinician and 4.7° or 1.9 cm for intra-clinician were found, indicating the minimal change in DROM needed to be outside the error of the WBLT. This systematic review determined that the WBLT, regardless of method, can be used clinically to assess DROM as it provides consistent results between one or more clinicians and demonstrates reasonable responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Powden
- Health Service Research, College of Heath Sciences, Old Dominion University, Health Sciences Annex, RM 105, Norfolk, VA 23539, USA.
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Heath Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Heath Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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Mateer JL, Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Butterfield TA, Lattermann C. Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Levels in Collegiate Soccer Athletes over the Duration of an Athletic Season: A Pilot Study. Cartilage 2015; 6:6-11. [PMID: 26069705 PMCID: PMC4462244 DOI: 10.1177/1947603514557944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to measure serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) levels weekly in a group of collegiate soccer athletes over the duration of a spring soccer season and 2 weeks following the conclusion of the season while documenting minutes of exercise participation as a measure of exercise intensity. DESIGN A repeated-measures study design was employed. A volunteer sample of 6 female soccer athletes participated in this study. Serum samples were collected on 10 separate occasions, 1 week prior to the start of the season (baseline), once a week during the 8-week season (PX1-PX8), and once a week for 2 weeks following the conclusion of the season (postseason; PS1 and PS2). Minutes of participation were documented following all spring soccer activities for each week. Once all samples were collected, sCOMP concentrations were determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The results of Friedman test revealed a significant effect for time (P = 0.003). Post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences between baseline and practice or postseason levels. A qualitative analysis of the sCOMP levels and minutes indicated higher sCOMP levels occurred when the athletes' participation in soccer-related activities was higher. CONCLUSIONS Qualitatively, our findings suggest that as minutes of participation increased, sCOMP levels increased. However, no statistically significant differences were identified. We speculate these increases were an increase in cartilage turnover and an interesting observation related to increases in physical activity. However, the implications are unclear as there was a return to near baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Mateer
- Sports Health Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Johanna M. Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Carl G. Mattacola
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Howard JS, Lattermann C, Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Medina McKeon JM. Comparing Responsiveness of Six Common Patient-Reported Outcomes to Changes Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Cartilage 2013; 4:97-110. [PMID: 26069653 PMCID: PMC4297098 DOI: 10.1177/1947603512470684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the responsiveness of six common patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). DESIGN A systematic search was conducted to identify reports of PROs following ACI. Study quality was evaluated using the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). For each outcome score, pre- to postoperative paired Hedge's g effect sizes were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random effects meta-analyses were performed to provide a summary response for each PRO at time points (TP) I (<1 year), II (1 year to <2 years), III (2 years to <4 years), IV (≥4 years), and overall. RESULTS The mean mCMS for the 42 articles included was 50.9 ± 9.2. For all evaluated instruments, none of the mean effect size CIs encompassed zero. The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) had increasing responsiveness over time with TP-IV, demonstrating greater mean effect size [confidence interval] (1.78 [1.33, 2.24]) than TP-I (0.88 [0.69, 1.07]). The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Sports and recreation subscale (KOOS-Sports) was more responsive at TP-III (1.76 [0.87, 2.64]) and TP-IV (0.98 [0.81, 1.15]) than TP-I (0.61 [0.44, 0.78]). Overall, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Scale (0.60 [0.46, 0.74]) was least responsive. Both the Lysholm Scale (1.42 [1.14, 1.72]) and the IKDC (1.37 [1.13, 1.62]) appear more responsive than the KOOS-Sports (0.90 [0.73, 1.07]). All other KOOS subscales had overall effect sizes ranging from 0.90 (0.74, 1.22) (Symptoms) to 1.15 (0.76, 1.54) (Quality of Life). CONCLUSIONS All instruments were responsive to improvements in function following ACI. The Lysholm and IKDC were the most responsive instruments across time. IKDC and KOOS-Sports may be more responsive to long-term outcomes, especially among active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Howard
- Division of Athletic Training, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,Center for Cartilage Repair and Restoration, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Center for Cartilage Repair and Restoration, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Johanna M. Hoch
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Carl G. Mattacola
- Division of Athletic Training, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Medina McKeon
- Division of Athletic Training, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Bush H, McKeon JM, Hewett TE, Lattermann C. Longitudinal documentation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and patient-reported outcomes in collegiate soccer athletes over the course of an athletic season. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40:2583-9. [PMID: 22967826 PMCID: PMC3615716 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512458260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is a biomarker for cartilage degradation. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are used to document postinjury recovery and may be used to prospectively identify changes in the course of a season. It is unknown what effect intense, continuous physical activity has on sCOMP levels and PRO values in athletes over the duration of a soccer season. Hypothesis/ PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to longitudinally document sCOMP levels and to determine whether changes in PROs occur in collegiate soccer athletes during a season. The hypotheses tested were that sCOMP levels and PRO scores would remain stable over the duration of the spring soccer season. STUDY DESIGN Case series; level of evidence, 4. METHODS Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I soccer athletes (18 men, 11 women; age, 19.6 ± 1.2 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.4 cm; mass, 73.8 ± 10.2 kg) participated in 3 (pre-[T(1)], mid-[T(2)], and postseason [T(3)]) data collection sessions. Subjects were included if they were participants in the spring soccer season and were free of severe knee injury at the time of data collection. At each session, subjects completed PROs (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee scores) before serum collection. RESULTS For sCOMP (ng/mL), there was a significant effect for time, with significant increases at T(2) (1723.5 ± 257.9, P < .001) and T(3) (1624.7 ± 231.6, P = .002) when compared with T(1)(1482.9 ± 217.9). For each of the PROs, there was a significant effect for time from T(1)-T(3), and at T(2)-T(3) for the IKDC. CONCLUSION These data indicate sCOMP levels increased as athletes reported an increased level of function over time. However, the differences in sCOMP levels did not reach the calculated minimal detectable change (MDC) value and the differences in PRO scores did not reach previously calculated MDC values. It is unclear whether these increases in sCOMP levels were caused by an increase in cartilage matrix breakdown or turnover. Even though these elevations may not be clinically meaningful, this biomarker may have the potential to be used for future research studies investigating the effects of exercise on overall joint health in longitudinal studies. In addition, these results indicate fluctuations in sCOMP occur during a competitive season and must be taken into consideration for future biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training & Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - Carl G. Mattacola
- Division of Athletic Training, Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - HeatherM. Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky
| | - Jennifer Medina McKeon
- Division of Athletic Training, Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - Timothy E. Hewett
- Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Family Medicine & Biomedical Engineering and the School of Allied Health Professions, College of Medicine, Ohio State University & Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
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Dupont-Versteegden EE, Ferry AL, Hoch JM, White JL. Attenuated Muscle Regrowth with Age is Not Associated with Differences in Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1086.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L Ferry
- Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Johanna M Hoch
- Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Jena L White
- Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
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Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Medina McKeon JM, Howard JS, Lattermann C. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is elevated in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1396-404. [PMID: 22001901 PMCID: PMC3962955 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To be used in diagnostic studies, it must be demonstrated that biomarkers can differentiate between diseased and non-diseased patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: (1) Is serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) elevated in patients with radiographically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to controls? (2) Are there differences in sCOMP levels when comparing differing radiographic OA severities to controls? METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of CINAHL, PEDro, Medline, and SportsDiscus was completed in March 2010. KEYWORDS knee, osteoarthritis, sCOMP, radiography. Study inclusion criteria: Studies were written in English, compared healthy adults with knee OA patients, used the Kellgren Lawrence (K/L) classification, measured sCOMP, and reported means and standard deviations for sCOMP. RESULTS For question 1, seven studies were included resulting in seven comparisons. A moderate overall effect size (ES) indicated sCOMP was consistently elevated in those with radiographically diagnosed knee OA when compared to controls (ES = 0.60, P < 0.001). For question 2, four studies were included resulting in 13 comparisons between radiographic OA severity levels and controls. Strong ESs were calculated for K/L-1 (ES = 1.43, P = 0.28), K/L-3 (ES = 1.05, P = 0.04), and K/L-4 (ES = 1.40, P = 0.003). A moderate ES was calculated for K/L-2 (ES = 0.60, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate sCOMP is elevated in patients with knee OA and is sensitive to OA disease progression. Future research studies with a higher level of evidence should be conducted to investigate the use of this biomarker as an indicator for OA development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training & Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program, University of Kentucky, College of Health Sciences, 214 Wethington Building, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, United States.
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Hoch JM, Mattacola CG, Medina-McKeon JM, Shah JN, Lattermann C. Determination of the Interday and Intraday Reliability of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in a Physically Active Population. Cartilage 2011; 2:394-8. [PMID: 26069598 PMCID: PMC4297139 DOI: 10.1177/1947603511414179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the intraday and interday reliability of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) in a physically active population with no history of lower extremity surgery. DESIGN A repeated-measures reliability study was employed to determine the intraday and interday reliability of sCOMP in a physically active cohort. A total of 23 subjects were recruited to the laboratory on 3 separate occasions for nonfasting serum collection. Subjects had no history of lower extremity surgery and were free from acute injury within the last 3 months. RESULTS Our results indicate strong reliability for both intraday intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.76) and interday ICC (0.74) sCOMP values. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that following 30 minutes of inactivity, nonfasting serum samples remain stable over the course of 1 day and between 2 consecutive days in a healthy population with no history of lower extremity surgery. Future research studies are needed to further investigate the magnitude of change in this biomarker for patients with acute articular cartilage damage to determine its appropriateness for use in this population and for varying degrees of articular cartilage severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Hoch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,Johanna M. Hoch, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Charles Wethington Building, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Carl G. Mattacola
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Jay N. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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McKeon PO, Hoch MC, Silkman CL, Hoch JM, Medina McKeon JM. Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Dynamic Balance Asymmetry in Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401461.24084.b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hoch JM, Silkman CL, Stephenson DR, Mattacola CG, Lattermann C. Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in an Athletic Population. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401379.15901.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou BN, Hoch JM, Johnson RK, Mattern MR, Eng WK, Ma J, Hecht SM, Newman DJ, Kingston DG. Use of COMPARE analysis to discover new natural product drugs: isolation of camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin from a new source. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1273-1276. [PMID: 11000035 DOI: 10.1021/np000058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of cytotoxicity data of extracts from the National Cancer Institute's Active Repository by the COMPARE protocol was carried out using camptothecin as a reference point. Extracts identified by this process were further characterized by a selective yeast bioassay for inhibitors of topoisomerase I and by a biochemical assay for compounds that stabilize the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent binary complex. Five of the extracts were positive in the yeast bioassay, and eight extracts showed activity on the assay that monitors stabilization of the topoisomerase I-DNA complex. Four of the latter extracts were inactive in the yeast bioassay, and thus would not have been identified as hits without the COMPARE preselection process. One of the extracts, from Pyrenacantha klaineana, was selected for detailed investigation, and fractionation of this extract yielded camptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin as the bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
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Bowman GT, Clement JJ, Davidson DE, Eswarakrishnan V, Field L, Hoch JM, Musallam HA, Pick RO, Ravichandran R, Srivastava PK. Potential antiradiation drugs containing no nitrogen, and related compounds. Chem Biol Interact 1986; 57:161-74. [PMID: 3955789 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(86)90035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Capabilities are reported of di- and higher sulfides (RSnR') terminated by sulfinate functions [-S(O)O-] for protecting mice against otherwise lethal effects of ionizing radiation. With the use of congeners, structure-activity correlations are developed for the effects of esterification of the sulfinate function, of changing the length of the chain of sulfur atoms, of reduction to a mercapto sulfinate, and of changing the substituents R and R' to chiral and other types of groups. Neither a trisulfide nor a sulfinate by itself was significantly radioprotective. The key requirement for radio-protection in the series appears to be the presence of a sulfur function (-Sn-) from which a thiol can be engendered by a neighboring-group effect of an electron-donating group; sulfoxide functions may afford alternatives to sulfinate functions as such neighboring groups. The relevance of structure-activity relations to the chemical and biological mechanisms involved in the radioprotective activities is discussed.
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Klayman DL, Lin AJ, Hoch JM, Scovill JP, Lambros C, Dobek AS. 2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones XI: 2-(alpha-Hydroxyacetyl)pyridine thiosemicarbazones as antimalarial and antibacterial agents. J Pharm Sci 1984; 73:1763-7. [PMID: 6396400 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600731226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-(alpha-hydroxyacetyl)pyridine thiosemicarbazones was synthesized as potential antimalarial and antibacterial agents. Their synthesis was achieved by the condensation of N4-mono- or N4,N4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides with 2-(alpha-hydroxyacetyl)pyridine. The latter was prepared by selective bromine oxidation of (2-pyridinyl)-1,2-ethanediol. The new compounds show potent inhibitory activity against penicillin-sensitive as well as penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC, 0.5-0.004 micrograms/mL), against Neisseria meningitidis (MIC, 0.5-0.032 micrograms/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC, 0.5-2 micrograms/mL). Good in vitro antimalarial effects against Plasmodium falciparum (Smith strain; ID50, 6.7-38 ng/mL) were observed in most of these new agents, but only 3 of 12 compounds exhibit moderate in vivo activity against Plasmodium berghei. These new agents appear to be less toxic to the host and more water soluble than the corresponding 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones.
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Klayman DL, Lin AJ, Acton N, Scovill JP, Hoch JM, Milhous WK, Theoharides AD, Dobek AS. Isolation of artemisinin (qinghaosu) from Artemisia annua growing in the United States. J Nat Prod 1984; 47:715-717. [PMID: 6387056 DOI: 10.1021/np50034a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Lin AJ, Hoch JM. Synthesis and characterization of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-aryl-1,5-benzodiazepines. Arzneimittelforschung 1984; 34:640-2. [PMID: 6540583 DOI: 10.1002/chin.198439217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four benzodiazepine derivatives, reported earlier by other authors, were resynthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, GC/MS and elemental analysis. Three of the four compounds have melting points different from those initially reported by 35-70 degrees C. The differences in melting point along with the discrepancies in IR spectra between our samples and those previously reported suggest that at least three of the eight compounds reported to be 1,5-benzodiazepines have incorrect structural assignments.
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