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Tolasch T, von Fragstein M, Steidle JLM. Sex Pheromone of the Click Beetle Agriotes pilosellus (Schönherr, 1718). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:283-288. [PMID: 35067856 PMCID: PMC8934787 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAgriotes pilosellus is a fairly common click beetle species distributed in open deciduous and mixed forests throughout a large area in Europe. To identify its sex pheromone, gland extracts of female beetles were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The only volatile compounds present in the extracts were geranyl butanoate and (E)-8-hydroxygeranyl dibutanoate in a 1:3 ratio, identified by comparison with synthetic samples. Field experiments revealed a clear attraction of A. pilosellus - males towards traps baited with geranyl butanoate, which could be synergistically enhanced by the factor of almost ten by addition of (E)-8-hydroxygeranyl dibutanoate. The latter compound alone did not show any attractive effect. Both compounds correspond well to the structures known from other Agriotes species and may serve as an effective monitoring tool for entomofaunistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tolasch
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Hohenheim, Chemische Ökologie 190t, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maximilian von Fragstein
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Hohenheim, Chemische Ökologie 190t, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes L M Steidle
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Hohenheim, Chemische Ökologie 190t, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Malec P, Weber J, Böhmer R, Fiebig M, Meinert D, Rein C, Reinisch R, Henrich M, Polyvas V, Pollmann M, von Berg L, König C, Steidle JLM. The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera? BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 34781897 PMCID: PMC8591844 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand which reproductive barriers initiate speciation is a major question in evolutionary research. Despite their high species numbers and specific biology, there are only few studies on speciation in Hymenoptera. This study aims to identify very early reproductive barriers in a local, sympatric population of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker 1836), a hymenopterous parasitoid of fly pupae. We studied ecological barriers, sexual barriers, and the reduction in F1-female offspring as a postmating barrier, as well as the population structure using microsatellites. Results We found considerable inbreeding within female strains and a population structure with either three or five subpopulation clusters defined by microsatellites. In addition, there are two ecotypes, one parasitizing fly pupae in bird nests and the other on carrion. The nest ecotype is mainly formed from one of the microsatellite clusters, the two or four remaining microsatellite clusters form the carrion ecotype. There was slight sexual isolation and a reduction in F1-female offspring between inbreeding strains from the same microsatellite clusters and the same ecotypes. Strains from different microsatellite clusters are separated by a reduction in F1-female offspring. Ecotypes are separated only by ecological barriers. Conclusions This is the first demonstration of very early reproductive barriers within a sympatric population of Hymenoptera. It demonstrates that sexual and premating barriers can precede ecological separation. This indicates the complexity of ecotype formation and highlights the general need for more studies within homogenous populations for the identification of the earliest barriers in the speciation process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01938-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Malec
- Naturpark Steigerwald E.V., 91443, Scheinfeld, Germany
| | - Justus Weber
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robin Böhmer
- Natural History Museum Bern, 3005, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Fiebig
- Untere Naturschutzbehörde, Landratsamt Kitzingen, 97318, Kitzingen, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Rein
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ronja Reinisch
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maik Henrich
- Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Polyvas
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie Pollmann
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lea von Berg
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian König
- Akademie für Natur- und Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg beim Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft, 70192, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes L M Steidle
- Dep. of Chemical Ecology 190T, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Gokhman VE, Cioffi MDB, König C, Pollmann M, Gantert C, Krogmann L, Steidle JLM, Kosyakova N, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi A. Microdissection and whole chromosome painting confirm karyotype transformation in cryptic species of the Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) complex (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225257. [PMID: 31725808 PMCID: PMC6855445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyotypes of two cryptic species of parasitoid Hymenoptera with n = 5 and 6 belonging to the Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) complex, which includes cosmopolitan parasitoids of coleopteran stored-product pests, were studied using glass-needle based microdissection, reverse and cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). This experiment strongly indicates that the largest metacentric chromosome in the karyotype with n = 5 originated from a particular fusion between the only acrocentric and a smaller metacentric chromosome of the set with n = 6, therefore confirming our previous hypothesis based on the karyotypic analysis using chromosome morphometrics. This study represents the first successful application of both microdissection and whole chromosome painting for the reconstruction of karyotypic rearrangements in closely related species of parasitoids, as well as in the order Hymenoptera in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian König
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie Pollmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gantert
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Krogmann
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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4
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König K, Zundel P, Krimmer E, König C, Pollmann M, Gottlieb Y, Steidle JLM. Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10694-10706. [PMID: 31632650 PMCID: PMC6787869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive barriers that prevent gene flow between closely related species are a major topic in evolutionary research. Insect clades with parasitoid lifestyle are among the most species-rich insects and new species are constantly described, indicating that speciation occurs frequently in this group. However, there are only very few studies on speciation in parasitoids. We studied reproductive barriers in two lineages of Lariophagus distinguendus (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera), a parasitoid wasp of pest beetle larvae that occur in human environments. One of the two lineages occurs in households preferably attacking larvae of the drugstore beetle Stegobium paniceum ("DB-lineage"), the other in grain stores with larvae of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius as main host ("GW-lineage"). Between two populations of the DB-lineage, we identified slight sexual isolation as intraspecific barrier. Between populations from both lineages, we found almost complete sexual isolation caused by female mate choice, and postzygotic isolation, which is partially caused by cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by so far undescribed endosymbionts which are not Wolbachia or Cardinium. Because separation between the two lineages is almost complete, they should be considered as separate species according to the biological species concept. This demonstrates that cryptic species within parasitoid Hymenoptera also occur in Central Europe in close contact to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin König
- Fg TierökologieUniversitat HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Elena Krimmer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur BiologieUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | | | | | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentKoret School of Veterinary MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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5
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Koban MB, Kampen H, Scheuch DE, Frueh L, Kuhlisch C, Janssen N, Steidle JLM, Schaub GA, Werner D. The Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Europe, 17 years after its first detection, with a focus on monitoring methods. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:109. [PMID: 30871592 PMCID: PMC6419366 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first detection of the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus in the year 2000 in France, its invasive nature was revealed in 2008 in Switzerland and Germany. In the following years, accumulating reports have shown that Ae. j. japonicus succeeded in establishing in several European countries. Surveillance efforts suggest that there are currently four populations in Europe, with the largest one, formed by the recent fusion of several smaller populations, ranging from West Germany, with extensions to Luxembourg and French Alsace, southwards to Switzerland and continuing westwards through Liechtenstein to western Austria. This paper summarises the present distribution of Ae. j. japonicus in Europe, based on published literature and hitherto unpublished findings by the authors, and critically reviews the monitoring strategies applied. A proposal for a more standardised monitoring approach is provided, aiming at the harmonisation of future data collections for improving the comparability between studies and the suitability of collected data for further research purposes, e.g. predictive modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel B. Koban
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dorothee E. Scheuch
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Linus Frueh
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Nele Janssen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
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6
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Niedermayer S, Pollmann M, Steidle JLM. Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (Förster)-Past, Present, and Future: The History of a Biological Control Method Using L. distinguendus against Different Storage Pests. Insects 2016; 7:E39. [PMID: 27490572 PMCID: PMC5039552 DOI: 10.3390/insects7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legal requirements and consumer demands for residue-free products pose a big challenge for pest control in grain stores. One possible alternative to chemical insecticides is biological pest control with the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus against the weevils Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae (Coleoptera: Dryophtoridae), and many other storage pest beetles. The use of this wasp as a biocontrol agent was already suggested in 1919 by Prof. Dr. Hase [1]. Despite many studies on host-finding and behavioral biology, the applied aspect was neglected until 1994. Nowadays the wasps are commercially available and can now even be reared on-site, facilitating their use tremendously. This review highlights the milestones in L. distinguendus research, gives insights in current studies, and ventures a glimpse into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Niedermayer
- Institute of Zoology/Animal Ecology 220c, Hohenheim University, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Marie Pollmann
- Institute of Zoology/Animal Ecology 220c, Hohenheim University, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Johannes L M Steidle
- Institute of Zoology/Animal Ecology 220c, Hohenheim University, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
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7
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Hötling S, Bittner C, Tamm M, Dähn S, Collatz J, Steidle JLM, Schulz S. Identification of a Grain Beetle Macrolide Pheromone and Its Synthesis by Ring-Closing Metathesis Using a Terminal Alkyne. Org Lett 2015; 17:5004-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Hötling
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Celine Bittner
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sonja Dähn
- Fachgebiet
Tierökologie, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Collatz
- Fachgebiet
Tierökologie, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes L. M. Steidle
- Fachgebiet
Tierökologie, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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König K, Krimmer E, Brose S, Gantert C, Buschlüter I, König C, Klopfstein S, Wendt I, Baur H, Krogmann L, Steidle JLM. Does early learning drive ecological divergence during speciation processes in parasitoid wasps? Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20141850. [PMID: 25621331 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central to the concept of ecological speciation is the evolution of ecotypes, i.e. groups of individuals occupying different ecological niches. However, the mechanisms behind the first step of separation, the switch of individuals into new niches, are unclear. One long-standing hypothesis, which was proposed for insects but never tested, is that early learning causes new ecological preferences, leading to a switch into a new niche within one generation. Here, we show that a host switch occurred within a parasitoid wasp, which is associated with the ability for early learning and the splitting into separate lineages during speciation. Lariophagus distinguendus consists of two genetically distinct lineages, most likely representing different species. One attacks drugstore beetle larvae (Stegobium paniceum (L.)), which were probably the ancestral host of both lineages. The drugstore beetle lineage has an innate host preference that cannot be altered by experience. In contrast, the second lineage is found on Sitophilus weevils as hosts and changes its preference by early learning. We conclude that a host switch has occurred in the ancestor of the second lineage, which must have been enabled by early learning. Because early learning is widespread in insects, it might have facilitated ecological divergence and associated speciation in this hyperdiverse group.
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9
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König C, Steidle JLM, Tolasch T. Decrypting Cryptic Click Beetle Species by Analysis of Sex Pheromones. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:740-5. [PMID: 26238957 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite sex pheromones being highly species specific, their use as phylogenetic characters and a tool for the verification of species status are still relatively few compared to use of morphological and molecular characters. Earlier studies revealed that within the click beetle species Idolus picipennis, two types can be separated based on pheromone composition. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of pheromone from a third type of Idolus revealed the presence of geranyl hexanoate and geranyl octanoate in a ratio of ca. 1:9. Neryl esters and farnesyl esters, present in the glands of the other two species, are absent in this type. In field experiments, males of all three types were attracted specifically to synthetic mixtures of pheromone resembling their own females. This suggests that cross attraction among different types is unlikely and indicates that they are likely distinct species. Using the large numbers of male beetles caught in pheromone traps, morphological differences between the species were studied and an identification key derived. This study highlights the role of sex pheromones as a powerful tool in integrative taxonomy and systematics to study the phylogenetic position and evolution of taxa and to determine the taxonomic status of cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian König
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Entomologische Abteilung, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Johannes L M Steidle
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Till Tolasch
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Schurmann D, Kugel D, Steidle JLM. Early memory in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2015; 201:375-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-015-0989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hötling S, Haberlag B, Tamm M, Collatz J, Mack P, Steidle JLM, Vences M, Schulz S. Identification and Synthesis of Macrolide Pheromones of the Grain BeetleOryzaephilus Surinamensisand the FrogSpinomantis Aglavei. Chemistry 2014; 20:3183-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Tolasch T, König C, von Fragstein M, Steidle JLM. Identification of the sex pheromone of Idolus picipennis (Bach, 1852) revealed the presence of a cryptic sibling species. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:1433-40. [PMID: 24197916 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The click beetle Idolus picipennis represents the only species of its genus in Europe, where it is widely distributed but is rare and only occurs locally. In order to identify its sex pheromone we investigated gland extracts of females from populations in southern Germany. GC/MS analyses revealed two distinct types of gland compositions that correspond to slight but consistent morphological differences in the respective beetles. Extracts of one type contain four compounds, geranyl hexanoate (~ 40 %), (Z,E)-farnesyl hexanoate (~ 10 %), (E,E)-farnesyl hexanoate (~ 40 %), and (E,E)-farnesyl octanoate (~ 10 %), and this type belongs to the authentic I. picipennis (Bach 1852). Extracts of a second type contain neryl hexanoate (~10 %) and neryl octanoate (~ 90 %), and this type belongs to an Idolus species that apparently has been overlooked to date, presumably due to similarity with the authentic I. picipennis and insufficient material in collections. Synthetic blends of the identified compounds in their naturally-occurring ratios, as well as the main compounds alone, proved to be highly attractive to swarming males of the respective species in the field. A strong species-specific attraction also was observed in a locality where both species co-occur, thus confirming effective reproductive isolation. This study shows the potential of sex pheromones for monitoring rare and threatened insects as well as for detecting hitherto unknown cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tolasch
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany,
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13
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Kühbandner S, Hacker K, Niedermayer S, Steidle JLM, Ruther J. Composition of cuticular lipids in the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus is host dependent. Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:610-617. [PMID: 22717045 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531200017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The insect cuticle is covered by a thin layer of hydrocarbons not only preventing desiccation but also playing an important role in the sexual communication of several species. In the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus, a parasitoid of grain infesting beetles, female cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) elicit male courtship behaviour. We analyzed the CHC profiles of male and female L. distinguendus wasps reared on different beetle hosts by coupled gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between strains reared on different hosts, while spatially isolated strains reared on the same host produced similar profiles. CHC profiles of parasitoids reared on Stegobium paniceum were statistically distinguishable from those of wasps reared on all other hosts. A host shift from Sitophilus granarius to S. paniceum resulted in distinguishable CHC profiles of L. distinguendus females after only one generation. Considering the role of CHCs as contact sex pheromones, our data suggest that host shifts in parasitic wasps might lead to reproductive isolation of host races due to the modification of the cuticular semiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühbandner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Hacker
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Niedermayer
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J L M Steidle
- Institute for Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Ruther
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Hoedjes KM, Steidle JLM, Werren JH, Vet LEM, Smid HM. High-throughput olfactory conditioning and memory retention test show variation in Nasonia parasitic wasps. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 11:879-87. [PMID: 22804968 PMCID: PMC3492908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge on learning and memory formation results from extensive studies on a small number of animal species. Although features and cellular pathways of learning and memory are highly similar in this diverse group of species, there are also subtle differences. Closely related species of parasitic wasps display substantial variation in memory dynamics and can be instrumental to understanding both the adaptive benefit of and mechanisms underlying this variation. Parasitic wasps of the genus Nasonia offer excellent opportunities for multidisciplinary research on this topic. Genetic and genomic resources available for Nasonia are unrivaled among parasitic wasps, providing tools for genetic dissection of mechanisms that cause differences in learning. This study presents a robust, high-throughput method for olfactory conditioning of Nasonia using a host encounter as reward. A T-maze olfactometer facilitates high-throughput memory retention testing and employs standardized odors of equal detectability, as quantified by electroantennogram recordings. Using this setup, differences in memory retention between Nasonia species were shown. In both Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia longicornis, memory was observed up to at least 5 days after a single conditioning trial, whereas Nasonia giraulti lost its memory after 2 days. This difference in learning may be an adaptation to species-specific differences in ecological factors, for example, host preference. The high-throughput methods for conditioning and memory retention testing are essential tools to study both ultimate and proximate factors that cause variation in learning and memory formation in Nasonia and other parasitic wasp species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hoedjes
- Laboratory of Entomology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Herbst C, Baier B, Tolasch T, Steidle JLM. Demonstration of sex pheromones in the predaceous diving beetle Rhantus suturalis (MacLeay 1825) (Dytiscidae). CHEMOECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-010-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tolasch T, von Fragstein M, Steidle JLM. Sex Pheromone of Agriotes acuminatus (Stephens, 1830) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:314-8. [PMID: 20195890 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The click beetle species Agriotes acuminatus is distributed in open deciduous forests throughout a large area in Europe. In order to identify its sex pheromone, gland extracts of female beetles were investigated by using GC/MS. Neryl butanoate and 2,6-dimethyl-(Z,E)-2,6-octadien-1,8-diol dihexanoate, in a ratio of approximately 1:5, were the only volatile compounds present in the extracts. Structures of both esters were confirmed by synthesis. Field experiments revealed a strong attraction of A. acuminatus males towards neryl butanoate, which could be synergistically enhanced by addition of 2,6-dimethyl-(Z,E)-2,6-octadien-1,8-diol dihexanoate. The latter compound alone did not show any attractive effect. While all Agriotes spp. investigated to date use geranyl and/or (E,E)-farnesyl esters as sex pheromones, the nerol derivatives of A. acuminatus are the first (Z)-2-configurated pheromones within this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tolasch
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstrasse 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Collatz J, Tolasch T, Steidle JLM. Mate Finding in the Parasitic Wasp Cephalonomia tarsalis (Ashmead): More than one way to a Female’s Heart. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:761-8. [PMID: 19588199 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Collatz
- Institut für Zoologie, Fachgebiet Tierökologie 220c, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Smid HM, Wang G, Bukovinszky T, Steidle JLM, Bleeker MAK, van Loon JJA, Vet LEM. Species-specific acquisition and consolidation of long-term memory in parasitic wasps. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 274:1539-46. [PMID: 17439855 PMCID: PMC2176164 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) formation usually requires repeated, spaced learning events and is achieved by the synthesis of specific proteins. Other memory forms require a single learning experience and are independent of protein synthesis. We investigated in two closely related parasitic wasp species, Cotesia glomerata and Cotesia rubecula, whether natural differences in foraging behaviour are correlated with differences in LTM acquisition and formation. These parasitic wasp species lay their eggs in young caterpillars of pierid butterflies and can learn to associate plant odours with a successful egg laying experience on caterpillars on the odour-producing plant. We used a classical conditioning set-up, while interfering with LTM formation through translation or transcription inhibitors. We show here that C. rubecula formed LTM after three spaced learning trials, whereas C. glomerata required only a single trial for LTM formation. After three spaced learning trials, LTM formation was complete within 4 h in C. glomerata, whereas in C. rubecula, LTM formation took 3 days. Linking neurobiology with ecology, we argue that this species-specific difference in LTM acquisition and formation is adaptive given the extreme differences in both the number of foraging decisions of the two wasp species and in the spatial distributions of their respective hosts in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans M Smid
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Stoeffler M, Maier TS, Tolasch T, Steidle JLM. Foreign-language Skills in Rove-Beetles? Evidence for Chemical Mimicry of Ant Alarm Pheromones in Myrmecophilous Pella Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). J Chem Ecol 2007; 33:1382-92. [PMID: 17558536 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-007-9315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By using chemical analyses, as well as laboratory and field behavioral tests, we tested the hypothesis that rove beetles of the myrmecophilous genus Pella use alarm pheromone compounds to avert attacks by their host ant Lasius fuliginosus. The secretions of Pellafunestus and P. humeralis contain quinones and different aliphatic compounds, mainly undecane and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). The latter two chemicals are also found in L. fuliginosus pheromone glands. Behavioral tests confirmed that undecane serves as an "aggressive alarm"-inducing pheromone in L. fuliginosus, whereas sulcatone most likely is a "panic-alarm"-inducing pheromone. The main tergal-secretion compounds, various quinones and undecane, individually and in mixtures induced aggression in L. fuliginosus workers. When sulcatone was added to these compounds, the space around the odor source was avoided and a reduced number of aggressive acts observed, suggesting that sulcatone blocks the aggression-inducing effect of undecane and the quinones. These results support the hypothesis that Pella beetles mimic alarm pheromones of their hosts. This is a rare example of chemical mimicry in myrmecophilous insects in which chemicals other than cuticular hydrocarbons are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stoeffler
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim, Fachgebiet Tierökologie 220c, Garbenstr. 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Collatz J, Müller C, Steidle JLM. Protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory induced by one single associative training trial in the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus. Learn Mem 2006; 13:263-6. [PMID: 16741281 PMCID: PMC10807869 DOI: 10.1101/lm.192506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory in Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster is formed after multiple trainings that are spaced in time. The parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus remarkably differs from these species. It significantly responds to the artificial odor furfurylheptanoate (FFH) in olfactometer experiments, when this odor was presented during one single training trial, consisting of one sequence of host recognition behavior on a wheat grain infested by its hosts. Feeding wasps with actinomycin D erases the learned response 24 h after the training, demonstrating that protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory has been formed in L. distinguendus already after one single training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Collatz
- Institut für Zoologie, Fachgebiet Tierökologie, Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Schulz S, Fuhlendorff J, Steidle JLM, Collatz J, Franz JT. Identification and biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus. Chembiochem 2005; 5:1500-7. [PMID: 15481032 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify new pheromones from mites, the headspace of undisturbed colonies of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus was analyzed by GC-MS by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The major compound emitted from the mites is (4R,6R,8R)-4,6,8-trimethyldecan-2-one (4R,6R,8R-8). The structure was elucidated by analysis of the mass spectrum, synthesis of authentic samples, and gas chromatography on a chiral phase. Bioassays show that this compound, for which we propose the trivial name chortolure, is an aggregation pheromone for both sexes of this species. Several related compounds are released in smaller amounts by the mites. The alarm pheromones of these mites, neral and geranial, can only be found in total extracts of the mites, in which 8 occurs only in minute amounts. The method of sampling is therefore crucial for pheromone identification. Feeding experiments with deuterated propionate showed that chortolure is a polyketide, formed by successive addition of four propionate units to an acetate starter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
In general, it is assumed that generalist natural enemies do not innately use specific cues for the location of their host or prey species. This hypothesis was tested using naïve females of the generalist parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus Förster and two of its hosts, larvae of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L., feeding in wheat grains. In a four-chamber olfactometer, female parasitoids were attracted to volatiles emanating from the feces of both host species. Chemical analysis of the volatiles from the feces of R. dominica revealed the presence of dominicalure 1 and 2, the species specific aggregation pheromones of R. dominica. The main compounds in the volatiles from feces of S. granarius were identified as chemicals related to mites that are associated with hosts of L. distinguendus. Because these mites are not specific for S. granarius but also co-occur with other hosts, the mite chemicals have to be considered as general cues. In bioassays, synthetic dominicalure was attractive to naïve L. distinguendus, explaining the attraction of feces volatiles from R. dominica. Synthetic mite chemicals and sitophilate, the aggregation pheromone of S. granarius, had no effect on naïve parasitoids. It remains to be determined which innate chemical cues from feces of S. granarius are used by L. distinguendus. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the generalist L. distinguendus is innately using specific cues for foraging. Two ideas are provided to explain this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L M Steidle
- Angewandte Zoologie/Okologie der Tiere, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany.
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Steidle JLM, Dettner K. Quantitative composition of the defensive secretion ofBledius species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) is adapted to naturally occurring predators. CHEMOECOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01241675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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