1
|
Kauhanen SP, Liimatainen T, Korhonen M, Parkkonen J, Vienonen J, Vanninen R, Hedman M. Pulmonary Artery Dilatation Is a Common Finding in a Coronary Artery CT Angiography Population. In Vivo 2021; 35:2177-2185. [PMID: 34182495 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Dilatation of the main pulmonary artery (mPA) is a common incidental finding in chest imaging and often leads to consultation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mPA dilatation in a coronary artery CT angiography (CCTA) population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study investigated 985 consecutive patients scheduled for diagnostic CCTA. The transverse axial diameter of the mPA was measured. The prevalence of mPA dilatation was estimated using different reference values (Framingham Heart Study: 28.9 mm for males and 26.9 mm for females, Bozlar: 29.5 mm for both genders and Karazincir: 32.6 mm for males and 31.9 mm for females). RESULTS The patient mean age was 53.0±9.7 years (66.5% were women). Body surface area (BSA) correlated moderately with the mPA diameter (r=0.423, p<0.001). The prevalence of mPA dilatation varied from 5.9% (Karazincir) to 33.7% (Framingham Heart Study) in the overall study population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of mPA dilatation is high in a CCTA patient population when using a cut-off value from the Framingham Heart Study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Petteri Kauhanen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; .,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika Korhonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johannes Parkkonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juska Vienonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Hedman
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kauhanen SP, Liimatainen T, Kariniemi E, Korhonen M, Parkkonen J, Vienonen J, Vanninen R, Hedman M. A smaller heart-aorta-angle associates with ascending aortic dilatation and increases wall shear stress. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:5149-5157. [PMID: 32323010 PMCID: PMC7431431 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the orientation of the heart, measured as an angle between the long axis of the heart and ascending aorta midline (heart-aorta-angle, HAA), associates with ascending aortic (AA) dilatation. Furthermore, the association between HAA and wall shear stress (WSS) was studied. METHODS HAA was retrospectively measured in 1000 consecutive coronary artery computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) images in patients with low-to-moderate pretest probability for coronary artery disease (CAD). To evaluate the effects of HAA on AA flow, 4D flow MRI was performed for 28 patients with AA dilatation (> 40 mm) and WSS was analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of patients undergoing CCTA was 52.9 ± 9.8 years; 66.5% were women. Their median HAA was 128.7° and interquartile range 123.3-134.1°. HAA was significantly smaller in patients with dilated AA (median 126.7° [121.3-130.8°]) compared with the patients with normal AA (median 129.5° [124.3-135.3°], p < 0.001). HAA was smaller in males (p < 0.001) and in patients with diabetes (p = 0.016), hypertension (p = 0.001), CAD (p = 0.003), hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.001), and bicuspid aortic valve (p = 0.025) than without these factors. In a subpopulation without any of these underlying diseases (n = 233), HAA was still significantly smaller in the patients with dilated AA (median 127.9° [124.3-134.3°]) compared with patients with normal AA (median 131.9° [127.6-136.9°], p = 0.013). In 4D flow MRI, a smaller HAA correlated with increased total WSS in the outer curvature of the proximal AA (r = - 0.510, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION A smaller HAA associates with AA dilatation and affects the blood flow in the proximal AA. KEY POINTS • A smaller angle between the long axis of the heart and ascending aorta midline associated with ascending aortic dilatation. • A smaller heart-aorta-angle correlated with increased total wall shear stress in the outer curvature of the proximal ascending aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Petteri Kauhanen
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Kariniemi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Korhonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johannes Parkkonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juska Vienonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Hedman
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kauhanen P, Saari P, Jaakkola P, Korhonen M, Parkkonen J, Vienonen J, Vanninen R, Liimatainen T, Hedman M. P2786Current ESC guidelines for normal ascending aortic diameter: prevalence of aortic dilatation increases to 20% in a consecutive coronary CTA population. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of ascending aortic (AA) dilatation are scanty.
Purpose
To clarify prevalence of AA dilatation according to ESC 2014 guidelines and to study its risk factors.
Methods
This retrospective study included 1000 consecutive patients scheduled for diagnostic coronary artery computer tomography angiography (CCTA) with low to moderate pretest probability for coronary artery disease (CAD). AA diameter was measured at 3 planes; sinus valsalva, sinotubular junction and tubular part. Threshold for AA dilatation was set to >40 mm (ESC 2014). Traditional risk factors for AA dilatation were collected from medical records.
Aortic size index (ASI) was used as a comparative measurement. ASI is defined as the ratio between aortic diameter and body surface area (BSA). The threshold for AA dilatation was set to upper limit of normal distribution exceeding two standard deviations (95%).
Heart-aorta angle (HAA, Figure) was measured as one suggestive risk factor.
Results
Patients' mean age was 52.9±9.8 years, 66.5% were women. The prevalence of AA dilatation in the whole study population was 20.4% according to ESC 2014 guidelines. When patients with hypertension (n=445) or coronary calcifications or stenosis in CCTA (n=375) were excluded, the prevalence of AA dilatation was 14.5% in the population of normotensive patients without CAD (n=380).
According to the normal-distributed ASI values the threshold for normal dimension of sinus valsalva was defined as 23.5 mm/m2 and for tubular part 22.7 mm/m2 for normotensive patients without CAD. Using these thresholds, the prevalence of AA dilatation was 7.8% in the whole population and 7.1% in normotensive patients without CAD.
Smaller HAA was associated to AA dilatation. Median HAA was 125.6° (range: 119.2–131.5°) in patients with dilated AA and 130.1° (123.7–136.4°) in patients with non-dilated AA (p<0.001).
Higher BSA was associated to larger AA dimensions. Risk factors for AA dilatation (according to ESC criteria) were male gender, BAV, hypertension and smoking (p<0.01).
Figure 1
Conclusions
The prevalence of AA dilatation proved to be relatively high in this consecutive CCTA population when using ESC 2014 guidelines. Body size is associated to AA dimensions; thus, it seems reasonable to include BSA in the definition of AA dilatation.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Oiva Vaittinen will grant, Aarne Koskelo Foundation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kauhanen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Radiology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Saari
- Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Radiology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Jaakkola
- Kuopio University Hospital, Heart and Thoracic Surgery, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Korhonen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Radiology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Parkkonen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Vienonen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Vanninen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Radiology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Liimatainen
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Hedman
- Kuopio University Hospital, Clinical Radiology, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kauhanen SP, Saari P, Jaakkola P, Korhonen M, Parkkonen J, Vienonen J, Vanninen R, Liimatainen T, Hedman M. High prevalence of ascending aortic dilatation in a consecutive coronary CT angiography patient population. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1079-1087. [PMID: 31529253 PMCID: PMC6957537 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To clarify the prevalence and risk factors of ascending aortic (AA) dilatation according to ESC 2014 guidelines. Methods This study included 1000 consecutive patients scheduled for diagnostic coronary artery computed tomographic angiography. AA diameter was retrospectively measured in 3 planes: sinus valsalva, sinotubular junction, and tubular part. The threshold for AA dilatation was set to > 40 mm which has been suggested as an upper normal limit for AA diameter in ESC 2014 guidelines on aortic diseases. Aortic size index (ASI) using the ratio between aortic diameter and body surface area (BSA) was applied as a comparative measurement. The threshold for AA dilatation was set to the upper limit of normal distribution exceeding two standard deviations (95%). Risk factors for AA dilatation were collected from medical records. Results The patients’ mean age was 52.9 ± 9.8 years (66.5% women). The prevalence of AA dilatation was 23.0% in the overall study population (52.5% males) and 15.1% in the subgroup of patients with no coronary artery disease or bicuspid (BAV)/mechanical aortic valve (n = 365). According to the normal-distributed ASI values, the threshold for sinus valsalva was defined as 23.2 mm/m2 and for tubular part 22.2 mm/m2 in the subgroup. Higher BSA was associated with larger AA dimensions (r = 0.407, p < 0.001). Male gender (p < 0.001), BAV (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.009) in males, and smoking (p < 0.001) appeared as risk factors for AA dilatation. Conclusions The prevalence of AA dilatation is high with current ESC guidelines for normal AA dimension, especially in males. Body size is strongly associated with AA dimensions; it would be more reliable to use BSA-adjusted AA diameters for the definition of AA dilatation. Key Points • The prevalence of AA dilatation is high in patients who are candidates for coronary CT angiography. • Body size is strongly associated with AA dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Petteri Kauhanen
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Research, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland.
| | - Petri Saari
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| | - Pekka Jaakkola
- Department of Heart and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Korhonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| | - Johannes Parkkonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juska Vienonen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland.,School of Medicine, Clinical Radiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Hedman
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 100, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70029, Kuopio, KYS, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sormunen T, Ketola A, Miettinen A, Parkkonen J, Retulainen E. X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4258. [PMID: 30862847 PMCID: PMC6414511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibre bonds play an essential role in various properties of paper. Much research has focused on their strength, but the determination of the actual contact area also provides a challenge. Many of the research methods rely on optical tools, which are restricted by the wavelength of light that is utilised. Novel X-ray computed tomography devices utilise X-rays in studying the inner structure of materials, and surpass the optical methods in terms of resolution, allowing detection of even smaller details and variations in distance between the fibres in the bond intersection area. X-ray nanotomography was used to image 26 individual cellulose fibre bonds made of springwood and summerwood fibres of refined bleached softwood kraft pulp. Various dimensional properties of the bonds were measured, most importantly the relative contact area (apparent contact area/intersection area), whose values showed wide variation from 6.4 to 85% with an average of 57.7%. Although the summerwood bonds had a somewhat smaller intersection and contact area than springwood bonds, there were no significant differences in the relative contact area between the bond types. This suggests that the effect of relative and absolute contact area on the strength differences between bond types seems to be minor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sormunen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland. .,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, 90571, Finland.
| | - A Ketola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Jyväskylä, 40101, Finland
| | - A Miettinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.,Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland.,Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - J Parkkonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - E Retulainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Jyväskylä, 40101, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuva J, Sammaljärvi J, Parkkonen J, Siitari-Kauppi M, Lehtonen M, Turpeinen T, Timonen J, Voutilainen M. Imaging connected porosity of crystalline rock by contrast agent-aided X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. J Microsc 2017; 270:98-109. [PMID: 29071713 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We set out to study connected porosity of crystalline rock using X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) with caesium chloride as a contrast agent. Caesium is an important radionuclide regarding the final deposition of nuclear waste and also forms dense phases that can be readily distinguished by X-ray microtomography and SEM-EDS. Six samples from two sites, Olkiluoto (Finland) and Grimsel (Switzerland), where transport properties of crystalline rock are being studied in situ, were investigated using X-ray microtomography and SEM-EDS. The samples were imaged with X-ray microtomography, immersed in a saturated caesium chloride (CsCl) solution for 141, 249 and 365 days and imaged again with X-ray microtomography. CsCl inside the samples was successfully detected with X-ray microtomography and it had completely penetrated all six samples. SEM-EDS elemental mapping was used to study the location of caesium in the samples in detail with quantitative mineral information. Precipitated CsCl was found in the connected pore space in Olkiluoto veined gneiss and in lesser amounts in Grimsel granodiorite. Only a very small amount of precipitated CsCl was observed in the Grimsel granodiorite samples. In Olkiluoto veined gneiss caesium was found in pinitised areas of cordierite grains. In the pinitised areas caesium was found in notable excess compared to chloride, possibly due to the combination of small pore size and negatively charged surfaces. In addition, elevated concentrations of caesium were found in kaolinite and sphalerite phases. The findings concerning the location of CsCl were congruent with X-ray microtomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kuva
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sammaljärvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Parkkonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Siitari-Kauppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lehtonen
- Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - T Turpeinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Timonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Voutilainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wahlbeck K, Cresswell-Smith J, Haaramo P, Parkkonen J. Interventions to mitigate the effects of poverty and inequality on mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:505-514. [PMID: 28280872 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review psychosocial and policy interventions which mitigate the effects of poverty and inequality on mental health. METHODS Systematic reviews, controlled trials and realist evaluations of the last 10 years are reviewed, without age or geographical restrictions. RESULTS Effective psychosocial interventions on individual and family level, such as parenting support programmes, exist. The evidence for mental health impact of broader community-based interventions, e.g. community outreach workers, or service-based interventions, e.g. social prescribing and debt advice is scarce. Likewise, the availability of evidence for the mental health impact of policy level interventions, such as poverty alleviation or youth guarantee, is quite restricted. CONCLUSIONS The social, economic, and physical environments in which people live shape mental health and many common mental disorders. There are effective early interventions to promote mental health in vulnerable groups, but it is necessary to both initiate and facilitate a cross-sectoral approach, and to form partnerships between different government departments, civic society organisations and other stakeholders. This approach is referred to as Mental Health in All Policies and it can be applied to all public policy levels from local policies to supranational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Wahlbeck
- The Finnish Association for Mental Health, Maistraatinportti 4 A, 7th floor, 00240, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Cresswell-Smith
- Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peija Haaramo
- Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Parkkonen
- The Finnish Association for Mental Health, Maistraatinportti 4 A, 7th floor, 00240, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Korhonen M, Parkkonen J, Hedman M, Muuronen A, Onatsu J, Mustonen P, Vanninen R, Taina M. Morphological features of the left atrial appendage in consecutive coronary computed tomography angiography patients with and without atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173703. [PMID: 28288200 PMCID: PMC5348027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of intracardiac thrombi form in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Enlargement of this structure, together with certain morphological features, may indicate a predisposition to the formation of thrombi and subsequent cardioembolic stroke. Thus far, studies on LAA morphology have largely focused on those patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Taking a different approach, we investigated the variation in LAA morphology in a consecutive patient population with and without AF. We evaluated 808 consecutive patients (529 females; mean age 52.5±9.9 years) who underwent coronary artery computed tomography angiography (CCTA), the majority of whom (749) had no history of AF. We assessed the length, lobe number, and morphological classification of their LAAs. Demographic data and medical histories were collated from medical records and then correlated with LAA morphology. The proportions of each of the four morphological classes of LAA for the overall vs. non-AF population were: WindSock, 62.3/61.5%; Cactus, 18.6/18.8%; ChickenWing, 10.0/10.0%; and CauliFlower, 9.2/9.6%. Age (p<0.001; r = 0.156) and female gender (p<0.001) were both found to be associated with an increased body surface area (BSA)-related LAA length. Male patients were more likely to manifest multi-lobed (p = 0.003) LAAs, and overweight patients with a greater number of multi-lobed LAA morphological classes (p = 0.010). No associations with morphological LAA features could be found for patients with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Nor did the size of the left atrium exhibit any correlation with BSA-related LAA length. In the overall and non-AF populations, aging and female gender were associated with longer BSA-indexed LAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miika Korhonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes Parkkonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Hedman
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Muuronen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Onatsu
- Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mustonen
- Department of Cardiology, Keski-Suomi Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Taina
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wahlbeck K, Hannukkala M, Parkkonen J, Valkonen J, Solantaus T. Promotion of mental health in the core of public health work. Duodecim 2017; 133:985-992. [PMID: 29239580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive trends achieved in health in Finland are not equally reflected mental health, hence mental health promotion deserves a central position. Mental health promotion refers to strengthening of psychological resources, and has been linked to increased well-being and life satisfaction. Health care has an important role in supporting a solid foundation of mental health and in preventing intergenerational transmission of problems. Mental health promotion requires strong involvement of non-health sectors. There are means for strengthening mental health skills also on the individual level. The gap between existing evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mental health promotion and the lack of large scale implementation needs to addressed by future health and social policies.
Collapse
|