1
|
Teo YX, Lee SX, White IR, McFadden JP. Irritant hand dermatitis to alcohol hand sanitisers in healthcare workers: Possible role of alcohol metabolism polymorphisms. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:317-320. [PMID: 38086342 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying X Teo
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shan X Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teo YX, White IR, McFadden JP. Allergic contact dermatitis to multiple salicylates: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:195-197. [PMID: 38012081 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying X Teo
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teo YX, McCarthy S, McFadden JP, White IR, Cunningham L. Co-sensitisation to rubber accelerators and surfactants in three healthcare workers. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:95-97. [PMID: 37816369 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying X Teo
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan McCarthy
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryan SF, Ferguson FJ, Cunningham L, White IR, McFadden JP. Occupational hand dermatitis secondary to methacrylates-The 'manual tray' sign. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:152-153. [PMID: 36258285 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A case report of a dentist presenting with allergic contact dermatitis to methacrylates present in dental bonding agent applied on the dorsum of a gloved hand. The patient presented with a localized dermatitis to the dorsum of the non-dominant hand which can be described as a 'manual tray sign'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian R White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, UK, London
| | - John P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, UK, London
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McCarthy S, White IR, McFadden JP, Cunningham L. Recurrent contact urticaria to cosmetics: An unexpected allergen. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:63-64. [PMID: 36073253 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan McCarthy
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cunningham L, Kimber I, Basketter D, Simmonds P, McSweeney S, Tziotzios C, McFadden JP. Perforin, COVID-19 and a possible pathogenic auto-inflammatory feedback loop. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13102. [PMID: 34755902 PMCID: PMC8646999 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During COVID‐19 infection, reduced function of natural killer (NK) cells can lead to both compromised viral clearance and dysregulation of the immune response. Such dysregulation leads to overproduction of cytokines, a raised neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and monocytosis. This in turn increases IL‐6 expression, which promotes scar and thrombus formation. Excess IL‐6 also leads to a further reduction in NK function through downregulation of perforin expression, therefore forming a pathogenic auto‐inflammatory feedback loop. The perforin/granzyme system of cytotoxicity is the main mechanism through which NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate virally infected host cells, as well as being central to their role in regulating immune responses to microbial infection. Here, we present epidemiological evidence suggesting an association between perforin expression and resistance to COVID‐19. In addition, we outline the manner in which a pathogenic auto‐inflammatory feedback loop could operate and the relationship of this loop to genes associated with severe COVID‐19. Such an auto‐inflammatory loop may be amenable to synergistic multimodal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cunningham
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheila McSweeney
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christos Tziotzios
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McSweeney SM, White IR, McFadden JP, Tziotzios C, McGrath JA. Unravelling the genetic basis of contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 86:1-2. [PMID: 34596894 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M McSweeney
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Christos Tziotzios
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cunningham
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | | | - Jane O’Connor
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rayinda T, McSweeney SM, McFadden JP, White IR, McGrath JA, Tziotzios C. There is no proven association between sensitization to benzyl salicylate and frontal fibrosing alopecia. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:483-484. [PMID: 34247396 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuntas Rayinda
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - John P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
McFadden JP, Cunningham LS, Ferguson FJ, Tziotzios C, McGrath JA. Synergistic multiple early therapy (SMET) for inflammatory diseases with pathogenic autoinflammatory feedback circuits. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:469-470. [PMID: 33797104 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L S Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F J Ferguson
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Tziotzios
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A McGrath
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Corso R, White IR, McFadden JP, Ferguson FJ. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by nalmefene. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:108-109. [PMID: 33527420 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Corso
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Felicity J Ferguson
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koch C, Badissi AA, Basketter DA, McFadden JP, White IR. Comment on "occupational psoriasis after exposure to rockwool". Contact Dermatitis 2021; 84:357-358. [PMID: 33486764 PMCID: PMC8048957 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Koch
- European Insulation Manufacturers Association (EURIMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anissa A Badissi
- European Insulation Manufacturers Association (EURIMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferguson FJ, Street G, Cunningham L, White IR, McFadden JP, Williams J. Occupational dermatology in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: a report of experience from London and Manchester, UK. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:180-182. [PMID: 32790187 PMCID: PMC7436592 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Ferguson
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G Street
- Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - L Cunningham
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - I R White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J Williams
- Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cunningham L, Ferguson FJ, White IR, Rosbotham J, McFadden JP. The virtue of “virtual” patch testing: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:527-528. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy St Johnʼs Institute of Dermatology, Guyʼs Hospital London UK
| | - Felicity J. Ferguson
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy St Johnʼs Institute of Dermatology, Guyʼs Hospital London UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy St Johnʼs Institute of Dermatology, Guyʼs Hospital London UK
| | | | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy St Johnʼs Institute of Dermatology, Guyʼs Hospital London UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McSweeney SM, White IR, McFadden JP, Tziotzios C. Contact urticaria to non‐latex synthetic glove material: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:417-418. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. McSweeney
- Cutaneous Allergy Team, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Ian R. White
- Cutaneous Allergy Team, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - John P. McFadden
- Cutaneous Allergy Team, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Christos Tziotzios
- Cutaneous Allergy Team, St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's Hospital London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cunningham LS, McFadden JP, Basketter DA, Ferguson FJ, White IR, Kimber I. Harnessing co-operative immune augmentation by contact allergens to enhance the efficacy of viral vaccines. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:432-435. [PMID: 32880961 PMCID: PMC7436419 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the development of successful vaccines against coronaviruses may be achieved, for some individuals the immune response that they stimulate may prove to be insufficient for effective host defence. The principle that a relatively strong contact allergen will have an enhancing effect on sensitization compared with a less potent contact allergen if they are co-administered, may not, at first, appear relevant to this issue. However, this augmentation effect is thought to be due to the sharing of common or complementary pathways. Here, we briefly consider aspects of the shared and complementary pathways between skin sensitization induced by exposure to a contact allergen and the immune response to viruses, with particular reference to COVID-19. The relationship leads us to explore whether this principle, which we name here as "co-operative immune augmentation" may be extended to include viral vaccination. We consider evidence that even relatively weak contact allergens, used in vaccines for other purposes, can show enhanced sensitization, which is in keeping with a co-operative augmentation principle. Finally, we consider how the potent contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone could be employed safely as an enhancer of vaccine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Cunningham
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Felicity J Ferguson
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teo Y, McFadden JP, White IR, Lynch M, Banerjee P. Allergic contact dermatitis in atopic individuals: Results of a 30‐year retrospective study. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:409-416. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Teo
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
- Department of Cutaneous AllergySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous AllergySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Ian R. White
- Department of Cutaneous AllergySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Magnus Lynch
- Department of Cutaneous AllergySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Piu Banerjee
- Department of Cutaneous AllergySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
- Department of DermatologyLewisham Hospital London UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Withers P, Flynn CL, Vogt MF, Mayyasi M, Mahaffy P, Benna M, Elrod M, McFadden JP, Dunn P, Liu G, Andersson L, England S. Mars's Dayside Upper Ionospheric Composition Is Affected by Magnetic Field Conditions. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2019; 124:3100-3109. [PMID: 32874820 PMCID: PMC7458070 DOI: 10.1029/2018ja026266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous observations have shown that electron density and temperature in the dayside ionosphere of Mars vary between strongly and weakly magnetized regions of the planet. Here we use data from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft to examine whether dayside ion densities and ionospheric composition also vary. We find that O+,O 2 + , andCO 2 + densities above ~200 km are greater in strongly magnetized regions than in weakly magnetized regions. Fractional abundances of ion species are also affected. TheO + / O 2 + ratio at 300-km altitude increases from ~0.5 in strongly magnetized regions to ~0.8 in weakly magnetized regions. Consequently, the plasma reservoir available for escape is fundamentally different between strongly magnetized and weakly magnetized regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Withers
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C L Flynn
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M F Vogt
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Mayyasi
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Mahaffy
- Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Benna
- Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Elrod
- Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J P McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Dunn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Liu
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L Andersson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S England
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand S Y Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College, London, UK
| | - Shan X Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferguson FJ, Pongpairoj K, Basketter DA, White IR, McFadden JP. Addressing the conundrums of
p
‐phenylenediamine hair dye allergy by applying Friedmann's principles of contact sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:234-237. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee SX, Amnattrakul E, Pongpairoj K, Puangpet P, Thaiwat S, McFadden JP. Microexamination. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:74-75. [PMID: 30506827 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xian Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Einapak Amnattrakul
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Dermatology Department, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Korbkarn Pongpairoj
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pailin Puangpet
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Supitchaya Thaiwat
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Howard SK, Halekas JS, Farrell WM, McFadden JP, Glassmeier KH. Identifying Ultra Low Frequency Waves in the Lunar Plasma Environment Using Trajectory Analysisand Resonance Conditions. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2017; 122:9983-9993. [PMID: 33505827 PMCID: PMC7837453 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that localized crustal magnetic fields on the lunar surface can reflect a significant portion of the incoming solar wind protons. These reflected ions can drive a wide range of plasma waves. It is difficult to determine the intrinsic properties of low-frequency waves with single-spacecraft observations, which can be heavily Doppler shifted. We describe a technique to combine trajectory analysis of reflected protons with the Doppler shift and resonance conditions to identify ultralow-frequency waves at the Moon. On 31 January 2014 plasma waves were detected by one of the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) probes as it approached the lunar wake; these waves were not detected by the second ARTEMIS probe located upstream in the undisturbed solar wind. The observed waves had a frequency below the local ion cyclotron frequency and had right-hand circular polarization in the reference frame of the Moon. By solving the Doppler shift and the cyclotron resonance equations, we determined the conditions for reflected ions to excite the observed waves. Simulated trajectories of reflected ions correspond to ARTEMIS ion observations and support the hypothesis that reflected ions are the primary driver of the waves. By combining trajectory analysis with the resonance conditions, we identify scenarios where ions that satisfy the resonance conditions are present in the right location to generate the observed waves. Using this method, we can uniquely identify the observed waves as upstream propagating right-hand polarized waves, subject to the assumption that they are generated by cyclotron resonance with ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Howard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J S Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W M Farrell
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J P McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K-H Glassmeier
- Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Järvi L, Grimmond CSB, McFadden JP, Christen A, Strachan IB, Taka M, Warsta L, Heimann M. Warming effects on the urban hydrology in cold climate regions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5833. [PMID: 28725047 PMCID: PMC5517421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While approximately 338 million people in the Northern hemisphere live in regions that are regularly snow covered in winter, there is little hydro-climatologic knowledge in the cities impacted by snow. Using observations and modelling we have evaluated the energy and water exchanges of four cities that are exposed to wintertime snow. We show that the presence of snow critically changes the impact that city design has on the local-scale hydrology and climate. After snow melt, the cities return to being strongly controlled by the proportion of built and vegetated surfaces. However in winter, the presence of snow masks the influence of the built and vegetated fractions. We show how inter-year variability of wintertime temperature can modify this effect of snow. With increasing temperatures, these cities could be pushed towards very different partitioning between runoff and evapotranspiration. We derive the dependency of wintertime runoff on this warming effect in combination with the effect of urban densification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Järvi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - C S B Grimmond
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - J P McFadden
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - A Christen
- Department of Geography/Atmospheric Science Program, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - I B Strachan
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Taka
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - L Warsta
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - M Heimann
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Trokoudes D, Banerjee P, Fityan A, Sarkany R, White IR, White JM, McFadden JP. Photoaggravated contact dermatitis caused by methylisothiazolinone. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:303-304. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danae Trokoudes
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Piu Banerjee
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Adam Fityan
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Robert Sarkany
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Ian R. White
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jonathan M. White
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abu-Asi MJ, White IR, McFadden JP, White JML. Patch testing is clinically important for patients with peri-anal dermatoses and pruritus ani. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 74:298-300. [PMID: 27040873 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Abu-Asi
- Cutaneous Allergy Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Cutaneous Allergy Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John P McFadden
- Cutaneous Allergy Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonathan M L White
- Cutaneous Allergy Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Pongpairoj
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K.
| | - J P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lynch MD, White JM, McFadden JP, Wang Y, White IR, Banerjee P. A dynamic landscape of allergen associations in delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:184-196. [PMID: 27285898 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed-type hypersensitivity represents a significant clinical and public health challenge. Patients undergoing patch testing may exhibit positive reactions to more than one allergen. It is recognized that reactions to specific pairs of allergens are associated, reflecting a combination of exposure patterns and structural similarity. OBJECTIVES To explore the influence of time of testing, age, sex and atopy status on allergen pair associations in a series of 45 110 consecutive patients tested over 30 years. METHODS Patch test records of all patients undergoing testing with a modified European baseline series between 1985 and 2014 were retrieved from a database at St John's Institute of Dermatology. Reactions were read on days 2 and 4. For each allergen it was recorded whether the allergen was tested and whether the result was positive or negative. RESULTS This is the largest reported study of patch test allergen pair relationships. Our analysis shows a high degree of variability in allergen pair associations. Rigorous statistical analysis reveals a large number of differences between groups, including a significant increase in the association between formaldehyde and multiple formaldehyde-releasing preservatives over the study period, in addition to pair associations with cobalt and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. These were present to a significantly greater extent in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS These observations extend our understanding of cutaneous allergy, with implications for both clinical practice and mechanisms of cutaneous hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Lynch
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - J M White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - J P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - Y Wang
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - I R White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K
| | - P Banerjee
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Lewisham Hospital, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pongpairoj K, Morar N, McFadden JP. ‘Seborrhoeic dermatitis’ of the head and neck without scalp involvement - remember nail varnish allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:306-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Korbkarn Pongpairoj
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Nilesh Morar
- Department of Dermatology; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; London SW109NH UK
| | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 7EH UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Basketter DA, White IR, Kullavanijaya P, Tresukosol P, Wichaidit M, McFadden JP. Influence of vitamin C on the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to p-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:368-72. [PMID: 27027508 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair dyes represent one of the most important causes of allergic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cosmetic products. The principal causative chemistry is associated with oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and closely related substances. OBJECTIVES To examine whether prior application of the antioxidant vitamin C to the skin was able to reduce the cutaneous allergic response to PPD. METHODS Twenty eight volunteers with a proven history of contact allergy to PPD were recruited. Each was tested with a range of PPD doses and PPD-containing hair dye on untreated skin and skin pretreated for 10 min with a vitamin C formulation. RESULTS Pretreatment of skin sites with vitamin C led to a reduction in the intensity, or even ablation, of the cutaneous allergic reaction to PPD in ∼75% of cases as compared with untreated skin. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment of the skin adjacent to the hair-bearing area with antioxidant could form part of a strategy to reduce the burden of cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis caused by hair dyeing.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pongpairoj K, Puangpet P, Thaiwat S, McFadden JP. ShouldEvernia furfuraceabe included in a baseline screening series of contact allergens? Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:257-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Korbkarn Pongpairoj
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Pailin Puangpet
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supitchaya Thaiwat
- Dermatologic Department, Division of Medicine; Phramongkutklao Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 9RT UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Skin sensitization associated with allergic contact dermatitis is a common health problem and is an important consideration for toxicologists in safety assessment. Historically, in vivo predictive tests have been used with good success to identify substances that have the potential to induce skin sensitization, and these tests formed the basis of safety evaluation. These original tests are now being replaced gradually either by in vitro assays or by further refinements of in vivo methods such as the local lymph node assay. Human data have also been available to inform classification decisions for some substances and have been used by risk managers to introduce measures for exposure reduction. However, humans encounter hazards in the context of exposure rather than in the form of intrinsic hazards per se, and so in this article, we have examined critically the extent to which human data have been used to refine classification decisions and safety evaluations. We have also evaluated information on the burden of human allergic skin disease and used this to address the question of whether, and to what extent, the identification and evaluation of skin sensitization hazards has led to an improvement of public and/or occupational health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - IR White
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - JP McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Basketter D, White IR, McFadden JP, Kimber I. Hexyl cinnamal: consideration of skin-sensitizing properties and suitability as a positive control. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:227-31. [PMID: 24988491 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.933973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexyl cinnamal (HCA) is a widely used fragrance chemical, the low skin-sensitizing potency of which has made it a common choice for the use as a positive control for predictive toxicology assays. However, HCA is commonly negative in current candidate in vitro alternatives test methods. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence that HCA is a classifiable skin sensitizer against the standards set by the Globally Harmonized Scheme (GHS), and determine whether it represents an appropriate choice for a positive control substance for predictive testing. METHODS Using the GHS criteria, mechanistic data, and in vitro, in vivo and human evidence relating to HCA and skin sensitization have been reviewed. RESULTS The chemistry of HCA is consistent with potential for skin sensitization and predictive in vivo test data support this conclusion. However, the human data are relatively sparse, consistent with HCA possessing a low capacity to induce skin sensitization under conditions of consumer exposures. CONCLUSIONS Using GHS criteria (and applying a precautionary approach) HCA would classify as a weaker skin sensitizer than predicted by the local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, given the human experience, it is necessary to consider whether HCA is the most appropriate choice for use as a positive regulatory control.
Collapse
|
34
|
Thomas BR, White IR, McFadden JP, Banerjee P. Positive relationship-intensity of response to p-phenylenediamine on patch testing and cross-reactions with related allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:98-101. [PMID: 24850439 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair dye exposure is the most common cause of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Cross-reactions with structurally related allergens occur. OBJECTIVES It is suggested that a stronger patch test reaction (3+ rather than 1+) to PPD (usually tested as 1% petrolatum) is associated with an increased propensity for cross-reactions. In this article we will demonstrate this association. METHODS Of 230 patients with allergic reactions to PPD on patch testing identified during 2007-2012 from clinical records, notes for 221 were available for review. Data were collected regarding age, sex, and grade of reaction [International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) criteria] to PPD. Cross-reactions with the following allergens, found in our baseline series, were recorded: Disperse Yellow 3, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), and caine mix. Having excluded 23 doubtful reactions, the reactions from 198 patients were further considered. RESULTS Of the patients, 75.3% (n = 149) were female, and the mean age was 48.6 years (12-82 years). Of the patients allergic to PPD, 16.6% (n = 33) showed cross-reactions with one or more related allergens. Cross-reactions were seen in 16% with a grade of 1+, 14.5% with a grade of 2+, 28.6% with a grade of 3+ when PPD was tested 1% pet., and 50.0% when PPD was tested at 0.1-0.001%, arbitrarily considered to be 4+ (p = 0.02; Cramér's V = 0.23). CONCLUSION An increasing likelihood of reactions to Disperse Yellow 3, IPPD or caine mix was seen with increasing strength of patch test reaction to PPD. The clinical relevance of these cross-reactions is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn R Thomas
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mann J, McFadden JP, White JML, White IR, Banerjee P. Baseline series fragrance markers fail to predict contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70:276-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Mann
- Friends Dermatology Centre; Kent and Canterbury Hospital; CT13NG Canterbury UK
| | - John P. McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; SE1 7EH London UK
| | | | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; SE1 7EH London UK
| | - Piu Banerjee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; SE1 7EH London UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the immunobiological processes through which the development of allergic sensitization to chemicals is initiated and orchestrated. One of the most intriguing issues is the basis for the elicitation by chemical sensitizers of different forms of allergic reaction; that is, allergic contact dermatitis or sensitization of the respiratory tract associated with occupational asthma. Studies in rodents have revealed that differential forms of allergic sensitization to chemicals are, in large part at least, a function of the selective development of discrete functional sub-populations of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. Evidence for a similar association of chemical allergy in humans with discrete T-lymphocyte populations is, however, limited. It is of some interest, therefore, that two recent articles from different teams of investigators have shed new light on the role of polarized T-lymphocyte responses in the development of allergic contact dermatitis and occupational asthma in humans. The implications for understanding of chemical allergy in humans are explored in this Commentary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
McFadden JP, White IR, Basketter D, Puangpet P, Kimber I. The cosmetic allergy conundrum: inference of an immunoregulatory response to cosmetic allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:129-37. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | | | - Pailin Puangpet
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester; M13 9PT; UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
McFadden JP, Mann J, White JML, Banerjee P, White IR. Outbreak of methylisothiazolinone allergy targeting those aged ≥40 years. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:53-5. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | - Jack Mann
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | | | - Piu Banerjee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London; SE1 7EH; UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Puangpet P, White JML, White IR, McFadden JP. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by a black permanent marker. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67:375-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
Øieroset M, Phan TD, Eastwood JP, Fujimoto M, Daughton W, Shay MA, Angelopoulos V, Mozer FS, McFadden JP, Larson DE, Glassmeier KH. Direct evidence for a three-dimensional magnetic flux rope flanked by two active magnetic reconnection X lines at Earth's magnetopause. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:165007. [PMID: 22107399 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.165007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct detection by three THEMIS spacecraft of a magnetic flux rope flanked by two active X lines producing colliding plasma jets near the center of the flux rope. The observed density depletion and open magnetic field topology inside the flux rope reveal important three-dimensional effects. There was also evidence for nonthermal electron energization within the flux rope core where the fluxes of 1-4 keV superthermal electrons were higher than those in the converging reconnection jets. The observed ion and electron energizations differ from current theoretical predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Øieroset
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
McFadden JP, Basketter DA, Dearman RJ, Kimber IR. Extra domain A-positive fibronectin-positive feedback loops and their association with cutaneous inflammatory disease. Clin Dermatol 2011; 29:257-65. [PMID: 21496732 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous inflammation can show Th1 or Th2 predominance, but the precise mechanisms by which such selectivity is determined are unknown. A recent study has demonstrated that Th1 cells, but not Th2 cells, produce an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, namely extradomain A+ fibronectin containing extra type III domain A (FnEDA+). As TLR4 stimulation leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines that recruit (via altered endothelial adhesion molecule expression and chemokine production) more Th1/Th17 cells, a positive feedback mechanism for Th1/Th17 inflammation exists. We propose that FnEDA+ positive feedback loops are a potential driver of Th1/Th17 inflammation. Conversely, the inflammatory EDA+ fibronectin loop is negatively regulated in atopic dermatitis, Th2 cytokines actively suppress TLR4 expression of Th1 cytokines, and recruited Th2 cells do not produce FnEDA+. In psoriasis, there are multiple FnEDA+ loops, comprising inflammatory, keratinocyte, and autoimmune loops. In allergic contact dermatitis, a single inflammatory loop operates. In atopic dermatitis, the FnEDA+ loop is actively suppressed by Th2 cytokines, and recruited Th2 cells do not "feedback" FnEDA+. We review endogenous ligands for TLR in relation to inflammatory disease, FnEDA+ function, and the potential role for FnEDA+ in psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kai AC, White JML, White IR, Johnston G, McFadden JP. Contact dermatitis caused by C30-38 olefin/isopropyl maleate/MA copolymer in a sunscreen. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:353-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Fissore C, Baker LA, Hobbie SE, King JY, McFadden JP, Nelson KC, Jakobsdottir I. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fluxes in household ecosystems in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, urban region. Ecol Appl 2011; 21:619-39. [PMID: 21639033 DOI: 10.1890/10-0386.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid worldwide urbanization calls for a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of those macroelements that have large environmental impacts in cities. This study, part of the Twin Cities Household Ecosystem Project, quantified fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) at the scale of individual households in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota, USA. We estimated input and output fluxes associated with several components of household activities including air and motor vehicle travel, food consumption, home energy use, landscape, pets, and paper and plastic use for 360 owner-occupied, stand-alone households. A few component fluxes dominated total input fluxes of elements. For instance, air and motor vehicle transportation, together with home energy use, accounted for 85% of total C consumption and emissions. All total and component fluxes were skewed to varying degrees, suggesting that policies targeting disproportionately high fluxes could be an effective and efficient way to reduce pollution. For example, 20% of households contributed 75% of air travel emissions and 40% of motor vehicle emissions. Home energy use was more nearly normally distributed. Nitrogen fluxes were dominated by human diet and lawn fertilizer applications, which together accounted for 65% of total household N inputs. The majority of P inputs were associated with human diet, use of detergents, and pet food. A large portion of the variation among household fluxes of C, N, and P was related to a few biophysical variables. A better understanding of the biophysical, demographic, and behavioral drivers of household activities that contribute to C, N, and P fluxes is pivotal for developing accurate urban biogeochemical models and for informing policies aimed at reducing sources of pollution in urban ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fissore
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kimber I, Basketter DA, McFadden JP, Dearman RJ. Characterization of skin sensitizing chemicals: a lesson learnt from nickel allergy. J Immunotoxicol 2010; 8:1-2. [PMID: 21067469 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2010.531298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
48
|
Chew AL, Bashir SJ, Hawk JLM, Palmer R, White IR, McFadden JP. Contact and photocontact sensitization in chronic actinic dermatitis: a changing picture. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:42-6. [PMID: 20136878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) frequently have positive patch or photopatch tests. In our previous study (period 1987-1992), the most prominent contact allergen was the sesquiterpene lactone mix (36% of patients with CAD). OBJECTIVE To assess whether contact allergy profiles in CAD patients between 2000 and 2005 have changed in respect to our previous data (1987-1992). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty CAD patient records from 2000 to 2005 for patch and photopatch testing were retrospectively analysed and data were compared with that from 86 patients seen between 1987 and 1992. RESULTS Thirty-two (64%) and 64 (74%) patients had positive patch or photopatch tests in 2000-2005 and 1987-1992, respectively. The allergen profile has altered. A decline in sesquiterpene lactone mix positive reactions was noted: 29 (36%) patients were positive in 1987-1992 and 10 (20%) patients in 2000-2005, but this was not significant (P = 0.08). Reactions to non-fragrance consumer allergens (i.e. p-phenylenediamine and preservatives) had risen from 7 reactions (1987-1992) to 21 reactions in 13 individuals (2000-2005) (P < 0.001). Of these allergens, p-phenylenediamine was the most common (12%; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS A significant rise in positive patch tests to non-fragrance consumer allergens, particularly p-phenylenediamine, was seen in CAD patients in 2000-2005. We speculate this alteration of allergen profile may be partly due to changes in exposure patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Lean Chew
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wee JS, White JML, McFadden JP, White IR. Patch testing in patients treated with systemic immunosuppression and cytokine inhibitors. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:165-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
We have previously postulated that as well as T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/fibronectin (FN)/alpha5beta1 pathway is central to psoriasis pathogenesis. EDA+ FN refers to an alternatively spliced isoform of FN with an additional domain known as extra domain A. EDA+ FN has two important properties pertinent to psoriasis lesions: it stimulates keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and, through stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, stimulates production of proinflammatory cytokines. EDA+ FN production induced by TGF-beta stimulation can be maintained in psoriasis lesions via two main feedback loops. Firstly, EDA+ FN stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes, which, in an autocrine fashion, will release more EDA+ FN. Secondly, EDA+ FN stimulates TLR4 expressed by antigen-presenting cells resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-12. The resultant promotion of cutaneous inflammation results in the recruitment of Th1 cells, which also produce EDA+ FN. We propose that these 'FN loops' contribute to the maintenance and progression of psoriatic lesions. Finally, although the association between psoriasis and heart/thrombotic disease remains unclear one plausible link may be the promotion of atherosclerosis and thrombotic heart disease by EDA+ FN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|