1
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Trofimova DN, Aeluri M, Veeranna KD, Jiang Y, Grange RL, Pipaliya BV, Subaramanian M, Craig AW, Evans PA, Allingham JS. Toward a Template for Synthetic Actin-Targeting Macrolide Analogues That Inhibit Cancer Cell Invasiveness. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5315-5332. [PMID: 38401158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Actin barbed end-binding macrolides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell motility and invasion of extracellular matrix (ECM), evoking their potential utility as therapies for metastatic cancers. Unfortunately, the direct use of these compounds in clinical settings is impeded by their limited natural abundance, challenging total synthesis, and detrimental effects on normal tissues. To develop potent analogues of these compounds that are simpler to synthesize and compatible with cell-specific targeting systems, such as antibodies, we designed over 20 analogues of the acyclic side chain (tail) of the macrolide Mycalolide B. These analogues probed the contributions of four distinct regions of the tail towards the inhibition of actin polymerization and ECM invasion by human lung cancer A549 cells. We observed that two of these regions tolerate considerable substituent variability, and we identified a specific combination of substituents that leads to the optimal inhibition of the ECM invasion activity of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madhu Aeluri
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kirana D Veeranna
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Grange
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bhavin V Pipaliya
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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2
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Sridhar PS, Vasquez V, Monteil-Rivera F, Allingham JS, Loewen MC. A peroxidase-derived ligand that induces Fusarium graminearum Ste2 receptor-dependent chemotropism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1287418. [PMID: 38239502 PMCID: PMC10794396 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1287418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The fungal G protein-coupled receptors Ste2 and Ste3 are vital in mediating directional hyphal growth of the agricultural pathogen Fusarium graminearum towards wheat plants. This chemotropism is induced by a catalytic product of peroxidases secreted by the wheat. Currently, the identity of this product, and the substrate it is generated from, are not known. Methods and results We provide evidence that a peroxidase substrate is derived from F. graminearum conidia and report a simple method to extract and purify the FgSte2-activating ligand for analyses by mass spectrometry. The mass spectra arising from t he ligand extract are characteristic of a 400 Da carbohydrate moiety. Consistent with this type of molecule, glycosidase treatment of F. graminearum conidia prior to peroxidase treatment significantly reduced the amount of ligand extracted. Interestingly, availability of the peroxidase substrate appears to depend on the presence of both FgSte2 and FgSte3, as knockout of one or the other reduces the chemotropism-inducing effect of the extracts. Conclusions While further characterization is necessary, identification of the F. graminearum-derived peroxidase substrate and the FgSte2-activating ligand will unearth deeper insights into the intricate mechanisms that underlie fungal pathogenesis in cereal crops, unveiling novel avenues for inhibitory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S. Sridhar
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vinicio Vasquez
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fanny Monteil-Rivera
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michele C. Loewen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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3
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Benoit MP, Hunter B, Allingham JS, Sosa H. New insights into the mechanochemical coupling mechanism of kinesin-microtubule complexes from their high-resolution structures. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1505-1520. [PMID: 37560910 PMCID: PMC10586761 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins couple mechanical movements in their motor domain to the binding and hydrolysis of ATP in their nucleotide-binding pocket. Forces produced through this 'mechanochemical' coupling are typically used to mobilize kinesin-mediated transport of cargos along microtubules or microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling. This review discusses the recent high-resolution structures (<4 Å) of kinesins bound to microtubules or tubulin complexes that have resolved outstanding questions about the basis of mechanochemical coupling, and how family-specific modifications of the motor domain can enable its use for motility and/or microtubule depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron Hunter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hernando Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A
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4
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Hunter B, Benoit MPMH, Asenjo AB, Doubleday C, Trofimova D, Frazer C, Shoukat I, Sosa H, Allingham JS. Kinesin-8-specific loop-2 controls the dual activities of the motor domain according to tubulin protofilament shape. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4198. [PMID: 35859148 PMCID: PMC9300613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-8s are dual-activity motor proteins that can move processively on microtubules and depolymerize microtubule plus-ends, but their mechanism of combining these distinct activities remains unclear. We addressed this by obtaining cryo-EM structures (2.6-3.9 Å) of Candida albicans Kip3 in different catalytic states on the microtubule lattice and on a curved microtubule end mimic. We also determined a crystal structure of microtubule-unbound CaKip3-ADP (2.0 Å) and analyzed the biochemical activity of CaKip3 and kinesin-1 mutants. These data reveal that the microtubule depolymerization activity of kinesin-8 originates from conformational changes of its motor core that are amplified by dynamic contacts between its extended loop-2 and tubulin. On curved microtubule ends, loop-1 inserts into preceding motor domains, forming head-to-tail arrays of kinesin-8s that complement loop-2 contacts with curved tubulin and assist depolymerization. On straight tubulin protofilaments in the microtubule lattice, loop-2-tubulin contacts inhibit conformational changes in the motor core, but in the ADP-Pi state these contacts are relaxed, allowing neck-linker docking for motility. We propose that these tubulin shape-induced alternations between pro-microtubule-depolymerization and pro-motility kinesin states, regulated by loop-2, are the key to the dual activity of kinesin-8 motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Hunter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Matthieu P M H Benoit
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ana B Asenjo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Caitlin Doubleday
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daria Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Corey Frazer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Irsa Shoukat
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hernando Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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5
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Gilet JG, Ivanova EL, Trofimova D, Rudolf G, Meziane H, Broix L, Drouot N, Courraud J, Skory V, Voulleminot P, Osipenko M, Bahi-Buisson N, Yalcin B, Birling MC, Hinckelmann MV, Kwok BH, Allingham JS, Chelly J. Conditional switching of KIF2A mutation provides new insights into cortical malformation pathogeny. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:766-784. [PMID: 31919497 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the Cre-mediated genetic switch technology, we were able to successfully generate a conditional knock-in mouse, bearing the KIF2A p.His321Asp missense point variant, identified in a subject with malformations of cortical development. These mice present with neuroanatomical anomalies and microcephaly associated with behavioral deficiencies and susceptibility to epilepsy, correlating with the described human phenotype. Using the flexibility of this model, we investigated RosaCre-, NestinCre- and NexCre-driven expression of the mutation to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental cortical abnormalities. We show that the expression of the p.His321Asp pathogenic variant increases apoptosis and causes abnormal multipolar to bipolar transition in newborn neurons, providing therefore insights to better understand cortical organization and brain growth defects that characterize KIF2A-related human disorders. We further demonstrate that the observed cellular phenotypes are likely to be linked to deficiency in the microtubule depolymerizing function of KIF2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Gilet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Ekaterina L Ivanova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daria Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Loic Broix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jeremie Courraud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Valerie Skory
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Voulleminot
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Osipenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Département de médecine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Service de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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6
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Pipaliya BV, Trofimova DN, Grange RL, Aeluri M, Deng X, Shah K, Craig AW, Allingham JS, Evans PA. Truncated Actin-Targeting Macrolide Derivative Blocks Cancer Cell Motility and Invasion of Extracellular Matrix. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6847-6854. [PMID: 33938740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving highly motile tumor cells that breach tissue barriers, enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, and disseminate throughout the body as circulating tumor cells. The primary cellular mechanism contributing to these critical events is the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Mycalolide B (MycB) is an actin-targeting marine macrolide that can suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast and ovarian cancer cells at low nanomolar doses. Through structure-activity relationship studies focused on the actin-binding tail region (C24-C35) of MycB, we identified a potent truncated derivative that inhibits polymerization of G-actin and severs F-actin by binding to actin's barbed end cleft. Biological analyses of this miniature MycB derivative demonstrate that it causes a rapid collapse of the actin cytoskeleton in ovarian cancer cells and impairs cancer cell motility and invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by inhibiting invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation. These studies provide essential proof-of-principle for developing actin-targeting therapeutic agents to block cancer metastasis and establish a synthetically tractable barbed end-binding pharmacophore that can be further improved by adding targeting groups for precision drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin V Pipaliya
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daria N Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Grange
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madhu Aeluri
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xu Deng
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kavan Shah
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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7
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Sridhar PS, Trofimova D, Subramaniam R, González-Peña Fundora D, Foroud NA, Allingham JS, Loewen MC. Ste2 receptor-mediated chemotropism of Fusarium graminearum contributes to its pathogenicity against wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10770. [PMID: 32612109 PMCID: PMC7329813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight of wheat, caused by the filamentous fungus Fusarium graminearum, leads to devastating global food shortages and economic losses. While many studies have addressed the responses of both wheat and F. graminearum during their interaction, the possibility of fungal chemotropic sensing enabling pathogenicity remains unexplored. Based on recent findings linking the pheromone-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor Ste2 to host-directed chemotropism in Fusarium oxysporum, we investigated the role of the Ste2 receptor and its downstream signaling pathways in mediating chemotropism of F. graminearum. Interestingly, a chemotropic response of growing hyphae towards catalytically active Triticum aestivum ‘Roblin’ cultivar secreted peroxidases was detected, with deletion of STE2 in F. graminearum leading to loss of the observed response. At the same time, deletion of STE2 significantly decreased infection on germinating wheat coleoptiles, highlighting an association between Ste2, chemotropism and infection by F. graminearum. Further characterization revealed that the peroxidase-directed chemotropism is associated with stimulation of the fungal cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Altogether, this study demonstrates conservation of Ste2-mediated chemotropism by Fusarium species, and its important role in mediating pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S Sridhar
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daria Trofimova
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | | | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403, 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada. .,National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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8
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Abstract
Kinesins are a diverse group of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent motor proteins that transport cargos along microtubules (MTs) and change the organization of MT networks. Shared among all kinesins is a ~40 kDa motor domain that has evolved an impressive assortment of motility and MT remodeling mechanisms as a result of subtle tweaks and edits within its sequence. Several elegant studies of different kinesin isoforms have exposed the purpose of structural changes in the motor domain as it engages and leaves the MT. However, few studies have compared the sequences and MT contacts of these kinesins systematically. Along with clever strategies to trap kinesin-tubulin complexes for X-ray crystallography, new advancements in cryo-electron microscopy have produced a burst of high-resolution structures that show kinesin-MT interfaces more precisely than ever. This review considers the MT interactions of kinesin subfamilies that exhibit significant differences in speed, processivity, and MT remodeling activity. We show how their sequence variations relate to their tubulin footprint and, in turn, how this explains the molecular activities of previously characterized mutants. As more high-resolution structures become available, this type of assessment will quicken the pace toward establishing each kinesin's design-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Hunter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Guo S, Campbell R, Davies PL, Allingham JS. Phasing with calcium at home. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:377-384. [PMID: 31045567 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19004151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With better tools for data processing and with synchrotron beamlines that are capable of collecting data at longer wavelengths, sulfur-based native single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) phasing has become the `first-choice' method for de novo protein structure determination. However, for many proteins native SAD phasing can be simplified by taking advantage of their interactions with natural metal cofactors that are stronger anomalous scatterers than sulfur. This is demonstrated here for four unique domains of a 1.5 MDa calcium-dependent adhesion protein using the anomalous diffraction of the chelated calcium ions. In all cases, low anomalous multiplicity X-ray data were collected on a home-source diffractometer equipped with a chromium rotating anode (λ = 2.2909 Å). In all but one case, calcium SAD phasing alone was sufficient to allow automated model building and refinement of the protein model after the calcium substructure had been determined. Given that Ca atoms will be present in a significant percentage of proteins that remain uncharacterized, many aspects of the data-collection and processing methods described here could be broadly applied for routine de novo structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Guo
- Protein Function Discovery Group and The Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert Campbell
- Protein Function Discovery Group and The Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter L Davies
- Protein Function Discovery Group and The Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Protein Function Discovery Group and The Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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10
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Reilly ML, Stokman MF, Magry V, Jeanpierre C, Alves M, Paydar M, Hellinga J, Delous M, Pouly D, Failler M, Martinovic J, Loeuillet L, Leroy B, Tantau J, Roume J, Gregory-Evans CY, Shan X, Filges I, Allingham JS, Kwok BH, Saunier S, Giles RH, Benmerah A. Loss-of-function mutations in KIF14 cause severe microcephaly and kidney development defects in humans and zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:778-795. [PMID: 30388224 PMCID: PMC6381319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KIF14 have previously been associated with either severe, isolated or syndromic microcephaly with renal hypodysplasia (RHD). Syndromic microcephaly-RHD was strongly reminiscent of clinical ciliopathies, relating to defects of the primary cilium, a signalling organelle present on the surface of many quiescent cells. KIF14 encodes a mitotic kinesin, which plays a key role at the midbody during cytokinesis and has not previously been shown to be involved in cilia-related functions. Here, we analysed four families with fetuses presenting with the syndromic form and harbouring biallelic variants in KIF14. Our functional analyses showed that the identified variants severely impact the activity of KIF14 and likely correspond to loss-of-function mutations. Analysis in human fetal tissues further revealed the accumulation of KIF14-positive midbody remnants in the lumen of ureteric bud tips indicating a shared function of KIF14 during brain and kidney development. Subsequently, analysis of a kif14 mutant zebrafish line showed a conserved role for this mitotic kinesin. Interestingly, ciliopathy-associated phenotypes were also present in mutant embryos, supporting a potential direct or indirect role for KIF14 at cilia. However, our in vitro and in vivo analyses did not provide evidence of a direct role for KIF14 in ciliogenesis and suggested that loss of kif14 causes ciliopathy-like phenotypes through an accumulation of mitotic cells in ciliated tissues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that KIF14 mutations result in a severe syndrome associating microcephaly and RHD through its conserved function in cytokinesis during kidney and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Louise Reilly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Department of Life Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Virginie Magry
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Jeanpierre
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marine Alves
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Hellinga
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marion Delous
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Pouly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marion Failler
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unit of Fetal Pathology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- INSERM U-788, Génétique/Neurogénétique, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Loeuillet
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Leroy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Julia Tantau
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Joelle Roume
- Service de Génétique, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, 78100 Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Cheryl Y Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xianghong Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Isabel Filges
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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11
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Loewen PC, Switala J, Wells JP, Huang F, Zara AT, Allingham JS, Loewen MC. Structure and function of a lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenase orthologue from Pseudomonas brassicacearum. BMC Biochem 2018; 19:8. [PMID: 30115012 PMCID: PMC6097328 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stilbene cleaving oxygenases (SCOs), also known as lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenases (LSDs) mediate the oxidative cleavage of the olefinic double bonds of lignin-derived intermediate phenolic stilbenes, yielding small modified benzaldehyde compounds. SCOs represent one branch of the larger carotenoid cleavage oxygenases family. Here, we describe the structural and functional characterization of an SCO-like enzyme from the soil-born, bio-control agent Pseudomonas brassicacearum. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assays relying on visual inspection, spectrophotometric quantification, as well as liquid-chormatographic and mass spectrometric characterization were applied for functional evaluation of the enzyme. X-ray crystallographic analyses and in silico modeling were applied for structural investigations. RESULTS In vitro assays demonstrated preferential cleavage of resveratrol, while in vivo analyses detected putative cleavage of the straight chain carotenoid, lycopene. A high-resolution structure containing the seven-bladed β-propeller fold and conserved 4-His-Fe unit at the catalytic site, was obtained. Comparative structural alignments, as well as in silico modelling and docking, highlight potential molecular factors contributing to both the primary in vitro activity against resveratrol, as well as the putative subsidiary activities against carotenoids in vivo, for future validation. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported here provide validation of the SCO structure, and highlight enigmatic points with respect to the potential effect of the enzyme's molecular environment on substrate specificities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Loewen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jacek Switala
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - James P Wells
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Fang Huang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Anthony T Zara
- Department of BioMedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of BioMedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of BioMedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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12
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Guo S, Stevens CA, Vance TDR, Olijve LLC, Graham LA, Campbell RL, Yazdi SR, Escobedo C, Bar-Dolev M, Yashunsky V, Braslavsky I, Langelaan DN, Smith SP, Allingham JS, Voets IK, Davies PL. Structure of a 1.5-MDa adhesin that binds its Antarctic bacterium to diatoms and ice. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1701440. [PMID: 28808685 PMCID: PMC5550230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesins are modular cell-surface proteins that mediate adherence to other cells, surfaces, and ligands. The Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis uses a 1.5-MDa adhesin comprising over 130 domains to position it on ice at the top of the water column for better access to oxygen and nutrients. We have reconstructed this 0.6-μm-long adhesin using a "dissect and build" structural biology approach and have established complementary roles for its five distinct regions. Domains in region I (RI) tether the adhesin to the type I secretion machinery in the periplasm of the bacterium and pass it through the outer membrane. RII comprises ~120 identical immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich domains that rigidify on binding Ca2+ to project the adhesion regions RIII and RIV into the medium. RIII contains ligand-binding domains that join diatoms and bacteria together in a mixed-species community on the underside of sea ice where incident light is maximal. RIV is the ice-binding domain, and the terminal RV domain contains several "repeats-in-toxin" motifs and a noncleavable signal sequence that target proteins for export via the type I secretion system. Similar structural architecture is present in the adhesins of many pathogenic bacteria and provides a guide to finding and blocking binding domains to weaken infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Guo
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Corey A. Stevens
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tyler D. R. Vance
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Luuk L. C. Olijve
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Laurie A. Graham
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert L. Campbell
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Saeed R. Yazdi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science and Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science and Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maya Bar-Dolev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Victor Yashunsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David N. Langelaan
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven P. Smith
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MD Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Protein Function Discovery Group and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Stevens CA, Semrau J, Chiriac D, Litschko M, Campbell RL, Langelaan DN, Smith SP, Davies PL, Allingham JS. Peptide backbone circularization enhances antifreeze protein thermostability. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1932-1941. [PMID: 28691252 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a class of ice-binding proteins that promote survival of a variety of cold-adapted organisms by decreasing the freezing temperature of bodily fluids. A growing number of biomedical, agricultural, and commercial products, such as organs, foods, and industrial fluids, have benefited from the ability of AFPs to control ice crystal growth and prevent ice recrystallization at subzero temperatures. One limitation of AFP use in these latter contexts is their tendency to denature and irreversibly lose activity at the elevated temperatures of certain industrial processing or large-scale AFP production. Using the small, thermolabile type III AFP as a model system, we demonstrate that AFP thermostability is dramatically enhanced via split intein-mediated N- and C-terminal end ligation. To engineer this circular protein, computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to identify an extein sequence that would fill the 20-Å gap separating the free ends of the AFP, yet impose little impact on the structure and entropic properties of its ice-binding surface. The top candidate was then expressed in bacteria, and the circularized protein was isolated from the intein domains by ice-affinity purification. This circularized AFP induced bipyramidal ice crystals during ice growth in the hysteresis gap and retained 40% of this activity even after incubation at 100°C for 30 min. NMR analysis implicated enhanced thermostability or refolding capacity of this protein compared to the noncyclized wild-type AFP. These studies support protein backbone circularization as a means to expand the thermostability and practical applications of AFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joanna Semrau
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dragos Chiriac
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Morgan Litschko
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert L Campbell
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David N Langelaan
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven P Smith
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter L Davies
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Protein Function Discovery Group and the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Grondin JM, Duan D, Kirlin AC, Abe KT, Chitayat S, Spencer HL, Spencer C, Campigotto A, Houliston S, Arrowsmith CH, Allingham JS, Boraston AB, Smith SP. Diverse modes of galacto-specific carbohydrate recognition by a family 31 glycoside hydrolase from Clostridium perfringens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171606. [PMID: 28158290 PMCID: PMC5291390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a commensal member of the human gut microbiome and an opportunistic pathogen whose genome encodes a suite of putative large, multi-modular carbohydrate-active enzymes that appears to play a role in the interaction of the bacterium with mucin-based carbohydrates. Among the most complex of these is an enzyme that contains a presumed catalytic module belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). This large enzyme, which based on its possession of a GH31 module is a predicted α-glucosidase, contains a variety of non-catalytic ancillary modules, including three CBM32 modules that to date have not been characterized. NMR-based experiments demonstrated a preference of each module for galacto-configured sugars, including the ability of all three CBM32s to recognize the common mucin monosaccharide GalNAc. X-ray crystal structures of the CpGH31 CBM32s, both in apo form and bound to GalNAc, revealed the finely-tuned molecular strategies employed by these sequentially variable CBM32s in coordinating a common ligand. The data highlight that sequence similarities to previously characterized CBMs alone are insufficient for identifying the molecular mechanism of ligand binding by individual CBMs. Furthermore, the overlapping ligand binding profiles of the three CBMs provide a fail-safe mechanism for the recognition of GalNAc among the dense eukaryotic carbohydrate networks of the colonic mucosa. These findings expand our understanding of ligand targeting by large, multi-modular carbohydrate-active enzymes, and offer unique insights into of the expanding ligand-binding preferences and binding site topologies observed in CBM32s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Grondin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa C. Kirlin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kento T. Abe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth Chitayat
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly L. Spencer
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Spencer
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alisha Campigotto
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Houliston
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alisdair B. Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven P. Smith
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Williams RN, Craig AW, Allingham JS. Abstract 2179: Macrolide toxin Mycalolide B is a potent inhibitor of HER2 cancer cell invasion and is the basis of actin targeted therapy for metastatic cancers. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are among the leading causes of cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is highly expressed in a subset of these cancers that show high rates of progression to metastatic disease. Metastasis is driven by filamentous actin (F-actin) based protrusions that penetrate and degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) to facilitate tumor invasion. In this study, we tested an actin-depolymerizing macrolide toxin Mycalolide B, as a potential suppressor of highly metastatic HER2+ breast and ovarian cancer cell models. Dose responses with Mycalolide B in SKBR3 breast cancer and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells resulted in similar cytotoxicity (∼65 nM IC50) profiles. In addition, Mycalolide B doses well below the IC50 showed potent suppression of leading edge protrusions, and motility in SKBR3 and SKOV3 cancer cells. This also correlated with reduced ECM degradation and Transwell invasion at low nanomolar doses of Mycalolide B. In contrast, other F-actin based processes such as endocytosis of HER2 and EGFR, were less sensitive to Mycalolide B treatment. However, Mycalolide B treatment did skew the size of endocytic vesicles, which may reflect defects in F-actin based vesicle motility or maturation. Given that HER2 cancers have been effectively targeted by Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab-based antibody-drug conjugates, we are currently testing the compatibility of combined treatments with Mycalolide B and Trastuzumab, for their effects on F-actin based invasion of HER2+ cancers. This strategy may yield a novel class of antibody-drug conjugate, and lead to new HER2 targeted therapies that suppress tumor metastasis by disrupting early steps that are dependent on efficient F-actin polymerization.
Citation Format: Rodette N. Williams, Andrew W. Craig, John S. Allingham. Macrolide toxin Mycalolide B is a potent inhibitor of HER2 cancer cell invasion and is the basis of actin targeted therapy for metastatic cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2179.
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16
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Brockhausen I, Nair DG, Chen M, Yang X, Allingham JS, Szarek WA, Anastassiades T. Human acetyl-CoA:glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 has a relaxed donor specificity and transfers acyl groups up to four carbons in length. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 94:197-204. [PMID: 26935656 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase1 (GNA1) catalyses the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) to form N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P), which is an essential intermediate in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis. An analog of GlcNAc, N-butyrylglucosamine (GlcNBu) has shown healing properties for bone and articular cartilage in animal models of arthritis. The goal of this work was to examine whether GNA1 has the ability to transfer a butyryl group from butyryl-CoA to GlcN6P to form GlcNBu6P, which can then be converted to GlcNBu. We developed fluorescent and radioactive assays and examined the donor specificity of human GNA1. Acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, and isobutyryl groups were all transferred to GlcN6P, but isovaleryl-CoA and decanoyl-CoA did not serve as donor substrates. Site-specific mutants were produced to examine the role of amino acids potentially affecting the size and properties of the AcCoA binding pocket. All of the wild type and mutant enzymes showed activities of both acetyl and butyryl transfer and can therefore be used for the enzymatic synthesis of GlcNBu for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,b Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dileep G Nair
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,c Ministry of Higher Education, Sur College of Applied Sciences, Sur, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Min Chen
- b Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,d School of Life Sciences and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- b Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- b Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Walter A Szarek
- e Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tassos Anastassiades
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,b Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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17
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Arora K, Talje L, Asenjo AB, Andersen P, Atchia K, Joshi M, Sosa H, Allingham JS, Kwok BH. KIF14 binds tightly to microtubules and adopts a rigor-like conformation. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2997-3015. [PMID: 24949858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic kinesin motor protein KIF14 is essential for cytokinesis during cell division and has been implicated in cerebral development and a variety of human cancers. Here we show that the mouse KIF14 motor domain binds tightly to microtubules and does not display typical nucleotide-dependent changes in this affinity. It also has robust ATPase activity but very slow motility. A crystal structure of the ADP-bound form of the KIF14 motor domain reveals a dramatically opened ATP-binding pocket, as if ready to exchange its bound ADP for Mg·ATP. In this state, the central β-sheet is twisted ~10° beyond the maximal amount observed in other kinesins. This configuration has only been seen in the nucleotide-free states of myosins-known as the "rigor-like" state. Fitting of this atomic model to electron density maps from cryo-electron microscopy indicates a distinct binding configuration of the motor domain to microtubules. We postulate that these properties of KIF14 are well suited for stabilizing midbody microtubules during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritica Arora
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada
| | - Lama Talje
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Ana B Asenjo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Parker Andersen
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Kaleem Atchia
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Monika Joshi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada
| | - Hernando Sosa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada.
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada.
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18
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Partha SK, Ravulapalli R, Allingham JS, Campbell RL, Davies PL. Crystal structure of calpain-3 penta-EF-hand (PEF) domain - a homodimerized PEF family member with calcium bound at the fifth EF-hand. FEBS J 2014; 281:3138-49. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarathy K. Partha
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Ravikiran Ravulapalli
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Robert L. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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19
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Sun T, Lin FH, Campbell RL, Allingham JS, Davies PL. An antifreeze protein folds with an interior network of more than 400 semi-clathrate waters. Science 2014; 343:795-8. [PMID: 24531972 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When polypeptide chains fold into a protein, hydrophobic groups are compacted in the center with exclusion of water. We report the crystal structure of an alanine-rich antifreeze protein that retains ~400 waters in its core. The putative ice-binding residues of this dimeric, four-helix bundle protein point inwards and coordinate the interior waters into two intersecting polypentagonal networks. The bundle makes minimal protein contacts between helices, but is stabilized by anchoring to the semi-clathrate water monolayers through backbone carbonyl groups in the protein interior. The ordered waters extend outwards to the protein surface and likely are involved in ice binding. This protein fold supports both the anchored-clathrate water mechanism of antifreeze protein adsorption to ice and the water-expulsion mechanism of protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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20
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Joshi M, Duan D, Drew D, Jia Z, Davis D, Campbell RL, Allingham JS. Kar3Vik1 mechanochemistry is inhibited by mutation or deletion of the C terminus of the Vik1 subunit. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36957-70. [PMID: 24240171 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Force production by kinesins has been linked to structural rearrangements of the N and C termini of their motor domain upon nucleotide binding. In recent crystal structures, the Kar3-associated protein Vik1 shows unexpected homology to these conformational states even though it lacks a nucleotide-binding site. This conservation infers a degree of commonality in the function of the N- and C-terminal regions during the mechanochemical cycle of all kinesins and kinesin-related proteins. We tested this inference by examining the functional effects on Kar3Vik1 of mutating or deleting residues in Vik1 that are involved in stabilizing the C terminus against the core and N terminus of the Vik1 motor homology domain (MHD). Point mutations at two moderately conserved residues near the Vik1 C terminus impaired microtubule gliding and microtubule-stimulated ATP turnover by Kar3Vik1. Deletion of the seven C-terminal residues inhibited Kar3Vik1 motility much more drastically. Interestingly, none of the point mutants seemed to perturb the ability of Kar3Vik1 to bind microtubules, whereas the C-terminal truncation mutant did. Molecular dynamics simulations of these C-terminal mutants showed distinct root mean square fluctuations in the N-terminal region of the Vik1 MHD that connects it to Kar3. Here, the degree of motion in the N-terminal portion of Vik1 highly correlated with that in the C terminus. These observations suggest that the N and C termini of the Vik1 MHD form a discrete folding motif that is part of a communication pathway to the nucleotide-binding site of Kar3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Joshi
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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21
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Guo S, Garnham CP, Karunan Partha S, Campbell RL, Allingham JS, Davies PL. Role of Ca2+in folding the tandem β-sandwich extender domains of a bacterial ice-binding adhesin. FEBS J 2013; 280:5919-32. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Guo
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Christopher P. Garnham
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Sarathy Karunan Partha
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Robert L. Campbell
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - John S. Allingham
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Peter L. Davies
- The Protein Function Discovery Group; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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Delorme C, Joshi M, Allingham JS. Crystal structure of the Candida albicans Kar3 kinesin motor domain fused to maltose-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:427-32. [PMID: 23137538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the Kinesin-14 motor protein Kar3 (CaKar3) is critical for normal mitotic division, nuclear fusion during mating, and morphogenic transition from the commensal yeast form to the virulent hyphal form. As a first step towards detailed characterization of this motor of potential medical significance, we have crystallized and determined the X-ray structure of the motor domain of CaKar3 as a maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion. The structure shows strong conservation of overall motor domain topology to other Kar3 kinesins, but with some prominent differences in one of the motifs that compose the nucleotide-binding pocket and the surface charge distribution. The MBP and Kar3 modules are arranged such that MBP interacts with the Kar3 motor domain core at the same site where the neck linker of conventional kinesins docks during the "ATP state" of the mechanochemical cycle. This site differs from the Kar3 neck-core interface in the recent structure of the ScKar3Vik1 heterodimer. The position of MBP is also completely distinct from the Vik1 subunit in this complex. This may suggest that the site of MBP interaction on the CaKar3 motor domain provides an interface for the neck, or perhaps a partner subunit, at an intermediate state of its motile cycle that has not yet been observed for Kinesin-14 motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Delorme
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
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Duan D, Jia Z, Joshi M, Brunton J, Chan M, Drew D, Davis D, Allingham JS. Neck rotation and neck mimic docking in the noncatalytic Kar3-associated protein Vik1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40292-301. [PMID: 23043140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kar3Vik1 is a heterodimeric kinesin with one catalytic subunit (Kar3) and one noncatalytic subunit (Vik1). RESULTS Vik1 experiences conformational changes in regions analogous to the force-producing elements in catalytic kinesins. CONCLUSION A molecular mechanism by which Kar3 could trigger Vik1's release from microtubules was revealed. SIGNIFICANCE These findings will serve as the prototype for understanding the motile mechanism of kinesin-14 motors in general. It is widely accepted that movement of kinesin motor proteins is accomplished by coupling ATP binding, hydrolysis, and product release to conformational changes in the microtubule-binding and force-generating elements of their motor domain. Therefore, understanding how the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins Cik1 and Vik1 are able to function as direct participants in movement of Kar3Cik1 and Kar3Vik1 kinesin complexes presents an interesting challenge given that their motor homology domain (MHD) cannot bind ATP. Our crystal structures of the Vik1 ortholog from Candida glabrata may provide insight into this mechanism by showing that its neck and neck mimic-like element can adopt several different conformations reminiscent of those observed in catalytic kinesins. We found that when the neck is α-helical and interacting with the MHD core, the C terminus of CgVik1 docks onto the central β-sheet similarly to the ATP-bound form of Ncd. Alternatively, when neck-core interactions are broken, the C terminus is disordered. Mutations designed to impair neck rotation, or some of the neck-MHD interactions, decreased microtubule gliding velocity and steady state ATPase rate of CgKar3Vik1 complexes significantly. These results strongly suggest that neck rotation and neck mimic docking in Vik1 and Cik1 may be a structural mechanism for communication with Kar3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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24
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Kwok E, Everingham S, Zhang S, Greer PA, Allingham JS, Craig AW. FES Kinase Promotes Mast Cell Recruitment to Mammary Tumors via the Stem Cell Factor/KIT Receptor Signaling Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:881-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Duan D, Hnatchuk DJ, Brenner J, Davis D, Allingham JS. Crystal structure of the Kar3-like kinesin motor domain from the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. Proteins 2011; 80:1016-27. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Stark BC, Wen KK, Allingham JS, Rubenstein PA, Lord M. Functional adaptation between yeast actin and its cognate myosin motors. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30384-30392. [PMID: 21757693 PMCID: PMC3162397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.262899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed budding yeast and skeletal muscle actin to examine the contribution of the actin isoform to myosin motor function. While yeast and muscle actin are highly homologous, they exhibit different charge density at their N termini (a proposed myosin-binding interface). Muscle myosin-II actin-activated ATPase activity is significantly higher with muscle versus yeast actin. Whether this reflects inefficiency in the ability of yeast actin to activate myosin is not known. Here we optimized the isolation of two yeast myosins to assess actin function in a homogenous system. Yeast myosin-II (Myo1p) and myosin-V (Myo2p) accommodate the reduced N-terminal charge density of yeast actin, showing greater activity with yeast over muscle actin. Increasing the number of negative charges at the N terminus of yeast actin from two to four (as in muscle) had little effect on yeast myosin activity, while other substitutions of charged residues at the myosin interface of yeast actin reduced activity. Thus, yeast actin functions most effectively with its native myosins, which in part relies on associations mediated by its outer domain. Compared with yeast myosin-II and myosin-V, muscle myosin-II activity was very sensitive to salt. Collectively, our findings suggest differing degrees of reliance on electrostatic interactions during weak actomyosin binding in yeast versus muscle. Our study also highlights the importance of native actin isoforms when considering the function of myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Stark
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Kuo-Kuang Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Rubenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Matthew Lord
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405.
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Blain JC, Mok YF, Kubanek J, Allingham JS. Two molecules of lobophorolide cooperate to stabilize an actin dimer using both their "ring" and "tail" region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:802-7. [PMID: 20797609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Actin filament-disrupting marine macrolides are promising templates from which to design therapeutics against cancer and other diseases that co-opt the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, these macrolides form either a 1:1 or 2:1 actin-macrolide complex where their aliphatic side chain, or "tail," has been reported to convey the major determinant of cytotoxicity. We now report the structure of the marine macrolide lobophorolide bound to actin with a unique 2:2 stoichiometry in which two lobophorolide molecules cooperate to form a dimerization interface that is composed entirely of the macrolide "ring" region, and each molecule of lobophorolide interacts with both actin subunits via their ring and tail regions to tether the subunits together. This binding mode imposes multiple barriers against microfilament stability and holds important implications for development of actin-targeting drugs and the evolution of macrolide biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Craig Blain
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Abstract
Actin-binding marine macrolides exhibit significant structural and functional diversity. In this issue, Perrins et al. demonstrate that a long stereochemically conserved aliphatic side chain, known as the "tail", found in many of these compounds is the functional determinant of cytotoxicity (Perrins et al., 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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29
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Lucas-Lopez C, Allingham JS, Lebl T, Lawson CPAT, Brenk R, Sellers JR, Rayment I, Westwood NJ. The small molecule tool (S)-(-)-blebbistatin: novel insights of relevance to myosin inhibitor design. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2076-84. [PMID: 18528569 DOI: 10.1039/b801223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The small molecule blebbistatin is now a front line tool in the study of myosin function. Chemical modification of the tricyclic core of blebbistatin could deliver the next generation of myosin inhibitors and to help address this we report here on the impact of structural changes in the methyl-substituted aromatic ring of blebbistatin on its biological activity. Chemical methods for the preparation of isomeric methyl-containing analogues are reported and a series of co-crystal structures are used to rationalise the observed variations in their biological activity. These studies further support the view that the previously identified binding mode of blebbistatin to Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II is of relevance to its mode of action. A discussion of the role that these observations have on planning the synthesis of focused libraries of blebbistatin analogues is also provided including an assessment of possibilities by computational methods. These studies are ultimately directed at the development of novel myosin inhibitors with improved affinity and different selectivity profiles from blebbistatin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lucas-Lopez
- School of Chemistry and the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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30
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Allingham JS, Miles CO, Rayment I. A structural basis for regulation of actin polymerization by pectenotoxins. J Mol Biol 2007; 371:959-70. [PMID: 17599353 PMCID: PMC2041831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
(PTXs) are polyether macrolides found in certain dinoflagellates, sponges and shellfish, and have been associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. In addition to their in vivo toxicity, some PTXs are potently cytotoxic in human cancer cell lines. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton may be a key function of these compounds, although no clarification of their mechanism of action at a molecular level was available. We have obtained an X-ray crystal structure of PTX-2 bound to actin, which, in combination with analyses of the effect of PTX-2 on purified actin filament dynamics, provides a molecular explanation for its effects on actin. PTX-2 formed a 1:1 complex with actin and engaged a novel site between subdomains 1 and 3. Based on models of the actin filament, PTX binding would disrupt key lateral contacts between the PTX-bound actin monomer and the lower lateral actin monomer within the filament, thereby capping the barbed-end. The location of this binding position within the interior of the filament indicates that it may not be accessible once polymerization has occurred, a hypothesis supported by our observation that PTX-2 caused filament capping without inducing filament severing. This mode of action is unique, as other actin filament destabilizing toxins appear to exclusively disrupt longitudinal monomer contacts, allowing many of them to sever filaments in addition to capping them. Examination of the PTX-binding site on actin provides a rationalization for the structure-activity relationships observed in vivo and in vitro, and may provide a basis for predicting toxicity of PTX analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher O. Miles
- National Veterinary Institute, PB 8156 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Allingham JS, Sproul LR, Rayment I, Gilbert SP. Vik1 modulates microtubule-Kar3 interactions through a motor domain that lacks an active site. Cell 2007; 128:1161-72. [PMID: 17382884 PMCID: PMC1987336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional kinesin and class V and VI myosins coordinate the mechanochemical cycles of their motor domains for processive movement of cargo along microtubules or actin filaments. It is widely accepted that this coordination is achieved by allosteric communication or mechanical strain between the motor domains, which controls the nucleotide state and interaction with microtubules or actin. However, questions remain about the interplay between the strain and the nucleotide state. We present an analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kar3/Vik1, a heterodimeric C-terminal Kinesin-14 containing catalytic Kar3 and the nonmotor protein Vik1. The X-ray crystal structure of Vik1 exhibits a similar fold to the kinesin and myosin catalytic head, but lacks an ATP binding site. Vik1 binds more tightly to microtubules than Kar3 and facilitates cooperative microtubule decoration by Kar3/Vik1 heterodimers, and yet allows motility. These results demand communication between Vik1 and Kar3 via a mechanism that coordinates their interactions with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Lisa R. Sproul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
- †To whom correspondence should be addressed. and
| | - Susan P. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- †To whom correspondence should be addressed. and
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Abstract
Natural small-molecule inhibitors of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have long been recognized as valuable molecular probes for dissecting complex mechanisms of cellular function. More recently, their potential use as chemotherapeutic drugs has become a focus of scientific investigation. The primary focus of this review is the molecular mechanism by which different actin-targeting natural products function, with an emphasis on structural considerations of toxins for which high-resolution structural information of their interaction with actin is available. By comparing the molecular interactions made by different toxin families with actin, the structural themes of those that alter filament dynamics in similar ways can be understood. This provides a framework for novel synthetic-compound designs with tailored functional properties that could be applied in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Allingham JS, Zampella A, D'Auria MV, Rayment I. Structures of microfilament destabilizing toxins bound to actin provide insight into toxin design and activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:14527-32. [PMID: 16192358 PMCID: PMC1253543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502089102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macrolides that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton are promising candidates for cancer treatment. Here, we present the actin-bound x-ray crystal structures of reidispongiolide A and C and sphinxolide B, three marine macrolides found among a recently discovered family of cytotoxic compounds. Their structures allow unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration for each compound. A comparison of their actin-binding site to macrolides found in the trisoxazole family, as well as the divalent macrolide, swinholide A, reveals the existence of a common binding surface for a defined segment of their macrocyclic ring. This surface is located on a hydrophobic patch adjacent to the cleft separating domains 1 and 3 at the barbed-end of actin. The large area surrounding this surface accommodates a wide variety of conformations and designs observed in the macrocyclic component of barbed-end-targeting macrolides. Conversely, the binding pocket for the macrolide tail, located within the cleft itself, shows very limited variation. Functional characterization of these macrolides by using in vitro actin filament severing and polymerization assays demonstrate the necessity of the N-methyl-vinylformamide moiety at the terminus of the macrolide tail for toxin potency. These analyses also show the importance of stable interactions between the macrocyclic ring and the hydrophobic patch on actin for modifying filament structure and how this stability can be compromised by subtle changes in macrolactone ring composition. By identifying the essential components of these complex natural products that underlie their high actin affinity, we have established a framework for designing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
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Allingham JS, Smith R, Rayment I. The structural basis of blebbistatin inhibition and specificity for myosin II. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2005; 12:378-9. [PMID: 15750603 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors play a central role in cytoskeletal-mediated cellular processes and thus present an excellent target for cellular control by pharmacological agents. Yet very few such compounds have been found. We report here the structure of blebbistatin, which inhibits specific myosin isoforms, bound to the motor domain of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II. This reveals the structural basis for its specificity and provides insight into the development of new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Abstract
[structure: see text] The structure of ulapualide A (1) has been solved by X-ray crystallography in a complex with G-actin. The stereochemical configuration was assigned as 3S,9S,22S,23R,24S,26S,27S,31R,32R,33R.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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36
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Klenchin VA, Allingham JS, King R, Tanaka J, Marriott G, Rayment I. Trisoxazole macrolide toxins mimic the binding of actin-capping proteins to actin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:1058-63. [PMID: 14578936 DOI: 10.1038/nsb1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marine macrolide toxins of trisoxazole family target actin with high affinity and specificity and have promising pharmacological properties. We present X-ray structures of actin in complex with two members of this family, kabiramide C and jaspisamide A, at a resolution of 1.45 and 1.6 A, respectively. The structures reveal the absolute stereochemistry of these toxins and demonstrate that their trisoxazole ring interacts with actin subdomain 1 while the aliphatic side chain is inserted into the hydrophobic cavity between actin subdomains 1 and 3. The binding site is essentially the same as the one occupied by the actin-capping domain of the gelsolin superfamily of proteins. The structural evidence suggests that actin filament severing and capping by these toxins is also analogous to that of gelsolin. Consequently, these macrolides may be viewed as small molecule biomimetics of an entire class of actin-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Klenchin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Abstract
Tn10/IS10 transposition involves assembly of a synaptic complex (or transpososome) in which two transposon ends are paired, followed by four distinct chemical steps at each transposon end. The chemical steps are dependent on the presence of a suitable divalent metal cation (Me(2+)). Transpososome assembly and structure are also affected by Me(2+). To gain further insight into the mechanisms of Me(2+) action in Tn10/IS10 transposition we have investigated the effects of substituting Mn(2+) for Mg(2+), the physiologic Me(2+), in transposition. We have also investigated the significance of an Me(2+)-assisted conformational change in transpososome structure. We show that Mn(2+) has two previously unrecognized effects on the Tn10 donor cleavage reaction. It accelerates the rates of hairpin formation and hairpin resolution without significantly affecting the rate of the first chemical step, first strand nicking. Mn(2+) also relaxes the specificity of first strand nicking. We also show that Me(2+)-assisted transpososome unfolding coincides with a structural transition in the transposon-donor junction that may be necessary for hairpin formation. Possible mechanisms for these observations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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38
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Abstract
Tn10 transposition involves the formation of a hairpin intermediate at the transposon termini. Here we show that hairpin formation exhibits more stringent DNA sequence requirements at the terminal two base pairs than either transpososome assembly or first strand nicking. We also observe a significant DNA distortion at the terminal base pairs upon transpososome assembly by chemical nuclease footprinting. Interestingly, mutations at these positions do not necessarily inhibit the formation of the distortion. However, it remains a possibility that the inhibitory effect of these mutations is due to a defect in protein-DNA interactions subsequent to this deformation. Terminal base pair mutations also inhibited strand transfer, providing evidence that transposase interactions with the terminal residues on both 'transferred' and 'non-transferred' strands are important for hairpin formation. We also demonstrate that mutation of a highly conserved tyrosine residue that is a component of the YREK motif, Y285, results in a phenotype comparable to that of the terminal base pair mutations. In contrast, a mutation at another conserved position, W265, is shown to relax the specificity of the hairpin formation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B. Haniford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
Corresponding author e-mail:
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Santagata S, Besmer E, Villa A, Bozzi F, Allingham JS, Sobacchi C, Haniford DB, Vezzoni P, Nussenzweig MC, Pan ZQ, Cortes P. The RAG1/RAG2 complex constitutes a 3' flap endonuclease: implications for junctional diversity in V(D)J and transpositional recombination. Mol Cell 1999; 4:935-47. [PMID: 10635319 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During V(D)J recombination, processing of branched coding end intermediates is essential for generating junctional diversity. Here, we report that the RAG1/ RAG2 recombinase is a 3' flap endonuclease. Substrates of this nuclease activity include various coding end intermediates, suggesting a direct role for RAG1/ RAG2 in generating junctional diversity during V(D)J recombination. Evidence is also provided indicating that site-specific RSS nicking involves RAG1/RAG2-mediated processing of a localized flap-like structure, implying 3' flap nicking in multiple DNA processing reactions. We have also demonstrated that the bacterial transposase Tn10 contains a 3' flap endonuclease activity, suggesting a mechanistic parallel between RAG1/RAG2 and other transposases. Based on these data, we propose that numerous transposases may facilitate genomic evolution by removing single-stranded extensions during the processing of excision site junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santagata
- Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Abstract
Tn 10/IS 10 transposition involves excision of the transposon from a donor site and subsequent joining of the excised transposon to a new target site. These steps are catalyzed by the Tn 10 -encoded transposase protein and require the presence of a suitable divalent metal ion. Like other transposase and retroviral integrase proteins, Tn 10 transposase appears to contain a single active site which includes a triad of acidic amino acid residues generally referred to as the DDE motif. In addition to its role in catalysis, the Tn 10 transposase DDE motif also functions in target capture, a step that in vitro is greatly facilitated by the presence of a suitable divalent metal ion. We show that cysteine residue substitutions at each of the DDE motif residues in Tn 10 transposase result in a change in the divalent metal ion requirements for catalysis, such that Mn2+but not Mg2+can be used. This switch in metal ion specificity provides evidence that each of the DDE motif residues functions directly in metal ion binding. We also show differential effects of DDE mutations on metal ion-assisted target capture. A number of models, including a two metal ion active site, are considered to explain these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Allingham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
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