1
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Whitehead JC, Spiousas I, Armony JL. Individual differences in the evaluation of ambiguous visual and auditory threat-related expressions. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:370-393. [PMID: 38185821 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the neural correlates of the judgement of auditory and visual ambiguous threat-related information, and the influence of state anxiety on this process. Healthy subjects were scanned using a fast, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) multiband sequence while they performed a two-alternative forced-choice emotion judgement task on faces and vocal utterances conveying explicit anger or fear, as well as ambiguous ones. Critically, the latter was specific to each subject, obtained through a morphing procedure and selected prior to scanning following a perceptual decision-making task. Behavioural results confirmed a greater task-difficulty for subject-specific ambiguous stimuli and also revealed a judgement bias for visual fear, and, to a lesser extent, for auditory anger. Imaging results showed increased activity in regions of the salience and frontoparietal control networks (FPCNs) and deactivation in areas of the default mode network for ambiguous, relative to explicit, expressions. In contrast, the right amygdala (AMG) responded more strongly to explicit stimuli. Interestingly, its response to the same ambiguous stimulus depended on the subjective judgement of the expression. Finally, we found that behavioural and neural differences between ambiguous and explicit expressions decreased as a function of state anxiety scores. Taken together, our results show that behavioural and brain responses to emotional expressions are determined not only by emotional clarity but also modality and the subjects' subjective perception of the emotion expressed, and that some of these responses are modulated by state anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Human Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo y la Experiencia (LITERA), CONICET, Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Human Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo y la Experiencia (LITERA), CONICET, Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Mauchand M, Armony JL, Pell MD. The vocal side of empathy: neural correlates of pain perception in spoken complaints. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 19:nsad075. [PMID: 38102388 PMCID: PMC10752465 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the extensive neuroimaging literature on empathy for pain, few studies have investigated how this phenomenon may relate to everyday social situations such as spoken interactions. The present study used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to assess how complaints, as vocal expressions of pain, are empathically processed by listeners and how these empathic responses may vary based on speakers' vocal expression and cultural identity. Twenty-four French participants listened to short utterances describing a painful event, which were either produced in a neutral-sounding or complaining voice by both in-group (French) and out-group (French Canadian) speakers. Results suggest that the perception of suffering from a complaining voice increased activity in the emotional voice areas, composed of voice-sensitive temporal regions interacting with prefrontal cortices and the amygdala. The Salience and Theory of Mind networks, associated with affective and cognitive aspects of empathy, also showed prosody-related activity and specifically correlated with behavioral evaluations of suffering by listeners. Complaints produced by in- vs out-group speakers elicited sensorimotor and default mode activity, respectively, suggesting accent-based changes in empathic perspective. These results, while reaffirming the role of key networks in tasks involving empathy, highlight the importance of vocal expression information and social categorization processes when perceiving another's suffering during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Mauchand
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A1G1, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G2A8, Canada
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G2A8, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A1A1, Canada
| | - Marc D Pell
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A1G1, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G2A8, Canada
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3
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González-Alemañy E, Rodríguez Olivera AD, Bobes MA, Armony JL. Brain structural correlates of psychopathic traits in elite female combat-sports athletes. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4255-4263. [PMID: 37884281 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathy is characterized by glibness and superficial charm, as well as a lack of empathy, guilt and remorse, and is often accompanied by antisocial behaviour. The cerebral bases of this syndrome have been mostly studied in violent subjects or those with a criminal history. However, the antisocial component of psychopathy is not central to its conceptualization, and in fact, psychopathic traits are present in well-adjusted, non-criminal individuals within the general population. Interestingly, certain psychopathy characteristics appear to be particularly pronounced in some groups or professions. Importantly, as these so-called adaptive or successful psychopaths do not show antisocial tendencies or have significant psychiatric comorbidities, they may represent an ideal population to study this trait. Here, we investigated such a group, specifically elite female judo athletes, and compared them with matched non-athletes. Participants completed psychopathy, anger, perspective-taking and empathic concern questionnaires and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grey matter volume (GMV) was computed using voxel-based morphometry from the T1-weighted images. Athletes scored significantly higher in primary psychopathy and anger and lower in empathy and perspective taking. They also exhibited smaller GMV in the right temporal pole, left occipital cortex and left amygdala/hippocampus. GMV values for the latter cluster significantly correlated with primary psychopathy scores across both groups. These results confirm and extend previous findings to a little-studied population and provide support for the conceptualization of psychopathy as a dimensional personality trait which not only is not necessarily associated with antisocial behaviour but may potentially have adaptive value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Antonieta Bobes
- Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Deleglise A, Donnelly-Kehoe PA, Yeffal A, Jacobacci F, Jovicich J, Amaro E, Armony JL, Doyon J, Della-Maggiore V. Human motor sequence learning drives transient changes in network topology and hippocampal connectivity early during memory consolidation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6120-6131. [PMID: 36587288 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the exclusive role of the hippocampus in human declarative learning has been challenged. Recently, we have shown that gains in performance observed in motor sequence learning (MSL) during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice are associated with increased hippocampal activity, suggesting a role of this structure in motor memory reactivation. Yet, skill also develops offline as memory stabilizes after training and overnight. To examine whether the hippocampus contributes to motor sequence memory consolidation, here we used a network neuroscience strategy to track its functional connectivity offline 30 min and 24 h post learning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using a graph-analytical approach we found that MSL transiently increased network modularity, reflected in an increment in local information processing at 30 min that returned to baseline at 24 h. Within the same time window, MSL decreased the connectivity of a hippocampal-sensorimotor network, and increased the connectivity of a striatal-premotor network in an antagonistic manner. Finally, a supervised classification identified a low-dimensional pattern of hippocampal connectivity that discriminated between control and MSL data with high accuracy. The fact that changes in hippocampal connectivity were detected shortly after training supports a relevant role of the hippocampus in early stages of motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Deleglise
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | | | - Abraham Yeffal
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Florencia Jacobacci
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, Italy
| | - Edson Amaro
- Plataforma de Imagens na Sala de Autopsia (PISA), Instituto de Radiologia, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- School of Science and Technology (ECyT), National University of San Martin, B1650 Villa Lynch, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kondo F, Whitehead JC, Corbalán F, Beaulieu S, Armony JL. Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder type-I: multivariate analysis of fMRI data. Int J Bipolar Disord 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36964848 PMCID: PMC10039967 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-023-00292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder type-I (BD-I) patients are known to show emotion regulation abnormalities. In a previous fMRI study using an explicit emotion regulation paradigm, we compared responses from 19 BD-I patients and 17 matched healthy controls (HC). A standard general linear model-based univariate analysis revealed that BD patients showed increased activations in inferior frontal gyrus when instructed to decrease their emotional response as elicited by neutral images. We implemented multivariate pattern recognition analyses on the same data to examine if we could classify conditions within-group as well as HC versus BD. METHODS We reanalyzed explicit emotion regulation data using a multivariate pattern recognition approach, as implemented in PRONTO software. The original experimental paradigm consisted of a full 2 × 2 factorial design, with valence (Negative/Neutral) and instruction (Look/Decrease) as within subject factors. RESULTS The multivariate models were able to accurately classify different task conditions when HC and BD were analyzed separately (63.24%-75.00%, p = 0.001-0.012). In addition, the models were able to correctly classify HC versus BD with significant accuracy in conditions where subjects were instructed to downregulate their felt emotion (59.60%-60.84%, p = 0.014-0.018). The results for HC versus BD classification demonstrated contributions from the salience network, several occipital and frontal regions, inferior parietal lobes, as well as other cortical regions, to achieve above-chance classifications. CONCLUSIONS Our multivariate analysis successfully reproduced some of the main results obtained in the previous univariate analysis, confirming that these findings are not dependent on the analysis approach. In particular, both types of analyses suggest that there is a significant difference of neural patterns between conditions within each subject group. The multivariate approach also revealed that reappraisal conditions provide the most informative activity for differentiating HC versus BD, irrespective of emotional valence (negative or neutral). The current results illustrate the importance of investigating the cognitive control of emotion in BD. We also propose a set of candidate regions for further study of emotional control in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Kondo
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Serge Beaulieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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6
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Fittipaldi S, Armony JL, Migeot J, Cadaveira M, Ibáñez A, Baez S. Overactivation of posterior insular, postcentral and temporal regions during preserved experience of envy in autism. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:705-717. [PMID: 36628571 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Social emotions are critical to successfully navigate in a complex social world because they promote self-regulation of behaviour. Difficulties in social behaviour are at the core of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, social emotions and their neural correlates have been scarcely investigated in this population. In particular, the experience of envy has not been addressed in ASD despite involving neurocognitive processes crucially compromised in this condition. Here, we used an fMRI adapted version of a well-validated task to investigate the subjective experience of envy and its neural correlates in adults with ASD (n = 30) in comparison with neurotypical controls (n = 28). Results revealed that both groups reported similarly intense experience of envy in association with canonical activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, among other regions. However, in participants with ASD, the experience of envy was accompanied by overactivation of the posterior insula, the postcentral gyrus and the posterior superior temporal gyrus, regions subserving the processing of painful experiences and mentalizing. This pattern of results suggests that individuals with ASD may use compensatory strategies based on the embodied amplification of pain and additional mentalizing efforts to shape their subjective experience of envy. Results have relevant implications to better understand the heterogeneity of this condition and to develop new intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joaquín Migeot
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Wainio-Theberge S, Armony JL. Antisocial and impulsive personality traits are linked to individual differences in somatosensory maps of emotion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:675. [PMID: 36635384 PMCID: PMC9837047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory experience is an important component of emotion, playing a prominent role in many traditional emotion theories. Nonetheless, and despite the extensive literature on the influence of individual differences in emotional processing, the relation between personality traits and emotion-related somatosensation has received little attention. Here, we addressed this question in a large sample of healthy individuals through the "bodily maps of emotion" behavioural paradigm, in which participants indicated the location and extent of their body sensations for the 6 basic and 4 additional social emotions (contempt, envy, pride, shame). We found that emotional somatosensation in specific body areas, including the heart, the stomach, and the head, was related to specific personality factors, particularly antisocial attitudes and impulsivity. Moreover, the similarity of individual participants' maps to the group-average was likewise negatively correlated with antisocial tendencies. Overall, our results suggest that differences in individuals' sensitivity to somatosensation from different body areas, as well as the typicality of their topographical patterns, may partly underlie variation in higher-order social and affective traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Wainio-Theberge
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle boulevard, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jorge L. Armony
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle boulevard, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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8
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Whitehead JC, Armony JL. Intra-individual Reliability of Voice- and Music-elicited Responses and their Modulation by Expertise. Neuroscience 2022; 487:184-197. [PMID: 35182696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of functional neuroimaging studies have identified regions within the temporal lobe, particularly along the planum polare and planum temporale, that respond more strongly to music than other types of acoustic stimuli, including voice. This "music preferred" regions have been reported using a variety of stimulus sets, paradigms and analysis approaches and their consistency across studies confirmed through meta-analyses. However, the critical question of intra-subject reliability of these responses has received less attention. Here, we directly assessed this important issue by contrasting brain responses to musical vs. vocal stimuli in the same subjects across three consecutive fMRI runs, using different types of stimuli. Moreover, we investigated whether these music- and voice-preferred responses were reliably modulated by expertise. Results demonstrated that music-preferred activity previously reported in temporal regions, and its modulation by expertise, exhibits a high intra-subject reliability. However, we also found that activity in some extra-temporal regions, such as the precentral and middle frontal gyri, did depend on the particular stimuli employed, which may explain why these are less consistently reported in the literature. Taken together, our findings confirm and extend the notion that specific regions in the brain consistently respond more strongly to certain socially-relevant stimulus categories, such as faces, voices and music, but that some of these responses appear to depend, at least to some extent, on the specific features of the paradigm employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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9
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Dubé L, Silveira PP, Nielsen DE, Moore S, Paquet C, Cisneros-Franco JM, Kemp G, Knauper B, Ma Y, Khan M, Bartlett-Esquilant G, Evans AC, Fellows LK, Armony JL, Spreng RN, Nie JY, Brown ST, Northoff G, Bzdok D. From Precision Medicine to Precision Convergence for Multilevel Resilience-The Aging Brain and Its Social Isolation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:720117. [PMID: 35865245 PMCID: PMC9294141 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.720117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Spencer Moore
- Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Administration, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Miguel Cisneros-Franco
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gina Kemp
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knauper
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu Ma
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehmood Khan
- Life Biosciences Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Boston, MA, United States.,Council on Competitiveness (Chairman of the Board), Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Alan C Evans
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lesley K Fellows
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Chronic Mental Illness Service, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jian-Yun Nie
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn T Brown
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Georg Northoff
- Chronic Mental Illness Service, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Recognising individuals through their voice requires listeners to form an invariant representation of the speaker's identity, immune to episodic changes that may occur between encounters. We conducted two experiments to investigate to what extent within-speaker stimulus variability influences different behavioural indices of implicit and explicit identity recognition memory, using short sentences with semantically neutral content. In Experiment 1, we assessed how speaker recognition was affected by changes in prosody (fearful to neutral, and vice versa in a between-group design) and speech content. Results revealed that, regardless of encoding prosody, changes in prosody, independent of content, or changes in content, when prosody was kept unchanged, led to a reduced accuracy in explicit voice recognition. In contrast, both groups exhibited the same pattern of response times (RTs) for correctly recognised speakers: faster responses to fearful than neutral stimuli, and a facilitating effect for same-content stimuli only for neutral sentences. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether an invariant representation of a speaker's identity benefitted from exposure to different exemplars varying in emotional prosody (fearful and happy) and content (Multi condition), compared to repeated presentations of a single sentence (Uni condition). We found a significant repetition priming effect (i.e., reduced RTs over repetitions of the same voice identity) only for speakers in the Uni condition during encoding, but faster RTs when correctly recognising old speakers from the Multi, compared to the Uni, condition. Overall, our findings confirm that changes in emotional prosody and/or speech content can affect listeners' implicit and explicit recognition of newly familiarised speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjian Xu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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11
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12
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Jacobacci F, Jovicich J, Lerner G, Amaro E, Armony JL, Doyon J, Della-Maggiore V. Improving Spatial Normalization of Brain Diffusion MRI to Measure Longitudinal Changes of Tissue Microstructure in the Cortex and White Matter. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:766-775. [PMID: 32061044 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) are frequently used to evaluate longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. Recently, there has been a growing interest in identifying experience-dependent plasticity in gray matter using MD. Improving registration has thus become a major goal to enhance the detection of subtle longitudinal changes in cortical microstructure. PURPOSE To optimize normalization of diffusion tensor images (DTI) to improve registration in gray matter and reduce variability associated with multisession registrations. STUDY TYPE Prospective longitudinal study. SUBJECTS Twenty-one healthy subjects (18-31 years old) underwent nine MRI scanning sessions each. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T, diffusion-weighted multiband-accelerated sequence, MP2RAGE sequence. ASSESSMENT Diffusion-weighted images were registered to standard space using different pipelines that varied in the features used for normalization, namely, the nonlinear registration algorithm (FSL vs. ANTs), the registration target (FA-based vs. T1 -based templates), and the use of intermediate individual (FA-based or T1 -based) targets. We compared the across-session test-retest reproducibility error of these normalization approaches for FA and MD in white and gray matter. STATISTICAL TESTS Reproducibility errors were compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with pipeline as the within-subject factor. RESULTS The registration of FA data to the FMRIB58 FA atlas using ANTs yielded lower reproducibility errors in white matter (P < 0.0001) with respect to FSL. Moreover, using the MNI152 T1 template as the target of registration resulted in lower reproducibility errors for MD (P < 0.0001), whereas the FMRIB58 FA template performed better for FA (P < 0.0001). Finally, the use of an intermediate individual template improved reproducibility when registration of the FA images to the MNI152 T1 was carried out within modality (FA-FA) (P < 0.05), but not via a T1 -based individual template. DATA CONCLUSION A normalization approach using ANTs to register FA images to the MNI152 T1 template via an individual FA template minimized test-retest reproducibility errors both for gray and white matter. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:766-775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Jacobacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de fisiología y biofísica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Houssay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Lerner
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de fisiología y biofísica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Houssay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edson Amaro
- PISA, LIM-44, Instituto de Radiologia, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de fisiología y biofísica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Houssay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Whitehead JC, Armony JL. Multivariate fMRI pattern analysis of fear perception across modalities. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C. Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- BRAMS LaboratoryCentre for Research on Brain, Language and Music Montreal Quebec Canada
- Integrated Program in NeuroscienceMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jorge L. Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun Quebec Canada
- BRAMS LaboratoryCentre for Research on Brain, Language and Music Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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Chadwick M, Metzler H, Tijus C, Armony JL, Grèzes J. Stimulus and observer characteristics jointly determine the relevance of threatening facial expressions and their interaction with attention. Motiv Emot 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Whitehead JC, Armony JL. Singing in the brain: Neural representation of music and voice as revealed by fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4913-4924. [PMID: 30120854 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquity of music across cultures as a means of emotional expression, and its proposed evolutionary relation to speech, motivated researchers to attempt a characterization of its neural representation. Several neuroimaging studies have reported that specific regions in the anterior temporal lobe respond more strongly to music than to other auditory stimuli, including spoken voice. Nonetheless, because most studies have employed instrumental music, which has important acoustic distinctions from human voice, questions still exist as to the specificity of the observed "music-preferred" areas. Here, we sought to address this issue by testing 24 healthy young adults with fast, high-resolution fMRI, to record neural responses to a large and varied set of musical stimuli, which, critically, included a capella singing, as well as purely instrumental excerpts. Our results confirmed that music; vocal or instrumental, preferentially engaged regions in the superior STG, particularly in the anterior planum polare, bilaterally. In contrast, human voice, either spoken or sung, activated more strongly a large area along the superior temporal sulcus. Findings were consistent between univariate and multivariate analyses, as well as with the use of a "silent" sparse acquisition sequence that minimizes any potential influence of scanner noise on the resulting activations. Activity in music-preferred regions could not be accounted for by any basic acoustic parameter tested, suggesting these areas integrate, likely in a nonlinear fashion, a combination of acoustic attributes that, together, result in the perceived musicality of the stimuli, consistent with proposed hierarchical processing of complex auditory information within the temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada.,BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada.,BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Hawco C, Armony JL, Daskalakis ZJ, Berlim MT, Chakravarty MM, Pike GB, Lepage M. Differing Time of Onset of Concurrent TMS-fMRI during Associative Memory Encoding: A Measure of Dynamic Connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:404. [PMID: 28855865 PMCID: PMC5557775 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a distinct shift in neuroimaging from localization of function into a more network based approach focused on connectivity. While fMRI has proven very fruitful for this, the hemodynamic signal is inherently slow which limits the temporal resolution of fMRI-only connectivity measures. The brain, however, works on a time scale of milliseconds. This study utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-fMRI in a novel way to obtain measures of dynamic connectivity by measuring changes in fMRI signal amplitude in regions distal to the site of stimulation following differing TMS onset times. Seventeen healthy subjects completed an associative memory encoding task known to involve the DLPFC, viewing pairs of objects which could be semantically related or unrelated. Three pulses of 10 Hz repetitive TMS were applied over the left DLPFC starting either at 200, 600, or 1000 ms after stimulus onset. Associations for related pairs were better remembered than unrelated pairs in a post-scan cued recall test. Differences in neural activity were assessed across different TMS onsets, separately for related and unrelated pairs. Time specific TMS effects were observed in several regions, including those associated with higher-level processing (lateral frontal, anterior cingulate), visual areas (occipital), and regions involved in semantic processing (e.g., left mid-temporal and medial frontal). Activity in the frontal cortex was decreased at 200 ms post-stimulus for unrelated pairs, and 1000 ms post-stimulus for related pairs. This suggests differences in the timing across conditions in which the DLFPC interacts with other PFC regions, consistent with the notion that the DLPFC is facilitating extended semantic processing for related items. This study demonstrates that time-varying TMS onset inside the MRI can be used to reliably measure fast dynamic connectivity with a temporal resolution in the hundreds of milliseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Marcelo T Berlim
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada
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17
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Nolden S, Rigoulot S, Jolicoeur P, Armony JL. Effects of musical expertise on oscillatory brain activity in response to emotional sounds. Neuropsychologia 2017; 103:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Maheux M, Bisaillon-Sicotte É, Tabrizi S, Armony JL, Lina JM, Jolicoeur P. Optimal measurements of hemodynamic response latency in fNIRS using the jackknife approach. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:62-73. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Maheux
- Department of Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC); Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM); Montréal Québec Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain; Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS); Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Étienne Bisaillon-Sicotte
- Department of Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC); Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM); Montréal Québec Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain; Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS); Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Shirin Tabrizi
- International Laboratory for Brain; Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS); Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Psychology; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jorge L. Armony
- International Laboratory for Brain; Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS); Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Psychology; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- École de technologies supérieures (ETS); Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Pierre Jolicoeur
- Department of Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC); Montréal Québec Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM); Montréal Québec Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain; Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS); Montréal Québec Canada
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19
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Rigoulot S, Armony JL. Early selectivity for vocal and musical sounds: electrophysiological evidence from an adaptation paradigm. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2786-2794. [PMID: 27600697 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in characterizing the neural basis of music perception and, in particular, assessing how similar, or not, it is to that of speech. To further explore this question, we employed an EEG adaptation paradigm in which we compared responses to short sounds belonging to the same category, either speech (pseudo-sentences) or music (piano or violin), depending on whether they were immediately preceded by a same- or different-category sound. We observed a larger reduction in the N100 component magnitude in response to musical sounds when they were preceded by music (either the same or different instrument) than by speech. In contrast, the N100 amplitude was not affected by the preceding stimulus category in the case of speech. For P200 component, we observed a diminution of amplitude when speech sounds were preceded speech, compared to music. No such decrease was found when we compared the responses to music sounds. These differences in the processing of speech and music are consistent with the proposal that some degree of category selectivity for these two classes of complex stimuli already occurs at early stages of auditory processing, possibly subserved by partly separated neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rigoulot
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Chochol
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Belin
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging and Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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21
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Corsi-Cabrera M, Velasco F, Del Río-Portilla Y, Armony JL, Trejo-Martínez D, Guevara MA, Velasco AL. Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:576-582. [PMID: 27146713 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The amygdaloid complex plays a crucial role in processing emotional signals and in the formation of emotional memories. Neuroimaging studies have shown human amygdala activation during rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Stereotactically implanted electrodes for presurgical evaluation in epileptic patients provide a unique opportunity to directly record amygdala activity. The present study analysed amygdala activity associated with REM sleep eye movements on the millisecond scale. We propose that phasic activation associated with rapid eye movements may provide the amygdala with endogenous excitation during REM sleep. Standard polysomnography and stereo-electroencephalograph (SEEG) were recorded simultaneously during spontaneous sleep in the left amygdala of four patients. Time-frequency analysis and absolute power of gamma activity were obtained for 250 ms time windows preceding and following eye movement onset in REM sleep, and in spontaneous waking eye movements in the dark. Absolute power of the 44-48 Hz band increased significantly during the 250 ms time window after REM sleep rapid eye movements onset, but not during waking eye movements. Transient activation of the amygdala provides physiological support for the proposed participation of the amygdala in emotional expression, in the emotional content of dreams and for the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories during REM sleep, as well as for next-day emotional regulation, and its possible role in the bidirectional interaction between REM sleep and such sleep disorders as nightmares, anxiety and post-traumatic sleep disorder. These results provide unique, direct evidence of increased activation of the human amygdala time-locked to REM sleep rapid eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Corsi-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Sueño, Facultad de Psicología, Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México.
| | - Francisco Velasco
- Clínica de Epilepsia, Unidad de Neurocirugía Funcional, Estereotaxia y Radiocirugía, Hospital General de México, México, México
| | - Yolanda Del Río-Portilla
- Laboratorio de Sueño, Facultad de Psicología, Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Trejo-Martínez
- Clínica de Epilepsia, Unidad de Neurocirugía Funcional, Estereotaxia y Radiocirugía, Hospital General de México, México, México
| | - Miguel A Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, México
| | - Ana L Velasco
- Clínica de Epilepsia, Unidad de Neurocirugía Funcional, Estereotaxia y Radiocirugía, Hospital General de México, México, México
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22
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Abstract
Neural overlap in processing music and speech, as measured by the co-activation of brain regions in neuroimaging studies, may suggest that parts of the neural circuitries established for language may have been recycled during evolution for musicality, or vice versa that musicality served as a springboard for language emergence. Such a perspective has important implications for several topics of general interest besides evolutionary origins. For instance, neural overlap is an important premise for the possibility of music training to influence language acquisition and literacy. However, neural overlap in processing music and speech does not entail sharing neural circuitries. Neural separability between music and speech may occur in overlapping brain regions. In this paper, we review the evidence and outline the issues faced in interpreting such neural data, and argue that converging evidence from several methodologies is needed before neural overlap is taken as evidence of sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory of Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), and Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Vuvan
- International Laboratory of Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), and Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Élaine Lagrois
- International Laboratory of Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), and Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge L Armony
- International Laboratory of Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), and Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) is associated with emotion dysregulation. However, experimentally controlled studies of emotion regulation (ER), particularly those examining the brain correlates of the putative deficits, are scarce and their results inconsistent. METHOD Nineteen euthymic BD-I patients and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a visual ER 2 × 2 factorial task, with instruction (Look or Decrease) and valence (Negative or Neutral) as within-subject factors. Emotional ratings were collected after each picture presentation to assess regulation success. RESULTS BD-I patients were successful at downregulating their emotions, although to a lesser degree than HC. Both groups engaged brain regions previously implicated in ER; however, unlike HC, patients engaged some of those regions, particularly the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in the Negative Look and Neutral Decrease conditions. Moreover, patients failed to show the reduced amygdala activation in the Negative Decrease condition observed in HC. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BD-I patients are able to downregulate their emotions when instructed to do so. However, they also appear to engage their ER network, particularly the VLPFC, even when not required to do so. These findings may help explain their often-reported difficulty in regulating emotions in everyday life despite their attempts to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Corbalán
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute,Montreal,Canada
| | - S Beaulieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute,Montreal,Canada
| | - J L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute,Montreal,Canada
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Rigoulot S, Pell MD, Armony JL. Time course of the influence of musical expertise on the processing of vocal and musical sounds. Neuroscience 2015; 290:175-84. [PMID: 25637804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that different cerebral regions preferentially process human voice and music. Yet, little is known on the temporal course of the brain processes that decode the category of sounds and how the expertise in one sound category can impact these processes. To address this question, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 15 musicians and 18 non-musicians while they were listening to short musical excerpts (piano and violin) and vocal stimuli (speech and non-linguistic vocalizations). The task of the participants was to detect noise targets embedded within the stream of sounds. Event-related potentials revealed an early differentiation of sound category, within the first 100 ms after the onset of the sound, with mostly increased responses to musical sounds. Importantly, this effect was modulated by the musical background of participants, as musicians were more responsive to music sounds than non-musicians, consistent with the notion that musical training increases sensitivity to music. In late temporal windows, brain responses were enhanced in response to vocal stimuli, but musicians were still more responsive to music. These results shed new light on the temporal course of neural dynamics of auditory processing and reveal how it is impacted by the stimulus category and the expertise of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rigoulot
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M D Pell
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Canada
| | - J L Armony
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Angulo-Perkins A, Aubé W, Peretz I, Barrios FA, Armony JL, Concha L. Music listening engages specific cortical regions within the temporal lobes: differences between musicians and non-musicians. Cortex 2014; 59:126-37. [PMID: 25173956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Music and speech are two of the most relevant and common sounds in the human environment. Perceiving and processing these two complex acoustical signals rely on a hierarchical functional network distributed throughout several brain regions within and beyond the auditory cortices. Given their similarities, the neural bases for processing these two complex sounds overlap to a certain degree, but particular brain regions may show selectivity for one or the other acoustic category, which we aimed to identify. We examined 53 subjects (28 of them professional musicians) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), using a paradigm designed to identify regions showing increased activity in response to different types of musical stimuli, compared to different types of complex sounds, such as speech and non-linguistic vocalizations. We found a region in the anterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) (planum polare) that showed preferential activity in response to musical stimuli and was present in all our subjects, regardless of musical training, and invariant across different musical instruments (violin, piano or synthetic piano). Our data show that this cortical region is preferentially involved in processing musical, as compared to other complex sounds, suggesting a functional role as a second-order relay, possibly integrating acoustic characteristics intrinsic to music (e.g., melody extraction). Moreover, we assessed whether musical experience modulates the response of cortical regions involved in music processing and found evidence of functional differences between musicians and non-musicians during music listening. In particular, bilateral activation of the planum polare was more prevalent, but not exclusive, in musicians than non-musicians, and activation of the right posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus (planum temporale) differed between groups. Our results provide evidence of functional specialization for music processing in specific regions of the auditory cortex and show domain-specific functional differences possibly correlated with musicianship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Angulo-Perkins
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - William Aubé
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound (BRAMS), Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound (BRAMS), Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge L Armony
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound (BRAMS), Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Douglas Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luis Concha
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Querétaro, Querétaro, México; International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound (BRAMS), Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Aubé W, Angulo-Perkins A, Peretz I, Concha L, Armony JL. Fear across the senses: brain responses to music, vocalizations and facial expressions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:399-407. [PMID: 24795437 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic emotional expressions such as those communicated by faces and vocalizations have been shown to engage specific brain regions, such as the amygdala. Although music constitutes another powerful means to express emotions, the neural substrates involved in its processing remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown whether brain regions typically associated with processing 'biologically relevant' emotional expressions are also recruited by emotional music. To address this question, we conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 47 healthy volunteers in which we directly compared responses to basic emotions (fear, sadness and happiness, as well as neutral) expressed through faces, non-linguistic vocalizations and short novel musical excerpts. Our results confirmed the importance of fear in emotional communication, as revealed by significant blood oxygen level-dependent signal increased in a cluster within the posterior amygdala and anterior hippocampus, as well as in the posterior insula across all three domains. Moreover, subject-specific amygdala responses to fearful music and vocalizations were correlated, consistent with the proposal that the brain circuitry involved in the processing of musical emotions might be shared with the one that have evolved for vocalizations. Overall, our results show that processing of fear expressed through music, engages some of the same brain areas known to be crucial for detecting and evaluating threat-related information.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Aubé
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Arafat Angulo-Perkins
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Luis Concha
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Jorge L Armony
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) H2V 4P3, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) H3G 2A8, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada H2V 2S9, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro, Mexico C.P. 76230 and Department of Psychiatry and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased cortical thickness in frontal and temporal regions has been observed in individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared to healthy controls and trauma-exposed participants without PTSD. In addition, individual differences, both functional and structural, in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been shown to predict symptom severity reduction. Although there is some evidence suggesting that activity in this region changes as a function of recovery, it remains unknown whether there are any structural correlates of recovery from PTSD. METHOD Thirty participants suffering from moderate to severe PTSD underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan following an initial clinical assessment. A second assessment took place 6-9 months later. In addition, a subgroup of 25 participants completed a second MRI scan at that time. PTSD symptom severity changes over time were regressed against vertex-based cortical thickness. RESULTS We found that cortical thickness in the right subgenual ACC (sgACC) predicted symptom improvement. Moreover, cortical thickness within this region of the ACC, measured 6-9 months later (n = 25), was also correlated with the same measure of symptom improvement. By contrast, no relationship was found between change in cortical thickness in this area and current PTSD symptom levels or degree of recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sgACC thickness may be a stable marker of recovery potential in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Dickie
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Domínguez-Borràs J, Armony JL, Maravita A, Driver J, Vuilleumier P. Partial recovery of visual extinction by pavlovian conditioning in a patient with hemispatial neglect. Cortex 2013; 49:891-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Music is a powerful tool for communicating emotions which can elicit memories through associative mechanisms. However, it is currently unknown whether emotion can modulate memory for music without reference to a context or personal event. We conducted three experiments to investigate the effect of basic emotions (fear, happiness, and sadness) on recognition memory for music, using short, novel stimuli explicitly created for research purposes, and compared them with nonlinguistic vocalisations. Results showed better memory accuracy for musical clips expressing fear and, to some extent, happiness. In the case of nonlinguistic vocalisations we confirmed a memory advantage for all emotions tested. A correlation between memory accuracy for music and vocalisations was also found, particularly in the case of fearful expressions. These results confirm that emotional expressions, particularly fearful ones, conveyed by music can influence memory as has been previously shown for other forms of expressions, such as faces and vocalisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Aubé
- a International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) , Montreal , Canada
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30
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Hawco C, Armony JL, Lepage M. Neural activity related to self-initiating elaborative semantic encoding in associative memory. Neuroimage 2013; 67:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Substantial advances in our understanding of the neural bases of emotional processing have been made over the past decades. Overall, studies in humans and other animals highlight the key role of the amygdala in the detection and evaluation of stimuli with affective value. Nonetheless, contradictory findings have been reported, especially in terms of the exact role of this structure in the processing of different emotions, giving rise to different neural models of emotion. For instance, although the amygdala has traditionally been considered as exclusively involved in fear (and possibly anger), more recent work suggests that it may be important for processing other types of emotions, and even nonemotional information. A review of the main findings in this field is presented here, together with some of the hypotheses that have been put forward to interpret this literature and explain its inconsistencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Armony
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Canada
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Grèzes J, Adenis MS, Pouga L, Armony JL. Self-relevance modulates brain responses to angry body expressions. Cortex 2012; 49:2210-20. [PMID: 23039996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a social context, the direction of the body of surrounding agents indicates whether one is the potential target of an impending action or simply an observer, and thus influences the way one processes and reacts to their emotional expressions. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment investigated how self-relevance influences anger processing in the brain by independently manipulating target (oriented to self or to other) and emotion (neutral and anger). The perception of body expression of anger elicits activity in a previously identified network that includes the amygdala, the fusiform gyrus, the superior temporal sulcus and the premotor cortex. Activity within this network is independent of body direction and is parametrically modulated by the intensity of the bodily emotional expression. Moreover, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortices responded preferentially to anger expressions oriented to self. We suggest that these brain areas may participate in the selection of specific behavioural strategies when one is the potential target of someone's anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Grèzes
- LNC-INSERM U960 - IEC-Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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34
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Rosales-Lagarde A, Armony JL, del Río-Portilla Y, Trejo-Martínez D, Conde R, Corsi-Cabrera M. Enhanced emotional reactivity after selective REM sleep deprivation in humans: an fMRI study. Front Behav Neurosci 2012; 6:25. [PMID: 22719723 PMCID: PMC3376727 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from animal and human studies suggest that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep modulates emotional processing. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of selective REM sleep deprivation (REM-D) on emotional responses to threatening visual stimuli and their brain correlates using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: selective REM-D, by awakening them at each REM sleep onset, or non-rapid eye movement sleep interruptions (NREM-I) as control for potential non-specific effects of awakenings and lack of sleep. In a within-subject design, a visual emotional reactivity task was performed in the scanner before and 24 h after sleep manipulation. Behaviorally, emotional reactivity was enhanced relative to baseline (BL) in the REM deprived group only. In terms of fMRI signal, there was, as expected, an overall decrease in activity in the NREM-I group when subjects performed the task the second time, particularly in regions involved in emotional processing, such as occipital and temporal areas, as well as in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, involved in top-down emotion regulation. In contrast, activity in these areas remained the same level or even increased in the REM-D group, compared to their BL level. Taken together, these results suggest that lack of REM sleep in humans is associated with enhanced emotional reactivity, both at behavioral and neural levels, and thus highlight the specific role of REM sleep in regulating the neural substrates for emotional responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde
- Faculty of Psychology, Laboratory of Sleep, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico DF, México
| | - Jorge L. Armony
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Yolanda del Río-Portilla
- Faculty of Psychology, Laboratory of Sleep, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico DF, México
| | - David Trejo-Martínez
- Module of Neuroimage and Cognition, Hospital Ángeles del PedregalMexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Conde
- Module of Neuroimage and Cognition, Hospital Ángeles del PedregalMexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Corsi-Cabrera
- Faculty of Psychology, Laboratory of Sleep, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico DF, México
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Marroquin JL, Biscay RJ, Ruiz-Correa S, Alba A, Ramirez R, Armony JL. Morphology-based hypothesis testing in discrete random fields: a non-parametric method to address the multiple-comparison problem in neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2012; 59:3061-74. [PMID: 22351954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for detecting activations in random fields, which may be useful for addressing the issue of multiple comparisons in neuroimaging, is presented. This method is based on some constructs of mathematical morphology--specifically, morphological erosions and dilations--that enable the detection of active regions in random fields possessing moderate activation levels and relatively large spatial extension, which may not be detected by the standard methods that control the family-wise error rate. The method presented here permits an appropriate control of the false positive errors, without having to adjust any threshold values, other than the significance level. The method is easily adapted to permutation-based procedures (with the usual restrictions), and therefore does not require strong assumptions about the distribution and spatio-temporal correlation structure of the data. Some examples of applications to synthetic data, including realistic fMRI simulations, as well as to real fMRI and electroencephalographic data are presented, illustrating the power of the presented technique. Comparisons with other methods that combine voxel intensity and cluster size, as well as some extensions of the method presented here based on their basic ideas are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Marroquin
- Center for Research in Mathematics (CIMAT), Apartado Postal 402, Guanajuato, Gto. 36000, Mexico
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36
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Marroquin JL, Biscay RJ, Ruiz-Correa S, Alba A, Ramirez R, Armony JL. Erratum to “Morphology-based hypothesis testing in discrete random fields: A non-parametric method to address the multiple-comparison problem in neuroimaging” [NeuroImage 56/4 (2011) 1954–1967]. Neuroimage 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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37
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Urbán M, Trejo D, Núñez JM, Velasco AL, Carrillo-Ruíz JD, Velasco F, Armony JL. Memory for facial expressions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Preliminary findings. Estudios de Psicología 2012. [DOI: 10.1174/021093912799803827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Urbán
- Hospital General de México (México)
- Universidad Anahuac México Norte (México)
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Lepage M, Sergerie K, Benoit A, Czechowska Y, Dickie E, Armony JL. Emotional face processing and flat affect in schizophrenia: functional and structural neural correlates. Psychol Med 2011; 41:1833-1844. [PMID: 21284912 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a general consensus in the literature that schizophrenia causes difficulties with facial emotion perception and discrimination. Functional brain imaging studies have observed reduced limbic activity during facial emotion perception but few studies have examined the relation to flat affect severity. METHOD A total of 26 people with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls took part in this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Sad, happy and neutral faces were presented in a pseudo-random order and participants indicated the gender of the face presented. Manual segmentation of the amygdala was performed on a structural T1 image. RESULTS Both the schizophrenia group and the healthy control group rated the emotional valence of facial expressions similarly. Both groups exhibited increased brain activity during the perception of emotional faces relative to neutral ones in multiple brain regions, including multiple prefrontal regions bilaterally, the right amygdala, right cingulate cortex and cuneus. Group comparisons, however, revealed increased activity in the healthy group in the anterior cingulate, right parahippocampal gyrus and multiple visual areas. In schizophrenia, the severity of flat affect correlated significantly with neural activity in several brain areas including the amygdala and parahippocampal region bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that many of the brain regions involved in emotional face perception, including the amygdala, are equally recruited in both schizophrenia and controls, but flat affect can also moderate activity in some other brain regions, notably in the left amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally. There were no significant group differences in the volume of the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada.
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39
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Dickie EW, Brunet A, Akerib V, Armony JL. Neural correlates of recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder: A longitudinal fMRI investigation of memory encoding. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marroquin JL, Biscay RJ, Ruiz-Correa S, Alba A, Ramirez R, Armony JL. Morphology-based hypothesis testing in discrete random fields: a non-parametric method to address the multiple-comparison problem in neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1954-67. [PMID: 21497660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for detecting activations in random fields, which may be useful for addressing the issue of multiple comparisons in neuroimaging, is presented. This method is based on some constructs of mathematical morphology - specifically, morphological erosions and dilations - that enable the detection of active regions in random fields possessing moderate activation levels and relatively large spatial extension, which may not be detected by the standard methods that control the family-wise error rate. The method presented here permits an appropriate control of the false positive errors, without having to adjust any threshold values, other than the significance level. The method is easily adapted to permutation-based procedures (with the usual restrictions), and therefore does not require strong assumptions about the distribution and spatio-temporal correlation structure of the data. Some examples of applications to synthetic data, including realistic fMRI simulations, as well as to real fMRI and electroencephalographic data are presented, illustrating the power of the presented technique. Comparisons with other methods that combine voxel intensity and cluster size, as well as some extensions of the method presented here based on their basic ideas are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Marroquin
- Center for Research in Mathematics (CIMAT), Apartado Postal 402, Guanajuato, Gto. 36000, Mexico
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41
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González-García N, Armony JL, Soto J, Trejo D, Alegría MA, Drucker-Colín R. Effects of rTMS on Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal fMRI study. J Neurol 2011; 258:1268-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-5923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
We recently showed that, in healthy individuals, emotional expression influences memory for faces both in terms of accuracy and, critically, in memory response bias (tendency to classify stimuli as previously seen or not, regardless of whether this was the case). Although schizophrenia has been shown to be associated with deficit in episodic memory and emotional processing, the relation between these processes in this population remains unclear. Here, we used our previously validated paradigm to directly investigate the modulation of emotion on memory recognition. Twenty patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of recognition memory of happy, sad, and neutral faces. Brain activity associated with the response bias was obtained by correlating this measure with the contrast subjective old (ie, hits and false alarms) minus subjective new (misses and correct rejections) for sad and happy expressions. Although patients exhibited an overall lower memory performance than controls, they showed the same effects of emotion on memory, both in terms of accuracy and bias. For sad faces, the similar behavioral pattern between groups was mirrored by a largely overlapping neural network, mostly involved in familiarity-based judgments (eg, parahippocampal gyrus). In contrast, controls activated a much larger set of regions for happy faces, including areas thought to underlie recollection-based memory retrieval (eg, superior frontal gyrus and hippocampus) and in novelty detection (eg, amygdala). This study demonstrates that, despite an overall lower memory accuracy, emotional memory is intact in schizophrenia, although emotion-specific differences in brain activation exist, possibly reflecting different strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin Lepage
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, F.B.C. Pavilion, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; tel: +1-514-761-6131, ext. 4393, fax: +1-514-888-4064, e-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined how individual differences in trait anxiety (TA) influence the neural responses associated with the acquisition and extinction of anticipatory anxiety elicited through a context conditioning paradigm, with particular focus on the amygdala and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). METHOD During two sessions of echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 18 healthy volunteers completed a decision-making task with two randomly alternating 28-s to 32-s background screen colour blocks. One of the colours was associated with the presentation of an aversive noise (CTX+) and the other colour was 'safe' (CTX-). In the first session (Acquisition), 33% of CTX+ colour blocks were paired with noise and in the second session (Extinction) no noise was presented. RESULTS The amygdala displayed an increased response to CTX+ compared to CTX- colour blocks during the Acquisition and Extinction sessions and the ACC displayed an increased response to CTX+ compared to CTX- colour blocks during Extinction only. In addition, a greater conditioned response (CTX+ minus CTX-) was observed in the ACC when comparing the Extinction and Acquisition sessions. Correlation analyses further showed that higher levels of TA were associated with a higher conditioned response in the amygdala during Extinction as well as a greater differential conditioned response (i.e. Extinction>Acquisition) in the ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea that individuals with high levels of anxiety-relevant traits and vulnerable to developing an anxiety disorder display a more resilient anxiety response during extinction that is characterized by hyper-responsivity in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrett
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Belin P, Fecteau S, Charest I, Nicastro N, Hauser MD, Armony JL. Human cerebral response to animal affective vocalizations. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:473-81. [PMID: 18077254 PMCID: PMC2596811 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is presently unknown whether our response to affective vocalizations is specific to those generated by humans or more universal, triggered by emotionally matched vocalizations generated by other species. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in normal participants to measure cerebral activity during auditory stimulation with affectively valenced animal vocalizations, some familiar (cats) and others not (rhesus monkeys). Positively versus negatively valenced vocalizations from cats and monkeys elicited different cerebral responses despite the participants' inability to differentiate the valence of these animal vocalizations by overt behavioural responses. Moreover, the comparison with human non-speech affective vocalizations revealed a common response to the valence in orbitofrontal cortex, a key component on the limbic system. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms involved in processing human affective vocalizations may be recruited by heterospecific affective vocalizations at an unconscious level, supporting claims of shared emotional systems across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Belin
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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45
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Dickie EW, Brunet A, Akerib V, Armony JL. An fMRI investigation of memory encoding in PTSD: influence of symptom severity. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:1522-31. [PMID: 18321537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown memory deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, as well as abnormal patterns of brain activity, especially when retrieving trauma-related information. This study extended previous findings by investigating the neural correlates of successful memory encoding of trauma-unrelated stimuli and their relationship with PTSD symptom severity. We used the subsequent memory paradigm, in the context of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, in 27 PTSD patients to identify the brain regions involved in the encoding of fearful and neutral faces. Symptom severity was assessed by the Clinically Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) scores. It was found that memory performance was negatively correlated with CAPS scores. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between CAPS scores and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity elicited by the subsequently forgotten faces. Finally, symptom severity predicted the contribution of the amygdala to the successful encoding of fearful faces. These results confirm the roles of the vmPFC and the amygdala in PTSD and highlight the importance of taking into account individual differences when assessing the behavioural and neural correlates of the disorder.
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Dickie EW, Armony JL. Amygdala responses to unattended fearful faces: Interaction between sex and trait anxiety. Psychiatry Res 2008; 162:51-7. [PMID: 18068954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trait anxiety and sex have been shown to separately account for some of the observed individual differences in amygdala responses to emotional stimuli, but the combined effect of both factors remains unknown. In this fMRI study, participants varying in trait anxiety scores viewed a series of superimposed face/scene composite images (containing fearful or neutral faces) and were instructed to direct attention to either the face or the scene content. We observed an interaction between sex and trait anxiety in amygdala responses to fearful faces as a function of attention. In females, higher trait anxiety was associated with a stronger amygdala response to unattended fearful faces, whereas no such relationship was present in males. This observed interaction between sex and individual differences in trait anxiety at the level of the brain may have clinical implications for a better understanding of the higher incidence of anxiety disorders in women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Dickie
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Sergerie K, Lepage M, Armony JL. Influence of emotional expression on memory recognition bias: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:1126-33. [PMID: 17543896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of the influence of emotion on memory performance have focused on accuracy. However, there is evidence that emotion can influence other aspects of memory, in particular response bias (overall tendency to classify items as new or old regardless of the accuracy of the response). Here we investigated the behavioral and neural-related modulation of response bias by emotion. METHODS Nineteen healthy individuals performed a recognition memory task on faces with happy, sad, and neutral expressions while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS We observed a familiarity (tendency to say "old") and novelty (tendency to say "new") bias for sad and happy faces, respectively. Novelty response bias was associated with amygdala and prefrontal cortex activity, whereas familiarity bias correlated with superior temporal gyrus activation. CONCLUSIONS These results show that emotional expressions can have an influence on memory beyond simple accuracy and that this effect is in part mediated by the amygdala, a region previously implicated in emotional perception and memory. Our findings might have important clinical relevance, because they could help explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature regarding emotional memory deficits in psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sergerie
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
The amygdala is known to be critical for the enhancement of memory for emotional, especially negative, material. Importantly, some researchers have suggested a sex-specific hemispheric lateralization in this process. In the case of facial expressions, another important factor that could influence memory success is the sex of the face, which could interact with the emotion depicted as well as with the sex of the perceiver. Whether this is the case remains unknown, as all previous studies of sex difference in emotional memory have employed affective pictures. Here we directly explored this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a subsequent memory paradigm for facial expressions (fearful, happy and neutral). Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that the hemispheric laterality of the amygdala involvement in successful memory for emotional material was influenced not only by the sex of the subjects, as previously proposed, but also by the sex of the faces being remembered. Namely, the left amygdala was more active for successfully remembered female fearful faces in women, whereas in men the right amygdala was more involved in memory for male fearful faces. These results confirm the existence of sex differences in amygdala lateralization in emotional memory but also demonstrate a subtle relationship between the observer and the stimulus in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Fecteau S, Belin P, Joanette Y, Armony JL. Amygdala responses to nonlinguistic emotional vocalizations. Neuroimage 2007; 36:480-7. [PMID: 17442593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas there is ample evidence for a role of the amygdala in the processing of visual emotional stimuli, particularly those with negative value, discrepant results have been reported regarding amygdala responses to emotional auditory stimuli. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate cerebral activity underlying processing of emotional nonlinguistic vocalizations, with a particular focus on neural changes in the amygdala. Fourteen healthy volunteers were scanned while performing a gender identification task. Stimuli, previously validated on emotional valence, consisted of positive (happiness and sexual pleasure) and negative (sadness and fear) vocalizations, as well as emotionally neutral sounds (e.g., coughs). Results revealed bilateral amygdala activation in response to all emotional vocalizations when compared to neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that the generally accepted involvement of the amygdala in the perception of emotional visual stimuli, such as facial expressions, also applies to stimuli within the auditory modality. Importantly, this amygdala response was observed for both positive and negative emotional vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Fecteau
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, and Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.
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Abstract
The interaction between emotion and cognition is thought to be intimately involved in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. In a set of studies, we investigated whether trait anxiety modulates cognitive performance and autonomic activity during an anticipatory anxiety task. Participants completed a letter-size decision-making task with two alternating 28-32 s background screen color-blocks. One of the colors was associated with the presentation of an aversive noise [unconditioned stimulus (UCS)]. Participants were aware of the background color that would (CTX+) and would not (CTX-) be paired with the UCS but did not know when or how often the UCS would be presented. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, the UCS was presented during the decision-making task in the CTX+ color-blocks using a partial reinforcement schedule. Different noises were presented each time to increase unpredictability and prevent habituation. In Experiment 2, the UCS was never presented during the decision-making task. Results suggested that only the paradigm used in Experiment 1 was successful in eliciting anticipatory anxiety. In Experiment 1, continuously measured skin conductance response (SCR) data suggested that anxiety was significantly greater during CTX+ compared to CTX- trials; no SCR differences were found between high and low trait-anxious participants. Results further indicated that high trait-anxious participants responded significantly faster on the decision-making task during CTX+ compared to CTX- trials, whereas low trait-anxious participants displayed the opposite pattern. Our results reveal an interesting dissociation between the effects of individual differences in trait anxiety on autonomic activity and cognitive performance during an anticipatory anxiety task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Barrett
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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