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Creed HA, Kannan S, Tate BL, Godefroy D, Banerjee P, Mitchell BM, Brakenhielm E, Chakraborty S, Rutkowski JM. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies Response of Renal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Acute Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:549-565. [PMID: 38506705 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The renal lymphatic vasculature and the lymphatic endothelial cells that make up this network play important immunomodulatory roles during inflammation. How lymphatics respond to AKI may affect AKI outcomes. The authors used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize mouse renal lymphatic endothelial cells in quiescent and cisplatin-injured kidneys. Lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression changes were confirmed in ischemia-reperfusion injury and in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells, validating renal lymphatic endothelial cells single-cell RNA sequencing data. This study is the first to describe renal lymphatic endothelial cell heterogeneity and uncovers molecular pathways demonstrating lymphatic endothelial cells regulate the local immune response to AKI. These findings provide insights into previously unidentified molecular pathways for lymphatic endothelial cells and roles that may serve as potential therapeutic targets in limiting the progression of AKI. BACKGROUND The inflammatory response to AKI likely dictates future kidney health. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis through transport and immunomodulatory roles. Owing to the relative sparsity of lymphatic endothelial cells in the kidney, past sequencing efforts have not characterized these cells and their response to AKI. METHODS Here, we characterized murine renal lymphatic endothelial cell subpopulations by single-cell RNA sequencing and investigated their changes in cisplatin AKI 72 hours postinjury. Data were processed using the Seurat package. We validated our findings by quantitative PCR in lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from both cisplatin-injured and ischemia-reperfusion injury, by immunofluorescence, and confirmation in in vitro human lymphatic endothelial cells. RESULTS We have identified renal lymphatic endothelial cells and their lymphatic vascular roles that have yet to be characterized in previous studies. We report unique gene changes mapped across control and cisplatin-injured conditions. After AKI, renal lymphatic endothelial cells alter genes involved in endothelial cell apoptosis and vasculogenic processes as well as immunoregulatory signaling and metabolism. Differences between injury models were also identified with renal lymphatic endothelial cells further demonstrating changed gene expression between cisplatin and ischemia-reperfusion injury models, indicating the renal lymphatic endothelial cell response is both specific to where they lie in the lymphatic vasculature and the kidney injury type. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we uncover lymphatic vessel structural features of captured populations and injury-induced genetic changes. We further determine that lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression is altered between injury models. How lymphatic endothelial cells respond to AKI may therefore be key in regulating future kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Creed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Saranya Kannan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Brittany L Tate
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - David Godefroy
- Inserm UMR1239 (Nordic Laboratory), UniRouen, Normandy University, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Ebba Brakenhielm
- INSERM EnVI, UMR1096, University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
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Rossitto G, Bertoldi G, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM, Delles C. Sodium, Interstitium, Lymphatics and Hypertension-A Tale of Hydraulics. Hypertension 2024; 81:727-737. [PMID: 38385255 PMCID: PMC10954399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.17942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood pressure is regulated by vascular resistance and intravascular volume. However, exchanges of electrolytes and water between intra and extracellular spaces and filtration of fluid and solutes in the capillary beds blur the separation between intravascular, interstitial and intracellular compartments. Contemporary paradigms of microvascular exchange posit filtration of fluids and solutes along the whole capillary bed and a prominent role of lymphatic vessels, rather than its venous end, for their reabsorption. In the last decade, these concepts have stimulated greater interest in and better understanding of the lymphatic system as one of the master regulators of interstitial volume homeostasis. Here, we describe the anatomy and function of the lymphatic system and focus on its plasticity in relation to the accumulation of interstitial sodium in hypertension. The pathophysiological relevance of the lymphatic system is exemplified in the kidneys, which are crucially involved in the control of blood pressure, but also hypertension-mediated cardiac damage. Preclinical modulation of the lymphatic reserve for tissue drainage has demonstrated promise, but has also generated conflicting results. A better understanding of the hydraulic element of hypertension and the role of lymphatics in maintaining fluid balance can open new approaches to prevent and treat hypertension and its consequences, such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossitto
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED; Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED; Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | | | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Dept. of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
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Kannan S, Rutkowski JM. VEGFR-3 signaling in macrophages: friend or foe in disease? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349500. [PMID: 38464522 PMCID: PMC10921555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have been increasingly appreciated in the context of immunology not only as passive conduits for immune and cancer cell transport but also as key in local tissue immunomodulation. Targeting lymphatic vessel growth and potential immune regulation often takes advantage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) signaling to manipulate lymphatic biology. A receptor tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-3, is highly expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, and its signaling is key in lymphatic growth, development, and survival and, as a result, often considered to be "lymphatic-specific" in adults. A subset of immune cells, notably of the monocyte-derived lineage, have been identified to express VEGFR-3 in tissues from the lung to the gut and in conditions as varied as cancer and chronic kidney disease. These VEGFR-3+ macrophages are highly chemotactic toward the VEGFR-3 ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D. VEGFR-3 signaling has also been implicated in dictating the plasticity of these cells from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Conversely, expression may potentially be transient during monocyte differentiation with unknown effects. Macrophages play critically important and varied roles in the onset and resolution of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and vasculogenesis: targeting lymphatic vessel growth and immunomodulation by manipulating VEGFR-3 signaling may thus impact macrophage biology and their impact on disease pathogenesis. This mini review highlights the studies and pathologies in which VEGFR-3+ macrophages have been specifically identified, as well as the activity and polarization changes that macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling may elicit, and affords some conclusions as to the importance of macrophage VEGFR-3 signaling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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4
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Onodera T, Wang MY, Rutkowski JM, Deja S, Chen S, Balzer MS, Kim DS, Sun X, An YA, Field BC, Lee C, Matsuo EI, Mizerska M, Sanjana I, Fujiwara N, Kusminski CM, Gordillo R, Gautron L, Marciano DK, Hu MC, Burgess SC, Susztak K, Moe OW, Scherer PE. Endogenous renal adiponectin drives gluconeogenesis through enhancing pyruvate and fatty acid utilization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6531. [PMID: 37848446 PMCID: PMC10582045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a secretory protein, primarily produced in adipocytes. However, low but detectable expression of adiponectin can be observed in cell types beyond adipocytes, particularly in kidney tubular cells, but its local renal role is unknown. We assessed the impact of renal adiponectin by utilizing male inducible kidney tubular cell-specific adiponectin overexpression or knockout mice. Kidney-specific adiponectin overexpression induces a doubling of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression and enhanced pyruvate-mediated glucose production, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and an upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of FAO reduces the adiponectin-induced enhancement of glucose production, highlighting the role of FAO in the induction of renal gluconeogenesis. In contrast, mice lacking adiponectin in the kidney exhibit enhanced glucose tolerance, lower utilization and greater accumulation of lipid species. Hence, renal adiponectin is an inducer of gluconeogenesis by driving enhanced local FAO and further underlines the important systemic contribution of renal gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Xuenan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bianca C Field
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ei-Ichi Matsuo
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Ina Sanjana
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Faivre A, Dissard R, Kuo W, Verissimo T, Legouis D, Arnoux G, Heckenmeyer C, Fernandez M, Tihy M, Rajaram RD, Delitsikou V, Le NA, Spingler B, Mueller B, Shulz G, Lindenmeyer M, Cohen C, Rutkowski JM, Moll S, Scholz CC, Kurtcuoglu V, de Seigneux S. Evolution of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor asparaginyl hydroxylase regulation in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2276-2288. [PMID: 37096392 PMCID: PMC10539236 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) during chronic kidney disease (CKD) are much debated. Interventional studies with HIF-α activation in rodents have yielded contradictory results. The HIF pathway is regulated by prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases. While prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is a well-known method to stabilize HIF-α, little is known about the effect asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). METHODS We used a model of progressive proteinuric CKD and a model of obstructive nephropathy with unilateral fibrosis. In these models we assessed hypoxia with pimonidazole and vascularization with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography imaging. We analysed a database of 217 CKD biopsies from stage 1 to 5 and we randomly collected 15 CKD biopsies of various severity degrees to assess FIH expression. Finally, we modulated FIH activity in vitro and in vivo using a pharmacologic approach to assess its relevance in CKD. RESULTS In our model of proteinuric CKD, we show that early CKD stages are not characterized by hypoxia or HIF activation. At late CKD stages, some areas of hypoxia are observed, but these are not colocalizing with fibrosis. In mice and in humans, we observed a downregulation of the HIF pathway, together with an increased FIH expression in CKD, according to its severity. Modulating FIH in vitro affects cellular metabolism, as described previously. In vivo, pharmacologic FIH inhibition increases the glomerular filtration rate of control and CKD animals and is associated with decreased development of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The causative role of hypoxia and HIF activation in CKD progression is questioned. A pharmacological approach of FIH downregulation seems promising in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Willy Kuo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Arnoux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renuga D Rajaram
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc An Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bert Mueller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Shulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Micro- and Nanotomography Core Facility, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Creed HA, Kannan S, Tate BL, Banerjee P, Mitchell BM, Chakraborty S, Rutkowski JM. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies response of renal lymphatic endothelial cells to acute kidney injury. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.09.544380. [PMID: 37333313 PMCID: PMC10274866 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response to acute kidney injury (AKI) likely dictates future renal health. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis through transport and immunomodulatory roles. Due to the relative sparsity of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the kidney, past sequencing efforts have not characterized these cells and their response to AKI. Here we characterized murine renal LEC subpopulations by single-cell RNA sequencing and investigated their changes in cisplatin AKI. We validated our findings by qPCR in LECs isolated from both cisplatin-injured and ischemia reperfusion injury, by immunofluorescence, and confirmation in in vitro human LECs. We have identified renal LECs and their lymphatic vascular roles that have yet to be characterized in previous studies. We report unique gene changes mapped across control and cisplatin injured conditions. Following AKI, renal LECs alter genes involved endothelial cell apoptosis and vasculogenic processes as well as immunoregulatory signaling and metabolism. Differences between injury models are also identified with renal LECs further demonstrating changed gene expression between cisplatin and ischemia reperfusion injury models, indicating the renal LEC response is both specific to where they lie in the lymphatic vasculature and the renal injury type. How LECs respond to AKI may therefore be key in regulating future kidney disease progression.
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7
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Verissimo T, Dalga D, Arnoux G, Sakhi I, Faivre A, Auwerx H, Bourgeois S, Paolucci D, Gex Q, Rutkowski JM, Legouis D, Wagner CA, Hall AM, de Seigneux S. PCK1 is a key regulator of metabolic and mitochondrial functions in renal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F532-F543. [PMID: 37102687 PMCID: PMC10202477 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1 or PEPCK-C) is a cytosolic enzyme converting oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, with a potential role in gluconeogenesis, ammoniagenesis, and cataplerosis in the liver. Kidney proximal tubule cells display high expression of this enzyme, whose importance is currently not well defined. We generated PCK1 kidney-specific knockout and knockin mice under the tubular cell-specific PAX8 promoter. We studied the effect of PCK1 deletion and overexpression at the renal level on tubular physiology under normal conditions and during metabolic acidosis and proteinuric renal disease. PCK1 deletion led to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis characterized by reduced but not abolished ammoniagenesis. PCK1 deletion also resulted in glycosuria, lactaturia, and altered systemic glucose and lactate metabolism at baseline and during metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis resulted in kidney injury in PCK1-deficient animals with decreased creatinine clearance and albuminuria. PCK1 further regulated energy production by the proximal tubule, and PCK1 deletion decreased ATP generation. In proteinuric chronic kidney disease, mitigation of PCK1 downregulation led to better renal function preservation. PCK1 is essential for kidney tubular cell acid-base control, mitochondrial function, and glucose/lactate homeostasis. Loss of PCK1 increases tubular injury during acidosis. Mitigating kidney tubular PCK1 downregulation during proteinuric renal disease improves renal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) is highly expressed in the proximal tubule. We show here that this enzyme is crucial for the maintenance of normal tubular physiology, lactate, and glucose homeostasis. PCK1 is a regulator of acid-base balance and ammoniagenesis. Preventing PCK1 downregulation during renal injury improves renal function, rendering it an important target during renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delal Dalga
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Arnoux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Imene Sakhi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Auwerx
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Bourgeois
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Paolucci
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Legouis
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Baranwal G, Goodlett BL, Arenaz CM, Creed HA, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz RC, Mitchell BM. Indole Propionic Acid Increases T Regulatory Cells and Decreases T Helper 17 Cells and Blood Pressure in Mice with Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9192. [PMID: 37298145 PMCID: PMC10252743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects over a billion adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have reported that the microbiota and its metabolites regulate hypertension pathophysiology. Recently, tryptophan metabolites have been identified to contribute to and inhibit the progression of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Indole propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan metabolite with reported protective effects in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; however, its involvement in renal immunomodulation and sodium handling in hypertension is unknown. In the current study, targeted metabolomic analysis revealed decreased serum and fecal IPA levels in mice with L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high salt diet-induced hypertension (LSHTN) compared to normotensive control mice. Additionally, kidneys from LSHTN mice had increased T helper 17 (Th17) cells and decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells. Dietary IPA supplementation in LSHTN mice for 3 weeks resulted in decreased systolic blood pressure, along with increased total 24 h and fractional sodium excretion. Kidney immunophenotyping demonstrated decreased Th17 cells and a trend toward increased Treg cells in IPA-supplemented LSHTN mice. In vitro, naïve T cells from control mice were skewed into Th17 or Treg cells. The presence of IPA decreased Th17 cells and increased Treg cells after 3 days. These results identify a direct role for IPA in attenuating renal Th17 cells and increasing Treg cells, leading to improved sodium handling and decreased blood pressure. IPA may be a potential metabolite-based therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Cristina M. Arenaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | | | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA (B.L.G.)
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9
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Chakraborty S, Dixon BJ, Rutkowski JM, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Breslin JW. Lymphatic Pathophysiology. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12806. [PMID: 37078170 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Brandon J Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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10
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An YA, Xiong W, Chen S, Bu D, Rutkowski JM, Berger JP, Kusminski CM, Zhang N, An Z, Scherer PE. Endotrophin neutralization through targeted antibody treatment protects from renal fibrosis in a podocyte ablation model. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101680. [PMID: 36696925 PMCID: PMC9918787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is a hallmark for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and often leads to end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, limited interventions are available clinically to ameliorate or reverse renal fibrosis. METHODS Herein, we evaluated whether blockade of endotrophin through neutralizing antibodies protects from renal fibrosis in the podocyte insult model (the "POD-ATTAC" mouse). We determined the therapeutic effects of endotrophin targeted antibody through assessing renal function, renal inflammation and fibrosis at histological and transcriptional levels, and podocyte regeneration. RESULTS We demonstrated that neutralizing endotrophin antibody treatment significantly ameliorates renal fibrosis at the transcriptional, morphological, and functional levels. In the antibody treatment group, expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes was significantly reduced, normal renal structures were restored, collagen deposition was decreased, and proteinuria and renal function were improved. We further performed a lineage tracing study confirming that podocytes regenerate as de novo podocytes upon injury and loss, and blockade of endotrophin efficiently enhances podocyte-specific marker expressions. CONCLUSION Combined, we provide pre-clinical evidence supporting neutralizing endotrophin as a promising therapy for intervening with renal fibrosis in CKD, and potentially in other chronic fibro-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawei Bu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Joel P Berger
- JP Berger Consulting, 580 Washington Street, #15C, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Phan TT, Chakraborty A, Tatum MA, Lima-Orellana A, Reyna AJ, Rutkowski JM. Increased adipose tissue lymphatic vessel density inhibits thermogenesis through elevated neurotensin levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100788. [PMID: 36776563 PMCID: PMC9911872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During cold exposure, white adipose tissue can remodel to dissipate energy as heat under cold similar to thermogenic brown adipose tissue. This "browning" and the regulation of body temperature is under the control of neural and hormonal signaling. It was recently discovered that neurotensin, a small neuropeptide, not only acts to inhibit thermogenesis, but also that lymphatic vessels may be a surprisingly potent source of neurotensin production. We hypothesized that the induction of adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis would therefore increase tissue neurotensin levels and impair thermogenesis. Methods: We utilized AdipoVD mice that have inducible expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D, a potent lymphangiogenic stimulator, specifically in adipose tissue. Overexpression of VEGF-D induced significant lymphangiogenesis in both white and brown adipose tissues of AdipoVD mice. Results: Obese Adipo-VD mice demonstrated no differences in adipose morphology or browning under room temperature conditions compared to controls but did express significantly higher levels of neurotensin in their adipose tissues. Upon acute cold exposure, AdipoVD mice were markedly cold intolerant; inhibition of neurotensin signaling ameliorated this cold intolerance as AdipoVD mice were then able to maintain body temperature on cold challenge equivalent to their littermates. Conclusion: In total, these data demonstrate that adipose tissue lymphatic vessels are a potent paracrine source of neurotensin and that lymphangiogenesis therefore impairs the tissues' thermogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien T. Phan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adri Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States,Currently the Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Madison A. Tatum
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Ana Lima-Orellana
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Andrea J. Reyna
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Joseph M. Rutkowski,
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12
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Goodlett BL, Balasubbramanian D, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Love SE, Luera EM, Konatham S, Chiasson VL, Wedgeworth S, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis attenuates hypertension in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1759-1772. [PMID: 36345993 PMCID: PMC10586591 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is associated with renal proinflammatory immune cell infiltration and increased sodium retention. We reported previously that renal lymphatic vessels, which are responsible for trafficking immune cells from the interstitial space to draining lymph nodes, increase in density under hypertensive conditions. We also demonstrated that augmenting renal lymphatic density can prevent HTN in mice. Whether renal lymphangiogenesis can treat HTN in mice is unknown. We hypothesized that genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis after the establishment of HTN would attenuate HTN in male and female mice from three different HTN models. METHODS Mice with inducible kidney-specific overexpression of VEGF-D (KidVD) experience renal lymphangiogenesis upon doxycycline administration. HTN was induced in KidVD+ and KidVD- mice by subcutaneous release of angiotensin II, administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, or consumption of a 4% salt diet following a L-NAME priming and washout period. After a week of HTN stimuli treatment, doxycycline was introduced. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings were taken weekly. Kidney function was determined from urine and serum measures. Kidneys were processed for RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and imaging. RESULTS Mice that underwent renal-specific lymphangiogenesis had significantly decreased SBP and renal proinflammatory immune cells. Additionally, renal lymphangiogenesis was associated with a decrease in sodium transporter expression and increased fractional excretion of sodium, indicating improved sodium handling efficiency. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that augmenting renal lymphangiogenesis can treat HTN in male and female mice by improving renal immune cell trafficking and sodium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Sydney E Love
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Emily M Luera
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sunitha Konatham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Valorie L Chiasson
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sophie Wedgeworth
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
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13
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Goldberg AR, Ferguson M, Pal S, Cohen R, Orlicky DJ, McCullough RL, Rutkowski JM, Burchill MA, Tamburini BAJ. Oxidized low density lipoprotein in the liver causes decreased permeability of liver lymphatic- but not liver sinusoidal-endothelial cells via VEGFR-3 regulation of VE-Cadherin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1021038. [PMID: 36338478 PMCID: PMC9626955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature of the liver is vital for liver function as it maintains fluid and protein homeostasis and is important for immune cell transport to the lymph node. Chronic liver disease is associated with increased expression of inflammatory mediators including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Intrahepatic levels of oxLDL are elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and cholestatic liver diseases. To determine if liver lymphatic function is impaired in chronic liver diseases, in which increased oxLDL has been documented, we measured liver lymphatic function in murine models of NAFLD, ALD and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We found that Mdr2-/- (PSC), Lieber-DeCarli ethanol fed (ALD) and high fat and high cholesterol diet fed (NAFLD) mice all had a significant impairment in the ability to traffic FITC labeled dextran from the liver parenchyma to the liver draining lymph nodes. Utilizing an in vitro permeability assay, we found that oxLDL decreased the permeability of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC)s, but not liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC)s. Here we demonstrate that LECs and LSECs differentially regulate SRC-family kinases, MAPK kinase and VE-Cadherin in response to oxLDL. Furthermore, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)C or D (VEGFR-3 ligands) appear to regulate VE-Cadherin expression as well as decrease cellular permeability of LECs in vitro and in vivo after oxLDL treatment. These findings suggest that oxLDL acts to impede protein transport through the lymphatics through tightening of the cell-cell junctions. Importantly, engagement of VEGFR-3 by its ligands prevents VE-Cadherin upregulation and improves lymphatic permeability. These studies provide a potential therapeutic target to restore liver lymphatic function and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition. Children’s Hospital Colorado, Digestive Health Institute- Pediatric Liver Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarit Pal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L. McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Matthew A. Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beth A. Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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14
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Chakraborty A, Crescenzi R, Usman TA, Reyna AJ, Garza ME, Al-Ghadban S, Herbst KL, Donahue PMC, Rutkowski JM. Indications of Peripheral Pain, Dermal Hypersensitivity, and Neurogenic Inflammation in Patients with Lipedema. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10313. [PMID: 36142221 PMCID: PMC9499469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a disease with abnormally increased adipose tissue deposition and distribution. Pain sensations have been described in the clinical evaluation of lipedema, but its etiology remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that pain sensitivity measurements and ex vivo quantitation of neuronal cell body distribution in the skin would be lipedema stage-dependent, and could, thus, serve to objectively characterize neuropathic pain in lipedema. The pain was assessed by questionnaire and peripheral cutaneous mechanical sensitization (von-Frey) in lipedema (n = 27) and control (n = 23) consenting female volunteers. Dermal biopsies from (n = 11) Stages 1-3 lipedema and control (n = 10) participants were characterized for neuronal cell body and nociceptive neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) distribution. Stage 2 or 3 lipedema participants responded positively to von Frey sensitization in the calf and thigh, and Stage 3 participants also responded in the arm. Lipedema abdominal skin displayed reduced Tuj-1+ neuronal cell body density, compared to healthy controls, while CGRP and NGF was significantly elevated in Stage 3 lipedema tissues. Together, dermal neuronal cell body loss is consistent with hyper-sensitization in patients with lipedema. Further study of neuropathic pain in lipedema may elucidate underlying disease mechanisms and inform lipedema clinical management and treatment impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Currently the Arthritis & Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rachelle Crescenzi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timaj A. Usman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Andrea J. Reyna
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Maria E. Garza
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sara Al-Ghadban
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Paula M. C. Donahue
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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15
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McDermott JG, Creed H, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Goodlett B, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract P110: Differential Gene Expression Associated With Ccn1-positive Renal Cells In Murine Hypertensive Models. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.p110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension affects roughly half of the U.S. population and is characterized by detrimental pro-inflammatory changes that alter renal function and the cardiovascular system over time. The kidney is a major regulator of blood pressure, however, the specific contributions of renal cell types, including lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), to hypertension have not been thoroughly explored. Previous work from our lab has shown an increase in renal lymphangiogenesis in response to hypertension and that augmentation of renal lymphangiogenesis can reduce blood pressure. CCN1/Cyr61 is an extracellular matrix protein secreted by multiple cell types, particularly LECs and fibroblasts, which contributes to integrin signaling pathways. CCN1 is also known to be involved in lymphangiogenesis, and has previously been implicated in GWAS studies of hypertension. Given these connections, we performed single cell RNA sequencing using angiotensin II and salt sensitive mouse models of hypertension, which were analyzed separately as well as aggregated into one hypertensive group. Kidneys were turned to a single cell suspension and separated for CD31+/Podoplanin+ cells meant to better represent LECs, which are a small fraction of renal cells. Sequencing was performed and the gene reads were run through the Cell Ranger, Seurat, FGSEA, and Slingshot pipelines, then CCN1+ cells were isolated digitally and analyzed separately. In the AngII model, a total of 60 genes (28 up, 32 down) were differentially expressed (p<0.01) between the renal CCN1+ cells in the hypertensive mice compared to controls, while the salt sensitive model had a total of 331 differentially expressed genes (305 up, 26 down). When the hypertension groups were merged, there were a total of 600 differentially expressed genes (503 up, 97 down) with GSEA showing 48 pathways with enrichment scores >3 or <-3. Additionally, the cellular profile of CCN1+ cells shifted, branching out from a fibroblast-like population to other cell types such as endothelium and tubular epithelium. Overall, the expression of CCN1+ renal cells demonstrates notable changes in response to hypertension in murine models and encourages further study of the mechanisms behind CCN1’s role in the development and maintenance of hypertension.
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16
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Duhon BH, Phan TT, Taylor SL, Crescenzi RL, Rutkowski JM. Current Mechanistic Understandings of Lymphedema and Lipedema: Tales of Fluid, Fat, and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6621. [PMID: 35743063 PMCID: PMC9223758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema and lipedema are complex diseases. While the external presentation of swollen legs in lower-extremity lymphedema and lipedema appear similar, current mechanistic understandings of these diseases indicate unique aspects of their underlying pathophysiology. They share certain clinical features, such as fluid (edema), fat (adipose expansion), and fibrosis (extracellular matrix remodeling). Yet, these diverge on their time course and known molecular regulators of pathophysiology and genetics. This divergence likely indicates a unique route leading to interstitial fluid accumulation and subsequent inflammation in lymphedema versus lipedema. Identifying disease mechanisms that are causal and which are merely indicative of the condition is far more explored in lymphedema than in lipedema. In primary lymphedema, discoveries of genetic mutations link molecular markers to mechanisms of lymphatic disease. Much work remains in this area towards better risk assessment of secondary lymphedema and the hopeful discovery of validated genetic diagnostics for lipedema. The purpose of this review is to expose the distinct and shared (i) clinical criteria and symptomatology, (ii) molecular regulators and pathophysiology, and (iii) genetic markers of lymphedema and lipedema to help inform future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey H. Duhon
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.H.D.); (T.T.P.)
| | - Thien T. Phan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.H.D.); (T.T.P.)
| | - Shannon L. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle L. Crescenzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.H.D.); (T.T.P.)
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17
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Verissimo T, Faivre A, Rinaldi A, Lindenmeyer M, Delitsikou V, Veyrat-Durebex C, Heckenmeyer C, Fernandez M, Berchtold L, Dalga D, Cohen C, Naesens M, Ricksten SE, Martin PY, Pugin J, Merlier F, Haupt K, Rutkowski JM, Moll S, Cippà PE, Legouis D, de Seigneux S. Decreased Renal Gluconeogenesis Is a Hallmark of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:810-827. [PMID: 35273087 PMCID: PMC8970457 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CKD is associated with alterations of tubular function. Renal gluconeogenesis is responsible for 40% of systemic gluconeogenesis during fasting, but how and why CKD affects this process and the repercussions of such regulation are unknown. METHODS We used data on the renal gluconeogenic pathway from more than 200 renal biopsies performed on CKD patients and from 43 kidney allograft patients, and studied three mouse models, of proteinuric CKD (POD-ATTAC), of ischemic CKD, and of unilateral urinary tract obstruction. We analyzed a cohort of patients who benefitted from renal catheterization and a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. RESULTS Renal biopsies of CKD and kidney allograft patients revealed a stage-dependent decrease in the renal gluconeogenic pathway. Two animal models of CKD and one model of kidney fibrosis confirm gluconeogenic downregulation in injured proximal tubule cells. This shift resulted in an alteration of renal glucose production and lactate clearance during an exogenous lactate load. The isolated perfused kidney technique in animal models and renal venous catheterization in CKD patients confirmed decreased renal glucose production and lactate clearance. In CKD patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, systemic alterations of glucose and lactate levels were more prevalent and associated with increased mortality and a worse renal prognosis at follow-up. Decreased expression of the gluconeogenesis pathway and its regulators predicted faster histologic progression of kidney disease in kidney allograft biopsies. CONCLUSION Renal gluconeogenic function is impaired in CKD. Altered renal gluconeogenesis leads to systemic metabolic changes with a decrease in glucose and increase in lactate level, and is associated with a worse renal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rinaldi
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Berchtold
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delal Dalga
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven-Erik Ricksten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Merlier
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Laboratory for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Compiègne, France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Laboratory for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Compiègne, France
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland .,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Goodlett BL, Kang CS, Yoo E, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Balasubbramanian D, Love SE, Sims BM, Avilez DL, Tate W, Chavez DR, Baranwal G, Nabity MB, Rutkowski JM, Kim D, Mitchell BM. A Kidney-Targeted Nanoparticle to Augment Renal Lymphatic Density Decreases Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010084. [PMID: 35056980 PMCID: PMC8780399 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic interstitial inflammation and renal infiltration of activated immune cells play an integral role in hypertension. Lymphatics regulate inflammation through clearance of immune cells and excess interstitial fluid. Previously, we demonstrated increasing renal lymphangiogenesis prevents hypertension in mice. We hypothesized that targeted nanoparticle delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) to the kidney would induce renal lymphangiogenesis, lowering blood pressure in hypertensive mice. A kidney-targeting nanoparticle was loaded with a VEGF receptor-3-specific form of VEGF-C and injected into mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension or LNAME-induced hypertension every 3 days. Nanoparticle-treated mice exhibited increased renal lymphatic vessel density and width compared to hypertensive mice injected with VEGF-C alone. Nanoparticle-treated mice exhibited decreased systolic blood pressure, decreased pro-inflammatory renal immune cells, and increased urinary fractional excretion of sodium. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacologically expanding renal lymphatics decreases blood pressure and is associated with favorable alterations in renal immune cells and increased sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Chang Sun Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.K.); (E.Y.); (D.K.)
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.K.); (E.Y.); (D.K.)
| | - Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Dakshnapriya Balasubbramanian
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Sydney E. Love
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Braden M. Sims
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Daniela L. Avilez
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Winter Tate
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Delilah R. Chavez
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Gaurav Baranwal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.K.); (E.Y.); (D.K.)
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (B.L.G.); (S.N.); (D.B.); (S.E.L.); (B.M.S.); (D.L.A.); (W.T.); (D.R.C.); (G.B.); (J.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-979-436-0751
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Creed HA, Sanfelippo AN, Reyna AJ, Chakraborty A, Rutkowski JM. Impact of High Fat Diet and Bolus Feeding on Chyle Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly. Lymphat Res Biol 2021; 20:358-367. [PMID: 34748416 PMCID: PMC9422780 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Generalized lymphatic anomalies (GLA) are complex vessel malformations that can impair lymphatic function. Potential GLA complications include lipid-rich lymph in the thoracic space or peritoneal cavity, respectively chylothorax and chylous ascites. To reduce the potential for chyle accumulation, GLA patients limit dietary fats. We hypothesized that dietary fatty acid composition impacts the potential for lymphatic dysfunction and chyle accumulation in GLA. Methods and Results: Adipose-specific overexpression of lymphatic growth factors has demonstrated lethal chylothorax in mice. Here, we utilized mice with inducible adipocyte overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VD mice) to mimic lymphatic proliferation in GLA and assessed the incidence of chyle accumulation on a mixed high fat diet (HFD), high saturated fat diet (HSFD), or high unsaturated fat diet (HUSFD). Lipid transport was assessed by uptake rates of bolus oral triglyceride load and mesenteric fat analysis. Lymphatic expansion and inflammation were determined by whole mount immunofluorescence and gene expression. Body composition was assessed by MRI. HSFD 2-month wildtype groups resulted in an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 expression compared with chow-fed controls. The chyle accumulation incidence was highest in HFD-fed mice compared with either HSFD or HUSFD. Strikingly, increased mortality was observed irrespective of which high fat diet was consumed after administration of a bolus lipid load. Conclusion: Chronic HFD increases risk of chyle accumulation, however increased mortality was driven particularly by a bolus lipid load in VD mice. These findings suggest that although chronic HFD increases chyle accumulation risk, a single large meal feeding may increase risk of lethal chylothorax instances for GLA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Creed
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley N Sanfelippo
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea J Reyna
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
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Chakraborty A, Upadhya R, Usman TA, Shetty AK, Rutkowski JM. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling preserves dendritic arborization and sensitization under stress. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:219-233. [PMID: 34389489 PMCID: PMC8511130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is critical for the establishment and maintenance of precise neural circuits. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), well-characterized as a "lymphangiogenic" growth factor, reportedly maintains dendritic arborization and synaptic strength in the hippocampus of adult mice through VEGF receptor (VEGFR-3) signaling. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic VEGFR-3-specific activation on adipose arbor morphometry using the Adipo-VD mouse, a model of inducible, adipose-specific VEGF-D overexpression. We examined whether adipose tissue innervation was preserved or functionally different in Adipo-VD mice during stress in vivo and if VEGFR-3 signaling afforded neuroprotection to challenged neurons in vitro. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling in Adipo-VD subcutaneous adipose tissue resulted in a reduction in the dendrite length, dendritic terminal branches (filament length), and dendritic terminal branch volume (filament volume), but increased dendrite branching. We also identified reduced stimulus-evoked excitatory sympathetic nerve activity in Adipo-VD mice. Following 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) denervation, Adipo-VD dendritic arbors were preserved, including improved dendritic branch volume, length, and dendritic branches than in wildtype tissues. In vitro, we found that chronic elevation of VEGFR-3 signaling in developing mVC neurons changes the dendritic arbor complexity and improves stress-induced structure remodeling. Developing neurons are conferred neuroprotection against stress, potentially by upregulation of proteolytic conversion of pro-BDNF to mature BDNF. Mature neurons, however, display improved dendritic arbor complexity, and unaltered dendritic structural remodeling and improved resistance to stress with VEGFR-3 signaling. Overall, chronically increasing VEGFR-3 signaling in neurons has a synergistic impact on neurosensitization and neuroprotection during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timaj A. Usman
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA,Correspondence: Joseph M Rutkowski, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807 USA, Ph: 979-436-0576,
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21
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Baranwal G, Creed HA, Black LM, Auger A, Quach AM, Vegiraju R, Eckenrode HE, Agarwal A, Rutkowski JM. Expanded renal lymphatics improve recovery following kidney injury. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15094. [PMID: 34806312 PMCID: PMC8606868 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major cause of patient mortality and a major risk multiplier for the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanism of the AKI to CKD transition is complex but is likely mediated by the extent and length of the inflammatory response following the initial injury. Lymphatic vessels help to maintain tissue homeostasis through fluid, macromolecule, and immune modulation. Increased lymphatic growth, or lymphangiogenesis, often occurs during inflammation and plays a role in acute and chronic disease processes. What roles renal lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis play in AKI recovery and CKD progression remains largely unknown. To determine if the increased lymphatic density is protective in the response to kidney injury, we utilized a transgenic mouse model with inducible, kidney-specific overexpression of the lymphangiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor-D to expand renal lymphatics. "KidVD" mouse kidneys were injured using inducible podocyte apoptosis and proteinuria (POD-ATTAC) or bilateral ischemia reperfusion. In the acute injury phase of both models, KidVD mice demonstrated a similar loss of function measured by serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate compared to their littermates. While the initial inflammatory response was similar, KidVD mice demonstrated a shift toward more CD4+ and fewer CD8+ T cells in the kidney. Reduced collagen deposition and improved functional recovery over time was also identified in KidVD mice. In KidVD-POD-ATTAC mice, an increased number of podocytes were counted at 28 days post-injury. These data demonstrate that increased lymphatic density prior to injury alters the injury recovery response and affords protection from CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Laurence M. Black
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nephrology Research and Training CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Alexa Auger
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Alexander M. Quach
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Rahul Vegiraju
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Han E. Eckenrode
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nephrology Research and Training CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Nephrology Research and Training CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of Veterans AffairsBirmingham Veterans Administration Medical CenterBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
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22
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Baranwal G, Pilla R, Goodlett BL, Coleman AK, Arenaz CM, Jayaraman A, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz RC, Mitchell BM. Common Metabolites in Two Different Hypertensive Mouse Models: A Serum and Urine Metabolome Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1387. [PMID: 34572600 PMCID: PMC8467937 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent metabolomics studies have identified a wide array of microbial metabolites and metabolite pathways that are significantly altered in hypertension. However, whether these metabolites play an active role in pathogenesis of hypertension or are altered because of this has yet to be determined. In the current study, we hypothesized that metabolite changes common between hypertension models may unify hypertension's pathophysiology with respect to metabolites. We utilized two common mouse models of experimental hypertension: L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high-salt-diet-induced hypertension (LSHTN) and angiotensin II induced hypertension (AHTN). To identify common metabolites that were altered across both models, we performed untargeted global metabolomics analysis in serum and urine and the resulting data were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst software and compared to control mice. A total of 41 serum metabolites were identified as being significantly altered in any hypertensive model compared to the controls. Of these compounds, 14 were commonly changed in both hypertensive groups, with 4 significantly increased and 10 significantly decreased. In the urine, six metabolites were significantly altered in any hypertensive group with respect to the control; however, none of them were common between the hypertensive groups. These findings demonstrate that a modest, but potentially important, number of serum metabolites are commonly altered between experimental hypertension models. Further studies of the newly identified metabolites from this untargeted metabolomics analysis may lead to a greater understanding of the association between gut dysbiosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Aja K. Coleman
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Cristina M. Arenaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (A.J.); (R.C.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (A.J.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77847, USA; (G.B.); (B.L.G.); (A.K.C.); (C.M.A.); (J.M.R.)
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.
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24
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Arenaz CM, Baranwal G, Goodlett BL, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz RC, Mitchell BM. Abstract MP40: Microbiome-associated Metabolites Are Altered In Mouse Models Of Hypertension. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.mp40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the microbiome plays a key role in hypertension and associated inflammation. Microbiota produce metabolites that may lead to activated pro-inflammatory immune cells and contribute to hypertension; however, the altered metabolites in multiple models of hypertension is currently unknown. We hypothesized that there are significant differences in metabolomic profiles between normotensive and hypertensive mice. We utilized two mouse models of hypertension: L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/high salt diet induced hypertension (LSHTN) and angiotensin II induced hypertension (A2HTN). Serum and fecal samples were collected at the end of the treatment period. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify the biochemical composition of each sample. Random Forest Analysis was performed to classify each sample based on similarities and differences in metabolite composition. These procedures were performed by Metabolon, Inc. A total of 1,066 and 1,028 biochemicals were measured in serum and feces, respectively. There were 263 biochemicals in LSHTN serum and 122 biochemicals in A2HTN serum that were statistically different from controls (p≤0.05). There were 298 biochemicals in LSHTN feces and 64 biochemicals in A2HTN feces that were statistically different from controls (p≤0.05). Five biochemical metabolite groups were shown to have significant differences between hypertensive groups and controls: aromatic amino acids, bile acids and sterols, benzoates, fatty acids, and diacylglycerols. Tryptophan metabolites were significantly reduced in the serum of LSHTN mice but not in the serum of A2HTN mice. Serum tyrosine and benzoate metabolites showed varied differences between the two hypertensive groups. Serum fatty acid beta oxidation metabolites were significantly reduced in both hypertensive models but were significantly increased in the feces of mice with LSHTN. In conclusion, this study provided significant analysis of metabolite changes in two hypertension mouse models. Further investigation of the roles these metabolites play in hypertension may lead to targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Baranwal G, PILLA RACHEL, Goodlett B, Jayaraman A, Rutkowski JM, Alaniz R, Mitchell BM. Abstract MP42: Metabolomic Study To Identify Common Metabolites In Two Different Mouse Models Of Hypertension. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.mp42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic Study to Identify Common Metabolites in Two Different Mouse Models of Hypertension
Recent studies have reflected the importance of the body’s microbiome and associated metabolites and their changes in hypertension. In the current study, we hypothesized that metabolite changes common between hypertension models may unify hypertension’s pathophysiology with respect to metabolites. Two different mice models of experimental hypertension were used in the study: (1) L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)/High salt diet induced hypertension (LSHTN) and (2) angiotensin II induced hypertension (AHTN). Untargeted global metabolomics analysis in serum and urine samples were performed to identify common metabolites altered across both hypertensive models, and the resulting data were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst software and compared to control mice. A list of metabolites that were altered significantly in both models of hypertension were identified. A total of 41 serum metabolites were identified as being altered significantly in any hypertensive model compared to controls. Of these, however, only 4 were increased significantly, and 10 were decreased significantly in common across both hypertensive groups. In the urine, 6 metabolites were altered significantly in any hypertensive group with respect to control, however, 0 of them were common between the hypertensive groups. These findings demonstrate that a modest, but potentially important, number of serum metabolites are commonly altered between experimental hypertension models. Further studies to understand the role of these identified metabolites may lead to a greater understanding of the association between gut dysbiosis and hypertension. Submitted to American Heart Association Council on Hypertension Scientific Sessions (September 27-29, 2021, Virtual)Abstract#: 21-HBPR-A-578-AHA
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Baranwal G, Creed HA, Cromer WE, Wang W, Upchurch BD, Smithhart MC, Vadlamani SS, Clark MC, Busbuso NC, Blais SN, Reyna AJ, Dongaonkar RM, Zawieja DC, Rutkowski JM. Dichotomous effects on lymphatic transport with loss of caveolae in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13656. [PMID: 33793057 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fluid and macromolecule transport from the interstitium into and through lymphatic vessels is necessary for tissue homeostasis. While lymphatic capillary structure suggests that passive, paracellular transport would be the predominant route of macromolecule entry, active caveolae-mediated transcellular transport has been identified in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro. Caveolae also mediate a wide array of endothelial cell processes, including nitric oxide regulation. Thus, how does the lack of caveolae impact "lymphatic function"? METHODS Various aspects of lymphatic transport were measured in mice constitutively lacking caveolin-1 ("CavKO"), the protein required for caveolae formation in endothelial cells, and in mice with a LEC-specific Cav1 gene deletion (Lyve1-Cre x Cav1flox/flox ; "LyCav") and ex vivo in their vessels and cells. RESULTS In each model, lymphatic architecture was largely unchanged. The lymphatic conductance, or initial tissue uptake, was significantly higher in both CavKO mice and LyCav mice by quantitative microlymphangiography and the permeability to 70 kDa dextran was significantly increased in monolayers of LECs isolated from CavKO mice. Conversely, transport within the lymphatic system to the sentinel node was significantly reduced in anaesthetized CavKO and LyCav mice. Isolated, cannulated collecting vessel studies identified significantly reduced phasic contractility when lymphatic endothelium lacks caveolae. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase was able to partially restore ex vivo vessel contractility. CONCLUSION Macromolecule transport across lymphatics is increased with loss of caveolae, yet phasic contractility reduced, resulting in reduced overall lymphatic transport function. These studies identify lymphatic caveolar biology as a key regulator of active lymphatic transport functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Walter E. Cromer
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Bradley D. Upchurch
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Matt C. Smithhart
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Suman S. Vadlamani
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Mary‐Catherine C. Clark
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | | | - Stephanie N. Blais
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Andrea J. Reyna
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Ranjeet M. Dongaonkar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences College Station TX USA
| | - David C. Zawieja
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
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Kothmann KH, Kay M, Romney SE, Acebo S, Reyna AJ, Choudhury M, Rutkowski JM, Newell-Fugate AE. DHT Differentially Regulates T Helper Cell Related Cytokines and MicroRNAs In Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Female Mice. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8266046 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hyperandrogenemic, insulin resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients often have low-grade inflammation due to elevated circulating pro-inflammatory markers. As up to 60% of PCOS patients are obese, whether this low-grade inflammatory state is due to increased adiposity or other factors such as hyperandrogenemia is unknown. Moreover, the systemic inflammation of obesity is correlated with recruitment of pro-inflammatory immune cell populations to WAT. We hypothesized that short-term administration of the potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), to female mice would increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNA (miR) associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cell populations in WAT. Sexually mature, normally-cycling female C57/Bl6 mice received a daily sc injection of oil (0 g; n=7) or DHT (27.5 g; n=7) beginning at estrus. Females had vaginal cytology daily. After three cycles or 12-16 days if mice became acyclic, mice were euthanized for collection of blood and WAT. Serum was analyzed for DHT and testosterone (TEST) by LC-MS/MS. TaqManTM Array Mouse Immune Response PCR assays (Thermofisher Scientific) were used to measure transcript expression levels in vWAT and scWAT. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Qiagen) was used to analyze relationships between different transcript levels in each treatment group for each tissue. DHT mice had 17 fold higher serum DHT levels than oil mice but there was no difference in serum TEST between treatment groups. DHT mice had a significantly longer estrous cycle length then oil mice. Short-term administration of DHT significantly upregulated 23% (21 of 92) of transcripts in scWAT and downregulated 49% (45 of 92) of transcripts in vWAT. The top four canonical pathways identified by IPA in WAT were: T helper cell 1 (Th1), Th1 & T helper 2 activation, Helper T cell differentiation, and Altered B & T cell signaling. Based on the Th1 pathway derived from IPA, the following miRs (both -3p and 5p) downstream of Th1 activation targets were selected for qPCR in vWAT and scWAT: miR21, miR146a, miR29a, and miR155. Interestingly, miR-21a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-155-5p were significantly upregulated in scWAT from DHT mice. No miRs were different between treatment groups in vWAT. We demonstrate for the first time that short-term DHT administration may cause immunosuppression in vWAT and inflammation, possibly mediated by miRs, in scWAT of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadden H Kothmann
- Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology - College of Veterinary Medicine - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Kay
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences - College of Pharmacy - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sherdina E Romney
- University Medical Center Utrecht - Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Acebo
- Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology - College of Veterinary Medicine - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrea J Reyna
- Dept. of Medical Physiology - College of Medicine - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences - College of Pharmacy - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Dept. of Medical Physiology - College of Medicine - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology - College of Veterinary Medicine - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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28
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Faivre A, Katsyuba E, Verissimo T, Lindenmeyer M, Rajaram RD, Naesens M, Heckenmeyer C, Mottis A, Feraille E, Cippà P, Cohen C, Longchamp A, Allagnat F, Rutkowski JM, Legouis D, Auwerx J, de Seigneux S. Differential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deficiency in acute and chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:60-68. [PMID: 33099633 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme involved in electron transport and a co-substrate for sirtuin function. NAD+ deficiency has been demonstrated in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS We studied the expression of key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes in kidney biopsies from human allograft patients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at different stages. We used ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin injection to model AKI, urinary tract obstruction [unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)] and tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by proteinuria to investigate CKD in mice. We assessed the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on AKI and CKD in animal models. RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies during the reperfusion phase showed that the NAD+de novo synthesis is impaired in the immediate post-transplantation period, whereas the salvage pathway is stimulated. This decrease in de novo NAD+ synthesis was confirmed in two mouse models of IRI where NR supplementation prevented plasma urea and creatinine elevation and tubular injury. In human biopsies from CKD patients, the NAD+de novo synthesis pathway was impaired according to CKD stage, with better preservation of the salvage pathway. Similar alterations in gene expression were observed in mice with UUO or chronic proteinuric glomerular disease. NR supplementation did not prevent CKD progression, in contrast to its efficacy in AKI. CONCLUSION Impairment of NAD+ synthesis is a hallmark of AKI and CKD. NR supplementation is beneficial in ischaemic AKI but not in CKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renuga Devi Rajaram
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Feraille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury, a sudden decline in renal filtration, is a surprisingly common pathology resulting from ischemic events, local or systemic infection, or drug-induced toxicity in the kidney. Unchecked, acute kidney injury can progress to renal failure and even recovered acute kidney injury patients are at an increased risk for developing future chronic kidney disease. The initial extent of inflammation, the specific immune response, and how well inflammation resolves are likely determinants in acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney disease progression. Lymphatic vessels and their roles in fluid, solute, antigen, and immune cell transport make them likely to have a role in the acute kidney injury response. Lymphatics have proven to be an attractive target in regulating inflammation and immunomodulation in other pathologies: might these strategies be employed in acute kidney injury? Acute kidney injury studies have identified elevated levels of lymphangiogenic ligands following acute kidney injury, with an expansion of the lymphatics in several models post-injury. Manipulating the lymphatics in acute kidney injury, by augmenting or inhibiting their growth or through targeting lymphatic-immune interactions, has met with a range of positive, negative, and sometimes inconclusive results. This minireview briefly summarizes the findings of lymphatic changes and lymphatic roles in the inflammatory response in the kidney following acute kidney injury to discuss whether renal lymphatics are a beneficial, maleficent, or a passive contributor to acute kidney injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Creed
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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30
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Goodlett BL, Yoo E, Kang CS, Balasubbramanian D, Love S, Tate W, Chavez D, Nabity M, Kim D, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract P132: A Kidney-Targeted Nanoparticle To Augment Renal Lymphatic Density Decreases Blood Pressure In Mice With L-NAME- And Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic interstitial inflammation and renal infiltration of activated immune cells play an integral role in hypertension. Lymphatic vessels attenuate inflammation by trafficking activated immune cells and excess fluid from the interstitial space to lymph nodes. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis could treat hypertension in three different mouse models. In an effort to translate these findings into a clinical treatment, we hypothesized that a targeted nanoparticle could deliver the pro-lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C156S to the kidney, induce lymphangiogenesis, and lower blood pressure in hypertensive mice. A micellar nanoparticle was developed with the capacity to deliver protein to the kidney, as demonstrated through delivery trials. This nanoparticle was loaded with VEGF-C156S and injected into mice with LNAME-induced hypertension (LHTN) or angiotensin II-induced hypertension (AIIHTN) via tail vein every 3 days. Compared to hypertensive mice injected with VEGF-C156S only (no nanoparticle) every 3 days, nanoparticle-treated mice exhibited a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) after 4 injections (LHTN SBP: 160±5 vs. 120±3 mmHg, p<0.001; AIIHTN SBP: 150±8 vs. 126±6 mmHg, p=0.03). Immunolabeled kidney sections from nanoparticle-treated LHTN mice showed a significant increase in podoplanin+ pixels, corresponding to an increase in lymphatic vessel density (p<0.01). A 5-fold increase in renal gene expression of podoplanin in nanoparticle-treated LHTN mice further supported this finding (p=0.01). Flow cytometric analysis of the nanoparticle-treated LHTN mice showed decreased renal CD45+F4/80+CD11c- cells, while AIIHTN mice revealed decreased levels of renal CD45+CD3e+, CD45+CD4+CD8-, and CD45+F4/80+CD11c+ cells (p<0.01, p=0.03, and p<0.001, respectively) when compared to their respective hypertensive groups. These data support our previous findings that expanding the renal lymphatic vasculature can treat existing hypertension by reducing renal immune cells. The results of this study may provide clinicians with a renal lymphatic-targeted therapeutic for treating hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- TEXAS A M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER, Bryan, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongin Kim
- TEXAS A M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER, Bryan, TX
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31
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Chakraborty A, Scogin CK, Rizwan K, Morley TS, Rutkowski JM. Characterizing Lymphangiogenesis and Concurrent Inflammation in Adipose Tissue in Response to VEGF-D. Front Physiol 2020; 11:363. [PMID: 32390866 PMCID: PMC7188984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic consequences of obesity arise from local inflammation within expanding adipose tissue. In pre-clinical studies targeting various inflammatory factors, systemic metabolism can be improved through reduced adipose inflammation. Lymphatic vessels are a critical regulator of inflammation through roles in fluid and macromolecule transport and immune cell trafficking and immunomodulation. Lymphangiogenesis, the expansion of the lymphatic network, is often a necessary step in restoring tissue homeostasis. Using Adipo-VD mice, a model of adipocyte-specific, inducible overexpression of the potent lymphangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), we previously identified that dense de novo adipose lymphatics reduced immune accumulation and improved glucose homeostasis in obesity. On chow diet, however, Adipo-VD mice demonstrated increased adipose tissue immune cells, fibrosis, and inflammation. Here, we characterize the time course of resident macrophage accumulation and lymphangiogenesis in male and female Adipo-VD mice fed chow and high fat diets, examining multiple adipose depots over 4 months. We find that macrophage infiltration occurs early, but resolves with concurrent lymphatic expansion that begins robustly after 1 month of VEGF-D overexpression in white adipose tissue. In obesity, female Adipo-VD mice exhibit reduced lymphangiogenesis and maintain a more glycolytic metabolism compared to Adipo-VD males and their littermates. Adipose lymphatic structures appear to expand by a lymphvasculogenic mechanism involving lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and organization with a cell source we that failed to identify; hematopoietic cells afford minimal structural contribution. While a net positive effect occurs in Adipo-VD mice, adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis demonstrates a dichotomous, and time-dependent, inflammatory tissue remodeling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Caroline K Scogin
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Kinza Rizwan
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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32
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Baranwal GM, Upchurch BD, Cromer WE, Smithhart MC, Vadlamani SS, Clark MCC, Blais SN, Zawieja DC, Dongaonkar RM, Rutkowski JM. Loss of Caveolin‐1 Increases Macromolecule Transport Across Lymphatic Endothelium. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Balasubbramanian D, Gelston CAL, Lopez AH, Iskander G, Tate W, Holderness H, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Augmenting Renal Lymphatic Density Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Male and Female Mice. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:61-69. [PMID: 31429865 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal inflammation and immune cell infiltration are characteristic of several forms of hypertension. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that renal-inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis occurs in salt-sensitive and nitric-oxide-inhibition-induced hypertension. Moreover, enhancing renal lymphatic density prevented the development of these two forms of hypertension. Here, we investigated the effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertension on renal lymphatic vessel density in male and female mice. METHODS Wild-type and genetically engineered male and female mice were infused with angiotensin II for 2 or 3 weeks. Isolated splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages from mice, and commercially available mouse lymphatic endothelial cells were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS Compared to vehicle controls, angiotensin II-infused male and female mice had significantly increased renal lymphatic vessel density in association with pro-inflammatory immune cells in the kidneys of these mice. Direct treatment of lymphatic endothelial cells with angiotensin II had no effect as they lack angiotensin II receptors; however, angiotensin II treatment of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages induced secretion of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C in vitro. Utilizing our genetic mouse model of inducible renal lymphangiogenesis, we demonstrated that greatly augmenting renal lymphatic density prior to angiotensin II infusion prevented the development of hypertension in male and female mice and this was associated with a reduction in renal CD11c+F4/80- monocytes. CONCLUSION Renal lymphatics play a significant role in renal immune cell trafficking and blood pressure regulation, and represent a novel avenue of therapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra H Lopez
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Geina Iskander
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Winter Tate
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Haley Holderness
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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34
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Dizin E, Olivier V, Maire C, Komarynets O, Sassi A, Roth I, Loffing J, de Seigneux S, Maillard M, Rutkowski JM, Edwards A, Feraille E. Time-course of sodium transport along the nephron in nephrotic syndrome: The role of potassium. FASEB J 2019; 34:2408-2424. [PMID: 31908015 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of sodium retention and its location in kidney tubules may vary with time in nephrotic syndrome (NS). We studied the mechanisms of sodium retention in transgenic POD-ATTAC mice, which display an inducible podocyte-specific apoptosis. At day 2 after the induction of NS, the increased abundance of NHE3 and phosphorylated NCC in nephrotic mice compared with controls suggest that early sodium retention occurs mainly in the proximal and distal tubules. At day 3, the abundance of NHE3 normalized, phosphorylated NCC levels decreased, and cleavage and apical localization of γ-ENaC increased in nephrotic mice. These findings indicate that sodium retention shifted from the proximal and distal tubules to the collecting system. Increased cleavage and apical localization of γ-ENaC persisted at day 5 in nephrotic mice when hypovolemia resolved and steady-state was reached. Sodium retention and γ-ENaC cleavage were independent of the increased plasma levels of aldosterone. Nephrotic mice displayed decreased glomerular filtration rate and urinary potassium excretion associated with hyperkaliemia at day 3. Feeding nephrotic mice with a low potassium diet prevented hyperkaliemia, γ-ENaC cleavage, and led to persistent increased phosphorylation of NCC. These results suggest that potassium homeostasis is a major determinant of the tubular site of sodium retention in nephrotic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dizin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Olivier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Charline Maire
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Komarynets
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Sassi
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Roth
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Loffing
- National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Maillard
- Service of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Aurélie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Feraille
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.ch", Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Delitsikou V, Jarad G, Rajaram RD, Ino F, Rutkowski JM, Chen CD, Santos CXC, Scherer PE, Abraham CR, Shah AM, Feraille E, Miner JH, de Seigneux S. Klotho regulation by albuminuria is dependent on ATF3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress. FASEB J 2019; 34:2087-2104. [PMID: 31907991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900893r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria is associated with renal function decline and cardiovascular mortality. This association may be attributed in part to alterations of Klotho expression induced by albuminuria, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The presence of albumin decreased Klotho expression in the POD-ATTAC mouse model of proteinuric kidney disease as well as in kidney epithelial cell lines. This downregulation was related to both decreased Klotho transcription and diminished protein half-life, whereas cleavage by ADAM proteases was not modified. The regulation was albumin specific since it was neither observed in the analbuminemic Col4α3-/- Alport mice nor induced by exposure of kidney epithelial cells to purified immunoglobulins. Albumin induced features of ER stress in renal tubular cells with ATF3/ATF4 activation. ATF3 and ATF4 induction downregulated Klotho through altered transcription mediated by their binding on the Klotho promoter. Inhibiting ER stress with 4-PBA decreased the effect of albumin on Klotho protein levels without altering mRNA levels, thus mainly abrogating the increased protein degradation. Taken together, albuminuria decreases Klotho expression through increased protein degradation and decreased transcription mediated by ER stress induction. This implies that modulating ER stress may improve proteinuria-induced alterations of Klotho expression, and hence renal and extrarenal complications associated with Klotho loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Jarad
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Renuga Devi Rajaram
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Ino
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas
| | - Ci-Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celio X C Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Eric Feraille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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37
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Balasubbramanian D, Konatham S, Iskander G, Engelhaupt M, Love S, Tate W, Goodlett BL, Wedgeworth S, Baranwal G, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract 143: Enhancing Renal Lymphatic Vessel Density Blunts Both Salt-Sensitive and Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.74.suppl_1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium retention is a hallmark of most forms of experimental hypertension. Renal lymphatics maintain fluid homeostasis by draining cortical interstitial fluid to the draining lymph node. Our lab has previously demonstrated that augmenting renal lymphatics prevents hypertension, but whether this can treat hypertension and whether expanding renal lymphatics alters renal sodium handling remain unknown. Our hypotheses were that augmenting renal lymphatic vessel density after hypertension is established will treat salt sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) and angiotensin II-induced hypertension (AIIHTN) and that this will be accompanied by an increase in urinary sodium excretion. To test our hypotheses, we utilized transgenic mice that overexpress the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-D specifically in the kidney when administered doxycycline (KidVD+ mice). KidVD+ mice and KidVD- littermates were made salt-sensitive by treatment with L-NAME (0.5 mg/mL) for two weeks, followed by a washout period of two weeks, and then given a 4% high salt diet for four weeks. To induce AIIHTN, mice were infused with angiotensin II (490 ng/kg/min) for four weeks. Doxycycline was administered to all mice a week after beginning the high salt diet or a week after angiotensin II infusion. Prior to doxycycline initiation, KidVD- and KidVD+ mice were hypertensive (SSHTN SBP: 130±2 and 134±2 mmHg, respectively; AIIHTN SBP: 125±2 and 128±2 mmHg, respectively). Compared to KidVD- mice, doxycycline administration for three weeks augmented renal lymphatics in KidVD+ mice and significantly decreased blood pressure after four weeks of high salt diet or angiotensin II (SSHTN SBP: 134±4 vs. 125±2 mmHg; p<0.05; AIIHTN: 145±3 vs. 125±5 mmHg; p<0.05). The reduction in blood pressure was accompanied by an increase in urinary fractional excretion of sodium in SSHTN and AIIHTN KidVD+ mice. AIIHTN induced an elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in KidVD- mice while this was reduced in KidVD+ mice; however, GFR was unaltered in SSHTN KidVD+ mice. Thus, augmenting renal lymphatics increased fractional excretion of sodium and lowered blood pressure in both mouse models of hypertension. Augmenting renal lymphatics may be a promising anti-hypertensive and natriuretic therapeutic strategy.
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38
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Balasubbramanian D, Luera EM, Goodlett BL, Baranwal G, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract P3020: Therapeutic Induction of Renal Lymphatic Expansion Attenuates Blood Pressure in Mice With L-NAME Hypertension. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.74.suppl_1.p3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal immune cell infiltration and accompanying inflammation activates renal sodium transporters leading to sodium retention and hypertension. Lymphatic vessels traffic interstitial immune cells to the draining lymph nodes and help resolve inflammation. We have previously demonstrated that genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis prevents hypertension associated with a reduction in renal immune cell accumulation; however, it is unknown whether augmenting renal lymphatics can treat hypertension. Our hypothesis was that augmenting renal lymphatics after hypertension is established will lower blood pressure during L-NAME-induced hypertension (LHTN). Transgenic mice that overexpress the lymphangiogenic signal VEGF-D only in the kidney upon doxycycline administration (KidVD+ mice) and KidVD- littermates were administered L-NAME (0.5 mg/mL) in their drinking water for four weeks with doxycycline initiated at the second week of L-NAME. Treatment with L-NAME for one week induced LHTN in both KidVD- and KidVD+ mice (SBP: 134±4 and 142±5 mmHg, respectively). However, doxycycline-induced renal lymphangiogenesis significantly decreased blood pressure in KidVD+ mice compared to KidVD- mice after four weeks of L-NAME (SBP: 127±5 vs. 151±6 mmHg; p<0.05). This was associated with a significant decrease in renal CD11c
+
F4/80
-
monocytes and a significant increase in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and fractional excretion of sodium in KidVD+ mice. Urinary volume over 24 hours was also increased in KidVD+ mice (1.7±0.8 vs. 3±0.9 mL/24 hours; p<0.05); however, this was not associated with a change in glomerular filtration rate. Thus, augmenting renal lymphatics lowers blood pressure in mice with LHTN and this is associated with a decrease in renal monocyte accumulation and an increase in urinary sodium excretion. Augmenting renal lymphatics may be a promising anti-hypertensive and natriuretic therapeutic strategy.
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39
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Chakraborty AA, Rizwan K, Khetan JN, Scogin CK, Rutkowski JM. Characterization of Lymphangiogenesis in Adipose Tissue Upon Local, Induced VEGF‐D Overexpression. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.520.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AA Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | - K Rizwan
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | - JN Khetan
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | - CK Scogin
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | - JM Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic BiologyDepartment of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
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40
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Chakraborty A, Barajas S, Lammoglia GM, Reyna AJ, Morley TS, Johnson JA, Scherer PE, Rutkowski JM. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (VEGF-D) Overexpression and Lymphatic Expansion in Murine Adipose Tissue Improves Metabolism in Obesity. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:924-939. [PMID: 30878136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue expansion is an inflammatory process that results in dysregulated lipolysis, increased circulating lipids, ectopic lipid deposition, and systemic insulin resistance. Lymphatic vessels provide a route of fluid, macromolecule, and immune cell clearance, and lymphangiogenesis increases this capability. Indeed, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis is critical in resolving acute and chronic inflammation, but it is largely absent in obese adipose tissue. Enhancing adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis could, therefore, improve metabolism in obesity. To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D under a tightly controlled Tet-On promoter were crossed with adipocyte-specific adiponectin-reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator mice (Adipo-VD) to stimulate adipose tissue-specific lymphangiogenesis during 16-week high-fat diet-induced obesity. Adipose VEGF-D overexpression induced de novo lymphangiogenesis in murine adipose tissue, and obese Adipo-VD mice exhibited enhanced glucose clearance, lower insulin levels, and reduced liver triglycerides. On β-3 adrenergic stimulation, Adipo-VD mice exhibited more rapid and increased glycerol flux from adipose tissue, suggesting that the lymphatics are a potential route of glycerol clearance. Resident macrophage crown-like structures were scarce and total F4/80+ macrophages were reduced in obese Adipo-VD s.c. adipose tissue with evidence of increased immune trafficking from the tissue. Augmenting VEGF-D signaling and lymphangiogenesis specifically in adipose tissue, therefore, reduces obesity-associated immune accumulation and improves metabolic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Sheridan Barajas
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Gabriela M Lammoglia
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Andrea J Reyna
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station.
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41
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Crewe C, Joffin N, Rutkowski JM, Kim M, Zhang F, Towler DA, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. An Endothelial-to-Adipocyte Extracellular Vesicle Axis Governed by Metabolic State. Cell 2018; 175:695-708.e13. [PMID: 30293865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have uncovered the existence of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated signaling between cell types within the adipose tissue (AT) proper. This phenomenon became evident in our attempts at generating an adipocyte-specific knockout of caveolin 1 (cav1) protein. Although we effectively ablated the CAV1 gene in adipocytes, cav1 protein remained abundant. With the use of newly generated mouse models, we show that neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) transfer cav1-containing EVs to adipocytes in vivo, which reciprocate by releasing EVs to ECs. AT-derived EVs contain proteins and lipids capable of modulating cellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, this mechanism facilitates transfer of plasma constituents from ECs to the adipocyte. The transfer event is physiologically regulated by fasting/refeeding and obesity, suggesting EVs participate in the tissue response to changes in the systemic nutrient state. This work offers new insights into the complex signaling mechanisms that exist among adipocytes, stromal vascular cells, and, potentially, distal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center (CMDC), Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Fang Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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42
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Balasubbramanian D, Lopez-Gelston CA, Lopez AH, Iskander G, Tate W, Luera EM, Konatham S, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract 024: Genetically Inducing Renal Lymphangiogenesis Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.72.suppl_1.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AII)-dependent hypertension (AIIHTN) is associated with renal immune cell infiltration and inflammation. Lymphatic vessels drain interstitial fluid and traffic immune cells to draining lymph nodes; however, the role of renal lymphatics in AIIHTN is unknown. Our hypotheses were that: 1) renal lymphatic vessel density is increased in mice with AIIHTN, and 2) that further augmenting renal lymphatic vessels will prevent AIIHTN. Male and female mice were infused with AII (490 ng/kg/min) or saline for 2 or 3 weeks by subdermal osmotic mini pumps. Male and female mice with AIIHTN had markedly increased renal lymphatic vessel density compared to controls. AIIHTN males had significantly increased renal gene expression of the lymphatic vessel markers
Lyve1, Pdpn,
and
Vegfr3,
while
Pdpn
and the lymphangiogenic signal
Vegfc
were increased significantly in AIIHTN females. Kidneys of AIIHTN males had significantly increased F4/80+ macrophages at 2 weeks and F4/80+ macrophages and CD3e+ T cells at 3 weeks as determined by flow cytometry. Unlike in males, renal CD11c+ dendritic cells were increased significantly in females. Renal mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines
Tnfa
,
Il1b
,
Mcp1
, and
Cxcl13
were elevated significantly in males at 2 and 3 weeks and in females at 3 weeks. To determine whether augmenting renal lymphatic vessels prior to AII infusion could prevent AIIHTN, we used transgenic mice that overexpress the lymphangiogenic signal VEGF-D only in the kidney under the control of doxycycline (KidVD+ mice) and thus exhibit renal-specific lymphangiogenesis. Doxycycline initiated 1 week prior to 3-week AII infusion prevented AIIHTN in KidVD+ mice while KidVD- mice still developed AIIHTN (Males SBP: 122±2 vs. 161±3 mmHg; p<0.05; Females SBP: 114±1 vs. 131±4 mmHg; p<0.05). KidVD+ AIIHTN mice had significantly decreased renal levels of CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells. Renal gene expression of
Tnfa
and
Il1b
were normalized in all KidVD+ mice. These data demonstrate that renal lymphatic vessel density is increased in AIIHTN and that genetically inducing renal lymphangiogenesis prior to AII infusion can prevent AIIHTN by reducing renal immune cells and inflammation.
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43
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Balasubbramanian D, Lopez Gelston CA, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Immune cell trafficking, lymphatics and hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1978-1988. [PMID: 29797446 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated immune cell infiltration into organs contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Studies targeting specific immune cell populations or reducing their inflammatory signalling have demonstrated a reduction in BP. Lymphatic vessels play a key role in immune cell trafficking and in resolving inflammation, but little is known about their role in hypertension. Studies from our laboratory and others suggest that inflammation-associated or induction of lymphangiogenesis is organ protective and anti-hypertensive. This review provides the basis for hypertension as a disease of chronic inflammation in various tissues and highlights how renal lymphangiogenesis is a novel regulator of kidney health and BP. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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44
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Hominick D, Silva A, Khurana N, Liu Y, Dechow PC, Feng JQ, Pytowski B, Rutkowski JM, Alitalo K, Dellinger MT. VEGF-C promotes the development of lymphatics in bone and bone loss. eLife 2018; 7:34323. [PMID: 29620526 PMCID: PMC5903859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) have lymphatic vessels in their bones and their bones gradually disappear. Here, we report that mice that overexpress VEGF-C in bone exhibit a phenotype that resembles GSD. To drive VEGF-C expression in bone, we generated Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc double-transgenic mice. In contrast to Osx-tTA mice, Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice developed lymphatics in their bones. We found that inhibition of VEGFR3, but not VEGFR2, prevented the formation of bone lymphatics in Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice. Radiological and histological analysis revealed that bones from Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice were more porous and had more osteoclasts than bones from Osx-tTA mice. Importantly, we found that bone loss in Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice could be attenuated by an osteoclast inhibitor. We also discovered that the mutant phenotype of Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice could be reversed by inhibiting the expression of VEGF-C. Taken together, our results indicate that expression of VEGF-C in bone is sufficient to induce the pathologic hallmarks of GSD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Hominick
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Asitha Silva
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Noor Khurana
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, United States
| | - Paul C Dechow
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, United States
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, United States
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael T Dellinger
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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45
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Chakraborty A, Lammoglia GM, Rutkowski JM. Inducible Adipose Tissue VEGF‐D Drives Lymphatic Expansion and Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.576.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | | | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
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46
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Lopez Gelston CA, Balasubbramanian D, Abouelkheir GR, Lopez AH, Hudson KR, Johnson ER, Muthuchamy M, Mitchell BM, Rutkowski JM. Enhancing Renal Lymphatic Expansion Prevents Hypertension in Mice. Circ Res 2018; 122:1094-1101. [PMID: 29475981 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertension is associated with renal infiltration of activated immune cells; however, the role of renal lymphatics and immune cell exfiltration is unknown. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypotheses that increased renal lymphatic density is associated with 2 different forms of hypertension in mice and that further augmenting renal lymphatic vessel expansion prevents hypertension by reducing renal immune cell accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with salt-sensitive hypertension or nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced hypertension exhibited significant increases in renal lymphatic vessel density and immune cell infiltration associated with inflammation. Genetic induction of enhanced lymphangiogenesis only in the kidney, however, reduced renal immune cell accumulation and prevented hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that renal lymphatics play a key role in immune cell trafficking in the kidney and blood pressure regulation in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra H Lopez
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Kayla R Hudson
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Eric R Johnson
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station.
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
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47
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Udit S, Burton M, Rutkowski JM, Lee S, Bookout AL, Scherer PE, Elmquist JK, Gautron L. Na v1.8 neurons are involved in limiting acute phase responses to dietary fat. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1081-1091. [PMID: 29031710 PMCID: PMC5641637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Metabolic viscera and their vasculature are richly innervated by peripheral sensory neurons. Here, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory profiles of mice with selective ablation of all Nav1.8-expressing primary afferent neurons. RESULTS While mice lacking sensory neurons displayed no differences in body weight, food intake, energy expenditure, or body composition compared to controls on chow diet, ablated mice developed an exaggerated inflammatory response to high-fat feeding characterized by bouts of weight loss, splenomegaly, elevated circulating interleukin-6 and hepatic serum amyloid A expression. This phenotype appeared to be directly mediated by the ingestion of saturated lipids. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the Nav1.8-expressing afferent neurons are not essential for energy balance but are required for limiting the acute phase response caused by an obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swalpa Udit
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Michael Burton
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Angie L Bookout
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA.
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390, TX, USA.
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48
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Balasubbramanian D, Lopez Gelston CA, Abouelkheir GR, Lopez AH, Hudson KR, Johnson ER, Garza VC, Daboul RA, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract 098: Augmenting Renal Lymphatic Vessel Density Prevents Salt-sensitive Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) is associated with renal immune cell infiltration and interstitial inflammation. Lymphatic vessels drain the interstitial compartment and traffic immune cells to draining lymph nodes; however little is known about the role of lymphatics and immune cell trafficking in the kidney during SSHTN. Our hypotheses were that renal lymphatic vessel density is increased in mice with SSHTN and that further augmenting renal lymphatic vessels will prevent SSHTN. SSHTN mice were made by administering L-NAME for two weeks, followed by a two week washout, and then were fed a 4% high salt diet for three weeks. Compared to control mice, mice with SSHTN (SBP: 103±3 vs. 136±2 mmHg; p<0.05) had markedly increased renal lymphatic vessel density. Kidneys of SSHTN mice had significantly increased gene expression of the lymphatic vessel marker
Lyve1
, the macrophage marker
Adgre1
(F4/80), the Th1 cell marker
Tbx21
, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine
Il6
while expression of the immune cell-lymphatic chemokine receptor
Ccr7
was decreased significantly. Mice solely fed a 4% salt diet for three weeks did not exhibit hypertension or increased renal lymphatic vessel density. To determine whether augmenting renal lymphatic vessels prior to the high salt diet could prevent SSHTN, we used transgenic mice that overexpress the lymphangiogenic signal VEGF-D only in the kidney under the control of doxycycline (KidVD+ mice) and thus exhibit renal lymphangiogenesis. Doxycycline initiated one week prior to the high salt diet prevented SSHTN in KidVD+ mice while having no effect on blood pressure in KidVD- mice (SBP: 117±4 vs. 139±5 mmHg; p<0.05). Renal gene expression of
Tbx21
was decreased in KidVD+ mice while
Ccr7
gene expression was increased significantly. These data demonstrate that renal lymphatic vessel density is increased in SSHTN and that augmenting renal lymphatic vessel density prior to a high salt diet can prevent SSHTN by improving renal immune cell exfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reem A Daboul
- Texas A&M Univ Health Science Cntr, College Station, TX
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49
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Lopez Gelston CA, Balasubbramanian D, Abouelkheir GR, Lopez AH, Hudson KR, Johnson ER, Garza VC, Daboul RA, Rutkowski JM, Mitchell BM. Abstract P339: Genetically Induced Renal Lymphangiogenesis Prevents the Development of L-NAME Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans and experimental animals, persistent immune system activation, accumulation of immune cells in the kidney, and subsequent inflammation plays an essential role in the development of hypertension (HTN). To reduce inflammation, lymphatic vessels drain extracellular fluid from the interstitium and traffic immune cells to draining lymph nodes. However, little is known about the connection between hypertension and renal lymphatic vessels. We hypothesized that renal lymphatic vessel density would increase in mice with L-NAME HTN and that genetically induced renal lymphangiogenesis would prevent this increase in blood pressure. L-NAME (0.5 mg/mL) was administered in the drinking water for two weeks and caused HTN (SBP: 153±3 vs. 103±3 mmHg; p<0.05) and renal lymphatic vessel dilation compared to control mice. Kidneys from mice with L-NAME HTN had significantly increased gene expression of the lymphangiogenic marker
Vegfc
, macrophage marker
Adgre1
(F4/80), dendritic cell marker
Cd11c
, Th1 cell marker
Tbx21
, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine
Il6
. Blood pressure decreased after a two-week washout period following L-NAME (SBP: 113±2 mmHg) which was associated with a decrease in renal gene expression of
Adgre1
(F4/80) and
Cd11c
, however renal lymphatic vessels remained dilated. To determine if augmenting renal lymphatic vessel density prior to L-NAME treatment would prevent HTN, we used transgenic mice that in response to doxycycline undergo kidney-specific VEGF-D overexpression (KidVD+ mice) and renal lymphangiogenesis. Doxycycline (200 mg/L) was administered in the drinking water of KidVD+ and KidVD- mice for four weeks with L-NAME being added during the final three weeks. Starting doxycycline one week prior to L-NAME prevented HTN in KidVD+ mice while slightly decreasing SBP in KidVD- mice (SBP: 112±4 vs. 134±2 mmHg; p<0.05). Renal gene expression of the Th17 cell marker
Rorc
was decreased and the lymphatic chemokine markers
Ccl21
and
Ccl19
were increased significantly in KidVD+ mice. These data together demonstrate that L-NAME HTN can alter the size of renal lymphatic vessels and genetically augmenting renal lymphatic vessel density prior to L-NAME can prevent the development of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reem A Daboul
- Texas A&M Univ Health Science Cntr, College Station, TX
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50
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Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is a recognized hallmark of inflammatory processes in tissues and organs as diverse as the skin, heart, bowel, and airways. In clinical and animal models wherein the signaling processes of lymphangiogenesis are manipulated, most studies demonstrate that an expanded lymphatic vasculature is necessary for the resolution of inflammation. The fundamental roles that lymphatics play in fluid clearance and immune cell trafficking from the periphery make these results seemingly obvious as a mechanism of alleviating locally inflamed environments: the lymphatics are simply providing a drain. Depending on the tissue site, lymphangiogenic mechanism, or induction timeframe, however, evidence shows that inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis (IAL) may worsen the pathology. Recent studies have identified lymphatic endothelial cells themselves to be local regulators of immune cell activity and its consequential phenotypes - a more active role in inflammation regulation than previously thought. Indeed, results focusing on the immunocentric roles of peripheral lymphatic function have revealed that the basic drainage task of lymphatic vessels is a complex balance of locally processed and transported antigens as well as interstitial cytokine and immune cell signaling: an interplay that likely defines the function of IAL. This review will summarize the latest findings on how IAL impacts a series of disease states in various tissues in both preclinical models and clinical studies. This discussion will serve to highlight some emerging areas of lymphatic research in an attempt to answer the question relevant to an array of scientists and clinicians of whether IAL helps to fuel or extinguish inflammation. Impact statement Inflammatory progression is present in acute and chronic tissue pathologies throughout the body. Lymphatic vessels play physiological roles relevant to all medical fields as important regulators of fluid balance, immune cell trafficking, and immune identity. Lymphangiogenesis is often concurrent with inflammation and can potentially aide or worsen disease progression. How new lymphatic vessels impact inflammation and by which mechanism is an important consideration in current and future clinical therapies targeting inflammation and/or vasculogenesis. This review identifies, across a range of tissue-specific pathologies, the current understanding of inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in the progression or resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella R Abouelkheir
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bradley D Upchurch
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- 1 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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