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Silva CD, Peces M, Jaques A, Muñoz JJ, Dosta J, Astals S. Fractional calculus as a generalized kinetic model for biochemical methane potential tests. Bioresour Technol 2024; 396:130412. [PMID: 38310977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a fractional calculus model as a generalized kinetic model for estimating the maximum methane yield and degradation kinetics in biomethane potential (BMP) assays, a key analytical method in anaerobic digestion research and application. The fractional model outperformed common first-order kinetic models by yielding superior data fitting and properly managing substrate heterogeneity. The fractional model showed robust performance in mono-digestion, co-digestion and pre-treatment BMP assays with or without presence of large tailing or sigmoidal patterns in the BMP curve. The main advantage of the fractional model over other models is its ability to capture the complexities of the methane production process without losing model accuracy. Assessment of the mathematical model revealed that for fractional orders greater than 0.8 the Mittag-Leffler sequence could be transformed into a more computationally efficient exponential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mathematics, Lab. De Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Peces
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Jaques
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical University Federico Santa María, 2390123 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J J Muñoz
- Department of Mathematics, Lab. De Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Centre International de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Matemàtiques de la UPC - BarcelonaTech, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, 08001, Spain
| | - S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Muñoz JJ, Anauate AC, Amaral AG, Ferreira FM, Meca R, Ormanji MS, Boim MA, Onuchic LF, Heilberg IP. Identification of housekeeping genes for microRNA expression analysis in kidney tissues of Pkd1 deficient mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:231. [PMID: 31937827 PMCID: PMC6959247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is a complex clinical entity which comprises a group of genetic diseases that leads to renal cyst development. We evaluated the most suitable housekeeping genes for microRNA expression by RT-qPCR analyses of kidney tissues in Pkd1-deficient mouse models from a panel of five candidates genes (miR-20a, miR-25, miR-26a, miR-191 and U6) and 3 target genes (miR-17, miR-21 and let-7a) using samples from kidneys of cystic mice (Pkd1flox/flox:Nestincre, CY), non-cystic controls (Pkd1flox/flox, NC), Pkd1-haploinsufficient (Pkd1+/−, HT), wild-type controls (Pkd1+/+, WT), severely cystic mice (Pkd1V/V, SC), wild-type controls (CO). The stability of the candidate genes was investigated using NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper, DataAssist, and RefFinder software packages and the comparative ΔCt method. The analyses identified miR-26a as the most stable housekeeping gene for all kidney samples, miR-20a for CY and NC, miR-20a and miR-26a for HT and WT, and miR-25 and miR-26a for SC and CO. Expression of miR-21 was upregulated in SC compared to CO and trends of miR-21 upregulation and let-7a downregulation in CY and HT compared to its control kidneys, when normalized by different combinations of miR-20a, miR-25 and miR-26a. Our findings established miR-20a, miR-25, and miR-26a as the best housekeeping genes for miRNA expression analyses by RT-qPCR in kidney tissues of Pkd1-deficient mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Anauate
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A G Amaral
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Meca
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Ormanji
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Boim
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Onuchic
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I P Heilberg
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Stimamiglio MA, Muñoz JJ, Alfaro D, Terra-Granado E, Garcia-Ceca J, Alonso-Colmenar LM, Savino W, Zapata AG. Developing T-cell migration: role of semaphorins and ephrins. FASEB J 2012; 26:4390-9. [PMID: 22815386 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a crucial event for normal T-cell development, and various ligand/receptor pairs have been implicated. Most of them, including chemokines and extracellular matrix proteins, have attractant properties on thymocytes. We discuss herein two further groups of ligand/receptor pairs, semaphorins/neuropilins and ephs/ephrins, which are constitutively expressed by thymocytes and thymic microenvironmental cells. Evidence shows that the corresponding interactions are relevant for developing T-cell migration, including the entry of bone marrow progenitor cells, migration of CD4/CD8-defined thymocyte subpopulations triggered by chemokines and/or extracellular matrix proteins, and thymocyte export. Conceptually, the data summarized here show that thymocyte migration results from a complex network of molecular interactions, which generate not only attraction, but also repulsion of migrating T-cell precursors.
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Abstract
During the early stages of gastrulation in Drosophila embryo, the epithelial cells composing the single tissue layer of the egg undergo large strains and displacements. These movements have been usually modelled by decomposing the total deformation gradient in an (imposed or strain/stress dependent) active part and a passive response. Although the influence of the chemical and genetic activity in the mechanical response of the cell has been experimentally observed, the effects of the mechanical deformation on the latter have been far less studied, and much less modelled. Here, we propose a model that couples morphogen transport and the cell mechanics during embryogenesis. A diffusion-reaction equation is introduced as an additional mechanical regulator of morphogenesis. Consequently, the active deformations are not directly imposed in the analytical formulation, but they rather depend on the morphogen concentration, which is introduced as a new variable. In this study, we show that strain patterns similar to those observed during biological experiments can be reproduced by properly combining the two phenomena. In addition, we use a novel technique to parameterise the embryo geometry by solving two Laplace problems with specific boundary conditions. We apply the method to two morphogenetic movements: ventral furrow invagination and germ band extension. The matching between our results and the observed experimental deformations confirms that diffusion-reaction of morphogens can actually be controlling large morphogenetic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Allena
- Laboratoire MSSMat UMR CNRS 8579, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Abstract
In the present study, we review available information on the relevance of Eph and ephrins in numerous processes occurring in the thymus that regulate not only T cell differentiation but also thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development and organization. Eph/ephrins are a large family of receptors and ligands involved in organogenesis and homeostasis of adult tissues. They are extensively expressed in the thymus and seem to be involved in the colonization of lymphoid progenitor cells and their migration throughout the thymic parenchyma necessary to provide an adequate topological location of developing thymocytes in the epithelial network that ensures their correct differentiation. In addition, EphB2 and EphB3 play a cell-autonomous role in regulating the transitions of double-negative to double-positive cells and of double-positive to single-positive thymocytes and the lack of these molecules or their ligands ephrin B1 and ephrin B2 induces profound alterations of the TEC maturation and in the arrangement of epithelial network. We emphasize that these results are largely reflecting the role played by this family of molecules in controlling thymocyte-TEC interactions within the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Muñoz
- Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Center, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
We report the case of a 29-year-old man with hemoptysis. The patient came to the emergency department, where a laboratory test and chest radiograph were reported as normal. The following day the patient again had hemoptysis, though less than previously. He reported no chest pain, dyspnea, fever, catarrh, changes in urine or feces, contact with patients with bacillus disease or constitutional symptoms. Doppler ultrasound of the chest showed right basal parenchymatous condensation containing a vessel with arterial flow (in the opposite direction to the aortic flow) compatible with an aberrant vessel, possibly a sequestration, leaving the aorta above the celiac trunk. Because of the findings of the chest echogram and magnetic resonance study, thoracoabdominal computed tomography angiography was undertaken; this showed right basal condensation and an anomalous vessel originating 1 cm above the celiac trunk, supplying the right lower lobe. An aortic and pulmonary arteriogram via an arterial and right femoral vein approach confirmed the findings. The patient was treated successfully with percutaneous embolization with coils. The relevant literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Carlos Haya Hospital, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
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Abstract
We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a short patent ductus arteriosus and aneurysmal pulmonary arteries who was treated by placement of a stent-graft. The technique proved simple and safe. Further research is required to improve the design of stent-grafts and their release system for use of this technique in adult patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Carlos Haya Hospital, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
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Muñoz JJ, Navas Collado E, Graña Gómez JL. Psychological risk and protective factors for antisocial behavior in adolescents. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2005; 33:366-73. [PMID: 16292720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence and differential weight of some specific psychological variables on adolescent antisocial behavior. A sample of 1,851 adolescents (49.92 % men and 50.08 % women) from the Autonomous Community of Madrid was assessed. Several stepwise regression analyses were conducted, considering three different age groups (14-15, 16 and 17-18 years), with the criterion variables and the results showed that the main psychological risk factors associated with antisocial behavior were variables linked to sensation seeking construct (impulsiveness, disinhibition, excitement seeking, etc.), while the protective factors identified were variables such as empathy and religious practices. The age groups were considered, keeping a design of optimum prevention programs with psychological character in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Divino Vallés. Burgos, Spain.
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Alonso-C LM, Muñoz JJ, Zapata AG. Delineation of intrathymic T, NK, and dendritic cell (DC) progenitors in fetal and adult rats: demonstration of a bipotent T/DC intermediate precursor. J Immunol 2001; 167:3635-41. [PMID: 11564776 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously published study results stating that the early rat fetal liver contains a high frequency of T/dendritic cells (DCs), but rarely T/NK bipotent common progenitors. Now, by using xenogenic rat/SCID mouse fetal thymic organ cultures, we extend these observations to the thymus, in which conflicting data have been published in human and mouse. On the one hand, enriched adult intrathymic CD45+CD2- triple negative for CD8, CD4, and CD3 Ag cell progenitors, which contained both rearranged TCRbeta chain and pre-Talpha chain transcripts, completely lacked NKR-P1A expressing cells, and upon limiting dilution conditions, generated T- and T/DC-containing lobes, but no T/NK or NK ones were found. On the other hand, the CD45+CD2- triple negative for CD8, CD4, and CD3 Ags cell population obtained from 15- and 16-day-old fetal rat thymus can be divided into NKR-P1A- and NKR-P1A(low) cell subpopulations that differ in several aspects. Both cell subsets expressed pre-TCRalpha chain transcripts, but only the former contained fully rearranged TCRbeta chain transcripts. Upon limiting dilution, T cell-committed progenitors were only found in the NKR-P1A- cell population, whereas NK-committed progenitors were present in the NKR-P1A(low) population. More importantly, bipotential T/NK progenitors were very rare and were found only in the NKR-P1A(low) cell population, whereas bipotential T/DC progenitors, only previously suggested in the adult mouse thymus, were observed frequently in the NKR-P1A-CD2- cell subpopulation. Our results demonstrate, therefore, that a common intrathymic T/DC intermediate represents the main T cell developmental pathway in rat thymus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- CD2 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Stem Cells/classification
- Stem Cells/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Alonso-C
- Servicio Común de Investigación and Departamento de Biología Celular, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Jiménez E, Vicente A, Sacedón R, Muñoz JJ, Weinmaster G, Zapata AG, Varas A. Distinct mechanisms contribute to generate and change the CD4:CD8 cell ratio during thymus development: a role for the Notch ligand, Jagged1. J Immunol 2001; 166:5898-908. [PMID: 11342604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In adult life, the high CD4:CD8 cell ratio observed in peripheral lymphoid organs originates in the thymus. Our results show that the low peripheral CD4:CD8 cell ratio seen during fetal life also has an intrathymic origin. This distinct production of CD4(+)CD8(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes is regulated by the developmental age of the thymic stroma. The differential expression of Notch receptors and their ligands, especially Jagged1, throughout thymus development plays a key role in the generation of the different CD4:CD8 cell ratios. We also show that the intrathymic CD4:CD8 cell ratio sharply changes from fetal to adult values around birth. Differences in the proliferation and emigration rates of the mature thymocyte subsets contribute to this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculties of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Abstract
The results of the T-cell differentiation in the progeny of adrenalectomized pregnant rats (Adx fetuses), an experimental model that ensures the absence of glucocorticoids (GCs) during the first stages of development, are summarized. In Adx thymuses there is an accelerated maturation of thymocytes that is reversed by in vivo GC replacement. In addition, Adx thymuses show decreased cell content, which correlates with both the increased numbers of apoptotic cells and an early migration of DP (CD4+CD8+) and SP (both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) thymocytes to the spleen. As shown by in vitro recolonization assays, accelerated T-cell differentiation is a consequence of changes in the biology of lymphoid precursors occurring in the fetal liver of Adx fetuses. They arrive at the thymic primordium earlier and mature faster than the fetal liver lymphoid progenitors from Sham control fetuses. After the establishment of a fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-gland-adrenal-gland (HPA) axis, there is a gradual normalization of the T-cell development Adx fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abstract
The degree of T cell commitment reached by cell precursors present in the fetal liver is a controversial issue. In the present work, the occurrence of fully T cell-committed progenitors among CD45+Thy-1+CD44+ 13-day-old rat fetal liver cells was demonstrated when limiting numbers of these cells in vitro reconstituted SCID mouse fetal thymic lobes providing single lineage-containing lobes for T, natural killer or dendritic cells. In addition, expression of rat pre-TCRalpha chain mRNA was detected in the CD45+ but not in the CD45- fetal liver cells and fully rearranged TCR VBeta8-Cbeta mRNA transcripts were specifically detected in the former population, demonstrating early transcription of some rearranged TCRVBeta genes in the rat fetal liver of 13 days of gestation. Finally, fetal liver organ cultures provided low numbers of TCR gamma delta T cells and CD2+CD8+NKR-P1A- intracytoplasmic CD3+ immature T cells, which intracellularly reacted with a mAb specific to the TCRalpha Beta molecule. These results prove T, NK and DC cell lineage determination at a prethymic stage in the fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Alonso-C
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Sacedón R, Vicente A, Varas A, Jiménez E, Muñoz JJ, Zapata AG. Early maturation of T-cell progenitors in the absence of glucocorticoids. Blood 1999; 94:2819-26. [PMID: 10515885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrated that both fetal liver and thymic T-cell precursors express glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) indirectly suggesting a role for glucocorticoids (GCs) in the earliest events of T-cell differentiation. To evaluate this issue, we analyzed the thymic ontogeny in the progeny of adrenalectomized pregnant rats (Adx fetuses), an in vivo experimental model, which ensures the absence of circulating GCs until the establishment of the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In the absence of maternal GCs, T-cell development was significantly accelerated, the process being reversed by in vivo GC replacement. Mature single positive thymocytes (both CD4 and CD8) appeared in 16-day old fetal Adx thymus when in the control fetuses, most thymocytes still remained in the double-negative (DN) CD4(-)CD8(-) cell compartment. In addition, emigration of T-cell receptor (TcR)alphabeta positive cells to the spleen also occurred earlier in Adx fetuses than in control ones. In vitro recolonization of cultured deoxiguanosine-treated mouse fetal thymus lobes with 13-day-old fetal liver cell suspensions from both Adx and control fetuses demonstrated changes in the developmental capabilities of fetal liver T-cell precursors from embryos grown in the absence of GCs. Furthermore, a precocious lymphoid colonization of the thymic primordium from Adx fetuses was evidenced by ultrastructural analysis of both Adx and Sham early thymus. Both findings accounted for the accelerated T-cell differentiation observed in Adx fetuses. Together, these results support a role for GCs not only in the thymic cell death, but also in the early steps of T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Abstract
The possible effects of glucocorticoids (GC) on the biology of thymic dendritic cells (DC) have been analyzed. Both DC and GC seem to be involved in intrathymic T cell selection but possible relationships, if any, between them remain currently unknown. For the first time, we have proved the expression of GC receptors in thymic DC. Moreover, our data demonstrate that in vitro dexamethasone (Dex) treatment barely affects the viability of mature thymic DC, which are largely resistant to its apoptotic effect. Dex-treated thymic DC also show a slightly reduced surface expression of some adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules in correlation with diminished allostimulatory properties. Furthermore, the production of both IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not that of IL-6 and IL-10, diminished in the mixed leukocyte reaction established with Dex-treated thymic DC. However, the addition of recombinant rat IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, alone or in combination, did not recover the allostimulatory capacity. Taken together, these results support certain GC-mediated regulation of the activity of thymic DC which could be relevant for the biology of the thymus gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Varas A, Vicente A, Jiménez E, Alonso L, Moreno J, Muñoz JJ, Zapata AG. Interleukin-7 treatment promotes the differentiation pathway of T-cell-receptor-alpha beta cells selectively to the CD8+ cell lineage. Immunology 1997; 92:457-64. [PMID: 9497486 PMCID: PMC1364150 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report we have studied the influence of interleukin-7 (IL-7) on thymocyte differentiation by evaluating the effects of IL-7 on the generation of T-cell receptor-alpha beta (TCR-alpha beta) and TCR-gamma delta thymocyte subpopulations in rat fetal thymus organ culture. IL-7 enhanced the differentiation pathway of TCR alpha beta thymocytes, first increasing the numbers of immature CD8+ cells, and later those of both CD4+ CD8+ and mature thymocytes. The kinetics of thymocyte migration out of thymic lobes was also accelerated, and the average number of mature TCR-alpha beta phi emigrants per day was increased in the presence of IL-7. Moreover, mature CD4- CD8+ thymocytes were preferentially generated after IL-7 administration. This TCR-alpha beta hi cell population was not actively dividing, indicating that IL-7-promoted thymocyte differentiation was selective to the CD8 cell lineage. Distribution of some TCR-V alpha and TCR-V beta segments among mature thymocytes was also modified in IL-7-treated thymic lobes. On the contrary, the maturation of TCR-gamma delta was not affected by IL-7 addition during the first days of culture, but their numbers sharply increased by day 6 of culture. These results were confirmed with IL-7-treated cultures for 24 hr, showing that IL-7 responsiveness was acquired by TCR-gamma delta cells late in thymus ontogeny. The present results thus indicate a key role for IL-7 in the maturation of TCR-alpha beta thymocytes and the expansion of thymic TCR-gamma delta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abstract
Wild type and three mutated alleles of the polymorphic CYP2D6 gene were studied in genomic DNA samples from 187 women with breast carcinoma and 151 healthy women by a mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of the enzyme-inactivating CYP2D6(B) allele was higher among patients (18.2%) than in controls (11.6%; OR = 1.7; 95% c.i. = 1.14-3.13; P = 0.018). This excess was more marked in postmenopausal patients (19.8%, P = 0.0086) and in patients with non-ductal infiltrating carcinomas (25.8%, P = 0.003). The percentage of carriers of only one active gene (heterozygote extensive metabolizers) was higher in patients (31% vs. 19.9%; OR = 1.81; 95% c.i. = 1.06-3.11; P = 0.02). The CYP2D6(B)-carrier state may be related to a greater risk of breast cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ladona
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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17
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Muñoz JJ, Roca C, Santos JL, Arroyo M, de Salamanca RE. Effect of zinc or S-adenosyl-l-methionine on long term administration of low doses of lead to rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993; 73:189-91. [PMID: 8295845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two alternatives for the treatment of lead intoxication, administration of zinc or a thiol donor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), were analysed. Rats were exposed to lead (Pb)-acetate (60 mg/l) in drinking water during 90 days; one group also received SO4Zn in water (40 mg/l), while another received both Pb and SAM (5 mg/24 hr intraperitoneally. Erythrocytic delta-aminolaevulinic dehydratase (ALA-D) activity was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) both in rats receiving Pb alone and in rats receiving Pb and each of the other two treatments. The high erythrocytic uroporphyrinogen synthetase (URO-S) activity noticed in Pb administered rats, was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in animals treated either with zinc or with SAM. Hepatic ALA-D activity tended to decrease while renal enzyme activity was not modified by the low level Pb exposure used in this work. Interestingly, SAM treated rats in both tissues exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) higher activities of the enzyme. It is argued that SAM treatment causes a surplus of thiols that allows the full expression of ALA-D catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Porphyria Research Unit, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Abstract
Oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine (DBQ) was assessed in 84 patients (81 male) with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma and in 143 healthy male smokers. 80 (95%) patients and 133 (93%) controls, with a metabolic ratio (MR) below 12.6, were classified as extensive metabolisers of DBQ (no significant difference between patients and controls). Only 1 of the 73 patients with epidermoid or microcytic carcinomas was classified as a poor metaboliser (PM) (P = 0.031 compared with controls). 63 patients (75%) and 110 controls (77%) showed a very fast oxidative rate, with MR values under 1 (not significant). The EM phenotype of DBQ might be a secondary genetic risk factor for developing bronchogenic carcinoma in male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benítez
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Ladero JM, Benítez J, Jara C, Llerena A, Valdivielso MJ, Muñoz JJ, Vargas E. Polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine in women with breast cancer. Oncology 1991; 48:107-10. [PMID: 1997931 DOI: 10.1159/000226906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine (DBQ) was determined in 98 women with breast cancer (mean age 59.2 years, SD 10.7; 18 were premenopausal when diagnosed), and in 446 healthy control women (mean age 25.4 years, SD 9.15). All of them were free of drug interactions with oxidation of DBQ. Ten patients (10.2%), all of them postmenopausal when diagnosed, and 423 controls (5.2%), with values for metabolic ratio of DBQ greater than 12.6, were classified as poor metabolizers (PM) of DBQ (p = 0.006). Relative risk for developing breast cancer among women with PM phenotype was 2.09 (95% confidence limits 0.97-4.48). The PM status of DBQ might be a secondary risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ladero
- Department of Medicine, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Muñoz JJ, De Salamanca RE, Diaz-Obregón C, Timoneda FL. The effect of clobazam on steady state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its metabolites. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 29:763-5. [PMID: 2378792 PMCID: PMC1380180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady state metabolite/parent drug plasma ratios were measured in 15 epileptic patients on carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy and in seven patients treated with CBZ and clobazam (CLB). CBZ plasma concentrations did not differ between the two groups but patients also treated with CLB exhibited higher concentrations of CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-CBZ (CBZ-T). Ratios between all of the metabolites of CBZ and the parent compound were higher in patients on polytherapy but the ratio between metabolites was not different. CLB comedication causes a moderate increase (about 1.5-fold) in CBZ metabolism, probably by inducing its epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Porphyria Research Unit, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Benítez J, Ladero JM, Fernández-Gundín MJ, Llerena A, Cobaleda J, Martínez C, Muñoz JJ, Vargas E, Prados J, González-Rozas F. Polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine in bladder cancer. Ann Med 1990; 22:157-60. [PMID: 2393550 DOI: 10.3109/07853899009147261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine has been determined in 125 patients with bladder cancer and in 556 healthy control subjects; 96.6% of patients and 93.9% of controls with a metabolic ratio of debrisoquine less than 12.6 were classified as extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine (P = NS). The distribution of frequencies of metabolic ratio values tended to have lower values in the patients (P less than 0.05), reflecting a higher oxidative rate of debrisoquine in urothelioma patients that cannot be explained solely in terms of enzymatic induction by drugs, tobacco or alcohol. Patients with a high occupational risk for urothelioma had lower metabolic ratio values (P = 0.03). Our results suggest that oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine might be related to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benítez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Muñoz JJ, Garcia-Cabezas J, Martinez-Verano J, Perez-Oteyza C, Enriquez de Salamanca R. Desferrioxamine in the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda: ineffectiveness of intramuscular administration. J Dermatol 1990; 17:329-31. [PMID: 2380437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1990.tb01651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four patients suffering from porphyria cutanea tarda received intramuscularly 10-15 g per month of desferrioxamine for periods ranging between 21 and 50 months. Porphyrin excretion was serially analyzed during this treatment. Desferrioxamine administration did not induce remission of the disease, which was subsequently achieved after treatment either with phlebotomies or chloroquine. Therefore, chronic intramuscular administration of desferrioxamine alone is ineffective in porphyria cutanea tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos Madrid, Spain
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Benitez J, Ladero JM, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Martinez C, Puerto AM, Valdivielso MJ, Llerena A, Cobaleda J, Muñoz JJ. Oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53:289-92. [PMID: 2341841 PMCID: PMC1014165 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.53.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phenotype and metabolic ratio (MR) of debrisoquine (DBQ) have been determined in 87 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 556 healthy control subjects. Three patients (3.45%) and 34 control subjects (6.12%), having an MR greater than 12.6, were classified as poor metabolisers (PM) of DBQ (ns). The distribution of MR values in the 84 Parkinsonian patients classified as extensive metabolisers (EM) showed a less efficient oxidative rate when compared with controls of the same phenotype (p less than 0.001). This difference may be due to enzymatic inhibition caused by drug treatment in 40 of these patients. As in patients not taking any drug known to inhibit the oxidation of DBQ, distribution of MR values was not different from that in controls. A negative correlation (r = -0.36, p less than 0.02) was found between MR of DBQ and age at onset of disease in patients free of drugs known to interact with DBQ metabolism. A higher rate of DBQ oxidation could be a genetic factor that delays the clinical onset of Parkinson's disease in predisposed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benitez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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25
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Afonso SG, Chinarro S, Muñoz JJ, de Salamanca RE, Batlle AM. Photodynamic and non-photodynamic action of several porphyrins on the activity of some heme-enzymes. J Enzyme Inhib 1990; 3:303-10. [PMID: 2319333 DOI: 10.3109/14756369009030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The action of porphyrins, uroporphyrin I and III (URO I and URO III), pentacarboxylic porphyrin I (PENTA I), coproporphyrin I and III (COPRO I and COPRO III), protoporphyrin IX (PROTO IX) and mesoporphyrin (MESO), on the activity of human erythrocytes delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogenase, deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the dark and under UV light was investigated. Both photoinactivation and light-independent inactivation was found in all four enzymes using URO I as sensitizer. URO III had a similar action as URO I on porphobilinogenase and deaminase and PROTO IX exerted equal effect as URO I on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Photodynamic efficiency of the porphyrins was dependent on their molecular structure. Selective photodecomposition of enzymes by URO I, greater specificity of tumor uptake by URO I and enhanced porphyrin synthesis by tumors from delta-aminolevulic acid, with predominant formation of URO I, underline the possibility of using URO I in detection of malignant cells and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Afonso
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), University of Buenos Aires, Argentine
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26
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Ladero JM, Jimenez FJ, Benitez J, Fernandez-Gundin MJ, Martinez C, Llerena A, Cobaleda J, Muñoz JJ. Acetylator polymorphism in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 37:391-3. [PMID: 2598972 DOI: 10.1007/bf00558506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acetylator phenotype has been determined using sulphamethazine in 100 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 93 age-matched normal control subjects. Sixty-nine patients and 54 control subjects were classified as slow acetylators (NS). No relation was found among acetylator polymorphism and age at onset or clinical stage of disease. Amongst slow acetylators, the percentage of acetylated sulphamethazine in plasma was significantly lower in patients than in controls. Despite this finding, the results do not support any relationship between acetylator polymorphism and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ladero
- Department of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Hepatic acetylator phenotype has been determined, using sulfamethazine, in 81 white Spanish women with histologically proven breast cancer and in 75 adequate female controls. No differences were detected in the distribution of acetylator phenotype between the two groups of slow acetylators, 49 patients (60.5%) and 45 controls (60%). The percentage of acetylated sulfamethazine in plasma for each phenotype was not different either. Our results suggest that there is no relationship between the hepatic acetylator polymorphism and the risk of developing breast cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ladero
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Chinarro S, de Salamanca RE, Perpiñá J, Muñoz JJ, Peña ML. Studies on in vitro formation of complexes between porphyrins and chloroquine. Biochem Int 1983; 6:565-8. [PMID: 6679724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gel filtration and spectrophotometric studies revealed that uroporphyrin, heptacarboxylic-, and pentacarboxylic-porphyrins form in vitro complexes with chloroquine.
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de Salamanca RE, Peña ML, Chinarro S, Olmos A, Mingo D, Molina C, Muñoz JJ. Quantitative and qualitative porphyrin excretion in normal subjects. Int J Biochem 1982; 14:251-4. [PMID: 7067904 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(82)90083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Enríquez de Salamanca R, Mingo D, Chinarro S, Muñoz JJ, Perpiñá J. Patterns of porphyrin-excretion in female estrogen-induced porphyria cutanea tarda. Arch Dermatol Res 1982; 274:179-84. [PMID: 7165364 DOI: 10.1007/bf00510371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the urinary profile of porphyrins excreted by female patients with estrogen-induced porphyria cutanea tarda is peculiar in that heptacarboxylic porphyrin equals or exceeds uroporphyrin. The chromatographic pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion was studied in nine females with porphyria cutanea tarda precipitated by estrogens, 129 porphyric males, and nine females, whose porphyria was not hormone-induced. Both female porphyric groups showed absolutely the same urinary chromatographic pattern and looked quite similar to the pattern observed in male patients. None of our female porphyric patients, whether treated with estrogens or not, showed percentage values for the heptacarboxylic porphyrin higher or equal to the uroporphyrin values. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the profile of urinary porphyrin excretion found in estrogen-induced porphyria cutanea tarda is atypical.
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