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Krantz MJ, Watters A, Oakes J, Frazier M, Mehler PS. Myocardial mechanics and cardiac biomarkers in adults with severe anorexia nervosa. J Echocardiogr 2023:10.1007/s12574-023-00629-5. [PMID: 37989977 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-023-00629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with left ventricular (LV) atrophy and unexplained sudden death. Myocardial mechanics have not been well studied in adults with AN. Whether LV mass or illness duration, markers of AN severity, correlate with abnormal strain imaging is unknown. METHODS We performed a prospective study among patients hospitalized with severe AN (n = 29) [body mass index (BMI) < 14.5 kg/m2] and sex/age-matched controls (n = 16) (BMI > 18.5 kg/m2). LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated via modified-biplane method and LV mass was derived using the truncated ellipsoid formula. Apical 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber images were used to generate regional strain mapping and global longitudinal strain (GLS). N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured and linear regression was used to determine independent predictors of strain. RESULTS Mean LVEF did not differ (65% ± 6.0 vs. 62% ± 4.4, p = 0.06), but LV mass was substantially reduced (61.6 ± 16.8 vs. 97.6 ± 19.1 g, p < .0001). GLS was similar (- 20.6 ± 3.8 vs. - 20.9 ± 2.8, p = 0.82), however, the basal strain was worse (-18.7 ± 4.8 vs. -21.9 ± 4.1, p = 0.03). Lower LV mass was associated with worsening GLS (r = - 0.40, p = 0.003), but not among controls (p = 0.89). Median (IQR) NT-proBNP (pg/ml) was higher in patients with AN [141 (59-257) vs. 35.5 (21-56.5) p = 0.0007]. Both increasing NT-proBNP and illness duration were associated with worsening strain patterns in AN (both p = .001). CONCLUSIONS While LVEF and GLS did not differ, regional strain variation was noted among patients with AN. Elevated NT-proBNP may reflect increased wall tension from LV atrophy. Whether strain heterogeneity can identify patients with AN, at risk for sudden death, requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mori J Krantz
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17Th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17Th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- The ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, 780 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Megan Frazier
- The ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17Th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- The ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, 780 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
- Eating Recovery Center, 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Denver, CO, 80230, USA.
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Kambanis PE, Bottera AR, Mancuso CJ, Cass K, Lohse K, Benabe J, Oakes J, Watters A, Johnson C, Mehler P, Young KPD. Delusionality of beliefs among 50 adult females with severe and extreme anorexia nervosa upon admission to an acute medical stabilization facility. Eat Disord 2022; 31:353-361. [PMID: 36282147 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2022.2135982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether the content of eating/body image-related beliefs in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) was associated with important aspects of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. Females with AN completed assessments within 96 hours of admission to an inpatient medical stabilization program. Study staff administered the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale and participants completed self-report measures. We derived belief content domains using an inductive approach and examined associations between beliefs and clinical variables. The following belief categories emerged (% with a belief in that category): body image beliefs (64%), food beliefs (30%), body function beliefs (20%), rejection of illness beliefs (12%), morality beliefs (10%), and control beliefs (6%). No one belief domain was significantly associated with greater delusional intensity. However, findings indicate that greater delusionality was generally associated with worse ED psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamila Cass
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States
| | - Kristen Lohse
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States
| | - Jodie Benabe
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | | | - Philip Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States.,Eating Recovery Center, Denver, United States
| | - Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, United States
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3
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Mann SE, Hollis J, Frederics T, Watters A, Oakes J, Cass SP, Mehler PS. Transient patulous eustachian tube in severe anorexia nervosa: A prospective observational study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1143-1149. [PMID: 36000034 PMCID: PMC9392393 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To understand the presence of transient autophony symptoms in patients being treated for severe anorexia nervosa (AN), and whether those symptoms were due to patulous eustachian tube (PET). Methods A prospective observational study was performed in patients requiring admission for treatment of severe AN. All enrolled patients completed The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) and were screened for symptoms of autophony. If patients reported autophony and had a score of ≥14.5 on the ETDQ‐7 they were asked to undergo comprehensive audiological testing and an evaluation with an otolaryngologist. Results Of the 73 patients enrolled in the study, 35 patients (44%) reported autophony and 36 (49%) scored 14.5 or higher on the ETDQ‐7. Of the 16 (22%) patients who had both autophony and an ETDQ‐7 score of 14.5 or higher, 7 patient s (representing 11 symptomatic ears) underwent evaluations by audiology and otolaryngology. Every evaluation of a symptomatic ear revealed objective evidence of PET. Nine of 11 (81.8%) symptomatic ears had subjectively resolved within 12 days of admission after nutritional rehabilitation and weight gain. Conclusion Transient autophony in severe AN patients is due to PET, and was present in at least 8% of patients within our cohort. Further study is warranted to understand the quality of life impact and pathophysiology of transient PET in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Surgery Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
| | - Jeff Hollis
- Department of Medicine Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
| | - Trudy Frederics
- Audiology Services Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- Department of Medicine Denver Health Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
| | - Stephen P. Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Philip S. Mehler
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver Colorado USA
- Eating Recovery Center Denver Colorado USA
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4
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Hollis J, Mann S, Watters A, Oakes J, Mehler PS. Autophony in inpatients with anorexia nervosa or avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:388-392. [PMID: 34993986 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess for the prevalence of autophony, a distressing auditory symptom commonly attributed to patulous eustachian tube, in a cohort of individuals with severe malnourishment due to an eating disorder. METHOD A cross-sectional survey study was performed. Patients admitted for inpatient medical stabilization of an eating disorder, who were also at low body weight, were asked to complete a survey assessing aural symptoms present in the previous 24 hr, including autophony. Anthropometric data and prealbumin levels were collected. RESULTS Of 101 patients enrolled, 43 (42.6%) reported symptoms of autophony. The presence of autophony was associated with lower serum prealbumin levels and lower body weight as measured by percentage of ideal body weight. DISCUSSION Autophony is a commonly reported, albeit rarely discussed, symptom in individuals with severe eating disorders and correlates with degree of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Hollis
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott Mann
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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5
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De Young K, Bottera A, Kambanis E, Mancuso C, Cass K, Lohse K, Benabe J, Oakes J, Watters A, Johnson C, Mehler P. Delusional intensity as a prognostic indicator among individuals with severe to extreme anorexia nervosa hospitalized at an acute medical stabilization program. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:215-222. [PMID: 34773668 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorder-related beliefs among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) often approach delusional intensity. Research to date on delusional beliefs in AN has been cross sectional. Thus, it is unknown how the intensity of delusional beliefs changes over time and if such change has prognostic value. METHOD We assessed 50 individuals with severe to extreme AN (≥18 years old; M [SD] body mass index =12.7[1.3] kg/m2 ) at an inpatient medical stabilization facility within 96 hr of admission; 35 (70%) also completed the assessment at discharge (M[SD] = 25.53[13.21] days). Participants completed the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale and a battery of self-report measures of eating disorder-related psychopathology. RESULTS The admission-to-discharge decrease in delusional intensity was not significant (p = .592; Hedges g = .10). Tests of predictive effects indicated that higher delusional intensity at intake predicted higher fear of fatness and restrictive eating, two hallmark features of AN, but not BMI, body checking, feared food avoidance, eating disorder-related impairment, depression, binge eating, or purging behavior at discharge. DISCUSSION Although the delusional intensity of eating disorder beliefs did not significantly improve over this relatively brief interval, delusional intensity may be associated with the severity of central eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. Delusional intensity may therefore be a negative prognostic indicator, possibly warranting further treatment. Future research should examine changes in delusional intensity over longer intervals and test whether specifically targeting delusional beliefs improves treatment outcomes among individuals with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Angeline Bottera
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Evelyna Kambanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Kamila Cass
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen Lohse
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jodie Benabe
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Philip Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Fouladi F, Bulik-Sullivan EC, Glenny EM, Thornton LM, Reed KK, Thomas S, Kleiman S, Watters A, Oakes J, Huh EY, Tang Q, Liu J, Djukic Z, Harper L, Trillo-Ordoñez Y, Sun S, Blakely I, Mehler PS, Fodor AA, Tarantino LM, Bulik CM, Carroll IM. Reproducible changes in the anorexia nervosa gut microbiota following inpatient therapy remain distinct from non-eating disorder controls. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2143217. [PMID: 36398862 PMCID: PMC9678007 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2143217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the ability of this microbial community to influence the host, remains uncertain. To achieve a broader understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in patients with AN, we collected fecal samples before and following clinical treatment at two geographically distinct eating disorder units (Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders [UNC-CH] and ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders [Denver Health]). Gut microbiotas were characterized in patients with AN, before and after inpatient treatment, and in non-eating disorder (non-ED) controls using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The impact of inpatient treatment on the AN gut microbiota was remarkably consistent between eating disorder units. Although weight in patients with AN showed improvements, AN microbiotas post-treatment remained distinct from non-ED controls. Additionally, AN gut microbiotas prior to treatment exhibited more fermentation pathways and a lower ability to degrade carbohydrates than non-ED controls. As the intestinal microbiota can influence nutrient metabolism, our data highlight the complex microbial communities in patients with AN as an element needing further attention post inpatient treatment. Additionally, this study defines the effects of renourishment on the AN gut microbiota and serves as a platform to develop precision nutrition approaches to potentially mitigate impediments to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fouladi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223, USA
| | - Emily C. Bulik-Sullivan
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Elaine M. Glenny
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Kylie K. Reed
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Susan Kleiman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition at Denver Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO80204, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition at Denver Health, Department of Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Denver Health Hospital Authority, Denver, CO80204, USA
| | - Eun-Young Huh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Quyen Tang
- Graduate School of Professional Psychology, Morrison Family College of Health, University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Zorka Djukic
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Lauren Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Yesel Trillo-Ordoñez
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223, USA
| | - Ivory Blakely
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223, USA
| | - Philip S. Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition at Denver Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO80204, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC28223, USA
| | - Lisa M. Tarantino
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA,CONTACT Ian M. Carroll Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
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7
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Watters A, Johnson RJ, Bauschka M, Oakes J, Kelley M, Mehler PS. Uric acid levels in adult patients with severe eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:141-144. [PMID: 34850969 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate serum uric acid (UA) levels in patients with extreme forms of eating disorders, at admission and discharge, following weeks of nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration. METHOD This observational study enrolled 160 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (AN-R), AN binge-purge subtype (AN-BP), or avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Serum UA levels were drawn on admission and discharge. RESULTS Most of the cohorts were admitted with serum UA levels on the lower end of normal. Mean serum uric level for women was 4.3 mg/dl (SD: 2.3). Patients diagnosed with AN-BP had significantly higher UA levels on admission compared to patients with AN-R and ARFID; p < .0001, η2 = 0.13. High UA levels positively correlated with purging and admission serum blood urea nitrogen (r = .5, p = .009). DISCUSSION Serum UA levels tended to be in the low-normal range in most patients with severe AN-R, but not in AN-BP. However, levels did increase with nutritional intake and weight gain. There may be clinical value in checking UA levels on admission for patients with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maryrose Bauschka
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Marina Kelley
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Gibson D, Benabe J, Watters A, Oakes J, Mehler PS. Personality characteristics and medical impact of stimulant laxative abuse in eating disorder patients-a pilot study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 34736530 PMCID: PMC8567337 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulant laxative abuse as a purging behavior can be profound in those with eating disorders. However, the psychopathology leading to stimulant laxative abuse is poorly understood. Furthermore, the medical impact of stimulant laxative abuse has not been studied in this population. METHODS Six individuals abusing stimulant laxatives underwent a barium enema to assess for evidence of the cathartic colon syndrome and 29 individuals engaging in any purging behaviors completed the Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire-Short Form, Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires. RESULTS Three of the six patients completing the barium enema had the radiographic findings consistent with cathartic colon. Individuals engaging in laxative abuse showed higher Novelty Seeking compared to those engaging in other forms of purging, and those engaging in any form of purging behavior showed greater Sensitivity to Punishment compared to Sensitivity to Reward. There was also the presence of greater Harm Avoidance than Reward Dependence in this population. CONCLUSION There may be different psychopathology that contributes to the abuse of stimulant laxatives than that associated with other forms of purging. Regardless of the driving factor, further research is warranted to discover best therapeutic interventions given the potential to develop the cathartic colon syndrome with ongoing use of stimulant laxatives. Cathartic colon is a condition whereby the colon, or lower intestine, is converted into an inert tube incapable of propagating fecal matter. It is thought to develop due to over-use of stimulant laxatives. However, it is unclear if this condition truly exists and whether it contributes to the constipation experienced by individuals with eating disorders who have extensive past histories of abusing laxatives. It is also unclear if laxative abuse presents with different medical complications than other forms of purging. The purpose of this study is to determine whether radiographic evidence of cathartic colon can be found in eating disorder patients abusing stimulant laxatives, whether there are different medical complications with laxative abuse versus other forms of purging, and to examine the psychological composition of individuals who engage in severe laxative abuse. Specifically, the authors investigated the interrelationship between Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence, with emphasis on gaining a better understanding of Reward Dependence by examining both Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment in patients who engage in severe laxative abuse. Our findings suggest that stimulant laxative abuse may cause the development of cathartic colon changes and that there may be unique psychopathology that contributes to the abuse of stimulant laxatives. Given the higher Novelty Seeking personality-dimension in those abusing laxatives, it is possible that this purging behavior may be considered addiction-like in nature, which would have distinct treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jodie Benabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, 780 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Eating Recovery Center, 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Denver, CO, 80230, USA
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9
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Pal A, Oakes J, Elnagheeb M, Ideraabdullah FY. Maternal Microdeletion at the H19/Igf2 ICR in Mice Increases Offspring Susceptibility to In Utero Environmental Perturbation. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720970575. [PMID: 33313480 PMCID: PMC7716063 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720970575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of methyl donor nutrients folate, choline, and methionine (methyl deficiency) during gestation can impair fetal development and perturb DNA methylation. Here, we assessed genetic susceptibility to methyl deficiency by comparing effects in wildtype C57BL/6J (B6) mice to mutant mice carrying a 1.3 kb deletion at the H19/Igf2 Imprinting Control Region (ICR) (H19 ICRΔ2,3). The H19 ICRΔ2,3 mutation mimics microdeletions observed in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients, who exhibit epimutations in cis that cause loss of imprinting and fetal overgrowth. Dams were treated during pregnancy with 1 of 4 methyl sufficient (MS) or methyl deficient (MD) diets, with or without the antibiotic commonly used to deplete folate producing gut microbes. As expected, after ~9 weeks of treatment, dams in MD and MD + antibiotic groups exhibited substantially reduced plasma folate concentrations. H19 ICRΔ2,3 mutant lines were more susceptible to adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by methyl deficiency (reduced birth rate and increased pup lethality) and antibiotic (decreased litter size and litter survival). Surprisingly, pup growth/development was only minimally affected by methyl deficiency, while antibiotic treatment caused inverse effects on B6 and H19 ICRΔ2,3 lines. B6 pups treated with antibiotic exhibited increased neonatal and weanling bodyweight, while both wildtype and mutant pups of heterozygous H19 ICRΔ2,3/+ dams exhibited decreased neonatal bodyweight that persisted into adulthood. Interestingly, only antibiotic-treated pups carrying the H19 ICRΔ2,3 mutation exhibited altered DNA methylation at the H19/Igf2 ICR, suggesting ICR epimutation was not sufficient to explain the altered phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that genetic mutation of the H19/Igf2 ICR increases offspring susceptibility to developmental perturbation in the methyl deficiency model, maternal and pup genotype play an essential role, and antibiotic treatment in the model also plays a key independent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Marwa Elnagheeb
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Tabarsi N, Levy R, Rychel V, Kiess M, Swiston J, Oakes J, Grewal J. Pregnancy among women with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A changing landscape? Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:490-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Bolnick A, Bolnick J, Kilburn B, Oakes J, Dai J, Diamond M, Dey S, Armant D. Homeobox transcription factor msx1 is reduced in human endometrial biopsies of women from infertile couples. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Oakes J, Pols R, Battersby M, Lawn S, Pulvirenti M, Smith D. A focus group study of predictors of relapse in electronic gaming machine problem gambling, part 2: factors that 'pull' the gambler away from relapse. J Gambl Stud 2012; 28:465-79. [PMID: 21989572 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-011-9267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an empirically based description of relapse in Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) problem gambling (PG) by describing the processes and factors that 'pull' the problem gambler away from relapse contrasted with the 'push' towards relapse. These conceptualisations describe two opposing, interacting emotional processes occurring within the problem gambler during any relapse episode. Each relapse episode comprises a complex set of psychological and social behaviours where many factors interact sequentially and simultaneously within the problem gambler to produce a series of mental and behaviour events that end (1) with relapse where 'push' overcomes 'pull' or (2) continued abstinence where 'pull' overcomes 'push'. Four focus groups comprising thirty participants who were EGM problem gamblers, gamblers' significant others, therapists and counsellors described their experiences and understanding of relapse. The groups were recorded, recordings were then transcribed and analysed using thematic textual analysis. It was established that vigilance, motivation to commit to change, positive social support, cognitive strategies such as remembering past gambling harms or distraction techniques to avoid thinking about gambling to enable gamblers to manage the urge to gamble and urge extinction were key factors that protected against relapse. Three complementary theories emerged from the analysis. Firstly, a process of reappraisal of personal gambling behaviour pulls the gambler away from relapse. This results in a commitment to change that develops over time and affects but is independent of each episode of relapse. Secondly, relapse may be halted by interacting factors that 'pull' the problem gambler away from the sequence of mental and behavioural events, which follow the triggering of the urge and cognitions to gamble. Thirdly, urge extinction and apparent 'cure' is possible for EGM gambling. This study provides a qualitative, empirical model for understanding protective factors against gambling relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oakes
- Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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13
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Halwani Y, Nicolau-Toulouse V, Oakes J, Leipsic J, Geoffrion R, Wiseman SM. Transvaginal strangulated small intestinal hernia after abdominal sacrocolpopexy: case report and literature review. Hernia 2011; 17:279-83. [PMID: 21761210 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of transvaginal small intestinal hernia following abdominal sacrocolpopexy and review this clinical presentation in the current literature. METHODS A review of our case and a literature review of vaginal evisceration were carried out. RESULTS The patient underwent sacrocolpopexy and a Burch procedure. Six months later, a recurrent enterocele through a 1 cm defect in the vaginal vault was diagnosed. Several weeks later she presented with an incarcerated and strangulated loop of small intestine extending beyond the introitus. This required an urgent exploratory laparotomy, ileocecal resection, and vaginal vault closure. Postoperatively, she experienced gradual prolapse recurrence and is currently successfully managed with a pessary. Risk factors that include vaginal atrophy, chronic constipation, and previous pelvic surgery may have contributed to the evisceration, mesh erosion, and may have caused the breakdown in the vaginal vault mucosa ultimately responsible for the evisceration. In addition, placement of the sacrocolpopexy mesh without tension, and utilization of an interposition graft to reinforce the weakened vaginal vault tissue, are aspects of the surgical procedure that may influence outcomes. At the time of evisceration repair, the best approach to resuspend the vaginal vault, and prevent recurrent prolapse or evisceration, is currently unknown. CONCLUSION Vaginal evisceration is a potential complication of abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Early recognition and treatment of this complication is critical, and prolapse recurrence may occur even after surgical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Halwani
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, C 303-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 3W8, Canada
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14
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Tubbs RS, Louis RG, Loukas M, Gupta AA, Shoja MM, Oakes J. The first description of the palmaris brevis muscle. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2007; 32:382-3. [PMID: 17950193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhse.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Giovanni Battista Canano was born in Italy in 1515 and his work has gone mostly unknown. Very few copies of this anatomist and physician's book are known to exist. Interestingly, Canano reported and depicted what we believe, to be the first description of the palmaris brevis muscle. This description would be some 200 years prior to what is thought to be the earliest mention of this muscle by William Cheselden in his book, The Anatomy of the Human Body, published in 1713.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Tubbs
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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15
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Ikonomou MG, Higgs DA, Gibbs M, Oakes J, Skura B, McKinley S, Balfry SK, Jones S, Withler R, Dubetz C. Flesh quality of market-size farmed and wild British Columbia salmon. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:437-43. [PMID: 17310704 DOI: 10.1021/es060409+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the flesh quality of farmed and wild sources of British Columbia (BC) salmon with respect to concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans and their associated toxic equivalents, total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and selected fatty acids of known importance for human health viz., omega-3 (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs) and (n-6) fatty acids. Skinned fillets from known sources of farmed Atlantic, coho, and chinook salmon (n = 110) and wild coho, chinook, chum, sockeye, and pink salmon (n = 91) were examined. Atlantic salmon contained higher PCB concentrations (means, 28-38 ng/g) than farmed coho or chinook salmon, and levels in these latter species were similar to those in wild counterparts (means, 2.8-13.7 ng/g). PCB levels in Atlantic salmon flesh were, nevertheless, 53-71-fold less than the level of concern for human consumption of fish, i.e., 2000 ng/g as established by Health Canada and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA). Similarly, THg and MeHg levels in all samples were well below the Health Canada guideline (0.5 microg/g) and the US-FDA action level (1.0 microg/g). On average, THg in farmed salmon (0.021 microg/g) was similar to or lower than wild salmon (0.013-0.077 microg/g). Atlantic salmon were a richer source (mean, 2.34 g/100 g fillet) of n-3 HUFAs than the other farmed and wild sources of salmon examined (means, 0.39-1.17 g/100 g). The present findings support the recommended weekly consumption guidelines for oily fish species (includes all BC salmon sources) for cardio-protective benefits as made by the American Heart Association and the UK Food Standards Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ikonomou
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada.
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17
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Sharma KK, Rao BSM, Mohan H, Mittal JP, Oakes J, O'Neill P. Free-Radical-Induced Oxidation and Reduction of 1-Arylazo-2-naphthol Dyes: A Radiation Chemical Study. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014025b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Sharma
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
| | - B. S. M. Rao
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
| | - H. Mohan
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
| | - J. P. Mittal
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
| | - J. Oakes
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
| | - P. O'Neill
- National Centre for Free Radical Research, Deparment of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune − 411 007, India, Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai − 400 085, India, Unilever Research, Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 3JW, U.K., and Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, MRC, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, Oxfordshire OX11 ORD, U.K
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Abstract
Nonlinearity in the diastereoselectivity of epoxidation of allylic alcohols with mixtures of titanium isopropoxide, tertbutyl hydroperoxide, and diethyl tartrate was observed. Racemic and enantiomerically pure alcohols E-2-methyl-4-hexen-3-ol and E-1-methoxy-5-(O-tertbutyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-penten-4-ol were prepared. Epoxidation reactions were carried out with Ti(OPri)4 and ButOOH accompanied by diethyl tartrate of varying enantiomeric purity. The simplest explanation of these results is that a dimeric epoxidation reagent is involved, with significantly different reactivity for the homochiral and racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- Dyson Perrins Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Grant J, Radkowski MA, De Leon G, Oakes J. Seven-month-old child with rapidly increasing head circumference. Pediatr Neurosurg 1998; 28:154-9. [PMID: 9705594 DOI: 10.1159/000028640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USA
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Abstract
Two cases of fusiform cerebral aneurysms in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children are presented. To our knowledge, only 9 patients with this association have been reported. One of our patients represents the first report of a patient with an aneurysm associated with varicella-zoster vasculitis. One patient presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, Hunt-Hess grade IV, and posed difficult surgical management. The other patient suffered a cerebral infarct with a resulting hemiparesis. The first patient had a ventriculostomy placed, initially improved, and subsequently died from rebleeding. The second patient improved with medical management. AIDS arteriopathy, and specifically fusiform aneurysms, are being increasingly reported. The various presentations of this surgically challenging entity in light of other AIDS-related syndromes pose difficult management decisions. On occasion, the intracranial aneurysm may be the initial form of presentation as was present in our first patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Fulmer
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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21
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Abstract
Components of the translational machinery of the cell, including ribosomal proteins, are generally considered to be clear examples of housekeeping genes with a spatially ubiquitous distribution of messenger RNA during embryonic development. Here we present data based upon in situ hybridization experiments as well as RNase protection assays, demonstrating that Xenopus ribosomal protein gene S1 is differentially expressed in a complex and spatially distinct pattern during embryogenesis. We observed dramatically high levels of expression in some tissues, such as the branchial arches, otic vesicles, optic vesicles and somites and virtually no expression in other tissues, such as the cement gland, epidermis and notochord. Moreover, ribosomal protein genes S22, L1, and L5 display expression patterns nearly identical to S1. Our data is consistent with a model of ribosomal gene expression according to which ribosomal protein genes (or perhaps a subset of ribosomal protein genes) may be expressed at low levels in all tissues, but are abundantly expressed in other cell types reflecting a dynamic and complex pattern of transcriptional control throughout embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scholnick
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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22
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Newton M, Gilbert B, Smith J, Oakes J. Hydrogen peroxide induced oxidation of azo dyes catalysed by manganese 1,4,7-triazacyclononane complexes. J Inorg Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(97)80087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We report a case of homologous skin transplantation from a stillborn twin to the surviving twin for coverage of a myelomeningocele defect. Genetic studies were not available preoperatively, however, similar morphogenetic anomalies of the twins suggested monozygosity. Long-term follow-up revealed a well-healed graft. Cutaneous genetics and literature review of twin homologous skin transplantation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Barwick
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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24
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DeLong R, Friedman H, Friedman N, Gustafson K, Oakes J. Methylphenidate in neuropsychological sequelae of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of childhood brain tumors and leukemia. J Child Neurol 1992; 7:462-3. [PMID: 1469256 DOI: 10.1177/088307389200700425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Oakes J, Teasdale K. Emotional support can precipitate recovery. Setting up a counselling service for breast cancer patients. Prof Nurse 1992; 7:778, 780, 782-3. [PMID: 1513829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many women who are diagnosed with breast cancer do not receive the counselling and support they require. Nurse counsellors are well-equipped to take on this responsibility, and can help women consider their treatment options.
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were used to study severe syringomyelia, in which the syrinx was so eccentric relative to the center of the spinal cord that at initial examination it appeared to be an exophytic extramedullary mass, in five of six patients with type 2 Arnold-Chiari malformation and one patient with an intramedullary tumor. Sagittal and axial images were routinely obtained at 1.5 T; CT was performed after intrathecal injection of contrast material. On sagittal MR images, the exophytic component of the syrinx typically displaced the spinal cord peripherally and mimicked an extramedullary intradural lesion such as an arachnoid cyst or meningioma. On axial MR images, the gradual appearance and disappearance of this component could be traced as it compressed the spinal cord, which had a signet-ring appearance at the equator of the syrinx. It is concluded that both MR imaging and postmyelographic CT can reveal the characteristics of this lesion on axial images, but MR imaging is superior because it enables direct sagittal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Heinz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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27
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Bannister P, Oakes J, Sheridan P, Losowsky MS. Sex hormone changes in chronic liver disease: a matched study of alcoholic versus non-alcoholic liver disease. Q J Med 1987; 63:305-13. [PMID: 2960998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Men with liver disease are hypogonadal and feminized. European workers consider the liver disease itself to be the major factor but American workers blame alcohol consumption. We studied sexual dysfunction and sex hormones in three matched groups of men; controls (n = 22), those with alcoholic liver disease (n = 21), and those with non-alcoholic liver disease (n = 21). Men with alcoholic liver disease had more sexual dysfunction. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations were lower and oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels were raised in the liver disease groups. The changes were greatest in the alcoholic liver disease group. In this, the first controlled study, liver disease per se appears to cause sexual dysfunction and sex hormone changes but these changes are amplified by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bannister
- Department of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds
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28
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Trejdosiewicz LK, Malizia G, Oakes J, Losowsky MS, Janossy G. Expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA gp100) in the brush border of normal jejunum and jejunum of patients with coeliac disease. J Clin Pathol 1985; 38:1002-6. [PMID: 2931454 PMCID: PMC499349 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.38.9.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the gp100 common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA) was studied in the mucosa of the gut by means of indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat tissue sections with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies to common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (anti-CALLA antibodies) and two antibodies to non-CALLA leukaemic antigens. Expression of CALLA was absent from normal stomach epithelium, adult and fetal colonic epithelium of normal histology, and colonic epithelium from patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. By contrast, all eight anti-CALLA antibodies gave a characteristic reaction in normal adult and fetal small bowel mucosa, with specific localisation to the entire brush border of jejunal epithelium. Whereas seven of these antibodies reacted both with normal jejunal epithelium and with the damaged epithelium of patients with coeliac disease, antibody RFAL-2 reacted strongly only with histologically normal small bowel but more weakly in patients with coeliac disease to a degree related to the amount of histological abnormality. Expression of the moeity like CALLA identified with RFAL-2 was strongest in crypt epithelium and proportionally diminished along the villi according to the amount of histological damage in coeliac disease, being essentially absent in patients with "subtotal villous atrophy."
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Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) requires activation to the metabolites FdUMP and FUTP for its cytotoxic effect. This activation involves the intracellular enzymes uridine and thymidine phosphorylase. We have assayed the levels of these enzymes in colorectal and gastric cancers and have shown that, in the majority of cases, the enzyme levels were higher than in the adjacent normal mucosa. It is suggested that, while the ratio tumour/normal mucosa enzyme activity may give some indication of the relative toxicity of 5-FU in these tissues, the absolute activities of the phosphorylases in tumour tissue could give a better indication of tumour responsiveness.
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Sage MR, Dubois PJ, Oakes J, Rothman S, Heinz ER, Drayer BP. Case report. Rapid development of cerebral atrophy due to perinatal herpes simplex encephalitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1981; 5:763-6. [PMID: 7298955 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-198110000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is reported in which diffuse cerebral hemorrhagic lesions were seen in the neonatal period. Severe progressive cortical atrophy with parenchymal calcification developed over the subsequent 9 months, resulting in a striking computed tomography (CT) appearance. The range of CT findings in neonatal HSV encephalitis is reviewed, and differential diagnostic considerations in the present case are discussed.
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32
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Oakes J. Magnetic-resonance studies of the interactions between bovine-serum albumin and surfactants. 1. Nature of binding site. Eur J Biochem 1973; 36:553-8. [PMID: 4354342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Oakes J, Cafe MC. Magnetic-resonance studies of the interactions between bovine-serum albumin and surfactants. 2. Effect of surfactants on the structure of bovine-serum albumin. Eur J Biochem 1973; 36:559-63. [PMID: 4354343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Oakes J, Slater J, Symons MCR. Solvation spectra. Part 31.—Electron spin resonance studies of ion-pair formation between nitrobenzene anions and sodium or t-butylammonium cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9706600546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oakes J, Symons MCR. Solvation spectra. Part 30.—E.s.r. spectra of substituted p-benzosemiquinone anions as a function of solvent, cation, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9706600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oakes J. Pastoral care of the dying and the bereaved. Dist Nurs 1969; 11:256-8. [PMID: 5191889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Butler RN, Oakes J, Symons MCR. Unstable intermediates. Part LII. The reaction of tetracyanoethylene with dimethyl sulphoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1039/j19680001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oakes J, Symons MCR. Solvation spectra. Part 24.—Effect of solvent on the electron spin resonance spectra of 2,6-dimethyl- and related p-benzosemiquinones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9686402579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Claxton TA, Oakes J, Symons MCR. Solvation spectra. Part 22.—Effect of ionic association on the electron spin resonance spectrum of 2,6-Dimethyl-p-benzosemiquinone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9686400596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Claxton TA, Oakes J, Symons MCR. Solvation spectra. Part 19.—Electron spin resonance spectrum of monoprotonated 2,6-dimethylbenzosemiquinone and its solvent dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/tf9676302125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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