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Zhang SL, Liu C, Li ZX, Guan YH, Ge L, Sun Q, Liu JA, Lin YJ, Yang ZX, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Sonoactivated Cascade Fenton Reaction Enhanced by Synergistic Modulation of Electron-Hole Separation for Improved Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300982. [PMID: 37439543 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging targeted treatment technique for tumors via the generation of highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) governed by tumor microenvironment-assisted Fenton reaction. Despite high effectiveness, it faces limitations like low reaction efficiency and limited endogenous H2 O2 , compromising its therapeutic efficacy. This study reports a novel platform with enhanced CDT performance by in situ sono-activated cascade Fenton reaction. A piezoelectric g-C3 N4 (Au-Fe-g-C3 N4 ) nanosheet is developed via sono-activated synergistic effect/H2 O2 self-supply mediated cascade Fenton reaction, realizing in situ ultrasound activated cascade Fenton reaction kinetics by synergistic modulation of electron-hole separation. The nanosheets consist of piezoelectric g-C3 N4 nanosheet oxidizing H2 O to highly reactive H2 O2 from the valence band, Fe3+ /Fe2+ cycling activated by conduction band to generate ·OH, and Au nanoparticles that lower the bandgap and further adopt electrons to generate more 1 O2 , resulting in improved CDT and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Moreover, the Au-Fe-g-C3 N4 nanosheet is further modified by the targeted peptide to obtain P-Au-Fe-g-C3 N4 , which inhibits tumor growth in vivo effectively by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results demonstrated that the sono-activated modulation translates into a high-efficiency CDT with a synergistic effect using SDT for improved anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Zhang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Li
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying-Hua Guan
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Ge
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong-Jun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zi-Xin Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
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Di DS, Zhang JL, Wei MH, Zhou HL, Cui Y, Zhang RY, Tong YQ, Liu JA, Wang Q. An evaluation index system for regional mobile SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid testing capacity in China: a modified Delphi consensus study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1080. [PMID: 36002820 PMCID: PMC9399982 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale detection has great potential to bring benefits for containing the COVID-19 epidemic and supporting the government in reopening economic activities. Evaluating the true regional mobile severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus nucleic acid testing capacity is essential to improve the overall fighting performance against this epidemic and maintain economic development. However, such a tool is not available in this issue. We aimed to establish an evaluation index system for assessing the regional mobile SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid testing capacity and provide suggestions for improving the capacity level. Methods The initial version of the evaluation index system was identified based on massive literature and expert interviews. The Delphi method questionnaire was designed and 30 experts were consulted in two rounds of questionnaire to select and revise indexes at all three levels. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method was used to calculate the weight of indexes at all three levels. Results The evaluation index system for assessing the regional mobile SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid testing capacity, including 5 first-level indexes, 17 second-level indexes, and 90 third-level indexes. The response rates of questionnaires delivered in the two rounds of consultation were 100 and 96.7%. Furthermore, the authority coefficient of 30 experts was 0.71. Kendall’s coordination coefficient differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The weighted values of capacity indexes were established at all levels according to the consistency test, demonstrating that ‘Personnel team construction’ (0.2046) came first amongst the five first-level indexes, followed by ‘Laboratory performance building and maintenance’ (0.2023), ‘Emergency response guarantee’ (0.1989), ‘Information management system for nucleic acid testing resources’ (0.1982) and ‘Regional mobile nucleic acid testing emergency response system construction’ (0.1959). Conclusion The evaluation system for assessing the regional mobile SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid testing capacity puts forward a specific, objective, and quantifiable evaluation criterion. The evaluation system can act as a tool for diversified subjects to find the weak links and loopholes. It also provides a measurable basis for authorities to improve nucleic acid testing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ye-Qing Tong
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhou HL, Wei MH, Cui Y, Di DS, Song WJ, Zhang RY, Liu JA, Wang Q. Association Between Water Intake and Mortality Risk-Evidence From a National Prospective Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:822119. [PMID: 35495952 PMCID: PMC9039539 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.822119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the association between water intake and mortality risk, and the findings were inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to explore the water intake–mortality association, utilizing the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the 2015 public-linked mortality files released by the National Center for Health Statistics. Methods We used the diet- and mortality-linked data of a total of 35,463 adults (17,234 men) aged ≥20 years in the NHANESs 1999–2014 to perform a prospective study. The multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the associations of the amount of water intake (expressed by total water, plain water, beverage, and food water) and water intake proportion (expressed by the percentage of each kind of water) with mortality risks due to all causes, malignant neoplasms/cancer, and heart disease. The restricted cubic spline plots were adopted to clarify the dose–response relationships among them. Results With a median of 88 months (interquartile range: 49–136 months) follow-up, a total of 4,915 all-cause deaths occurred, including 1,073 and 861 deaths from malignant neoplasms/cancer and heart disease, respectively. The amount of water intake in either type was negatively associated with all-cause mortality risk. Additionally, the negative linear dose–response relationships of water intake and all-cause mortality risk were found for all types of water except for food water, which followed a non-linear pattern. Similarly, compared to the lowest quartile (beverage water intake: <676 g/day; food water intake: <532 g/day), beverage and food water intakes in the range of 1,033–1,524 and 1,612–3,802 g/day were associated with decreased malignant neoplasms/cancer mortality risk. A U-shaped dose–response relationship was found for beverage water intake and malignant neoplasms/cancer mortality risk and a negative linear dose–response relationship was found for food water intake and malignant neoplasms/cancer mortality risk. Coffee and/or tea consumption was/were negatively associated with mortality risks due to all causes and malignant neoplasms/cancer. No significant associations of water intake proportion and mortality risks were found. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that higher water intake is associated with lower mortality risks among the United States population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang Q, Xu W, Cheng M, Zhang S, Kovaleva EG, Liang F, Tian D, Liu JA, Abdelhameed RM, Cheng J, Li H. Controlled release of drug molecules by pillararene-modified nanosystems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3255-3269. [PMID: 35195641 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanosystems have attracted the interest of researchers due to their intelligent function of controlled release regulated by a variety of external stimuli and have been applied in biomedical fields. Pillar[n]arenes with the advantages of a rigid structure, electron holes and easy functionalization are considered as excellent candidates for the construction of host-guest nanosystems. In recent years, many pillararene modified nanosystems have been reported in response to different stimuli. In this feature article, we summarize the advance of stimuli-responsive pillararene modified nanosystems for controlled release of drugs from the perspectives of decomposition release and gated release, focusing on the control principles of these nanosystems. We expect that this review can enlighten and guide investigators in the field of stimuli-responsive controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, Mira Street, 28, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Hubei Key Laboratory, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Demei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-An Liu
- The Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Reda M Abdelhameed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Siza, P.O. 12311, Egypt.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
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Di HK, Gan Y, Lu K, Wang C, Zhu Y, Meng X, Xia WQ, Xu MZ, Feng J, Tian QF, He Y, Nie ZQ, Liu JA, Song FJ, Lu ZX. Maternal smoking status during pregnancy and low birth weight in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies published from 1986 to 2020. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:176-185. [PMID: 35089538 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) in offspring and global risk estimates have not been summarized previously. We aimed to systematically explore evidence regarding maternal smoking and the LBW risk in offspring globally and examine possible causes of heterogeneity across relevant studies. METHODS Comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline (R), and Web of science from inception until October 2021 was carried out. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots was used to further examine the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Literature searches yielded 4940 articles, of which 53 met inclusion criteria (comprising 55 independent studies). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of LBW in offspring (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.80-1.98). Furthermore, an obvious dose-response relationship between the amount of cigarettes daily smoked in pregnancy and the risk of LBW in offspring was observed. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that the risk of maternal smoking on LBW was larger in more recently conducted studies (P = 0.020) and longer period of active smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.002). No evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS In summary, maternal smoking in pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of LBW in offspring on a global scale. The risk of maternal smoking on infant LBW seems to be increasing over time, and was higher with longer smoking duration throughout pregnancy and more cigarettes smoked daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kun Di
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Xia
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min-Zhi Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Feng Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Nie
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Jian Song
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR47TJ, UK.
| | - Zu-Xun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Zhao M, Xu Z, Guo Q, Gan Y, Wang Q, Liu JA. Association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Environ Res 2022; 204:112352. [PMID: 34762927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and hypertension. However, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES Considering the limitations of previous meta-analyses and the publication of many new studies in recent years, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in a healthy population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published until April 2, 2021 and reviewed the reference lists of previous reviews. A total of 28 observational studies reporting RR or OR with 95% CI for the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the risk of hypertension were included. RESULTS After the sensitivity analysis, we excluded one study with a high degree of heterogeneity, resulting in 27 studies and 28 independent reports. Approximately 42 million participants were involved, and the cases of hypertension in cohort and cross-sectional studies were 508,749 and 1,793,003, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was significantly associated with the risks of hypertension incidence (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.35) and prevalence (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09). Subgroup analyses showed that occupational exposure had a significant effect on the association of PM2.5 and hypertension incidence (p for interaction = 0.042) and that the PM2.5 concentration level and physical activity had a noticeable effect on the association of PM2.5 and hypertension prevalence (p for interaction = 0.005; p for interaction = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS A significantly positive correlation was observed between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risks of hypertension incidence and prevalence, and a high PM2.5 concentration resulted in an increased risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Cui Y, Zhou HL, Wei MH, Song WJ, Di DS, Zhang RY, Wei S, Liu JA, Wang Q. Multiple vitamin co-exposure and mortality risk: A prospective study. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:337-347. [PMID: 34999328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Existing epidemiological studies explored the associations of circulating vitamins and mortality focusing on individual vitamin effects, and controversial findings were obtained. The joint effects of multiple vitamin co-exposure are worth studying. The study aimed to elucidate the associations of circulating vitamins and the joint effects of these vitamins' co-exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. METHODS We prospectively evaluated the associations of the concentrations of six kinds of vitamins (A, D, E, C, B12 and B9) in serum with risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortalities among U.S. adults. Mortality status and cause of death were determined by NHANES-linked public available files dated up to 31 December 2015. An unsupervised K-means clustering method was used to cluster the participants into several vitamin co-exposure patterns. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 1404 deaths occurred during a median of 10.9 years follow-up among 8295 participants. In multivariable adjustment, increasing levels of vitamin D were associated with reduced all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. A J-shaped nonlinear exposure-response relationship was observed between all studied vitamins (except for vitamin D) and all-cause mortality risk. Four co-exposure patterns were generated based on the studied vitamins, as follows: low-level exposure (cluster 1), vitamin A/D exposure (cluster 2), water-soluble vitamin exposure (cluster 3) and high-level exposure (cluster 4). Compared with those in cluster 1, participants in cluster 2 had lower all-cause and cancer mortality risks, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 0.67 (0.53, 0.85) and 0.45 (0.29, 0.71), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this study indicated that high circulating vitamin D levels were associated with reduced mortality risk among U.S. adults. Vitamin co-exposure at moderate levels appropriately contributed to low all-cause and cancer mortality risks. Our findings provided a novel perspective for exploring the joint health effects of multivitamin co-exposure. Future investigations are needed to further unravel the underlying mechanisms of possible vitamin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Wei MH, Cui Y, Zhou HL, Song WJ, Di DS, Zhang RY, Huang Q, Liu JA, Wang Q. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults. Chemosphere 2021; 282:131150. [PMID: 34470175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies focus on combined effects of multiple metals on bone mineral density (BMD) are scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine associations of multiple metals exposure with BMD. Data of adults aged ≥20 years (n = 2545) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2016) were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of metals were measured in blood (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], and manganese [Mn]) and serum (copper [Cu], selenium [Se], and zinc [Zn]) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry, respectively. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed to determine the joint effects of multiple metals exposure on lumbar and total BMD. The linear regression analyses showed Pb was negatively associated with BMDs. The WQS regression analyses revealed that the WQS index was inversely related to lumbar (β = -0.022, 95% CI: -0.036, -0.008) and total BMD (β = -0.015, 95% CI: -0.024, -0.006), and Se, Mn, and Pb were the main contributors for the combined effects. Additionally, nonlinear dose-response relationships between Pb, Mn, and Se and BMD, as well as a synergistic interaction of Pb and Mn, were found in the BKMR analyses. Our findings suggested co-exposure to Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cu, Se, and Zn (above their 50th percentiles) was associated with reduced BMD, and Pb, Mn, and Se were the main contributors driving the overall effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Xu H, Yan S, Chang Y, Jiang H, Zou L, Gan Y, Gong Y, Cao S, Wang C, Liu JA, Lu Z. Discrepancy in perceived social support and related factors among Chinese college students with and without siblings. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:84-89. [PMID: 32697720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is a difference in perceived social support (PSS) and related factors among college students from one- and multiple-child families was unclear. METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study between October 2017 and February 2018, randomly selected college students with siblings (n=5875; aged 19.41±1.99 years) and their counterparts without siblings (n=5175; aged 19.88±2.38 years), and then conducted an online questionnaire survey via a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. We applied the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) to evaluate PSS among college students. The multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict factors associated with low perceived social support in two student groups. RESULTS Our study found that there was a statistical difference of PSS between the sibling groups. Sex, single-parent family, irregular daily routine, prevalence of diseases or injuries and psychological distress were significantly associated with low PSS in both college students with and without siblings. Compared with single-child college students, single-parent family structure was associated with a higher odds ratio for low PSS in college students with siblings (ratio of odds ratio: 0.71, 95% confidential interval: 0.53-0.97). LIMITATIONS Our study was a cross-sectional study design, and all participants in current study were from Wuhan city, Hubei Province. Hence, the sample is not representative of other regions in China. CONCLUSIONS Although a statistical difference of PSS between the sibling groups was found in our study, single-parent family structure was more strongly associated with low PSS in multiple-child students compared with single-child students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- School of public health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou,Hainan, China; Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyi Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Chang R, Luo YB, Wu J, Wang Q, Lu ZX, Liu JA. Evaluation of Need and Distribution of National Essential Medicines List in Village Clinics: A Cross-sectional Study Based on the Perspective of Village Doctors in China. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:663-669. [PMID: 31347006 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction of village doctors to essential medicines list (EML) and accessibility of essential medicines (EMs) distribution to improve the implementation of EML in village clinics. A total of 422 village doctors from five counties in three provinces of China were surveyed by questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the main factors associated with village doctors' evaluation of EML. The results showed that village doctors had a negative evaluation in satisfaction level of EML to village-based care and accessibility of EM distribution. The government should adjust EML regularly based on the actual health status of local villagers in China and focus on adding appropriate drugs that meet the needs of villagers with chronic disease. The local government should also attach importance to the distribution of EMs and maintain their supply in village clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Development, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yin-Bo Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zu-Xun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Zhang Q, Zhen Z, Jiang H, Li XG, Liu JA. Encapsulation of the ethylene inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene by cucurbit[6]uril. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10539-10545. [PMID: 21894984 DOI: 10.1021/jf2019566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an excellent safe and commercially available ethylene antagonist for the preservation of horticultural products. However 1-MCP has to be stored in absorbents due to its gaseous and unstable characteristics. In this paper cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) was used as the absorbent to encapsulate 1-MCP, and the resultant inclusion complex was characterized by IR, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and fluorescent spectra. The effects of encapsulation conditions on the formation of inclusion complex were also investigated. The amount of 1-MCP encapsulated by CB[6] was about 4.5% by weight when the initial concentration of 1-MCP, encapsulation temperature, CB[6] concentration, and encapsulation time were set at 75 mL/L, 20 °C, 30 mM, and 8 h, respectively. Furthermore, the release of 1-MCP from the complex can be realized with different solutions such as sodium bicarbonate, benzoic acid, and distilled water. CB[6] can be used as an excellent absorbent for encapsulation of 1-MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Morris KL, Adams JA, Liu JA. Effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on acute myeloid leukemia blast cells in vitro, as a single agent and combined with other cytotoxic cells. Br J Haematol 2007; 135:509-12. [PMID: 17054677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) alone, or combined with low-dose cytarabine or etoposide, on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells in vitro was investigated. GO alone induced a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation although an increase in apoptosis was only seen in a minority of patients. A correlation was found between PgP function and GO sensitivity but not between CD33 or PgP expression and GO. Combinations of GO with varying concentrations of cytarabine or etoposide were additive in inhibiting proliferation, reducing cell viability and increasing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Morris
- University Department of Clinical Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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13
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Abstract
Phosphine emission fluxes from paddy fields, phosphine ambient levels in air, and the vertical profile of matrix-bound phosphine in soil have been measured throughout the growing season of rice in Beijing, China. It was found that both the seasonal and diurnal emission fluxes and ambient levels fluctuate significantly. During the drainage period, phosphine released from the soil with the highest diurnal average flux on the first period of drainage (approx. 17.7 ng m(-2) h(-1)), whereas its highest ambient level (approx. 250 ng m(-3)) occurred at 06.00 h. During the flooded period, phosphine emission was low, and the peaks of phosphine emissions occurred at midnight. The average flux of PH3 emission for the whole season was found to be approximately 1.78 ng m(-2) h(-1). The mass fraction of matrix-bound phosphine is approximately 0.18 approximately 1.42 x 10(-7) (m/m) part of organic phosphorus or 3.4 approximately 9.2 x 10(-9) (m/m) part of total phosphorus in paddy soil. The amount of phosphine emitted to the atmosphere was only a small fraction of the phosphine that remained in the soil in the matrix-bound form. Soil serves both as the source and the sink of PH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ha
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Wang SH, Shi XY, Ma WY, Chen DY, Liu JA. [Determination of benzene, toluene and xylene in marine sediment samples by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography]. Se Pu 2000; 18:77-9. [PMID: 12541464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis and determination of the contents of benzene series compounds in marine sediment are important in chemical exploration of petroleum resources. In the present study a method has been developed for this purpose by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). A fused silica capillary of 45 cm x 75 microns i.d. (effective length 40 cm) was used. Running buffer was 2 mmol/L aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate containing 75 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 9.16) and 20% methanol. The applied voltage was 25 kV and detection wavelength was 200 nm. The benzene, toluene and xylene were separated well within 20 min. Peak area was used for quantitative analysis. The calibration curves were linear in the range 4-50 mg/L. The relative standard deviation was within 6.2%. The contents of benzene series in sediments were between 3.79 and 17.36 micrograms/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wang
- Department of Modern Applied Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Linhardt RJ, al-Hakim A, Liu JA, Hoppensteadt D, Mascellani G, Bianchini P, Fareed J. Structural features of dermatan sulfates and their relationship to anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 42:1609-19. [PMID: 1930287 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate is a polydisperse, microheterogeneous sufated copolymer of N-acetyl-D-galactopyranose and idopyranosyluronic acid that is currently under clinical investigation as a new antithrombotic agent. The structure and activity of two pairs of dermatan sulfates, isolated from bovine and porcine mucosa, were studied. One dermatan sulfate from each species demonstrated high in vivo antithrombotic activity in the rat vena cava assay. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of each dermatan sulfate was determined using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) (5 units), calcium thrombin time (CaTT) (5 units), Heptest, anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa antithrombin assays and heparin cofactor II amidolytic assays. The coagulation-based assays gave the best correlation to in vivo antithrombotic activity. The physical and chemical properties of each dermatan sulfate were determined using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, molecular weight determination, potentiometric titration, chemical degradative analysis, chondroitin lyase degradative analysis and oligosaccharide mapping. These analyses indicated that the major difference between dermatan sulfates from a particular species having high and low in vivo antithrombotic activity was their iduronic acid content. The relation between increased iduronic acid content and increased in vivo antithrombotic activity may be the result of the conformational flexibility of this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Linhardt
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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16
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Liu YF, Li Q, Yang P, Wang WL, Liu JA. Ferritin in astrocytomas. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:326-9. [PMID: 1648465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin in 119 astrocytoma cases was studied by immunocytochemical PAP and immunogold silver staining (IGSS) methods. In 57% of the cases, ferritin was found in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. The higher the differentiation of the tumor cells, the less ferritin they contained. Contrary to the reaction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the positive rate of ferritin in various types and grades of astrocytomas was inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation. Electron microscopic observation in 30 cases showed ferritin in the cell sap, cytocavity network, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and also in lysosomes. Some of the cases had extraordinary high level of ferritin in their blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liu
- Department of Pathology, 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an
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17
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Abstract
The intracellular nonmitochondrial calcium pools of saponin-permeabilized NG108-15 cells were characterized using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and GTP. IP3 or GTP alone induced release of 47 and 68%, respectively, of the calcium that was releasable by A23187. GTP induced release of a further 24% of the calcium after IP3 treatment, whereas IP3 induced release of a further 11% of the calcium after GTP treatment. Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate had little effect on IP3-induced calcium release but completely inhibited GTP-induced calcium release. In contrast, heparin inhibited the action of IP3 but not that of GTP. The results imply the existence of at least three nonmitochondrial pools: (a) 31% is releasable by IP3 and GTP, (b) 11% is releasable by IP3 alone, and (c) 24% is releasable by GTP alone. GTP enhanced calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate with an EC50 of 0.6 microM and stimulated calcium release in the absence of oxalate with an EC50 of 0.32 microM. The similar EC50 values for these dual effects of GTP on calcium movement suggest that GTP exerts its dual action by the same mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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18
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Abstract
Two methods (manual and automated) for quantitation of viable versus dead Encephalitozoon cuniculi are reported. The manual method uses ethidium bromide and acridine orange to stain dead and viable organisms, respectively. The stained organisms are visually differentiated with the aid of a fluorescence microscope. The automated method uses propidium iodide to stain dead parasites, which are differentiated from viable unstained parasites with the aid of a flow cytometer. An automated cell counter (Coulter Counter) was used to count rapidly large numbers of samples and to improve the sensitivity of counting low concentrations of parasites. These methods will enhance investigators' abilities to conduct quantitative experiments on host defense mechanisms against E. cuniculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Peterson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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19
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Abstract
Propionibacterium shermanii
and
Lactobacillus acidophilus
were grown in batch mixed culture in a 5-liter fermenter under controlled conditions of pH 5.8 and 35°C on a semisynthetic medium with glucose as an energy source. Cellular efficiencies and fermentation balances were developed for this pair and compared with
P. shermanii
grown in pure culture on glucose, lactate, and a mixture of these substrates and with
L. acidophilus
grown on glucose.
P. shermanii
had ATP yield coefficient values of 17 for each substrate alone but had an average value of 30 for substrate mixtures. Growth rates were similar for
P. shermanii
on glucose or lactate but higher cell yields were observed for glucose.
P. shermanii
used both lactate and glucose in mixed substrate until lactate was exhausted, and growth rates slowed thereafter.
L. acidophilus
had a similar ATP yield coefficient of 15 but produced lower cell yields than did
P. shermanii
on glucose. Mixed culture of both microorganisms on glucose resulted in much faster and nearly equal growth rates for both and no lactate accumulation in the medium. Acetic acid production rates per generation were lower in mixed culture, suggesting use by the growing culture. The cause of the synergistic effect was not determined but may be due to the rapid production and removal of lactate or CO
2
enhancement in mixed culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Liu
- Department of Food Science, University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, Experiment, Georgia 30212
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