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Moreau S, Thérond A, Cerda IH, Studer K, Pan A, Tharpe J, Crowther JE, Abd-Elsayed A, Gilligan C, Tolba R, Ashina S, Schatman ME, Kaye AD, Yong RJ, Robinson CL. Virtual Reality in Acute and Chronic Pain Medicine: An Updated Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2. [PMID: 38587725 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review critically analyzes the recent literature on virtual reality's (VR) use in acute and chronic pain management, offering insights into its efficacy, applications, and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies, including meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, have demonstrated VR's effectiveness in reducing pain intensity in various acute pain scenarios, such as procedural/acute pain and in chronic pain conditions. The role of factors such as immersion and presence in enhancing VR's efficacy has been emphasized. Further benefits have been identified in the use of VR for assessment as well as symptom gathering through conversational avatars. However, studies are limited, and strong conclusions will require further investigation. VR is emerging as a promising non-pharmacological intervention in pain management for acute and chronic pain. However, its long-term efficacy, particularly in chronic pain management, remains an area requiring further research. Key findings highlight that VR programs vary in efficacy depending on the specificity of the origin of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Thérond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec a Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke St W, Montréal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada.
| | - Ivo H Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kachina Studer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Pan
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Tharpe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jason E Crowther
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Reda Tolba
- Pain Management Department in the Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sait Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health-Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Cerda IH, Therond A, Moreau S, Studer K, Donjow AR, Crowther JE, Mazzolenis ME, Lang M, Tolba R, Gilligan C, Ashina S, Kaye AD, Yong RJ, Schatman ME, Robinson CL. Telehealth and Virtual Reality Technologies in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:83-94. [PMID: 38175490 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides medical practitioners with an overview of the present and emergent roles of telehealth and associated virtual reality (VR) applications in chronic pain (CP) management, particularly in the post-COVID-19 healthcare landscape. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulated evidence points to the efficacy of now well-established telehealth modalities, such as videoconferencing, short messaging service (SMS), and mobile health (mHealth) applications in complementing remote CP care. More recently, and although still in early phases of clinical implementation, a wide range of VR-based interventions have demonstrated potential for improving the asynchronous remote management of CP. Additionally, VR-associated technologies at the leading edge of science and engineering, such as VR-assisted biofeedback, haptic technology, high-definition three-dimensional (HD3D) conferencing, VR-enabled interactions in a Metaverse, and the use of wearable monitoring devices, herald a new era for remote, synchronous patient-physician interactions. These advancements hold the potential to facilitate remote physical examinations, personalized remote care, and innovative interventions such as ultra-realistic biofeedback. Despite the promise of VR-associated technologies, several limitations remain, including the paucity of robust long-term effectiveness data, heterogeneity of reported pain-related outcomes, challenges with scalability and insurance coverage, and demographic-specific barriers to patient acceptability. Future research efforts should be directed toward mitigating these limitations to facilitate the integration of telehealth-associated VR into the conventional management of CP. Despite ongoing barriers to widespread adoption, recent evidence suggests that VR-based interventions hold an increasing potential to complement and enhance the remote delivery of CP care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexandra Therond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sacha Moreau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kachina Studer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jason E Crowther
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Mazzolenis
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, John A, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Lang
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reda Tolba
- Pain Management Department in the Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Christopher Gilligan
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sait Ashina
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - R Jason Yong
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health-Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of anatomical structures that block -reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is -important for the management of this challenging condition. Obstacles to reduction seen on arthrogram are well-known. However, despite the increasing use of MRI in the assessment of adequacy of reduction in DDH, the interpretation of MRI patho-anatomy is ill-defined with a lack of relevant literature to guide clinicians. METHOD This is a retrospective analysis of the MRI of patients with DDH treated by closed reduction over a five-year period (between 2009 and 2014). Neuromuscular and genetic disorders were excluded. Each MRI was analysed by two orthopaedic surgeons and a paediatric musculoskeletal radiologist to identify the ligamentum teres, pulvinar, transverse acetabular ligament (TAL), capsule, labrum and acetabular roof cartilage hypertrophy. Inter- and intraobserver reliability was calculated. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS A total of 29 patients (38 hips) underwent closed reduction for treatment of DDH. Eight hips showed persistent subluxation on post-operative MRI. Only three of these eight hips showed an abnormality on arthrogram. The pulvinar was frequently interpreted as 'abnormal' on MRI. The main obstacles identified on MRI were the ligamentum teres (15.8%), labrum (13.1%) and acetabular roof cartilage hypertrophy (13.2%). The inter-rater reliability was good for TAL, capsule and pulvinar; moderate for ligamentum teres and labrum; and poor for hypertrophied cartilage. CONCLUSION The labrum, ligamentum teres and acetabular roof cartilage hypertrophy are the most important structures seen on MRI preventing complete reduction of DDH. Focused interpretation of these structures may assist in the management of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Studer
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia and Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland,, Claudiusstrasse 6, 9006 St Gallen, Switzerland,Correspondence should be sent to K. Studer, Paediatric Orthopedic Department, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, Claudiusstrasse 6, CH-9006 St Gallen, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - N. Williams
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia and University of Adelaide, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P. Studer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - M. Baker
- Young Adult Limb Preservation and Reconstruction, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - A. Glynn
- Division of Medical Imaging, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - B. K. Foster
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia and University of Adelaide, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P. J. Cundy
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia and University of Adelaide, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Cip J, Widemschek M, Bach C, Ruckenstuhl P, Benesch T, Studer K, Martin A. Encouraging treatment algorithm for computer-assisted navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA): A retrospective cohort analysis. J Orthop 2017; 14:377-383. [PMID: 28701852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Navigated computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) shows inconclusive mid- to long-term outcome results and is limited by increased costs, surgery-time and an additional learning curve. We introduced a treatment algorithm preserving computer-assisted TKA for patients with adipositas-per-magna, posttraumatic leg-deformities, osteosynthetic material in-situ or reduced preoperative X-ray quality. METHODS 237 primary unilateral TKA were allocated based on the treatment concept described above. A retrospective pre- and postoperative radiological analysis was performed. RESULTS 222 TKA (93.7%) were within 3° varus/valgus of mechanical-lower-limb axis (mean absolute deviation: 1.8° ± 1.3°). CONCLUSION This algorithm showed an excellent postoperative implantation-accuracy based on an accurate preoperative surgery-planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cip
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Medical University of Graz, Carinagasse 47, A-6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - M Widemschek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Medical University of Graz, Carinagasse 47, A-6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - C Bach
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Medical University of Graz, Carinagasse 47, A-6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - P Ruckenstuhl
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - K Studer
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital St. Gallen, Claudiusstrasse 6, CH-9006 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - A Martin
- Department of Traumatology, Academic Teaching Hospital Bregenz, Carl-Pedenz-Straße 2, A-6900 Bregenz, Austria
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Abstract
Treatment with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is accompanied by mild generalized and reversible edema. These changes may be due to increased capillary permeability. Therefore, we studied the effects of subcutaneous IGF-I treatment in healthy subjects on capillary permeability of the skin and the retina. Eight healthy subjects were treated with saline or recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) (10 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 s.c.) in a randomized crossover fashion. Transcapillary diffusion of sodium fluorescein (NaF) was quantitated by video densitometry in the skin in all subjects on the 4th treatment day. In seven subjects, plasma penetration of NaF at the blood-retinal barrier was investigated using vitreous fluorometry (VF) on days 3 and 5. Fluorescent light intensities of the skin and plasma penetration determined by VF were significantly higher during the IGF-I treatment as compared with those during the control situation. In conclusion, IGF-I treatment at the above dose is accompanied by increased transcapillary diffusion of NaF in skin and in retinal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Rhabdomeres are substantially smaller and visual pigment is nearly eliminated when Drosophila are carotenoid-deprived from egg to adult. Rhabdomeres enlarge and visual pigment increases with carotenoid replacement in adults using carrot juice. We used a monoclonal antibody to the opsin in R1-6 receptors in the compound eye to further quantify opsin recovery in such carotenoid replacement therapy. Density of immunogold, specific to R1-6 (vs. R7), increases between days 1 and 3 of replacement as visual pigment and rhabdomeres recover. In summary, visual pigment, opsin and the opsin-containing organelle recover during carotenoid replacement therapy in carotenoid-deprived Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Sapp
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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Zinkl GM, Maier L, Studer K, Sapp R, Chen DM, Stark WS. Microphotometric, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological analyses of light-dependent processes on visual receptors in white-eyed wild-type and norpA (no receptor potential) mutant Drosophila. Vis Neurosci 1990; 5:429-39. [PMID: 2126952 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523800000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined a white-eyed strain of the norpA mutant (norpA;cn bw) and white (w)norpA+ controls using microspectrophotometry (MSP), electron microscopy (EM), and electroretinography (ERG). These studies revealed that light mediates receptor demise in norpA even though norpA lacks phototransduction. Rhodopsin and the rhabdomere which houses it decrease with increasing age in norpA but not in w with rearing on a 12 h light/12-h dark cycle or in constant light. At higher temperature in norpA;cn bw and w reared in constant light, visual pigment decreases, rhabdomeres diminish, and cells die. Importantly, dark rearing blocked visual pigment loss in norpA;cn bw; the M-potential, an ERG reflection of visual pigment level, corroborated this finding. MSP showed that norpA's visual pigment loss was not due to acute loss of metarhodopsin, rhodopsin's photoproduct. NorpA blocks certain processes expected to be light elicited. The alteration of visual pigment as a function of time of day, present in w controls, is absent in white-eyed norpA, suggesting that light-induced depolarization may be necessary to entrain the rhythm. Microspectrofluorometry using the fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow, suggested that norpA lacks a light-induced uptake mechanism; using control flies, we determined the stimulus parameters required for uptake in vivo. An attempt to "cure" norpA;cn bw by replacement "therapy" using phospholipase C, missing in norpA's phototransduction cascade, was largely unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Zinkl
- Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois
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