1
|
Wang W, Ranjan A, Zhang W, Liang Q, MacMillan KS, Chapman K, Wang X, Chandrasekaran P, Williams NS, Rosenbaum DM, De Brabander JK. Novel orexin receptor agonists based on arene- or pyridine-fused 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-imines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129624. [PMID: 38272190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A structurally novel class of benzo- or pyrido-fused 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-imines was designed and evaluated in an inositol phosphate accumulation assay for Gq signaling to measure agonistic activation of the orexin receptor type 2 (OX2R). These compounds were synthesized in 4-9 steps overall from readily available starting materials. Analogs that contain a stereogenic methyl or cyclopropyl substituent at the benzylic center, and a correctly configured alkyl ether, alkoxyalkyl ether, cyanoalkyl ether, or α-hydroxyacetamido substituted homobenzylic sidechain were identified as the most potent activators of OX2R coupled Gq signaling. Our results also indicate that agonistic activity was stereospecific at both the benzylic and homobenzylic stereogenic centra. We identified methoxyethoxy-substituted pyrido-fused dihydroimidazolimine analog 63c containing a stereogenic benzylic methyl group was the most potent agonist, registering a respectable EC50 of 339 nM and a maximal response (Emax) of 96 % in this assay. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis indicated good brain exposure for several analogs. Our combined results provide important information towards a structurally novel class of orexin receptor agonists distinct from current chemotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Qiren Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Karen S MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Karen Chapman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Preethi Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Daniel M Rosenbaum
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA.
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MacMillan KS, Nguyen T, Hwang I, Boger DL. Correction to “Total Synthesis and Evaluation of iso-Duocarmycin SA and iso-Yatakemycin”. J Am Chem Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510706x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Brown CS, Lee MS, Leung DW, Wang T, Xu W, Luthra P, Anantpadma M, Shabman RS, Melito LM, MacMillan KS, Borek DM, Otwinowski Z, Ramanan P, Stubbs AJ, Peterson DS, Binning JM, Tonelli M, Olson MA, Davey RA, Ready JM, Basler CF, Amarasinghe GK. In silico derived small molecules bind the filovirus VP35 protein and inhibit its polymerase cofactor activity. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2045-58. [PMID: 24495995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) genome only encodes a single viral polypeptide with enzymatic activity, the viral large (L) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. However, currently, there is limited information about the L protein, which has hampered the development of antivirals. Therefore, antifiloviral therapeutic efforts must include additional targets such as protein-protein interfaces. Viral protein 35 (VP35) is multifunctional and plays important roles in viral pathogenesis, including viral mRNA synthesis and replication of the negative-sense RNA viral genome. Previous studies revealed that mutation of key basic residues within the VP35 interferon inhibitory domain (IID) results in significant EBOV attenuation, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we use an experimental pipeline that includes structure-based in silico screening and biochemical and structural characterization, along with medicinal chemistry, to identify and characterize small molecules that target a binding pocket within VP35. NMR mapping experiments and high-resolution x-ray crystal structures show that select small molecules bind to a region of VP35 IID that is important for replication complex formation through interactions with the viral nucleoprotein (NP). We also tested select compounds for their ability to inhibit VP35 IID-NP interactions in vitro as well as VP35 function in a minigenome assay and EBOV replication. These results confirm the ability of compounds identified in this study to inhibit VP35-NP interactions in vitro and to impair viral replication in cell-based assays. These studies provide an initial framework to guide development of antifiloviral compounds against filoviral VP35 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Biochemistry Undergraduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- Simulation Sciences Branch, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD 21005, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priya Luthra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lisa M Melito
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karen S MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dominika M Borek
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zbyszek Otwinowski
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Parameshwaran Ramanan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Biochemistry Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alisha J Stubbs
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Biochemistry Undergraduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dayna S Peterson
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Biochemistry Undergraduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jennifer M Binning
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Biochemistry Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
MacMillan KS, Naidoo J, Liang J, Melito L, Williams NS, Morlock L, Huntington PJ, Estill SJ, Longgood J, Becker GL, McKnight SL, Pieper AA, De Brabander JK, Ready JM. Development of proneurogenic, neuroprotective small molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1428-37. [PMID: 21210688 PMCID: PMC3033481 DOI: 10.1021/ja108211m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the hippocampus is associated with Alzheimer's disease and occurs very early in the progression of the disease. Current options for treating the cognitive symptoms associated with Alzheimer's are inadequate, giving urgency to the search for novel therapeutic strategies. Pharmacologic agents that safely enhance hippocampal neurogenesis may provide new therapeutic approaches. We discovered the first synthetic molecule, named P7C3, which protects newborn neurons from apoptotic cell death, and thus promotes neurogenesis in mice and rats in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the site of normal neurogenesis in adult mammals. We describe the results of a medicinal chemistry campaign to optimize the potency, toxicity profile, and stability of P7C3. Systematic variation of nearly every position of the lead compound revealed elements conducive toward increases in activity and regions subject to modification. We have discovered compounds that are orally available, nontoxic, stable in mice, rats, and cell culture, and capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. The most potent compounds are active at nanomolar concentrations. Finally, we have identified derivatives that may facilitate mode-of-action studies through affinity chromatography or photo-cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pieper AA, Xie S, Capota E, Estill SJ, Zhong J, Long JM, Becker GL, Huntington P, Goldman SE, Shen CH, Capota M, Britt JK, Kotti T, Ure K, Brat DJ, Williams NS, MacMillan KS, Naidoo J, Melito L, Hsieh J, De Brabander J, Ready JM, McKnight SL. Discovery of a proneurogenic, neuroprotective chemical. Cell 2010; 142:39-51. [PMID: 20603013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo screen was performed in search of chemicals capable of enhancing neuron formation in the hippocampus of adult mice. Eight of 1000 small molecules tested enhanced neuron formation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Among these was an aminopropyl carbazole, designated P7C3, endowed with favorable pharmacological properties. In vivo studies gave evidence that P7C3 exerts its proneurogenic activity by protecting newborn neurons from apoptosis. Mice missing the gene encoding neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3) are devoid of hippocampal neurogenesis and display malformation and electrophysiological dysfunction of the dentate gyrus. Prolonged administration of P7C3 to npas3(-/-) mice corrected these deficits by normalizing levels of apoptosis of newborn hippocampal neurons. Prolonged administration of P7C3 to aged rats also enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, impeded neuron death, and preserved cognitive capacity as a function of terminal aging. PAPERCLIP:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Pieper
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian ZQ, Wang Z, MacMillan KS, Zhou Y, Carreras CW, Mueller T, Myles DC, Liu Y. Potent Cytotoxic C-11 Modified Geldanamycin Analogues. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3265-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900098v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
The total synthesis and evaluation of iso-duocarmycin SA (5) and iso-yatakemycin (6), representing key analogues of the corresponding natural products incorporating an isomeric alkylation subunit, are detailed. This pyrrole isomer of the natural alkylation subunit displayed an enhanced reaction regioselectivity and a 2-fold diminished stability. Although still exceptionally potent, the iso-duocarmycin SA derivatives and natural product analogues exhibited a corresponding approximate 3-5-fold reduction in cytotoxic activity [L1210 IC(50) for (+)-iso-duocarmycin SA = 50 pM and for (+)-iso-yatakemycin = 15 pM] consistent with their placement on a parabolic relationship correlating activity with reactivity. The DNA alkylation selectivity of the resulting key natural product analogues was unaltered by the structure modification in spite of the minor-groove presentation of a potential H-bond donor. Additionally, a unique ortho-spirocyclization with such derivatives was explored via the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of 34 that is incapable of the more conventional para-spirocyclization. Although 34 proved sufficiently stable for isolation and characterization, it displayed little stability in protic solvents (t(1/2) = 0.19 h at pH 3, t(1/2) = 0.20 h at pH 7), a pH-independent (H(+) independent) solvolysis rate profile at pH 3/4-7, and a much reduced cytotoxic potency, but a DNA alkylation selectivity and efficiency comparable to those of duocarmycin SA and iso-duocarmycin SA. The implications of these observations on the source of the DNA alkylation selectivity and catalysis for this class of natural products are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tichenor MS, MacMillan KS, Stover JS, Wolkenberg SE, Pavani MG, Zanella L, Zaid AN, Spalluto G, Rayl TJ, Hwang I, Baraldi PG, Boger DL. Rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of key analogues of CC-1065 and the duocarmycins. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:14092-9. [PMID: 17948994 DOI: 10.1021/ja073989z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of a predictably more potent analogue of CC-1065 entailing the substitution replacement of a single skeleton atom in the alkylation subunit are disclosed and were conducted on the basis of design principles that emerged from a fundamental parabolic relationship between chemical reactivity and cytotoxic potency. Consistent with projections, the 7-methyl-1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]thieno[3,2-e]indol-4-one (MeCTI) alkylation subunit and its isomer 6-methyl-1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]thieno[2,3-e]indol-4-one (iso-MeCTI) were found to be 5-6 times more stable than the MeCPI alkylation subunit found in CC-1065 and slightly more stable than even the DSA alkylation subunit found in duocarmycin SA, placing it at the point of optimally balanced stability and reactivity for this class of antitumor agents. Their incorporation into the key analogues of the natural products provided derivatives that surpassed the potency of MeCPI derivatives (3-10-fold), matching or slightly exceeding the potency of the corresponding DSA derivatives, consistent with projections made on the basis of the parabolic relationship. Notable of these, MeCTI-TMI proved to be as potent as or slightly more potent than the natural product duocarmycin SA (DSA-TMI, IC50 = 5 vs 8 pM), and MeCTI-PDE2 proved to be 3-fold more potent than the natural product CC-1065 (MeCPI-PDE2, IC50 = 7 vs 20 pM). Both exhibited efficiencies of DNA alkylation that correlate with this enhanced potency without impacting the intrinsic selectivity characteristic of this class of antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Tichenor
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tichenor MS, MacMillan KS, Trzupek JD, Rayl TJ, Hwang I, Boger DL. Systematic exploration of the structural features of yatakemycin impacting DNA alkylation and biological activity. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10858-69. [PMID: 17691783 PMCID: PMC2519902 DOI: 10.1021/ja072777z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A systematic examination of the impact of the yatakemycin left and right subunits and their substituents is detailed along with a study of its unique three subunit arrangement (sandwiched vs extended and reversed analogues). The examination of the ca. 50 analogues prepared illustrate that within the yatakemycin three subunit structure, the subunit substituents are relatively unimportant and that it is the unique sandwiched arrangement that substantially increases the rate and optimizes the efficiency of its DNA alkylation reaction. This potentiates the cytotoxic activity of yatakemycin and its analogues overcoming limitations typically observed with more traditional compounds in the series (CC-1065, duocarmycins). Moreover, a study of the placement of the alkylation subunit within the three subunit arrangement (sandwiched vs extended and reversed analogues) indicates that it not only has a profound impact on the rate and efficiency of DNA alkylation but also controls and establishes the DNA alkylation selectivity as well, where both enantiomers of such sandwiched agents alkylate the same adenine sites exhibiting the same DNA alkylation selectivity independent of their absolute configuration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murli S, MacMillan KS, Hu Z, Ashley GW, Dong SD, Kealey JT, Reeves CD, Kennedy J. Chemobiosynthesis of novel 6-deoxyerythronolide B analogues by mutation of the loading module of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase 1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:4503-9. [PMID: 16085842 PMCID: PMC1183267 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.8.4503-4509.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemobiosynthesis (J. R. Jacobsen, C. R. Hutchinson, D. E. Cane, and C. Khosla, Science 277:367-369, 1997) is an important route for the production of polyketide analogues and has been used extensively for the production of analogues of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB). Here we describe a new route for chemobiosynthesis using a version of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) that lacks the loading module. When the engineered DEBS was expressed in both Escherichia coli and Streptomyces coelicolor and fed a variety of acyl-thioesters, several novel 15-R-6-dEB analogues were produced. The simpler "monoketide" acyl-thioester substrates required for this route of 15-R-6-dEB chemobiosynthesis allow greater flexibility and provide a cost-effective alternative to diketide-thioester feeding to DEBS KS1(o) for the production of 15-R-6-dEB analogues. Moreover, the facile synthesis of the monoketide acyl-thioesters allowed investigation of alternative thioester carriers. Several alternatives to N-acetyl cysteamine were found to work efficiently, and one of these, methyl thioglycolate, was verified as a productive thioester carrier for mono- and diketide feeding in both E. coli and S. coelicolor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumati Murli
- Kosan Biosciences Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|