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Wang CM, Guo XF, Liu LM, Huang Y, Meng L, Song LP, Wu YF, Ning YC, Reilly KH, Wang HB. Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis by Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Surgical Patients. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:771-778. [PMID: 35829956 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-2894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention among real-world surgical inpatients who received panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) combined with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among surgical patients between January 2016 and November 2018 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Participants received LMWH alone or PNS combined with LMWH for preventing DVT. The primary outcome was incidence of lower extremity DVT, which was screened once a week. Participants in the LMWH group were given LMWH (enoxaparin) via hypodermic injection, 4000-8000 AxalU once daily. Participants in the exposure group received PNS (Xuesaitong oral tablets, 100 mg, 3 times daily) combined with LMWH given the same as LMWH group. RESULTS Of the 325 patients screened for the study, 281 participants were included in the final analysis. The cohort was divided into PNS + LMWH group and LMWH group with 134 and 147 participants, respectively. There was a significant difference of DVT incidence between two groups (P=0.01), with 21 (15.7%) incident DVT in the PNS + LMWH group, and 41 (27.9%) incident DVT in the LMWH group. Compared with participants without DVT, the participants diagnosed with DVT were older and had higher D-dimer level. The multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant lower risk of incident DVT among participants in the PNS + LMWH group compared with the LMWH group (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.86). There were no significant differences in thromboelaslography values (including R, K, Angle, and MA) and differences in severe bleeding between two groups. No symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred during the study. CONCLUSION Combined application of PNS and LMWH can effectively reduce the incidence of DVT among surgical inpatients compared with LMWH monotherapy, without increased risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Guo
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liang Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Li-Po Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ying-Feng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ya-Chan Ning
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New York City, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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McCormick DW, Richardson LC, Young PR, Viens LJ, Gould CV, Kimball A, Pindyck T, Rosenblum HG, Siegel DA, Vu QM, Komatsu K, Venkat H, Openshaw JJ, Kawasaki B, Siniscalchi AJ, Gumke M, Leapley A, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Kauerauf J, Reid H, White K, Ahmed FS, Richardson G, Hand J, Kirkey K, Larson L, Byers P, Garcia A, Ojo M, Zamcheck A, Lash MK, Lee EH, Reilly KH, Wilson E, de Fijter S, Naqvi OH, Harduar-Morano L, Burch AK, Lewis A, Kolsin J, Pont SJ, Barbeau B, Bixler D, Reagan-Steiner S, Koumans EH. Deaths in Children and Adolescents Associated With COVID-19 and MIS-C in the United States. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-052273. [PMID: 34385349 PMCID: PMC9837742 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital course among persons <21 years of age with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated death. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case series of suspected SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in the United States in persons <21 years of age during February 12 to July 31, 2020. All states and territories were invited to participate. We abstracted demographic and clinical data, including laboratory and treatment details, from medical records. RESULTS We included 112 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths from 25 participating jurisdictions. The median age was 17 years (IQR 8.5-19 years). Most decedents were male (71, 63%), 31 (28%) were Black (non-Hispanic) persons, and 52 (46%) were Hispanic persons. Ninety-six decedents (86%) had at least 1 underlying condition; obesity (42%), asthma (29%), and developmental disorders (22%) were most commonly documented. Among 69 hospitalized decedents, common complications included mechanical ventilation (75%) and acute respiratory failure (82%). The sixteen (14%) decedents who met multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) criteria were similar in age, sex, and race and/or ethnicity to decedents without MIS-C; 11 of 16 (69%) had at least 1 underlying condition. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths among persons <21 years of age occurred predominantly among Black (non-Hispanic) and Hispanic persons, male patients, and older adolescents. The most commonly reported underlying conditions were obesity, asthma, and developmental disorders. Decedents with coronavirus disease 2019 were more likely than those with MIS-C to have underlying medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Kimball
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team,Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heather Venkat
- Arizona Department of Health Services,CDC Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Kirkey
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
| | | | | | - Ali Garcia
- Nevada Department of Health and Human Services
| | | | | | - Maura K. Lash
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
| | - Ellen H. Lee
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
| | | | - Erica Wilson
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
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Lee EH, Kepler KL, Geevarughese A, Paneth-Pollak R, Dorsinville MS, Ngai S, Reilly KH. Race/Ethnicity Among Children With COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2030280. [PMID: 33252688 PMCID: PMC7705594 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This cohort study describes the distribution of race/ethnicity among cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen H. Lee
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Kelsey L. Kepler
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Anita Geevarughese
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Rachel Paneth-Pollak
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Marie S. Dorsinville
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Stephanie Ngai
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | - Kathleen H. Reilly
- Incident Command System Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
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Bixler D, Miller AD, Mattison CP, Taylor B, Komatsu K, Peterson Pompa X, Moon S, Karmarkar E, Liu CY, Openshaw JJ, Plotzker RE, Rosen HE, Alden N, Kawasaki B, Siniscalchi A, Leapley A, Drenzek C, Tobin-D'Angelo M, Kauerauf J, Reid H, Hawkins E, White K, Ahmed F, Hand J, Richardson G, Sokol T, Eckel S, Collins J, Holzbauer S, Kollmann L, Larson L, Schiffman E, Kittle TS, Hertin K, Kraushaar V, Raman D, LeGarde V, Kinsinger L, Peek-Bullock M, Lifshitz J, Ojo M, Arciuolo RJ, Davidson A, Huynh M, Lash MK, Latash J, Lee EH, Li L, McGibbon E, McIntosh-Beckles N, Pouchet R, Ramachandran JS, Reilly KH, Dufort E, Pulver W, Zamcheck A, Wilson E, de Fijter S, Naqvi O, Nalluswami K, Waller K, Bell LJ, Burch AK, Radcliffe R, Fiscus MD, Lewis A, Kolsin J, Pont S, Salinas A, Sanders K, Barbeau B, Althomsons S, Atti S, Brown JS, Chang A, Clarke KR, Datta SD, Iskander J, Leitgeb B, Pindyck T, Priyamvada L, Reagan-Steiner S, Scott NA, Viens LJ, Zhong J, Koumans EH. SARS-CoV-2-Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged <21 Years - United States, February 12-July 31, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1324-1329. [PMID: 32941417 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since February 12, 2020, approximately 6.5 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 190,000 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths have been reported in the United States (1,2). Symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are milder in children compared with adults (3). Persons aged <21 years constitute 26% of the U.S. population (4), and this report describes characteristics of U.S. persons in that population who died in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as reported by public health jurisdictions. Among 121 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths reported to CDC among persons aged <21 years in the United States during February 12-July 31, 2020, 63% occurred in males, 10% of decedents were aged <1 year, 20% were aged 1-9 years, 70% were aged 10-20 years, 45% were Hispanic persons, 29% were non-Hispanic Black (Black) persons, and 4% were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. Among these 121 decedents, 91 (75%) had an underlying medical condition,* 79 (65%) died after admission to a hospital, and 39 (32%) died at home or in the emergency department (ED).† These data show that nearly three quarters of SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths among infants, children, adolescents, and young adults have occurred in persons aged 10-20 years, with a disproportionate percentage among young adults aged 18-20 years and among Hispanics, Blacks, AI/ANs, and persons with underlying medical conditions. Careful monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections, deaths, and other severe outcomes among persons aged <21 years remains particularly important as schools reopen in the United States. Ongoing evaluation of effectiveness of prevention and control strategies will also be important to inform public health guidance for schools and parents and other caregivers.
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Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, Oster ME, Conklin L, Abrams J, Roguski K, Wallace B, Prezzato E, Koumans EH, Lee EH, Geevarughese A, Lash MK, Reilly KH, Pulver WP, Thomas D, Feder KA, Hsu KK, Plipat N, Richardson G, Reid H, Lim S, Schmitz A, Pierce T, Hrapcak S, Datta D, Morris SB, Clarke K, Belay E. COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - United States, March-July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1074-1080. [PMID: 32790663 PMCID: PMC7440126 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In April 2020, during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Europe, a cluster of children with hyperinflammatory shock with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome was reported in England* (1). The patients' signs and symptoms were temporally associated with COVID-19 but presumed to have developed 2-4 weeks after acute COVID-19; all children had serologic evidence of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). The clinical signs and symptoms present in this first cluster included fever, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, gastrointestinal symptoms, shock, and elevated markers of inflammation and cardiac damage (1). On May 14, 2020, CDC published an online Health Advisory that summarized the manifestations of reported multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), outlined a case definition,† and asked clinicians to report suspected U.S. cases to local and state health departments. As of July 29, a total of 570 U.S. MIS-C patients who met the case definition had been reported to CDC. A total of 203 (35.6%) of the patients had a clinical course consistent with previously published MIS-C reports, characterized predominantly by shock, cardiac dysfunction, abdominal pain, and markedly elevated inflammatory markers, and almost all had positive SARS-CoV-2 test results. The remaining 367 (64.4%) of MIS-C patients had manifestations that appeared to overlap with acute COVID-19 (2-4), had a less severe clinical course, or had features of Kawasaki disease.§ Median duration of hospitalization was 6 days; 364 patients (63.9%) required care in an intensive care unit (ICU), and 10 patients (1.8%) died. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand in many jurisdictions, clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of MIS-C and report suspected cases to their state or local health departments; analysis of reported cases can enhance understanding of MIS-C and improve characterization of the illness for early detection and treatment.
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Wortham JM, Lee JT, Althomsons S, Latash J, Davidson A, Guerra K, Murray K, McGibbon E, Pichardo C, Toro B, Li L, Paladini M, Eddy ML, Reilly KH, McHugh L, Thomas D, Tsai S, Ojo M, Rolland S, Bhat M, Hutchinson K, Sabel J, Eckel S, Collins J, Donovan C, Cope A, Kawasaki B, McLafferty S, Alden N, Herlihy R, Barbeau B, Dunn AC, Clark C, Pontones P, McLafferty ML, Sidelinger DE, Krueger A, Kollmann L, Larson L, Holzbauer S, Lynfield R, Westergaard R, Crawford R, Zhao L, Bressler JM, Read JS, Dunn J, Lewis A, Richardson G, Hand J, Sokol T, Adkins SH, Leitgeb B, Pindyck T, Eure T, Wong K, Datta D, Appiah GD, Brown J, Traxler R, Koumans EH, Reagan-Steiner S. Characteristics of Persons Who Died with COVID-19 - United States, February 12-May 18, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:923-929. [PMID: 32673298 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During January 1, 2020-May 18, 2020, approximately 1.3 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 83,000 COVID-19-associated deaths were reported in the United States (1). Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of decedents could inform medical and public health interventions focused on preventing COVID-19-associated mortality. This report describes decedents with laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, using data from 1) the standardized CDC case-report form (case-based surveillance) (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/reporting-pui.html) and 2) supplementary data (supplemental surveillance), such as underlying medical conditions and location of death, obtained through collaboration between CDC and 16 public health jurisdictions (15 states and New York City).
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Walters SM, Coston B, Neaigus A, Rivera AV, Starbuck L, Ramirez V, Reilly KH, Braunstein SL. The role of syringe exchange programs and sexual identity in awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for male persons who inject drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2020; 77:102671. [PMID: 32092665 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male persons who inject drugs (male PWID) are at heightened risk for HIV, particularly if they also have sex with men. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could aid in HIV prevention for this population, but PrEP awareness within different sexual identities among male PWID is not well-understood. We report factors associated with greater awareness among male PWID to identify efficient means of awareness dissemination. METHODS Data from the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system cycle on injection drug use collected in New York City (NYC) were used. Bivariable analyses, using chi-squared statistics, were conducted to examine correlates of awareness of PrEP with socio-demographic, behavioral, and health care variables. Log-linked Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and determine differences in awareness of PrEP. RESULTS Among a sample of 332 male PWID (i.e., PWID who identified as male, not transgender) we find awareness of PrEP to be low (23%) among male PWID despite 68% reporting condomless vaginal/anal sex and 32% reporting injection equipment sharing in the last twelve months. Multivariable analysis found greater PrEP awareness associated with gay or bisexual identity (aPR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.81-4.24) and having a conversation about HIV prevention at a syringe exchange program (SEP) (aPR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.87-3.94) to be associated with increased PrEP awareness. CONCLUSION We found low rates of PrEP awareness among male PWID. However, our findings provide insight into information diffusion that can be utilized to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID and among all PWID. We suggest that gay and bisexual social networks and syringe exchange programs are diffusing PrEP awareness among male PWID and can be harnessed to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Bethany Coston
- Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Alan Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, United States
| | - Alexis V Rivera
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lila Starbuck
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Ramirez
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah L Braunstein
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
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Reilly KH, Bartley K, Paone D, Tuazon E. Alcohol-related emergency department visits and income inequality in New York City, USA: an ecological study. Epidemiol Health 2019; 41:e2019041. [PMID: 31623424 PMCID: PMC6928467 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2019041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has found that greater income inequality is related to problematic alcohol use across a variety of geographical areas in the USA and New York City (NYC). Those studies used self-reported data to assess alcohol use. This study examined the relationship between within-neighborhood income inequality and alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS The study outcome was the alcohol-related ED visit rate per 10,000 persons between 2010 and 2014, using data obtained from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. The main predictor of interest was income inequality, measured using the Gini coefficient from the American Community Survey (2010-2014) at the public use microdata area (PUMA) level (n=55) in NYC. Variables associated with alcohol-related ED visits in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in a multivariable model. RESULTS There were 420,568 alcohol-related ED visits associated with a valid NYC address between 2010 and 2014. The overall annualized NYC alcohol-related ED visit rate was 100.7 visits per 10,000 persons. The median alcohol ED visit rate for NYC PUMAs was 88.0 visits per 10,000 persons (interquartile range [IQR], 64.5 to 133.5), and the median Gini coefficient was 0.48 (IQR, 0.45 to 0.51). In the multivariable model, a higher neighborhood Gini coefficient, a lower median age, and a lower percentage of male residents were independently associated with the alcohol-related ED visit rate. CONCLUSIONS This study found that higher neighborhood income inequality was associated with higher neighborhood alcohol-related ED visit rates. The precise mechanism of this relationship is not understood, and further investigation is warranted to determine temporality and to assess whether the results are generalizable to other locales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Bartley
- Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Paone
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention, Care and Treatment, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellenie Tuazon
- Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention, Care and Treatment, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a nomogram to predict the likelihood of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) among women after a previous caesarean section (CS). DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two secondary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria were as follows: pregnant women with singleton fetus, age ≥18 years, had a history of previous CS and scheduled for trial of labour after caesarean delivery (TOLAC). Patients with any of the following were excluded from the study: preterm labour (gestational age <37 weeks), two or more CSs, contradictions for vaginal birth, history of other uterine incision such as myomectomy, and incomplete medical records. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was VBAC, which was retrospectively abstracted from computerised medical records by clinical staff. RESULTS Of the women who planned for TOLAC, 84.0% (1686/2006) had VBAC. Gestational age, history of vaginal delivery, estimated birth weight, body mass index, spontaneous onset of labour, cervix Bishop score and rupture of membranes were independently associated with VBAC. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the prediction model was 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) in the training cohort. The validation set showed good discrimination with an AUC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.79). CONCLUSIONS TOLAC may be a potential strategy for decreasing the CS rate in China. The validated nomogram to predict success of VBAC could be a potential tool for VBAC counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiu Li
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Bai
- Dongguan Tangxia Hospital, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | | | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Project development and management, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Feng Wu
- Project development and management, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- Independent Consultant, New York City, New York, USA
- National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Su-Ran Huang
- Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Ji
- Dongguan Tangxia Hospital, Dongguan, P.R. China
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Reilly KH, Johns E, Noyan N, Schretzman M, Tsao TY. Potentially Avertable Premature Deaths Associated with Jail Incarceration in New York City. J Community Health 2019; 44:881-887. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-018-00611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reilly KH, Zimmerman R, Huynh M, Kennedy J, McVeigh KH. Characteristics of Mothers and Infants Living in Homeless Shelters and Public Housing in New York City. Matern Child Health J 2018; 23:572-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu Y, Wang HB, Li X, Xiao JY, Wang JX, Reilly KH, Sun B, Gao J. Relationship between plaque composition by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in saphenous vein graft disease patients: study protocol of a prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:233. [PMID: 30541457 PMCID: PMC6291998 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plaque composition and morphologic characteristics identified by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) can determine plaques at increased risk of clinical events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, there have been few studies to investigate the relationship between plaque composition of saphenous vein graft (SVG) by VH-IVUS and clinical outcomes in patients with saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD) undergoing PCI. The purpose of this study is to determine whether plaque components and characteristics by VH-IVUS can predict major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) among SVGD patients undergoing PCI. Methods/design This is a prospective cohort study conducted in Tianjin Chest Hospital, China. Participants with SVGD referred for PCI will be invited to participate in this study, and will be followed up at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months post-PCI to assess clinical outcomes. The planned sample size is 175 subjects. We will recruit subjects with SVGD scheduled to receive PCI, aged 18–80 years, with a history of previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery more than 1 year ago, and willing to participate in the study and sign informed consent. The composite primary study endpoint is the incidence of MACEs after PCI for SVGD, including death from cardiac causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unplanned target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR). The primary outcome analysis will be presented as Kaplan-Meier estimates and the primary outcome analysis will be carried out using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Discussion Once the predictive values of plaque components and characteristics by VH-IVUS on subsequent clinical outcomes are determined among SVGD patients undergoing PCI, an innovative prediction tool of clinical outcomes for SVGD patients undergoing PCI will be created, which may lead to the development of new methods of risk stratification and intervention guidance. Trial registration The study is registered to ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03175952).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai er zhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai er zhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai er zhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Bo Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai er zhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, No.261 Tai er zhuang Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China.
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Walters SM, Rivera AV, Reilly KH, Anderson BJ, Bolden B, Wogayehu A, Neaigus A, Braunstein S. Exchange Sex Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in the New York Metropolitan Area: The Importance of Local Context, Gender and Sexual Identity. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2773-2787. [PMID: 29468492 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exchanging sex for money or drugs is known to increase risk for HIV among persons who inject drugs (PWID). To better understand determinants of exchange sex among PWID we examined factors associated with exchange sex in the New York metropolitan area-defined as New York City (NYC), NY; Newark, NJ; and Long Island, NY-using data from the 2012 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system cycle on injection drug use. Of the 1160 PWID in this analysis, 24% reported exchange sex, with differences in gender and sexual identity by location. In multivariable analysis gay/bisexual men, heterosexual women, and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) women were more likely to exchange sex compared to heterosexual men. Exchange sex was also associated with race/ethnicity, homelessness, incarceration, location, and non-injection crack and cocaine use. We find that heterosexual women and LGB women who injected drugs residing in Newark were more likely to report exchange sex compared to NYC. This study highlights how local conditions impact exchange sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 152-11 Union Turnpike Apt 3A, Flushing, Stony Brook, NY, 11367, USA.
| | - Alexis V Rivera
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bridget J Anderson
- New York State Department of Health, Office of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Bolden
- Division of HIV, STD and TB Services, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Afework Wogayehu
- Division of HIV, STD and TB Services, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Alan Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Braunstein
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, New York, NY, USA
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Wang HB, Luo HM, Li L, Fan CX, Hao LX, Ma C, Su QR, Yang H, Reilly KH, Wang HQ, Wen N. Vaccine-derived poliovirus surveillance in China during 2001-2013: the potential challenge for maintaining polio free status. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:742. [PMID: 29197328 PMCID: PMC5712118 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of polio eradication is to complete elimination and containment of all wild, vaccine-related and Sabin polioviruses. Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) surveillance in China from 2001–2013 is summarized in this report, which has important implications for the global polio eradication initiative. Methods Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and their contacts with VDPVs isolated from fecal specimens were identified in our AFP surveillance system or by field investigation. Epidemiological and laboratory information for these children were analyzed and the reasons for the VDPV outbreak was explored. Results VDPVs were isolated from a total of 49 children in more than two-thirds of Chinese provinces from 2001–2013, including 15 VDPV cases, 15 non-polio AFP cases and 19 contacts of AFP cases or healthy subjects. A total of 3 circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) outbreaks were reported in China, resulting in 6 cVDPVs cases who had not been vaccinated with oral attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine. Among the 4 immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs) cases, the longest duration of virus excretion was about 20 months. In addition, one imported VDPV case from Myanmar was detected in Yunnan Province. Conclusions Until all wild, vaccine-related and Sabin polioviruses are eradicated in the world, high quality routine immunization and sensitive AFP surveillance should be maintained, focusing efforts on underserved populations in high risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiang Fan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Hao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ru Su
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Hua-Qing Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Walters SM, Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Braunstein S. Awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among women who inject drugs in NYC: the importance of networks and syringe exchange programs for HIV prevention. Harm Reduct J 2017; 14:40. [PMID: 28662716 PMCID: PMC5492910 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-017-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women who inject drugs (WWID) are at heightened risk for HIV due to biological, behavioral, and structural factors. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could aid in HIV prevention for WWID. However, little is known about WWID awareness of PrEP, which is a necessary step that must occur before PrEP uptake. We report factors associated with greater awareness among WWID to identify efficient means of awareness dissemination. METHODS Data from the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system cycle on injection drug use collected in New York City (NYC) were used. Bivariable analyses, using chi-squared statistics, were conducted to examine correlates of awareness of PrEP with socio-demographic, behavioral, and health care variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted associations and determine differences in awareness of PrEP. RESULTS The analysis consisted of 118 WWID. Awareness of PrEP was relatively low (31%), and risk factors were high. In the last 12 months, almost two thirds (65%) reported condomless sex, approximately one third (31%) reported transactional sex, and one third (32%) reported sharing injection equipment. In multivariable logistic regression, increased PrEP awareness was associated with reported transactional sex (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.22-9.00) and having a conversation about HIV prevention at a syringe exchange program (SEP) (AOR 7.61, 95% CI 2.65-21.84). We did not find race, education, household income, age, binge drinking, or sexual identity to be significantly associated with PrEP awareness. CONCLUSIONS Large proportions of WWID were unaware of PrEP. These findings suggest that social networks (specifically sex work and SEP networks) are an efficient means for disseminating messaging about prevention materials such as PrEP. We recommend that SEP access increase, SEP processes be adopted in other health care settings, and WWID networks be utilized to increase PrEP awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-4356, USA.
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Alan Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Braunstein
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA
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16
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Sun XL, Wang HB, Wang ZQ, Cao TT, Yang X, Han JS, Wu YF, Reilly KH, Wang JL. Effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation treatment on lower urinary tract symptoms after class III radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer patients: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:416. [PMID: 28619043 PMCID: PMC5472892 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III radical hysterectomy (RH III)_plus pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard surgery for early stage cervical cancer (CC) patients, the 5 year survival rate is about 90%, but pelvic floor disorders especially bladder dysfunction are common due to damaged vessels and nerve fibers following surgery. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) treatment has been used to treat bladder disorders for many years, but its effect on cervical cancer patients, the best treatment time point and stimulated protocol, had never been assessed. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of TENS treatment on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after RH III in CC patients. METHODS/DESIGN The study will be conducted as a clinical, multicentre, randomised controlled trial with balanced randomisation (1:1). The planned sample size is 208 participants (at 1:1 ratio, 104 subjects in each group). At 5-7 days after RH III, patients are screened according to operative and pathological findings. Enrolled participants are randomised into an intervention group (TENS plus conventional clinical care) or control group (conventional clinical care), with stratification by menopausal status (menopause vs. non-menopause) and surgical modality (laparoscopic RH or abdominal RH). Participants in both groups will be followed up at 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months after surgery. The primary endpoint is improvement rate of urination function which is defined as recovery (residual urine ≤50 ml) or improvement (residual urine 50-100 ml). Secondary endpoints include urodynamic parameter, urinary incontinence, anorectal function, pelvic function, quality of life (QOL), disease-free survival and adverse events. Primary endpoint analyses will be carried out by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests taking into center effect. DISCUSSION To our knowledge this is the first trial to investigate the effect of TENS treatment on bladder function recovery after RH III among CC patients. This study will provide new information on TENS efficacy for bladder function recovery. Once confirmed, it may help to provide a new, non-invisive treatment for those postoperative CC patients with poor pelvic function, which would help improve their quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered to Clinical Trials.gov ( NCT02492542 ) on June 25, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jing-Song Han
- Peking University Third Hospital, Huayuan North Rd 49#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang-Feng Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, China.,The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Jian-Liu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100044, China.
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17
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Su Y, Ding G, Reilly KH, Norris JL, Liu H, Li Z, Wang G, Fang G, Wang N. Loss to follow-up and HIV incidence in female sex workers in Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province China: a nine year longitudinal study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:526. [PMID: 27686152 PMCID: PMC5041379 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal studies of female sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to loss to follow-up (LTFU) due to this population’s high mobility and low willingness to self-identify as FSWs. LTFU in cohort studies is a critical problem and may lead to bias in estimation of incidence and exposure-outcome associations. The aim of this study was to analyze LTFU and HIV incidence and their associated factors in a 9-year longitudinal study of FSWs in Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province, China. Methods This analysis includes all HIV-1 seronegative FSWs who were recruited into a prospective study in Kaiyuan with at least one follow-up visit after enrollment from March 2006 to November 2013. Participants were visited in 6-month intervals after enrollment. Their demographic and behavioral data and blood specimens for HIV and sexual transmitted disease testing were collected at enrollment and at each follow-up visit. The administrative censoring date was December 31, 2014. Participants were considered LTFU if their last visit occurred 1 year or more before the administrative censoring date. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models with time-independent variables were used to investigate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of the factors associated with LTFU and HIV acquisition. Results Of the 1158 FSWs, 950 were defined as LTFUs (LTFU rate: 29.69, 95 % CI: 27.85–31.62 per 100 person years [PYs]), and 33 experienced HIV seroconversions (cumulative incidence: 1.06, 95 % CI: 0.74–1.47 per 100 PYs). After adjustment, we found that FSWs who used drugs were less likely to be LTFU compared with non-drug users (adjust hazard ratio [AHR]= 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.51–0.76), though FSWs who used drug were associated with a higher risk of HIV acquisition (AHR = 3.06, 95 % CI: 1.49–6.30). Also, FSWs who always used condoms with clients in the previous month were associated with a higher risk of LTFU (AHR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.15–1.97), while they were negative associated with new HIV infection (AHR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.12–0.61). Conclusions A high LTFU rate exists in the Kaiyuan FSW cohort study, and LTFU did not occur at random. Participants retained in the cohort tended to be at higher risk of HIV acquisition, which may result in an overestimate of the incidence of HIV infection from the Kaiyuan FSW cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jessie L Norris
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Kaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaiyuan, China
| | - Ganggang Fang
- Kaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaiyuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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18
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Gelpí-Acosta C, Pouget ER, Reilly KH, Hagan H, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Marshall D. Time Since Migration and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Puerto Ricans Who Inject Drugs in New York City. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:870-81. [PMID: 27100322 PMCID: PMC4862909 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1155616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, those who initiated drug injection in Puerto Rico (immigrant Puerto Rican PWID) engage in more injection and sexual risk behaviors, and have higher HIV incidence than non-Hispanic whites. OBJECTIVE Understand the persistence of these HIV behaviors. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in New York City (NYC) in 2012 (National HIV Behavioral Surveillance), PWID aged ≥18 years were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV. Participants were categorized into 5 different groups: (1) US-born non-Hispanic PWID, (2) US-born Puerto Rican PWID, (3) recent immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (≤3 years in NYC), (4) medium-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>3 and ≤10 years in NYC), and (5) long-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>10 years in NYC). We examined the relationship between time since migrating on sexual and injection risk behaviors among immigrant Puerto Rican PWID, compared with U.S.-born Puerto Rican PWID and US-born non-Hispanic PWID. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 481 PWID were recruited. In adjusted analyses using US-born non-Hispanic PWID as the comparison group, syringe sharing was significantly more likely among medium-term immigrants; and unprotected sex with casual partners was more likely among recent and long-term immigrants. CONCLUSIONS The risk-acculturation process for immigrant Puerto Rican PWID may be nonlinear and may not necessarily lead to risk reduction over time. Research is needed to better understand this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue C-459-VV, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - ER Pouget
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. 71 West 23 Street, 4 Floor, New York, NY 10010, U.S
| | - KH Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, HIV Epidemiology and Field Services Program, Gotham Center 42-09 28 Street, 22 Floor, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S
| | - H Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 726 Broadway, 10th floor, New York, NY 10003, U.S
| | - A Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, U.S
| | - T Wendel
- Saint Ann’s Corner of Harm Reduction, 886 Westchester Ave, Bronx, NY 10459, U.S
| | - D Marshall
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA 10019-1093, U.S
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19
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Liu SM, Wang HB, Sun Y, Shi Y, Zhang J, Huang MW, Zheng L, Lv XM, Zheng BM, Reilly KH, Yan XY, Ji P, Wu YF, Zhang JG. The efficacy of iodine-125 permanent brachytherapy versus intensity-modulated radiation for inoperable salivary gland malignancies: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:193. [PMID: 26951097 PMCID: PMC4782516 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy is the method of choice for subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies. I-125 brachytherapy, delivering a high radiation dose to a tumor but sparing surrounding normal tissues, is supposed to be ideal modality for the treatment of salivary gland malignancies. We designed a randomised controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy of I-125 permanent brachytherapy (PBT) versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for inoperable salivary gland malignancies. Methods/Design In this study, inclusion criteria are subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies, aged 18–80 years, have provided informed consent, with at least one measurable tumor focus, be able to survive ≥3 months, Karnofsky performance status ≥60, have adequate hematopoietic function of bone marrow, have normal liver and kidney function, and are willing to prevent pregnancy. Exclusion criteria include a history of radiation or chemotherapy, a history of other malignant tumors in the past 5 years, receiving other effective treatments, participating in other clinical trials, with circulatory metastasis, cognitive impairment, severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, acute infection, uncontrolled systemic disease, history of interstitial lungdisease, and being pregnant or breast feeding. The study will be conducted as a clinical, prospective, randomised controlled trial with balanced randomisation (1:1). The planned sample size is 90 subjects. Subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies are randomised to receive either I-125 PBT or IMRT, with stratification by tumor size and neck lymph node metastasis. Participants in both groups will be followed up at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months after randomization. The primary outcome is local control rate of the primary site (based on imaging findings and clinical examination, RECIST criteria) in 1 year. Secondary outcomes are progression-free survival, overall survival, quality of life (QOL) measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35) of Chinese version, and safety of treatment. Chi-squared test is used to compare the local control rates in both groups. The survival curves are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test is used to test the significant difference. Discussion Only few observational studies have investigated the effect of I-125 PBT on inoperable salivary gland malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first randomised controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of I-125 PBT for subjects with inoperable salivary gland malignancies, and will add to the knowledge base for the treatment of these subjects. Trial registration The study is registered to Clinical Trials.gov (NCT02048254) on Jan 29, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ming Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of radiotherapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ming-Wei Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bao-Min Zheng
- Department of radiotherapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | | | - Xiao-Yan Yan
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Ping Ji
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yang-Feng Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Abstract
Drug using men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may be at high risk for HIV infection and transmitting HIV to sex partners. In 2012, injection drug users (IDUs) were sampled in New York City for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) to determine correlates of bisexual behavior in the past 12 months. Of 333 participants, 47(14.1 %) reported MSMW. Variables independently associated (p < 0.05) with MSMW included bisexual sexual identity (vs. "straight") (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 92.6; 95 % CI 18.9, 454.5), Bronx residence [vs. Manhattan (aOR 8.4; 95 %CI 1.6,43.7)], past 12 month behaviors of having sex with ≥3 sex partners (aOR 18.1; 95 % CI 3.3,98.4), "sold" sex (aOR 8.5; 95 % CI 2.3, 31.5), "bought" sex (aOR 0.2; 95 % CI 0.1, 0.9), and injection methamphetamine use (aOR 20.5; 95 % CI 3.0, 139.7). MSM IDUs are an important subgroup to consider for HIV interventions, as they may not be reached through HIV prevention programming aimed at MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, CN: 22-109, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA.
| | - Alan Neaigus
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, CN: 22-109, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA
| | | | - David M Marshall
- Center for HIV Educational Studies & Training, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Liu H, Wang HB, Wu L, Wang SJ, Yang ZC, Ma RY, Reilly KH, Yan XY, Ji P, Wu YF. Effects of decompressive cervical surgery on blood pressure in cervical spondylosis patients with hypertension: a time series cohort study. BMC Surg 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26738624 PMCID: PMC4704254 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-015-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cervical spondylosis myelopathy (CSM) and complicated with hypertension are often experiencing a blood pressure decrease after taking cervical decompressive surgery in clinical observations, but how this blood pressure reduction is associated with the surgery, which cut cervical sympathetic nervous, has never been rigorously assessed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cervical decompressive surgery on blood pressure among CSM patients with hypertension. Methods/Design The study will be a time series cohort study. Fifty eligible patients will be selected consecutively from the Peking University First Hospital. Two 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) will be taken before the surgery, apart by at least 3 days. The patients will be followed up for another two ABPMs at 1 and 3 months after the surgery. We will recruit subjects with cervical spondylosis myelopathy meeting operation indications and scheduled for receiving cervical decompressive surgery, aged 18–84 years, have a history of hypertension or office systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg on initial screening, and willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria includes a history of known secondary hypertension, visual analogue scale (VAS) score ≥4, and unable to comply with study due to severe psychosis. The change in systolic ABPs over the four times will be analyzed to observe the overall pattern of the blood pressure change in relation to the surgery, but the primary analysis will be the comparison of systolic ABP between the 2nd and 3rd , 4th measurements (before and after the surgery). We will also calculate the regression-to-the-mean adjusted changes in systolic ABP as sensitivity analysis. Secondary endpoints are the changes in 24 h ABPM diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure control status, the use and dose adjustment of antihypertensive medication, and the incidence of operative complications. Primary outcome analyses will be carried out using analysis of covariance, as well as the first secondary endpoint. Discussion This study will inform us the important knowledge about cervical sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and blood pressure. Once confirmed, it may help to produce new method for control of hypertension, which is the leading cause of death in the world. Trial registration The study is registered to Clinical Trials.gov (NCT02016768).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishikuda Street 8#, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100034, P.R. China.
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Xishenkuda Street 8#, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100034, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishikuda Street 8#, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100034, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Chuan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishikuda Street 8#, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100034, P.R. China
| | - Run-Yi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiao-Yan Yan
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yang-feng Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China. .,The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, No. 6 Zhichun Road, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
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22
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Huang J, Reilly KH, Zhang HZ, Wang HB. Clinical evaluation of prostate cancer gene 3 score in diagnosis among Chinese men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. BMC Urol 2015; 15:118. [PMID: 26628213 PMCID: PMC4666051 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer in men. Due to the low specificity of current diagnosis methods for detecting prostate cancer, identification of new biomarkers is highly desirable. The study was conducted to determine the clinical utility of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) assay to predict biopsy-detected cancers in Chinese men. METHODS The study included men who had a biopsy at The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2013 to December 2013. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were used to test PCA3 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA. The diagnostic accuracy of the PCA3 score for predicting a positive biopsy outcome was studied using sensitivity and specificity, and it was compared with PSA. RESULTS The probability of a positive biopsy increased with increasing PCA3 scores. The mean PCA3 score was significantly higher in men with prostate cancer (198.03, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 74.79-321.27) vs benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (84.31, 95 % CI 6.47-162.15, P < 0.01). The PCA3 score (cutoff 35) had a sensitivity of 85.7 % and specificity of 62.5 %. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed higher areas under the ROC curve for the PCA3 score vs PSA, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Increased PCA3 in biopsy tissue correlated with prostate cancer and the PCA3 assay may improve the diagnosis efficacy as the PCA3 score being independent of PSA level. The diagnostic significance of urinary PCA3 testing should be explored in future study to determine the prediction value in guiding biopsy decision as the clinical relevance of current study was limited for PCA3 testing based on biopsy tissue in a limited number of Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Rd 600#, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Rd 600#, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Shepard CW, Cutler BH, Sweeney MM, Rucinski KB, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Marshall DM, Hagan H. It's Never Just HIV: Exposure to an HIV Prevention Media Campaign and Behavior Change Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Participating in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System in New York City. LGBT Health 2015; 3:314-8. [PMID: 26651497 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to and impact of the It's Never Just HIV mass media campaign aimed at HIV negative men who have sex with men (MSM) in New York City. METHODS Questions about the campaign were included in the local questionnaire of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) study of MSM in NYC conducted in 2011. Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited using venue-based sampling. RESULTS Among 447 NYC National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study participants who self-reported HIV negative or unknown status and answered questions about the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's It's Never Just HIV campaign, more than one-third (n = 173, 38.7%) reported having seen the campaign. Latinos (34.8%) and blacks (34.4%) were less likely to report seeing the campaign compared to whites (47.7%). Most of those who reported seeing the campaign saw it on the subway (80.1%). Only 9.4% of those who saw the campaign reported having changed their sexual or health behaviors in response to the campaign. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that thousands of HIV-uninfected MSM in NYC have been reached by the campaign and recalled its message.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- 1 Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Alan Neaigus
- 1 Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Colin W Shepard
- 1 Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Blayne H Cutler
- 1 Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Monica M Sweeney
- 1 Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Katherine B Rucinski
- 2 Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel M Jenness
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Travis Wendel
- 4 Department of Anthropology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice , New York, New York
| | - David M Marshall
- 4 Department of Anthropology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice , New York, New York
| | - Holly Hagan
- 5 College of Nursing, New York University , New York, New York
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24
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Luo L, Reilly KH, Xu JJ, Wang GX, Ding GW, Wang N, Wang HB. Prevalence and correlates of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among female sex workers in a city in Yunnan Province, China. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:469-75. [PMID: 25957327 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415585449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission is the fastest growing route of HIV transmission in China, and Trichomonas vaginalis(TV) can facilitate HIV transmission and acquisition. Our goal was to determine the prevalence and correlates of TV infection among female sex workers (FSWs). This cross-sectional study was conducted in a city of Yunnan Province in southern China, with confidential face-to-face interviews and laboratory tests for TV (wet mount) and other sexually transmitted infections. A total of 734 FSWs participated in the study. The prevalence of TV was 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.02-11.30). In multivariate analyses, adjusted odds ratios of TV infection were 3.0 (95% CI 1.47-6.01) for herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive, 2.4 (95% CI 1.37-4.14) for Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 2.6 (95% CI 1.30-5.31) for genital ulcer, 1.9 (95% CI 1.11-3.30) for starting age in commercial sex <20 years, and 0.5 (95% CI 0.27-0.87) for vaginal douching. We found a relatively high prevalence of TV infection among FSWs in Yunnan Province. A range of control strategies that include TV screening are recommended among FSWs, which could contribute significantly to the disruption of transmission by the provision of immediate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Jun-Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Gui-Xiang Wang
- Kaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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25
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Marshall DM, Hagan H. Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City. Am J Mens Health 2015; 10:505-514. [PMID: 25787985 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315575998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of gay-related discrimination in New York City (NYC) and the demographic and behavioral factors correlated with experiences of gay-related discrimination are not well understood. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, a cross-sectional study, was conducted in NYC in 2011. Men who have sex with men were venue-sampled, interviewed, and offered HIV testing. Frequencies of types of gay-related discrimination experienced in the past 12 months were calculated. Associations between types of discrimination and demographic and HIV risk variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). More than half (53.2%) of all study participants reported having experienced any gay-related discrimination in the past 12 months; 45.0% reported that they had been called names or insulted; 23.6% reported receiving poorer services than other people in restaurants, stores, other businesses, or agencies; 22.0% reported being treated unfairly at work or school; 15.1% reported being physically attacked or injured; and 6.7% reported being denied or given lower quality health care. HIV-positive status (adjusted PR [aPR] = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.5, 5.6) and drug use in the past 12 months (aPR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.7) were independently associated with reports of having been denied or given lower quality health care. High rates of reported gay-related discrimination suggest that greater efforts are needed to reduce gay-related discrimination in affected communities. Future research is needed to better understand the extent of gay-related discrimination in NYC, particularly with regard to the relationship between HIV status and health care access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Neaigus
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - David M Marshall
- Center for HIV Educational Studies & Training, New York, NY, USA
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Wang HB, Yu WZ, Wang XQ, Wushouer F, Wang JP, Wang DY, Cui FQ, Zheng JS, Wen N, Ji YX, Fan CX, Wang HL, Ning GJ, Huang GH, Yan DM, Su QR, Liu DW, Zhang GM, Reilly KH, Ning J, Fu JP, Mi SS, Luo HM, Yang WZ. An outbreak following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, 2011. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25636581 PMCID: PMC4336520 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After more than 10 years without a case of wild poliovirus (WPV) in China, an outbreak occurred in 2011 in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Methods Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case surveillance was strengthened with epidemiological investigations and specimen collection and serological surveys were conducted among hospitalized patients. Results There were 21 WPV cases and 23 clinical compatible polio cases reported. WPV was isolated from 14 contacts of AFP cases and 13 in the healthy population. Incidence of WPV and clinical compatible polio cases were both highest among children <1 years, however, 24/44 (54.5%) polio cases were reported among adults aged 15–39 years. Conclusions High coverage of routine immunization should be maintained among children until WPV transmission is globally eradicated. Expansion of AFP case surveillance and use of serologic surveys to estimate population immunity should be conducted rapidly to guide preparedness and response planning for future WPV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China. .,Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Wen-Zhou Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Xin-Qi Wang
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 138 Jianquanyi Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830001, PR China.
| | - Fuerhati Wushouer
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 138 Jianquanyi Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830001, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 344 Wuxingnanlu Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830002, PR China.
| | - Dong-Yan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Fu-Qiang Cui
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Jing-Shan Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Ning Wen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xin Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Chun-Xiang Fan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Gui-Jun Ning
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Guo-Hong Huang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Qi-Ru Su
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Da-Wei Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Guo-Min Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | | | - Jing Ning
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 138 Jianquanyi Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830001, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ping Fu
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 344 Wuxingnanlu Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830002, PR China.
| | - Sha-Sha Mi
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 344 Wuxingnanlu Street, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, 830002, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ming Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Wang HB, Zhang LF, Yu WZ, Wen N, Yan DM, Tang JJ, Zhang Y, Fan CX, Reilly KH, Xu WB, Li L, Ding ZR, Luo HM. Cross-border collaboration between China and Myanmar for emergency response to imported vaccine derived poliovirus case. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:18. [PMID: 25595618 PMCID: PMC4308939 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This report describes emergency response following an imported vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV) case from Myanmar to Yunnan Province, China and the cross-border collaboration between China and Myanmar. Immediately after confirmation of the VDPV case, China disseminated related information to Myanmar with the assistance of the World Health Organization. Methods A series of epidemiological investigations were conducted, both in China and Myanmar, including retrospective searches of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) coverage assessment, and investigation of contacts and healthy children. Results All children <2 years of age had not been vaccinated in the village where the VDPV case had lived in the past 2 years. Moreover, most areas were not covered for routine immunization in this township due to vaccine shortages and lack of operational funds for the past 2 years. Conclusions Cross-border collaboration may have prevented a potential outbreak of VDPV in Myanmar. It is necessary to reinforce cross-border collaboration with neighboring countries in order to maximize the leverage of limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China. .,Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Road 38#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Li-Fen Zhang
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 158 Dongsi Street, Kunming City, Yunnan province, 650034, PR China.
| | - Wen-Zhou Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Ning Wen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Jing-Jing Tang
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 158 Dongsi Street, Kunming City, Yunnan province, 650034, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Chun-Xiang Fan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | | | - Wen-Bo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Rong Ding
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 158 Dongsi Street, Kunming City, Yunnan province, 650034, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ming Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Wang HB, Fang G, Yu WZ, Du F, Fan CX, Liu QL, Hao LX, Liu Y, Zheng JS, Qin ZY, Xia W, Zhang SY, Yin ZD, Jing Q, Zhang YX, Huang RN, Yang RP, Tong WB, Qi Q, Guan XJ, Jing YL, Ma QL, Wang J, Ma XZ, Chen N, Zheng HR, Li YQ, Ma C, Su QR, Reilly KH, Luo HM, Wu XP, Wen N, Yang WZ. An outbreak of type π vaccine-derived poliovirus in Sichuan province, China: emergence and circulation in an under-immunized population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113880. [PMID: 25503964 PMCID: PMC4263476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During August 2011-February 2012, an outbreak of type Π circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPVs) occurred in Sichuan Province, China. METHODS A field investigation of the outbreak was conducted to characterize outbreak isolates and to guide emergency response. Sequence analysis of poliovirus capsid protein VP1 was performed to determine the viral propagation, and a coverage survey was carried out for risk assessment. RESULTS One clinical compatible polio case and three VDPV cases were determined in Ngawa County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Case patients were unimmunized children, 0.8-1 years old. Genetic sequencing showed that the isolates diverged from the VP1 region of the type Π Sabin strain by 5-12 nucleotides (nt) and shared the same 5 nt VP1 substitutions, which indicate single lineage of cVDPVs. Of the 7 acute flaccid paralysis cases (all>6 months) reported in Ngawa Prefecture in 2011, 4 (57.1%) cases (including 2 polio cases) did not receive oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine. Supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) were conducted in February-May, 2012, and the strain has not been isolated since. CONCLUSION High coverage of routine immunization should be maintained among children until WPV transmission is globally eradicated. Risk assessments should be conducted regularly to pinpoint high risk areas or subpopulations, with SIAs developed if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China; Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Xueyuan Rd 38#, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Gang Fang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Wen-Zhou Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Fei Du
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiang Fan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qing-Lian Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Jing-Shan Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ying Qin
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shi-Yue Zhang
- Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Meigu Street 178#, Maerkang County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province 624000, PR China
| | - Zun-Dong Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qiong Jing
- Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Meigu Street 178#, Maerkang County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province 624000, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Rong-Na Huang
- Chengdu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longxiang Rd 4#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Ru-Pei Yang
- Chengdu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longxiang Rd 4#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Tong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Qi Qi
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Xu-Jing Guan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Jing
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Qian-Li Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Hong-Ru Zheng
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yin-Qiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qi-Ru Su
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Kathleen H Reilly
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hui-Ming Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xian-Ping Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongxue Road 6#, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Wen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Rd 27#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Marshall Iv DM, Hagan H. Correlates of selling sex among male injection drug users in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144:78-86. [PMID: 25193719 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to female IDUs, the correlates of receiving money, drugs, or other things in exchange for sex ("selling sex") among male IDUs are not well understood. METHODS In 2012, IDUs were sampled in New York City for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance cross-sectional study using respondent driven sampling. Analyses were limited to male participants. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to determine the correlates of selling sex to (1) men and (2) women in the past 12 months. RESULTS Of 394 males, 35 (8.9%) sold sex to men and 66 (16.8%) sold sex to women. Correlates of selling sex to men included bisexual/gay identity (aOR: 31.0; 95% CI: 8.1, 119.1), Bronx residence (vs. Manhattan) (aOR: 38.1; 95% CI: 6.2, 235.5), and in the past 12 months, being homeless (aOR: 9.9; 95% CI: 2.0, 49.6), ≥3 sex partners (aOR: 26.2; 95% CI: 4.7, 147.6), non-injection cocaine use (aOR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.6, 18.2), and injecting methamphetamine (aOR: 36.9; 95% CI: 5.7, 240.0). Correlates of selling sex to women included, in the past 12 months, ≥3 sex partners (aOR: 14.6; 95% CI: 6.6, 31.9), binge drinking at least once a week (aOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.6, 6.1), non-injection crack use (aOR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6, 6.7), most frequently injected "speedball" (vs. heroin) (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.2), and receptively shared syringes (aOR: 2.4; 95%CI: 1.2, 4.8). CONCLUSIONS Among male IDUs, those who sold sex had more sex partners, which may facilitate the sexual spread of HIV among IDUs and to non-IDU male and female sex partners. HIV prevention interventions aimed at male IDUs who sell sex should consider both their sexual and parenteral risks and the greater risk of engaging in exchange sex associated with the use of injection and non-injection stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA.
| | - Alan Neaigus
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Travis Wendel
- St. Ann's Corner of Harm Reduction, 310 Walton Ave., Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - David M Marshall Iv
- Department of Anthropology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 899 10th Ave., New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- College of Nursing, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Hagan H, Marshall DM, Murrill CS, Koblin BA. Trends in HIV prevalence and risk behavior among men who have sex with men in New York City, 2004-2011. AIDS Educ Prev 2014; 26:134-143. [PMID: 24694327 PMCID: PMC8284873 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2014.26.2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined trends in HIV prevalence and HIV-related risk behaviors from 2004 through 2011 among men who have sex with men (MSM) in New York City. MSM were venue-sampled, interviewed, and offered HIV testing in serial cross-sectional studies. Significant differences in overall time trends were determined using the Spearman rank correlation and logistic regression models. There were 457 (2004-2005), 550 (2008), and 510 (2011) participants in each study round. There was no significant trend in HIV prevalence over time, and past 12 month unprotected anal intercourse remained steady. However, drug use and number of sex partners declined. Among those who did not self-report being HIV positive, the percentage that tested for HIV in the past 12 months increased. The results from this study suggest that from 2004 through 2011 more MSM in New York City are being tested for HIV and have declining drug use and fewer sex partners.
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Marshall DM, Hagan H. Factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men in New York City. AIDS Behav 2014; 18 Suppl 3:297-304. [PMID: 23605156 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-013-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is important for designing interventions to increase testing rates and link cases to care. A cross-sectional study of MSM was conducted in NYC in 2011 using venue-based sampling. Associations between HIV testing in the past 12 months and relevant variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 448 participants, 107 (23.9 %) had not been tested in the past 12 months. Factors independently associated with not testing in the previous 12 months were: lack of a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 12 months (aPR: 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.9, 3.2); age ≥30 (adjusted PR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.4, 2.7); not having completed a bachelor's degree (aPR: 1.6; 95 % CI: 1.0, 2.4); and non-gay sexual identity (aPR: 1.4; 95 % CI: 1.0, 1.8); such MSM may be less aware of the need for frequent HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Reilly
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA,
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Wen N, Fan CX, Fu JP, Ning J, Ji YX, Luo HM, Wang HQ, Zhu SL, Yu WZ, Wang HB, Zhu H, Cui FQ, Li DX, Wang SW, Xu WB, Hao LX, Cao LS, Luo L, Han L, Cao L, Xia W, Wang XQ, Reilly KH, Wushouer F, Mi SS, Yang WZ, Li L. Enhanced surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:113. [PMID: 24576083 PMCID: PMC3941572 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak occurred in China in 2011 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) following the importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) originating from neighboring Pakistan. Methods To strengthen acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Xinjiang, “zero case daily reporting” and retrospective searching of AFP cases were initiated after the confirmation of the WPV outbreak. To pinpoint all the polio cases in time, AFP surveillance system was expanded to include persons of all ages in the entire population in Xinjiang. Results Totally, 578 AFP cases were reported in 2011 in Xinjiang, including 21 WPV cases, 23 clinical compatible polio cases and 534 non-polio AFP cases. Of the 44 polio cases, 27 (61.4%) cases were reported among adults aged 15–53 years. Strengthening AFP surveillance resulted in an increase in the number of non-polio AFP cases in 2011 (148 children < 15 years) compared with 76 cases < 15 years in 2010. The AFP surveillance system in Xinjiang was sensitive enough to detect polio cases, with the AFP incidence of 3.28/100,000 among children < 15 years of age. Conclusions Incorporating adult cases into the AFP surveillance system is of potential value to understand the overall characteristics of the epidemic and to guide emergency responses, especially in countries facing WPV outbreak following long-term polio free status. The AFP surveillance system in Xinjiang was satisfactory despite limitations in biological sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Zhong Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Liu TY, Xie R, Luo L, Reilly KH, He C, Lin YZ, Chen G, Zheng XW, Zhang LL, Wang HB. Diagnostic validity of human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA test in cervical cytological samples. J Virol Methods 2014; 196:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Reilly KH, Neaigus A, Jenness SM, Hagan H, Wendel T, Gelpí-Acosta C. High HIV prevalence among low-income, Black women in New York City with self-reported HIV negative and unknown status. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 22:745-54. [PMID: 23931126 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women are disproportionally affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study investigates factors associated with newly identified HIV infection among previously self-reported HIV negative or unknown status black women living in high risk areas (HRAs) of New York City (NYC). METHODS Heterosexuals residing in or socially connected to NYC HRAs were recruited using respondent driven sampling for participation in the United States Centers for Disease Control-sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System in 2010. Eligible individuals were interviewed and offered an HIV test. The analysis reported here focused on black women with valid HIV results who did not report being HIV positive, and examined factors related to HIV infection in this group. RESULTS Of 153 black women who did not report being HIV positive at enrollment, 15 (9.8%) tested HIV positive. Age ≥40 years, ever injected drugs, and in the last 12 months had unprotected vaginal sex, exchange sex, last sex partner used crack, non-injection crack use, and non-injection heroin use were significantly associated with HIV infection (p<0.05). Only ever injected drugs (prevalence ratio: 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 12.9) was retained in the final model. CONCLUSIONS Black women who had reported being either HIV negative or unaware of their serostatus had high HIV prevalence. Efforts to identify and treat HIV positive black women in HRAs should target those with a history of injection drug use. Frequent testing for HIV should be promoted in HRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA.
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Xu J, Han X, Reilly KH, Shang H. New features of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013; 2:e45. [PMID: 26038478 PMCID: PMC3820985 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have accounted for an alarmingly increasing proportion of nationally reported human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases recently. While the latest HIV epidemic among this population was not well understood, the underlying reasons for the rapid increase of the HIV epidemic were even more rarely evaluated. This study reviewed all published articles and national surveillance data in recent years to analyze the new HIV epidemic among MSM in China, and this study finally concluded that a culture of risky sexual behaviors, low adoption of HIV testing and a high prevalence of syphilis infection were the major risk factors that predominantly facilitate homosexual HIV transmission. Both HIV infection and homosexuality remain highly stigmatized in China, which further exacerbates attempts at HIV prevention and control. A great deal of work still needs to be done for the national policy makers, programming, research and clinical sectors to help curb the HIV epidemic among Chinese MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001 , China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001 , China
| | | | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001 , China
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Li Y, Xu J, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Wei H, Jiang Y, Geng W, Tang W, Shang H. Prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among high school and college student MSM in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69137. [PMID: 23874891 PMCID: PMC3712943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to systematically review the published studies and summarize the estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalences among high school and college student MSM in China in order to provide information for conducting targeted interventions. Methods Pubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched in January 2013 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2.0 and SPSS V17.0. Results Twenty-four eligible studies (6 in English and 18 in Chinese), published between 2006 and 2012, with a total of 3083 student MSM participants, were included. The meta-analyses showed that the prevalences of HIV and syphilis among studied student MSM were 4.4% (95% CI: 3.0%, 6.4%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 4.8%, 6.7%), respectively. HIV prevalence increased over the study period (3.0% in 2003–2006; 4.5% in 2007–2008, and 6.8% in 2009–2010, trend test chi-square = 11.3, p = 0.001). Conclusions Student MSM have become high-risk populations for HIV infection in China. The high prevalence of syphilis and the increasing HIV prevalence trend indicate the potential for a more severe HIV epidemic. Comprehensive intervention strategies that address condom promotion, syphilis detection and treatment, and health education need to be tailored to this vulnerable population to prevent HIV and syphilis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Li
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kathleen H. Reilly
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqing Geng
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang H, Reilly KH, Smith MK, Brown K, Jin X, Xu J, Ding G, Zang C, Wang J, Wang N. Herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in a high HIV-prevalence area of China. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:441-6. [PMID: 23970745 DOI: 10.1177/0956462412472800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can contribute to the spread of HIV. From March 2006 to November 2009, female sex workers (FSWs) in Yunnan, China were recruited into an open cohort study to determine incidence and risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition. Participants were interviewed and tested for HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) every six months. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent variables was used to measure associations with HSV-2 acquisition. In 3.5 years, 83 incident cases of HSV-2 infection were diagnosed, yielding an overall incidence of 21.9 per 100 person years (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8-26.3). Working in higher risk commercial sex venues, current Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, age of sexual debut <18 years and lack of a regular sex partner were independent factors associated with HSV-2 acquisition. The high incidence of HSV-2 suggests that prevention methods for HIV/STI control are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050
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Cheng YJ, Tang FY, Bao CJ, Zhu YF, Liang Q, Hu JL, Liu WD, Wu Y, Reilly KH, Shen TQ, Zhao Y, Peng ZH, Yu RB, Wang H, Shen HB, Chen F. Spatial analyses of typhoid fever in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Geospat Health 2013; 7:279-288. [PMID: 23733290 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the geographical distribution of typhoid incidence rates, based on various statistical approaches such as trend surface, spatial autocorrelation, spatial correlation and spatial regression, was carried out at the county level in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Temperature, moisture content, proximity to water bodies and the normalized difference vegetation index in the autumn were the four underlying factors found to contribute the most to the development of the epidemic. Typhoid infection was most severe in the south-eastern region of Jiangsu and a significant hotspot with high positive autocorrelation was detected in Taicang county in the south-east of the province. To improve the typhoid situation, intervention efforts should be concentrated in the south-eastern region of the province, targeting the hotspot and include reduction of lake pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wang XF, Norris JL, Liu YJ, Reilly KH, Wang N. Health-related attitudes and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections of Chinese women who have sex with women. Chin Med J (Engl) 2012; 125:2819-2825. [PMID: 22932073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown evidence of health-related risk behaviors among women who have sex with women (WSW), such as sex with men, multiple bisexual partners, and drug use. Women who have sex with women have also been known to avoid routine physical examinations and conceal their same-sex history from physicians, which can affect their ability to receive an accurate diagnosis and treatment. No previous research has targeted women who have sex with women in China. We sought to describe women who have sex with women in China and explore risk factors for their reproductive tract infections (RTI)/sexually transmitted infections (STI). METHODS Participants were recruited through outreach in venues and online for a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using interviews and laboratory tests. RESULTS We recruited 224 women who have sex with women. In the year preceding their participation in the study, 92% (206/224) of women reported sexual relations with women. The RTI rates were: gonorrhea (15.8%), chlamydia (3.5%), syphilis (0.5%), bacterial vaginosis (14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (0.9%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (0.5%), and candidiasis (6.9%). No HIV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) positive cases were detected. Factors associated with gonorrhea infection were non-Beijing local residency (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 3.8) and genital-genital contact (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.3 - 7.2); factors associated with curable STI (excluding bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, HBV and HCV) were non-Beijing local residency (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.2 - 3.0) and bleeding during or after sex (OR = 18.1; 95%CI: 5.2 - 62.6); and the factor associated with RTI (including all the infections tested) was bleeding during or after sex (OR = 37.8, 95%CI: 11.2 - 127.4). CONCLUSIONS Behaviors that may cause RTI/STI exist among Chinese women who have sex with women. Researchers should consider these behaviors when planning corresponding prevention and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Wang JJ, Yang Q, Fan PY, Reilly KH, Ding GW, Wang N. Estimation of population-size changes and HIV prevalence among female sex workers from 2006 to 2009 in Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China. Biomed Environ Sci 2012; 25:489-494. [PMID: 23026531 DOI: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to estimate the population size and prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province, China. METHODS Eight cross-sectional studies were conducted among FSWs in Kaiyuan from 2006 to 2009. Based on the data from two study time points each year, the total numbers of FSWs and HIV positive FSWs were estimated by using the capture-recapture technique (CR). RESULTS Estimated sizes of FSWs in Kaiyuan were 1 629, 1 672, 1 186, and 1 014 in the respective years from 2006 to 2009. Although the crude prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 varied over time, the adjusted prevalence among this population was relatively stable at 10%-12% and the adjusted HSV-2 prevalence ranged from 67% to72%. CONCLUSION The reason for the slight decrease of the size of the FSW population is unknown. The adjusted prevalence rates of HIV and HSV-2 among them were stable over the course of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the trends in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-27.49 kg m(-2) ), general obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg m(-2) ) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2009. Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted from 1993 to 2009 and included a total of 52,621 Chinese adults. During the period of 1993-2009, mean BMI values increased by 1.6 kg m(-2) among men and 0.8 kg m(-2) among women; mean WC values increased by 7.0 cm among men and 4.7 cm among women. The prevalence of overweight increased from 8.0 to 17.1% among men (P < 0.001) and from 10.7 to 14.4% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of general obesity increased from 2.9 to 11.4% among men (P < 0.001) and from 5.0 to 10.1% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 8.5 to 27.8% among men (P < 0.001) and from 27.8 to 45.9% among women (P < 0.001). Similar significant trends were observed in nearly all age groups and regions for both men and women. The prevalence of overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults has increased greatly during the past 17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yun K, Xu JJ, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Jiang YJ, Wang N, Shang H. Prevalence of bisexual behaviour among bridge population of men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87:563-70. [PMID: 21954278 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate the empirical estimates of bisexual behaviour among the bridge population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China and their HIV and syphilis prevalences stratified by sexual behaviour. METHODS The Pubmed, Chinese Biomedical, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched to January 2011 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Stata 10.0. RESULTS Forty-nine articles (including 28 739 MSM subjects) met the selection criteria. Aggregated findings indicated that the estimated prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China is 31.2% (95% CI 28.1% to 34.5%). HIV and syphilis prevalences were 5.4% and 11.4%, respectively, among MSM engaging in bisexual behaviour and 3.8% and 9.3% among MSM only having sex with men. HIV prevalence among MSM engaging in sex with both men and women was significantly higher than in those who only have sex with men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.62; p=0.02). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of bisexual behaviour among MSM in China and bisexual behaviour is significantly associated with increased HIV infection risk. The results of this meta-analysis highlight a critical pattern of HIV transmission among MSM in China and indicate that targeted interventions aimed at encouraging safe sex practices and promoting societal and family acceptance of MSM are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yun
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, No 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, ShenYang 110001, China
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Wang H, Brown KS, Wang G, Ding G, Zang C, Wang J, Reilly KH, Chen H, Wang N. Knowledge of HIV seropositivity is a predictor for initiation of illicit drug use: incidence of drug use initiation among female sex workers in a high HIV-prevalence area of China. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 117:226-32. [PMID: 21402453 PMCID: PMC3434868 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use and sex work have had facilitative roles in the transmission of HIV/AIDS in China. Stopping drug use among sex workers may help to control the growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among Chinese sex workers. METHODS From March 2006 to November 2009, female sex workers (FSW) in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan, China were recruited into an open cohort study. Participants were interviewed and tested for drug use and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence. Follow-up surveys were conducted every six months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with time dependent variables was used to measure the associations between independent variables and drug initiation. RESULTS During the course of the study, 66 (8.8%) FSWs initiated drug use yielding an overall incidence of 6.0 per 100 person years (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.67-7.58). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, being HIV-positive and aware of positive serostatus (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.24-5.55), age at initiation of commercial sex work <20 years (AHR 1.8, 95% CI 1.12-3.01), and working in a high-risk establishment (AHR 1.9, 95% CI 1.14-3.04) were associated with illicit drug initiation. CONCLUSIONS Being HIV-positive and aware of positive serostatus was the most salient predictor for the initiation of illicit drug use. Interventions offering sources of education, treatment, support, and counseling to HIV-positive FSWs need to be implemented in order to help promote self-efficacy and safe behaviors among this group of high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Katherine S. Brown
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Kaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan
| | - Guowei Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Chunpeng Zang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Kathleen H. Reilly
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Helen Chen
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing
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Peng ZH, Cheng YJ, Reilly KH, Wang L, Qin QQ, Ding ZW, Ding GW, Ding KQ, Yu RB, Chen F, Wang N. Spatial distribution of HIV/AIDS in Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Geospat Health 2011; 5:177-182. [PMID: 21590667 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2011.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Risk maps for the geographical distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed for the direction of HIV prevention interventions. Our study, based on county-level data on the numbers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, applied trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to demonstrate the geographical distribution of HIV-positive patients in the province. The case load of HIV was found to be most severe in the central-west region of the province. While Kunming county was shown to be negatively correlated with its surrounding counties, many high-burden counties are surrounded by other counties with similar case numbers. We conclude that intervention efforts in Yunnan province should concentrate on the western and northeast regions, targeting the hotspots of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Burton MJ, Reilly KH, Penman A. Incarceration as a risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in Mississippi. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2011; 21:1194-202. [PMID: 21099071 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection drug use (IDU) is the most commonly recognized risk factor for co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We examined risks for HIV/HCV co-infection in a population with a low rate of IDU. METHODS A sample of 32 HIV/HCV co-infected patients and 79 HIV-infected patients were enrolled from two clinics in Mississippi. Patients completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) assessing risks for infection with both viruses. RESULTS In a multivariable logistic regression model, greater age (p=.01), alcohol use (p=.02), history of incarceration (p=.04), and blood transfusion prior to 1992 (p=.03) were independently associated with HIV/HCV co-infection. CONCLUSIONS Incarceration was significantly associated with HIV-HCV co-infection in our sample. Further examination is warranted to develop policies for HCV prevention and treatment within the prison system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Burton
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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Jin X, Chan S, Ding G, Wang H, Xu J, Wang G, Chang D, Reilly KH, Wang N. Prevalence and risk behaviours for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among female sex workers in an HIV/AIDS high-risk area. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:80-4. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - S Chan
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - G Ding
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - H Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
| | - J Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - G Wang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - D Chang
- Kaiyuan City Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Yunnan Province, PRChina
| | - K H Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - N Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing
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Hu YH, Reilly KH, Liang YJ, Xi B, Liu JT, Xu DJ, Yan YK, Xie B, Li XY. Increase in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio is Associated with High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in China. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:23-32. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the association between blood pressure (BP) and obesity in 1145 Chinese children and adolescents (608 males, 537 females) using data from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Analysis of variance was used to analyse the difference in BP among different subgroups. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The prevalence of high systolic and diastolic BP increased directly with corresponding increments in BMI, WC and WHtR, although the prevalence and OR of high BP were higher when increased BMI was combined with WC (OR 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79, 6.41) or WHtR (OR 3.28; 95% CI 1.71, 6.30). In conclusion, increased BMI, WC and WHtR were directly associated with high BP in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Hu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - KH Reilly
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Y-J Liang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - B Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J-T Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - D-J Xu
- Laboratory Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y-K Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - B Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - X-Y Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
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Reilly KH, Clark RA, Schmidt N, Benight CC, Kissinger P. The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on HIV disease progression following hurricane Katrina. AIDS Care 2010; 21:1298-305. [PMID: 20024706 DOI: 10.1080/09540120902732027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological outcome of any disaster. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PTSD on disease progression among HIV-infected persons in metropolitan New Orleans post-hurricane Katrina. One-year post-storm, a convenience sample of 145 HIV-infected patients who returned to care at the HIV Outpatient Program clinic in New Orleans were interviewed. Clinical factors pre and one and two years post-disaster were abstracted from medical records and compared by PTSD status. Of the 145 participants, 37.2% had PTSD. Those with PTSD were more likely than those without PTSD to have detectable plasma viral loads at both follow-up time points post-disaster and more likely to have CD4 cell counts <200/mm(3) two years post-disaster. They were also more likely to have had medication interruptions immediately post-disaster. Our findings corroborate the findings of others that PTSD accelerates HIV disease progression. Disaster planners should consider the special counseling and medication safeguards needs of HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Reilly KH, Gu D, Duan X, Wu X, Chen CS, Huang J, Kelly TN, Chen J, Liu X, Yu L, Bazzano LA, He J. Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in Chinese adults. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:998-1004. [PMID: 18256446 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and risk factors were studied in a nationally representative sample of 169,871 Chinese men and women aged 40 years or older. Baseline data were collected in 1991 by using a standard protocol, and a follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999-2000, with a response rate of 93.4%. Age-standardized mortality (per 100,000 person-years) was 179.9 for men and 141.3 for women. After adjustment for important covariables, the respective relative risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality for baseline risk factors in men and women were 2.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.64, 2.98) and 2.71 (95% CI: 2.53, 2.89) for each 10-year increase in age, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.95) and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.95) for alcohol consumption, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.35) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.15) for >/=20 pack-years of smoking, 2.37 (95% CI: 1.91, 2.94) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.66, 3.67) for non-high-school graduation, 1.57 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.79) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.56) for physical inactivity, 2.66 (95% CI: 2.34, 3.02) and 2.60 (95% CI: 2.25, 3.00) for underweight, 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.00) for living in northern China, and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.86, 2.46) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.55, 2.07) for living in rural China. This study indicated that cigarette smoking, low educational level, physical inactivity, and underweight are important modifiable risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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