1
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Couoh LR, Bucio L, Ruvalcaba JL, Manoel B, Tang T, Gourrier A, Grandfield K. Tooth acellular extrinsic fibre cementum incremental lines in humans are formed by parallel branched Sharpey's fibres and not by its mineral phase. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108084. [PMID: 38479547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the growth pattern of the acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) has been useful to estimate the age-at-death. However, the structural organization behind such a pattern remains poorly understood. In this study tooth cementum from seven individuals from a Mexican modern skeletal series were analyzed with the aim of unveiling the AEFC collagenous and mineral structure using multimodal imaging approaches. The organization of collagen fibres was first determined using: light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron tomography, and plasma FIB scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography. The mineral properties were then investigated using: synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for T-parameter (correlation length between mineral particles); synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for L-parameter (mineral crystalline domain size estimation), alignment parameter (crystals preferred orientation) and lattice parameters a and c; as well as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for spatial distribution of calcium, phosphorus and zinc. Results show that Sharpey's fibres branched out fibres that cover and uncover other collagen bundles forming aligned arched structures that are joined by these same fibres but in a parallel fashion. The parallel fibres are not set as a continuum on the same plane and when they are superimposed project the AEFC incremental lines due to the collagen birefringence. The orientation of the apatite crystallites is subject to the arrangement of the collagen fibres, and the obtained parameter values along with the elemental distribution maps, revealed this mineral tissue as relatively homogeneous. Therefore, no intrinsic characteristics of the mineral phase could be associated with the alternating AEFC incremental pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes R Couoh
- Dirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Paseo de la Reforma y Gandhi, Chapultepec Polanco 11560, CDMX, México.
| | - Lauro Bucio
- Laboratorio de Cristalofísica y Materiales Naturales, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - José Luis Ruvalcaba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Britta Manoel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000, Grenoble, France; Bruker AXS Advanced X-ray Solutions GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
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2
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Abdellah AM, Ismail F, Siig OW, Yang J, Andrei CM, DiCecco LA, Rakhsha A, Salem KE, Grandfield K, Bassim N, Black R, Kastlunger G, Soleymani L, Higgins D. Impact of palladium/palladium hydride conversion on electrochemical CO 2 reduction via in-situ transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:938. [PMID: 38296966 PMCID: PMC10831057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 offers a sustainable route for producing fuels and chemicals. Pd-based catalysts are effective for converting CO2 into formate at low overpotentials and CO/H2 at high overpotentials, while undergoing poorly understood morphology and phase structure transformations under reaction conditions that impact performance. Herein, in-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and select area diffraction measurements are applied to track the morphology and Pd/PdHx phase interconversion under reaction conditions as a function of electrode potential. These studies identify the degradation mechanisms, including poisoning and physical structure changes, occurring in PdHx/Pd electrodes. Constant potential density functional theory calculations are used to probe the reaction mechanisms occurring on the PdHx structures observed under reaction conditions. Microkinetic modeling reveals that the intercalation of *H into Pd is essential for formate production. However, the change in electrochemical CO2 conversion selectivity away from formate and towards CO/H2 at increasing overpotentials is due to electrode potential dependent changes in the reaction energetics and not a consequence of morphology or phase structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fatma Ismail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver W Siig
- CatTheory, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen M Andrei
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Amirhossein Rakhsha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kholoud E Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nabil Bassim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robert Black
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy, Mining, and Environment Research Centre, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Kastlunger
- CatTheory, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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3
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Micheletti C, Shah FA, Palmquist A, Grandfield K. Ultrastructure and Nanoporosity of Human Bone Shown with Correlative On-Axis Electron and Spectroscopic Tomographies. ACS Nano 2023; 17:24710-24724. [PMID: 37846873 PMCID: PMC10753897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen fibrils are the building block units of bone at the nanoscale. While it is known that collagen fibrils are mineralized both inside their gap zones (intra-fibrillar mineralization) and on their outer surfaces (extra-fibrillar mineralization), a clear visualization of this architecture in three dimensions (3D), combining structural and compositional information over large volumes, but without compromising the resolution, remains challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the use of on-axis Z-contrast electron tomography (ET) with correlative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tomography to examine rod-shaped samples with diameters up to 700 nm prepared from individual osteonal lamellae in the human femur. Our work mainly focuses on two aspects: (i) low-contrast nanosized circular spaces ("holes") observed in sections of bone oriented perpendicular to the long axis of a long bone, and (ii) extra-fibrillar mineral, especially in terms of morphology and spatial relationship with respect to intra-fibrillar mineral and collagen fibrils. From our analyses, it emerges quite clearly that most "holes" are cross-sectional views of collagen fibrils. While this had been postulated before, our 3D reconstructions and reslicing along meaningful two-dimensional (2D) cross-sections provide a direct visual confirmation. Extra-fibrillar mineral appears to be composed of thin plates that are interconnected and span over several collagen fibrils, confirming that mineralization is cross-fibrillar, at least for the extra-fibrillar phase. EDX tomography shows mineral signatures (Ca and P) within the gap zones, but the signal appears weaker than that associated with the extra-fibrillar mineral, pointing toward the existence of dissimilarities between the two types of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
- Department
of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University
of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department
of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University
of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department
of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University
of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
- Brockhouse
Institute for Materials Research, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Deering J, Mahmoud D, Rier E, Lin Y, do Nascimento Pereira AC, Titotto S, Fang Q, Wohl GR, Deng F, Grandfield K, Elbestawi MA, Chen J. Osseointegration of functionally graded Ti6Al4V porous implants: Histology of the pore network. Biomater Adv 2023; 155:213697. [PMID: 37979439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of titanium into porous geometries offers a means to generate low-stiffness endosseous implants with a greater surface area available for osseointegration. In this work, selective laser melting was used to produce gyroid-based scaffolds with a uniform pore size of 300 μm or functionally graded pore size from 600 μm to 300 μm. Initial in vitro assessment with Saos-2 cells showed favourable cell proliferation at pore sizes of 300 and 600 μm. Following implantation into rabbit tibiae, early histological observations at four weeks indicated some residual inflammation alongside neovessel infiltration into the scaffold interior and some early apposition of mineralized bone tissue. At twelve weeks, both scaffolds were filled with a mixture of adipocyte-rich marrow, micro-capillaries, and mineralized bone tissue. X-ray microcomputed tomography showed a higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC) in the implants with 300 μm pores than in the functionally graded specimens. In functionally graded specimens, localized BV/TV measurement was observed to be higher in the innermost region containing smaller pores (estimated at 300-400 μm) than in larger pores at the implant exterior. The unit cell topology of the porous implant was also observed to guide the direction of bone ingrowth by conducting along the implant struts. These results suggest that in vivo experimentation is necessary alongside parametric optimization of functionally graded porous implants to predict short-term and long-term bone apposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dalia Mahmoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Elyse Rier
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujing Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Cecilia do Nascimento Pereira
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil; 4D Printing and Biomimetics' (4DB) Research Group, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Silvia Titotto
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil; 4D Printing and Biomimetics' (4DB) Research Group, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Qiyin Fang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Wohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Feilong Deng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Mohamed A Elbestawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Grandfield K, Binkley DM, Ay B, Liu ZM, Wang X, Davies JE. Nanoscale implant anchorage aided by cement line deposition into titanium dioxide nanotubes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1866-1874. [PMID: 37358344 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of titanium dental implants relies on osseointegration, the load-bearing connection between bone tissue and the device that, in contact osteogenesis, comprises the deposition of bony cement line matrix onto the implant surface. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs) are considered a promising surface for improved osseointegration, yet the mechanisms of cement line integration with such features remains elusive. Herein, we illustrate cement line deposition into NTs on the surface of titanium implants with two underlaying microstructures: a machined surface or a blasted/acid etched surface placed in the tibiae of Wistar rats. After retrieval, scanning electron microscopy of tissue reflected from the implant surface indicated minimal incursion of the cement line matrix into the NTs. To investigate this further, focused ion beam was utilized to prepare cross-sectional samples that could be characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The cement line matrix covered NTs regardless of underlying microstructure, which was further confirmed by elemental analysis. In some instances, cement line infiltration into the NTs was noted, which reveals a mechanism of nanoscale anchorage. This study is the first to demonstrate cement line deposition into titanium NTs, suggesting nano-anchorage as a mechanism for the success of the NT modified surfaces in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dakota Marie Binkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Birol Ay
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhen Mei Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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DiCecco LA, Gao R, Gray JL, Kelly DF, Sone ED, Grandfield K. Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy for Probing Collagen Biomineralization. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9760-9768. [PMID: 37669509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen biomineralization is fundamental to hard tissue assembly. While studied extensively, collagen mineralization processes are not fully understood, with the majority of theories derived from electron microscopy (EM) under static, dehydrated, or frozen conditions, unlike the liquid phase environment where mineralization occurs. Herein, novel liquid transmission EM (TEM) strategies are presented, in which collagen mineralization was explored in liquid for the first time via TEM. Custom thin-film enclosures were employed to visualize the mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils in a calcium phosphate and polyaspartic acid solution to promote intrafibrillar mineralization. TEM highlighted that at early time points precursor mineral particles attached to collagen and progressed to crystalline mineral platelets aligned with fibrils at later time points. This aligns with observations from other techniques and validates the liquid TEM approach. This work provides a new liquid imaging approach for exploring collagen biomineralization, advancing toward understanding disease pathogenesis and remineralization strategies for hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4400, United States
| | - Ruixin Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gray
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Deborah F Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4400, United States
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Eli D Sone
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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7
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DiCecco LA, Gao R, Gray JL, Kelly DF, Sone ED, Grandfield K. Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging of Organic-inorganic Interfaces: Exploring Hydrated Collagen Mineralization Processes. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1236-1238. [PMID: 37613458 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ruixin Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gray
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Deborah F Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PAUSA
| | - Eli D Sone
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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8
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Micheletti C, Jolic M, Grandfield K, Shah FA, Palmquist A. Bone structure and composition in a hyperglycemic, obese, and leptin receptor-deficient rat: Microscale characterization of femur and calvarium. Bone 2023; 172:116747. [PMID: 37028238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, can impact bone quantity and/or bone quality. In this work, we characterize bone material properties, in terms of structure and composition, in a novel rat model with congenic leptin receptor (LepR) deficiency, severe obesity, and hyperglycemia (type 2 diabetes-like condition). Femurs and calvaria (parietal region) from 20-week-old male rats are examined to probe bones formed both by endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Compared to the healthy controls, the LepR-deficient animals display significant alterations in femur microarchitecture and in calvarium morphology when analyzed by micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT). In particular, shorter femurs with reduced bone volume, combined with thinner parietal bones and shorter sagittal suture, point towards a delay in the skeletal development of the LepR-deficient rodents. On the other hand, LepR-deficient animals and healthy controls display analogous bone matrix composition, which is assessed in terms of tissue mineral density by micro-CT, degree of mineralization by quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and various metrics extrapolated from Raman hyperspectral images. Some specific microstructural features, i.e., mineralized cartilage islands in the femurs and hyper-mineralized areas in the parietal bones, also show comparable distribution and characteristics in both groups. Overall, the altered bone microarchitecture in the LepR-deficient animals indicates compromised bone quality, despite the normal bone matrix composition. The delayed development is also consistent with observations in humans with congenic Lep/LepR deficiency, making this animal model a suitable candidate for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Jolic
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Merlo A, González-Martínez E, Saad K, Gomez M, Grewal M, Deering J, DiCecco LA, Hosseinidoust Z, Sask KN, Moran-Mirabal JM, Grandfield K. Functionalization of 3D Printed Scaffolds Using Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Bone-Interfacing Applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1161-1172. [PMID: 36881860 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of bacterial colonization and the stimulation of osseointegration are two major requirements for bone-interfacing materials to reduce the incidence of complications and promote the restoration of the patient's health. The present investigation developed an effective, two-step functionalization of 3D printed scaffolds intended for bone-interfacing applications using a simple polydopamine (PDA) dip-coating method followed by the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) after a second coating step in silver nitrate. 3D printed polymeric substrates coated with a ∼20 nm PDA layer and 70 nm diameter AgNPs proved effective in hindering Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, with a 3000-8000-fold reduction in the number of bacterial colonies formed. The implementation of porous geometries significantly accelerated osteoblast-like cell growth. Microscopy characterization further elucidated homogeneity, features, and penetration of the coating inside the scaffold. A proof-of-concept coating on titanium substrates attests to the transferability of the method to other materials, broadening the range of applications both in and outside the medical sector. The antibacterial efficiency of the coating is likely to lead to a decrease in the number of bacterial infections developed after surgery in the presence of these coatings on prosthetics, thus translating to a reduction in revision surgeries and improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Merlo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eduardo González-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kamal Saad
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mellissa Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Manjot Grewal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jose M Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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10
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Gomes-Ferreira PHS, Frigério PB, de Moura J, Duarte ND, de Oliveira D, Deering J, Grandfield K, Okamoto R. Evaluation of Vitamin D isolated or Associated with Teriparatide in Peri-Implant Bone Repair in Tibia of Orchiectomized Rats. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020228. [PMID: 36829506 PMCID: PMC9952949 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometry of peri-implant bone tissue in orchiectomized rats, treated with vitamin D isolated or associated with teriparatide. (2) Methods: 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: ORQ-orchiectomy, without drug treatment, ORQ+D-orchiectomy, treated with vitamin D, ORQTERI-orchiectomy, treated with teriparatide and ORQTERI+D-orchiectomy, treated with teriparatide + vitamin D. Each animal received an implant in the tibial metaphysis. Euthanasia occurred 60 days after implant surgery. Computed microtomography (micro-CT) was performed to evaluate the parameters of volume and percentage of bone volume (BV, BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number and separation of trabeculae (Tb.N, Tb.Sp) and percentage of total porosity (Po-tot). Data were subjected to 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test, with a significance level of 5%. (3) Results: For the parameters BV, BV/TV, Tb.Th, the ORQTERI+D group showed the highest values in relation to the other groups and for Po-tot, the lowest values were for ORQTERI+D. For Tb.Sp and Tb.N, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing intragroup results (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: It was possible to conclude that treatment with vitamin D associated with teriparatide increases bone volume and improves bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Silva Gomes-Ferreira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.H.S.G.-F.); (R.O.); Tel.: +55-18-981109555 (P.H.S.G.-F.)
| | - Paula Buzo Frigério
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Moura
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dantas Duarte
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
| | - Danila de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
| | - Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba 16018-805, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.H.S.G.-F.); (R.O.); Tel.: +55-18-981109555 (P.H.S.G.-F.)
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11
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Babi M, Williams A, Reid M, Grandfield K, Bassim ND, Moran-Mirabal JM. Unraveling the Supramolecular Structure and Nanoscale Dislocations of Bacterial Cellulose Ribbons Using Correlative Super-Resolution Light and Electron Microscopy. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:258-268. [PMID: 36577132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a structural linear polysaccharide that is naturally produced by plants and bacteria, making it the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. The hierarchical structure of cellulose from the nano- to microscale is intimately linked to its biosynthesis and the ability to process this sustainable resource for materials applications. Despite this, the morphology of bacterial cellulose microfibrils and their assembly into higher order structures, as well as the structural origins of the alternating crystalline and disordered supramolecular structure of cellulose, have remained elusive. In this work, we employed high-resolution transmission electron and atomic force microscopies to study the morphology of bacterial cellulose ribbons at different levels of its structural hierarchy and provide direct visualization of nanometer-wide microfibrils. The non-persistent twisting of cellulose ribbons was characterized in detail, and we found that twists are associated with nanostructural defects at the bundle and microfibril levels. To investigate the structural origins of the persistent disordered regions that are present along cellulose ribbons, we employed a correlative super-resolution light and electron microscopy workflow and observed that the disordered regions that can be seen in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy largely correlated with the ribbon twisting observed in electron microscopy. Unraveling the hierarchical assembly of bacterial cellulose and the ultrastructural basis of its disordered regions provides insights into its biosynthesis and susceptibility to hydrolysis. These findings are important to understand the cell-directed assembly of cellulose, develop new cellulose-based nanomaterials, and develop more efficient biomass conversion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhanad Babi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alyssa Williams
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Marcia Reid
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nabil D Bassim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jose M Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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12
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Micheletti C, DiCecco L, Larsson Wexell C, Binkley DM, Palmquist A, Grandfield K, Shah FA. Multimodal and Multiscale Characterization of the
Bone‐Bacteria
Interface in a Case of
Medication‐Related
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10693. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Larsson Wexell
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine Malmö University Malmö Sweden
| | - Dakota M. Binkley
- School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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13
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Deering J, Lin DSY, D'Elia A, Zhang B, Grandfield K. Fabrication of succinate-alginate xerogel films for in vitro coupling of osteogenesis and neovascularization. Biomater Adv 2022; 141:213122. [PMID: 36162345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The osseointegration of metallic implants is reliant on a cascade of molecular interactions and the delivery of macromolecules to the implant environment that occurs before substantial bone formation. Early blood vessel formation is a requisite first step in the healing timeline for osteoid formation, where vascular development can be accelerated as a result of controlled hypoxic conditioning. In this study, alginate-derived xerogel films containing varied concentrations of disodium succinate salt which has been shown to induce pseudohypoxia (short-term hypoxic effects while maintaining an oxygenated environment) were developed. Xerogels were characterized for their morphology, succinate release over time and cellular response with osteoblast-mimicking Saos-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a multiscale topography that may favour osseointegration and alamarBlue assays indicated no cytotoxic effects during in vitro proliferation of Saos-2 cells. pH measurements of eluted succinate reach 95 % of peak value after 7 h of immersion for all gels containing 10 mM of succinate or less, and 60 % within the first 40 min. In vitro exposure of HUVECs to succinate-conditioned media increased the net concentration of total proteins measured by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay and maintains stable vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for vessel formation through comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of the culture media and cell lysate. Tube formation assays also showed a sustained increase in tube diameter across the first 48 h of HUVEC culture when succinate concentrations of 1 and 10 μM in the xerogel. Overall, the succinate-alginate films serve as a prospective organic coating for bone-interfacing implant materials which may induce temporary pseudohypoxic conditions favourable for early angiogenesis and bone regeneration in vivo at succinate concentrations of 1 or 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn S Y Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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14
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Williams A, Davila M, Mossman K, Grandfield K, Phaneuf M, Bassim N. Utilization of FIB–SEM nanotomography to visualize early HCoV-229E virus-mediated endocytosis nanoscale interactions. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322096802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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DiCecco LA, Berry S, Jonaid GM, Solares MJ, Kaylor L, Gray JL, Bator C, Dearnaley WJ, Spilman M, Dressel-Dukes MJ, Grandfield K, McDonald Esstman SM, Kelly DF. Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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16
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Grandfield K, Micheletti C, Deering J, Arcuri G, Tang T, Langelier B. Atom Probe Tomography for Biomaterials and Biomineralization. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:44-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Micheletti C, Hurley A, Gourrier A, Palmquist A, Tang T, Shah FA, Grandfield K. Bone mineral organization at the mesoscale: A review of mineral ellipsoids in bone and at bone interfaces. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:1-13. [PMID: 35202855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Much debate still revolves around bone architecture, especially at the nano- and microscale. Bone is a remarkable material where high strength and toughness coexist thanks to an optimized composition of mineral and protein and their hierarchical organization across several distinct length scales. At the nanoscale, mineralized collagen fibrils act as building block units. Despite their key role in biological and mechanical functions, the mechanisms of collagen mineralization and the precise arrangement of the organic and inorganic constituents in the fibrils remains not fully elucidated. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) characterization of mineralized bone tissue by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed mineral-rich regions geometrically approximated as prolate ellipsoids, much larger than single collagen fibrils. These structures have yet to become prominently recognized, studied, or adopted into biomechanical models of bone. However, they closely resemble the circular to elliptical features previously identified by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in two-dimensions (2D). Herein, we review the presence of mineral ellipsoids in bone as observed with electron-based imaging techniques in both 2D and 3D with particular focus on different species, anatomical locations, and in proximity to natural and synthetic biomaterial interfaces. This review reveals that mineral ellipsoids are a ubiquitous structure in all the bones and bone-implant interfaces analyzed. This largely overlooked hierarchical level is expected to bring different perspectives to our understanding of bone mineralization and mechanical properties, in turn shedding light on structure-function relationships in bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In bone, the hierarchical organization of organic (mainly collagen type I) and inorganic (calcium-phosphate mineral) components across several length scales contributes to a unique combination of strength and toughness. However, aspects related to the collagen-mineral organization and to mineralization mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we review the presence of mineral prolate ellipsoids across a variety of species, anatomical locations, and interfaces, both natural and with synthetic biomaterials. These mineral ellipsoids represent a largely unstudied feature in the organization of bone at the mesoscale, i.e., at a level connecting nano- and microscale. Thorough understanding of their origin, development, and structure can provide valuable insights into bone architecture and mineralization, assisting the treatment of bone diseases and the design of bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Ariana Hurley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
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18
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Gomes-Ferreira PHS, Micheletti C, Frigério PB, de Souza Batista FR, Monteiro NG, Bim-júnior O, Lisboa-Filho PN, Grandfield K, Okamoto R. PTH 1-34-functionalized bioactive glass improves peri-implant bone repair in orchiectomized rats: Microscale and ultrastructural evaluation. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2022; 134:112688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Presas A, Valentin D, Deering J, Kampschulte M, Yu B, Grandfield K, Mele E, Biehl C, Krombach GA, Heiss C, Bosbach WA. Resonance vibration interventions in the femur: Experimental-numerical modelling approaches. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104850. [PMID: 34607300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVE External vibration excitation might be key to many novel non-surgical interventions for pathologies in the musculoskeletal system and in other parts of the human organism. Lack of understanding about vibration patterns, their controllability, and reproducibility are three limitations of ongoing research. This study establishes a bovine vibration model and animal model replacements for future research. METHODS We used biological samples (n=5) and one polyurethane sample of the bovine femur. Mechanical resonance was measured experimentally and analysed numerically by finite element method. MAIN RESULTS The experiments obtained 5 distinct mode shapes for the biological sample set, with standard deviation < 7.5%. Finite element analysis of the biological samples can replicate experimental mode shape deflection. The use of polyurethane changes resonance character but results are also good approximations of the biological samples. CONCLUSIONS A model of the bovine femur with consistent resonance behaviour is presented with alternatives (polyurethane and finite element analysis) that can serve in reducing the number of necessary biological samples. Future work will be to adapt results to human anatomy. Of clinical interest will be to influence bone pathologies such as post-surgical non-union, or bone functionality as part of haematopoiesis and endocrine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Presas
- Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain
| | - David Valentin
- Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain
| | - Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Experimental Radiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional, and Paediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Bosco Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Mele
- Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Christoph Biehl
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele A Krombach
- Experimental Radiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional, and Paediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfram A Bosbach
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Micheletti C, Gomes-Ferreira PHS, Casagrande T, Lisboa-Filho PN, Okamoto R, Grandfield K. From tissue retrieval to electron tomography: nanoscale characterization of the interface between bone and bioactive glass. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210181. [PMID: 34493088 PMCID: PMC8424340 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of biomaterials for bone regeneration relies on many factors, among which osseointegration plays a key role. Biogran (BG) is a bioactive glass commonly employed as a bone graft in dental procedures. Despite its use in clinical practice, the capability of BG to promote osseointegration has never been resolved at the nanoscale. In this paper, we present the workflow for characterizing the interface between newly formed bone and BG in a preclinical rat model. Areas of bone-BG contact were first identified by backscattered electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope. A focused ion beam in situ lift-out protocol was employed to prepare ultrathin samples for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The bone-BG gradual interface, i.e. the biointerphase, was visualized at the nanoscale with unprecedented resolution thanks to scanning transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we present a method to view the bone-BG interface in three dimensions using electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Travis Casagrande
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Productivity Scholarship (Process: 309408/2020-2), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Fu L, Williams J, Micheletti C, Lee BEJ, Xu G, Huang J, Engqvist H, Xia W, Grandfield K. Three-Dimensional Insights into Interfacial Segregation at the Atomic Scale in a Nanocrystalline Glass-Ceramic. Nano Lett 2021; 21:6898-6906. [PMID: 34370487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of dopant atoms plays a key role in the effectiveness of doping, thereby requiring delicate characterizations. In this study, we found that energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were not adequate to reveal the distribution of yttrium and the chemical composition of the ZrO2/SiO2 heterophase interface in an yttrium-doped ZrO2-SiO2 nanocrystalline glass-ceramic. Atom probe tomography (APT) is rarely utilized to characterize ceramics due to some inherent difficulties. However, we successfully revealed the three-dimensional distribution of ZrO2 nanocrystallites and SiO2 matrix at the atomic scale with APT under optimized and well-controlled conditions. We also found that the ZrO2 nanocrystallites had a special core-shell structure, with a thin Zr/Si interfacial layer as a shell and a ZrO2 solid solution as a core. Yttrium dopants showed interfacial segregation at both ZrO2 grain boundaries and the ZrO2/SiO2 heterophase interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jeromy Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Bryan E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Guofu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiwu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 Ontario, Canada
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22
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Lee BEJ, Langelier B, Grandfield K. Visualization of Collagen-Mineral Arrangement Using Atom Probe Tomography. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100657. [PMID: 34296817 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a functional material comprised of mainly two phases: an organic collagenous phase and an inorganic mineral phase. Collagen-mineral arrangement has implications for bone function, aging, and disease. However, theories on collagen-mineral arrangement have been confined to studies with low spatial and/or compositional resolution resulting in an extensive debate over the location of mineral with respect to collagen. Herein, a strategy is developed to extract a single mineralized collagen fibril from bone and analyze its composition and structure atom-by-atom with 3D sub-nanometer accuracy and compositional clarity using atom probe tomography (APT). It is shown for the first time a method to probe fibril-level mineralization and collagen-mineral arrangement from an in vivo system with both the spatial and compositional precision required to comment on nanoscale collagen-mineral arrangement. APT of leporine bone shows distinct and helical collagen fibrils with mineralized deposits both encapsulating and incorporated into the collagenous structures. This study demonstrates a novel fibril-level detection method that can be used to probe the composition of bone and contribute new insights to the structure and organization of mineralized materials such as bones and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian Langelier
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
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DiCecco LA, D'Elia A, Miller C, Sask KN, Soleymani L, Grandfield K. Electron Microscopy Imaging Applications of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in the Biological Field: A Review. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2488-2506. [PMID: 33690961 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For biological imaging using electron microscopy (EM), the use of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional lengthy preparation methods. With their low vapor pressures and conductivity, RTILs can be applied onto hard-to-image soft and/or wet samples without dehydration - allowing for a more representative, hydrated state of material and opening the possibility for visualization of in situ physiological processes using conventional EM systems. However, RTILs have yet to be utilized to their full potential by microscopists and microbiologists alike. To this end, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of biological applications of RTILs for EM to bridge the RTIL, in situ microscopy, and biological communities. We outline future research avenues for the use of RTILs for the EM observation of biological samples, notably i) RTIL selection and optimization, ii) applications for live cell processes and iii) electron beam and ionic liquid interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Andrew D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Chelsea Miller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.,Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
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Deering J, Presas A, Yu B, Valentin D, Heiss C, Bosbach WA, Grandfield K. Implant resonance and the mechanostat theory: Applications of therapeutic ultrasound for porous metallic scaffolds. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 125:112070. [PMID: 33965119 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of treatment strategies for improving secondary stability at the bone-implant interface is a challenge. Porous implants are one solution for improving long-term implant stability, but the osteoconduction process of implants into the bone can be slow. Strain-driven osteogenesis from the mechanostat theory offers insight into pathways for post-operative treatment but mechanisms to deliver strain to the bone-implant interface need refinement. In this work, the use of therapeutic ultrasound is simulated to induce resonance into a porous implant structure. Local strains through the scaffold are measured by varying systemic variables such as damping ratio, applied vibrational force, primary bone-implant stability, and input frequency. At the natural frequency of the system with applied forces of 0.5 N and a damping ratio of 0.5%, roughly half of the nodes in the simulated environment exceed the microstrain threshold of 1000 με required for new bone formation. A high degree of sensitivity was noted upon changing input frequency, with minor sensitivities arising from damping ratio and applied vibrational force. These findings suggest that the application of therapeutic resonance to improve osseointegration of the bone-implant interface may be viable for applications including dental implants or segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Presas
- Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bosco Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Valentin
- Center for Industrial Diagnostics and Fluid Dynamics (CDIF), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Heiss
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfram A Bosbach
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Micheletti C, Suriano R, Grandfield K, Turri S. Drug release from polymer-coated TiO2 nanotubes on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V bone implants: a feasibility study. Nano Ex 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insufficient osseointegration, inflammatory response and bacterial infection are responsible for the majority of bone implant failures. Drug-releasing implants subjected to adequate surface modification can concurrently address these challenges to improve the success of implant surgeries. This work investigates the use of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) with a dual-scale surface topography as a platform for local drug delivery. Dual-scale topography was obtained combining the inherent microscale roughness of the Ti64 samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) with the nanoscale roughness of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) obtained by subsequent electrochemical anodization at 60 V for 30 min. TNTs were loaded with a solution of penicillin-streptomycin, a common antibiotic, and drug release was tested in vitro. Three biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, i.e. chitosan, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), were deposited by spin coating, while preserving the microscale topography of the substrate underneath. The presence of polymer coatings overall modified the drug release pattern, as revealed by fitting of the experimental data with a power-law model. A slight extension in the overall duration of drug release (about 17% for a single layer and 33% for two layers of PCL and PHB) and reduced burst release was observed for all polymer-coated samples compared to uncoated, especially when two layers of coatings were applied.
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26
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Deering J, Dowling KI, DiCecco LA, McLean GD, Yu B, Grandfield K. Selective Voronoi tessellation as a method to design anisotropic and biomimetic implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104361. [PMID: 33550142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of a metallic scaffold is important for the success of bone implants, where the introduction of porosity can reduce stress shielding effects and allow for bone tissue integration. In this work, porous scaffolds were designed to closely mimic the natural structure of trabecular bone using selective Voronoi tessellation with preferential seeding. A workflow to generate these structures is introduced, where voided regions of seeds in the starting volume create preferential texture during polyhedral expansion, resulting in modified strut orientation in the implant. Anisotropy was digitally characterized by mean-intercept length and star volume distribution measurements to determine similarity to trabecular orientation. This work demonstrates that selective Voronoi tessellation is an effective method to generate biomimetic porous scaffolds with increased anisotropy and tunable strut architecture in three dimensions as a suitable alternative to patient-derived bone geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kierdra I Dowling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Griffin D McLean
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bosco Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Lee BEJ, DiCecco LA, Exir H, Weck A, Sask KN, Grandfield K. Simultaneous Visualization of Wet Cells and Nanostructured Biomaterials in SEM using Ionic Liquids. Chembiochem 2020; 22:571-576. [PMID: 32918376 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a successful methodology to image mammalian cells adhered to nanostructured titanium by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) operating in low-vacuum mode following ionic liquid treatment. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were treated with a room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and subsequently imaged on titanium by SEM. Titanium substrates were modified to create laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) for visualization at the submicron scale. By using a combination of fluorescence-based cell metabolism along with light microscopy and SEM image analysis, the shape and location of irradiated cells were confirmed to be unchanged after multiple irradiation sessions; the viability of minimally irradiated cells was also unaltered. The wet imaging conditions combined with a rapid facile protocol using ionic liquid allows this technique to fulfill a niche in examining cellular behavior on biomaterials with submicron surface features. The demonstrated method to track observed cell adhesion to submicron surface features by SEM has great implications for understanding cell migration on nanostructured surfaces as well as the exploration of simpler SEM preparation methods for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Hourieh Exir
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.,Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Arnaud Weck
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.,Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
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Gomes-Ferreira PHS, de Oliveira D, Frigério PB, de Souza Batista FR, Grandfield K, Okamoto R. Teriparatide improves microarchitectural characteristics of peri-implant bone in orchiectomized rats. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1807-1815. [PMID: 32383065 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study evaluated the peri-implant bone repair in orchiectomized rats receiving intermittently PTH 1-34. The treatment returned the bone quality and quantity of the animals to normal in the computerized microtomography, laser confocal microscopy, and histological analysis. The PTH 1-34 promoted marked bone formation with increased volume, improved quality, and greater bone turnover. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis can be a problem in implant osseointegration. So this study aimed to evaluate the quantity and quality of peri-implant bone repair in orchiectomized Wistar rats receiving intermittently administered PTH 1-34. METHODS Animals (n = 24) were divided into 3 groups: healthy control (SHAM), orchiectomized (ORQ), and orchiectomized and treated with 0.5 μg/kg/day PTH 1-34 (TERI), and each received an implant in the right and left tibial metaphysis, which was allowed to repair for 60 days. The resultant bone formation was evaluated through computerized microtomography (micro-CT) to compare the percent bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number and separation (Tb.N, Tb.Sp), and bone implant contact (BIC) through the intersection surface (i.S) between groups. Laser confocal microscopy was used to evaluate fluorochrome areas for mineral apposition rate (MAR) and neoformed bone area (NBA). In addition, histological evaluation of calcified tissues with Stevenel blue and alizarin red staining was performed. RESULTS Treatment with PTH 1-34 returned the bone quality and quantity of the osteoporotic animal to normal, as the TERI group presented statistically significant higher values for BV/TV, Tb.Th, and BIC parameters compared with ORQ (p < 0.05), but when compared with SHAM (p > 0.05), no statistical difference was noted. In addition, in the bone turnover analysis (MAR, NBA) for TERI, the highest results are presented, followed by SHAM, and then ORQ (TERI × ORQ: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intermittent treatment with PTH 1-34 on orchiectomized animals promoted marked bone formation with increased volume, improved quality, and greater bone turnover in the peri-implant space, returning the bone quality and quantity to the present standard in healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H S Gomes-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Aracatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
| | - D de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - P B Frigério
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - F R de Souza Batista
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Aracatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - K Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Research Productivity Scholarship (Process: 306389/2017-7), Aracatuba, SP, Brazil
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29
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Schwarcz HP, Binkley DM, Luo L, Grandfield K. A search for apatite crystals in the gap zone of collagen fibrils in bone using dark-field illumination. Bone 2020; 135:115304. [PMID: 32145461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bright-field transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ion milled or focused ion beam (FIB) sections of cortical bone sectioned parallel to the long axis of collagen fibrils display an electron-dense phase in the gap zones of the fibrils, as well as elongated plates (termed mineral lamellae) comprised of apatite crystals, which surround and lie between the fibrils. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) studies by others have shown that the material in the gap zones is calcium phosphate. Dark-field (DF) images are capable of revealing the projected position of crystals of apatite in a section of bone. We obtained bright field (BF) images of ion milled sections of bovine femoral cortical bone cut parallel to fibril axes (longitudinal view), and compared them with DF images obtained using the (002) apatite reflection to test a widely held theory that most of the mineral in bone resides in the gap zones. Most apatite crystals which were illuminated in DF images and which projected onto gap zones were extensions of crystals that also project onto adjacent overlap zones. However, in BF images, overlap zones do not appear to contain significant amounts of mineral, implying that the crystals imaged in DF are actually in the interfibrillar matrix but projected onto images of fibrils. However a small number of "free" illuminated crystals did not extend into the overlap zones; these could be physically located inside the gap zones. We note that projections of gap zones cover 60% of the area of any longitudinal field of view; thus these "free" crystals have a high random probability of appearing to lie on a gap zone, wherever they physically lie in the section. The evidence of this study does not support the notion that most of the mineral of bone consists of crystals in the gap zone. This study leaves uncertain what is the Ca-P containing material present in gap zones; a possible candidate material is amorphous calcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Schwarcz
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D M Binkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Grandfield
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Micheletti C, Lee BEJ, Deering J, Binkley DM, Coulson S, Hussanain A, Zurob H, Grandfield K. Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr bone implants with dual-scale topography: a promising alternative to Ti-6Al-4V. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:235101. [PMID: 32097900 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab79ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to the compositional, topographical and morphological aspects of bone implants can lead to improved osseointegration, thus increasing the success of bone implant procedures. This study investigates the creation of dual-scale topography on Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (Ti5553), an alloy not presently used in the biomedical field, and compares it to Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), the most used Ti alloy for bone implants. Dual-scale surface topography was obtained by combining selective laser melting (SLM) and electrochemical anodization, which resulted in micro- and nanoscale surface features, respectively. Ti5553 and Ti64 samples were manufactured by SLM and showed comparable surface topography. Subsequent electrochemical anodization succeeded in forming titania nanotubes (TNTs) on both alloys, with larger nanotubes obtained with Ti5553 at all investigated anodization voltages. At an anodization voltage of 40 V, a minimum time of 20 min was necessary to have nanotube formation on the surface of either alloy, while only nanopores were evident for shorter times. Seeded Saos-2 cells showed ideal interactions with surface-modified structures, with filopodia extending to both surface microparticles characteristic of SLM and to the interior of TNTs. Attractiveness of Ti5553 lies in its lower elastic modulus (E = 72 GPa) compared to Ti64, which should mitigate stress-shielding phenomena in vivo. This, combined with the analogous results obtained in terms of dual-scale surface topography and cell-substrate interaction, could indicate Ti5553 as a promising alternative to the widely-employed Ti64 for bone implant device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Imani SM, Maclachlan R, Rachwalski K, Chan Y, Lee B, McInnes M, Grandfield K, Brown ED, Didar TF, Soleymani L. Flexible Hierarchical Wraps Repel Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Positive Bacteria. ACS Nano 2020; 14:454-465. [PMID: 31834780 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare acquired infections are a major human health problem, and are becoming increasingly troublesome with the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Engineered surfaces that reduce the adhesion, proliferation, and spread of bacteria have promise as a mean of preventing infections and reducing the use of antibiotics. To address this need, we created a flexible plastic wrap that combines a hierarchical wrinkled structure with chemical functionalization to reduce bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and the transfer of bacteria through an intermediate surface. These hierarchical wraps were effective for reducing biofilm formation of World Health Organization-designated priority pathogens Gram positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 87 and 84%, respectively. In addition, these surfaces remain free of bacteria after being touched by a contaminated surface with Gram negative E. coli. We showed that these properties are the result of broad liquid repellency of the engineered surfaces and the presence of reduced anchor points for bacterial adhesion on the hierarchical structure. Such wraps are fabricated using scalable bottom-up techniques and form an effective cover on a variety of complex objects, making them superior to top-down and substrate-specific surface modification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Imani
- McMaster University , School of Biomedical Engineering , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Roderick Maclachlan
- McMaster University , Department of Engineering Physics , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Kenneth Rachwalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
| | - Yuting Chan
- McMaster University , Department of Engineering Physics , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Bryan Lee
- McMaster University , School of Biomedical Engineering , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Mark McInnes
- OptiSolve ® , Peterborough , ON K9J 6 × 6 , Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- McMaster University , School of Biomedical Engineering , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- McMaster University , School of Biomedical Engineering , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- McMaster University , School of Biomedical Engineering , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
- McMaster University , Department of Engineering Physics , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , L8S 4L7 , Canada
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D'Elia A, Deering J, Clifford A, Lee BEJ, Grandfield K, Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of polymethylmethacrylate and composites for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 188:110763. [PMID: 31896518 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the deposition of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA-alumina films for biomedical implant applications. The proposed biomimetic approach was based on the use of a bile salt, sodium cholate (NaCh), which served as a multifunctional solubilizing, charging, dispersing and film-forming agent. Investigations revealed PMMA-Ch- and PMMA-alumina interactions, which facilitated the deposition of PMMA and PMMA-alumina films. This approach allows for the use of a non-toxic water-ethanol solvent for PMMA. The proposed deposition strategy can also be used for co-deposition of PMMA with other functional materials. The PMMA and composite films were tested for biomedical implant applications. The PMMA-alumina films showed statistically improved metabolic results compared to both the bare stainless steel substrate and pure PMMA films. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity affirmed the bioactivity and osteoconductive potential of PMMA and composite films. PMMA-alumina films showed greater ALP activity than both the PMMA-coated and uncoated stainless steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - J Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - A Clifford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - B E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - K Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - I Zhitomirsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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33
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Lee BEJ, Shahin‐Shamsabadi A, Wong MK, Raha S, Selvaganapathy PR, Grandfield K. A Bioprinted In Vitro Model for Osteoblast to Osteocyte Transformation by Changing Mechanical Properties of the ECM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900126. [PMID: 32648722 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. J. Lee
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Alireza Shahin‐Shamsabadi
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Michael K. Wong
- Graduate Program of Medical ScienceMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4K1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Graduate Program of Medical ScienceMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4K1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4K1 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Material Science and EngineeringMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L7 Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Binkley DM, Lee BEJ, Saem S, Moran-Mirabal J, Grandfield K. Fabrication of polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibers doped with silver nanoparticles formed by air plasma treatment. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:215101. [PMID: 30716725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Implanted devices are prone to bacterial infections, which can result in implant loosening and device failure. Mitigating these infections is important to both implant stability and patient health. The development of antibacterial implant coatings can decrease the presence of bacterial colonies, reducing the risk for bacterial-dependent implant failure. Here, we show that electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers doped with silver nanoparticles (NPs) from a silver nitrate precursor have the potential to decrease the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae while supporting osteoblast attachment and proliferation. An air plasma reduction method of PCL electrospun fibers was used to prepare fibers doped with silver NPs. Fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for qualitative evaluation of NP distribution and quantitative analysis of fiber diameters. Antibacterial testing against S. pneumoniae was performed with successful inhibition observed after 24 h of exposure. In vitro testing was completed using Saos-2 cells and suggests that the negative surface charge has the potential to increase mammalian cell viability even in the presence of fibers containing NPs. In conclusion, this study describes a novel method to produce bioresorbable implant coatings with the ability to reduce bacterial infections surrounding the implant surface while remaining biocompatible to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota M Binkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Osorio DA, Lee BEJ, Kwiecien JM, Wang X, Shahid I, Hurley AL, Cranston ED, Grandfield K. Cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal aerogels as viable bone tissue scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:152-165. [PMID: 30710708 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels possess many properties beneficial for bone tissue scaffolding applications. CNCs were extracted using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, to produce CNCs with sulfate and phosphate half-ester surface groups, respectively. Hydrazone cross-linked aerogels fabricated from the two types of CNCs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption isotherms, and compression testing. CNC aerogels were evaluatedin vitrowith osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and showed an increase in cell metabolism up to 7 days while alkaline phosphatase assays revealed that cells maintained their phenotype. All aerogels demonstrated hydroxyapatite growth over 14 days while submerged in simulated body fluid solution with a 0.1 M CaCl2 pre-treatment. Sulfated CNC aerogels slightly outperformed phosphated CNC aerogels in terms of compressive strength and long-term stability in liquid environments, and were implanted into the calvarian bone of adult male Long Evans rats. Compared to controls at 3 and 12 week time points, sulfated CNC aerogels showed increased bone volume fraction of 33% and 50%, respectively, compared to controls, and evidence of osteoconductivity. These results demonstrate that cross-linked CNC aerogels are flexible, porous and effectively facilitate bone growth after they are implanted in bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to the potential complications associated with autografts, there is a need for synthetic bone tissue scaffolds. Here, we report a new naturally-based aerogel material for bone regeneration made solely from chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). These highly porous CNC aerogels were shown to promote the proliferation of bone-like cells and support the growth of hydroxyapatite on their surface in vitro. The first in vivo study on these materials was conducted in rats and showed their osteconductive properties and an increase in bone volume up to 50% compared to sham sites. This study demonstrates the potential of using functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as the basis for aerogel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Osorio
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Bryan E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, Lublin, Poland
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Iflah Shahid
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ariana L Hurley
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
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Finamore TA, Curtis TE, Tedesco JV, Grandfield K, Roeder RK. Nondestructive, longitudinal measurement of collagen scaffold degradation using computed tomography and gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2019; 11:4345-4354. [PMID: 30793721 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials, such as collagen scaffolds, are used extensively in clinical medicine for tissue regeneration and/or as an implantable drug delivery vehicle. However, available methods to study biomaterial degradation are typically invasive, destructive, and/or non-volumetric. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate a new method for nondestructive, longitudinal, and volumetric measurement of collagen scaffold degradation. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were covalently conjugated to collagen fibrils during scaffold preparation to enable contrast-enhanced imaging of collagen scaffolds. The X-ray attenuation of as-prepared scaffolds increased linearly with increased Au NP concentration such that ≥60 mM Au NPs provided sufficient contrast to measure scaffold degradation. Collagen scaffold degradation kinetics were measured to increase during in vitro enzymatic degradation in media with an increased concentration of collagenase. The scaffold degradation kinetics measured by micro-CT exhibited lower variability compared with gravimetric measurement and were validated by measurement of the release of Au NPs from the same samples by optical spectroscopy. Thus, Au NPs and CT synergistically enabled nondestructive, longitudinal, and volumetric measurement of collagen scaffold degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Finamore
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA..
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Grandfield K, Vuong V, Schwarcz HP. Ultrastructure of Bone: Hierarchical Features from Nanometer to Micrometer Scale Revealed in Focused Ion Beam Sections in the TEM. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:606-616. [PMID: 30008091 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of bone has been widely debated, in part due to limitations in visualizing nanostructural features over relevant micrometer length scales. Here, we employ the high resolving power and compositional contrast of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) to investigate new features in human bone with nanometer resolution over microscale areas. Using focused ion beam (FIB)-milled sections that span an area of 50 μm2, we have shown how most of the mineral of cortical human osteonal bone occurs in the form of long, thin polycrystalline plates (mineral lamellae, MLs) which are either flat or curved to wrap closely around collagen fibrils. Close to the collagen fibril (< 20 nm), the radius of curvature matches that of the fibril diameter, while at greater distances, MLs form arcs with much larger radii of curvature. In addition, stacks of closely packed planar (uncurved) MLs occur between fibrils. The curving of mineral lamellae both around and between the fibrils would contribute to the strength of bone. At a larger scale, rosette-like clusters of fibrils are noted for the first time, arranged in quasi-circular arrays that define tube-like structures in alternating osteonal lamellae. At the boundary between adjacent osteonal lamellae, the orientation of fibrils and surrounding mineral lamellae changes abruptly, resembling the "orthogonal" patterns identified by others (Reznikov et al. in Acta Biomater 10:3815-3826, 2014). These features spanning nanometer to micrometer scale have implications for our understanding of bone structure and mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, ETB 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Vicky Vuong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, ETB 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Henry P Schwarcz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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Wang X, Yang J, Andrei CM, Soleymani L, Grandfield K. Biomineralization of calcium phosphate revealed by in situ liquid-phase electron microscopy. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Tedesco J, Lee BEJ, Lin AYW, Binkley DM, Delaney KH, Kwiecien JM, Grandfield K. Osseointegration of a 3D Printed Stemmed Titanium Dental Implant: A Pilot Study. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:5920714. [PMID: 29527226 PMCID: PMC5733992 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5920714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, a 3D printed Grade V titanium dental implant with a novel dual-stemmed design was investigated for its biocompatibility in vivo. Both dual-stemmed (n = 12) and conventional stainless steel conical (n = 4) implants were inserted into the tibial metaphysis of New Zealand white rabbits for 3 and 12 weeks and then retrieved with the surrounding bone, fixed, dehydrated, and embedded into epoxy resin. The implants were analyzed using correlative histology, microcomputed tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The histological presence of multinucleated osteoclasts and cuboidal osteoblasts revealed active bone remodeling in the stemmed implant starting at 3 weeks and by 12 weeks in the conventional implant. Bone-implant contact values indicated that the stemmed implants supported bone growth along the implant from the coronal crest at both 3- and 12-week time periods and showed bone growth into microporosities of the 3D printed surface after 12 weeks. In some cases, new bone formation was noted in between the stems of the device. Conventional implants showed mechanical interlocking but did have indications of stress cracking and bone debris. This study demonstrates the comparable biocompatibility of these 3D printed stemmed implants in rabbits up to 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Tedesco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan E. J. Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Y. W. Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Dakota M. Binkley
- School of Integrated Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen H. Delaney
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The success of osseointegrated biomaterials often depends on the functional interface between the implant and mineralized bone tissue. Several parallels between natural and synthetic interfaces exist on various length scales from the microscale toward the cellular and the atomic scale structure. Interest lies in the development of more sophisticated methods to probe these hierarchical levels in tissues at both biomaterials interfaces and natural tissue interphases. This review will highlight new and emerging perspectives toward understanding mineralized tissues, particularly bone tissue, and interfaces between bone and engineered biomaterials at multilength scales and with multidimensionality. Emphasis will be placed on highlighting novel and correlative X-ray, ion, and electron beam imaging approaches, such as electron tomography, atom probe tomography, and in situ microscopies, as well as spectroscopic and mechanical characterizations. These less conventional approaches to imaging biomaterials are contributing to the evolution of the understanding of the structure and organization in bone and bone integrating materials.
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Shah FA, Lee BEJ, Tedesco J, Larsson Wexell C, Persson C, Thomsen P, Grandfield K, Palmquist A. Micrometer-Sized Magnesium Whitlockite Crystals in Micropetrosis of Bisphosphonate-Exposed Human Alveolar Bone. Nano Lett 2017; 17:6210-6216. [PMID: 28892393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes are contained within spaces called lacunae and play a central role in bone remodelling. Administered frequently to prevent osteoporotic fractures, antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates suppress osteocyte apoptosis and may be localized within osteocyte lacunae. Bisphosphonates also reduce osteoclast viability and thereby hinder the repair of damaged tissue. Osteocyte lacunae contribute to toughening mechanisms. Following osteocyte apoptosis, the lacunar space undergoes mineralization, termed "micropetrosis". Hypermineralized lacunae are believed to increase bone fragility. Using nanoanalytical electron microscopy with complementary spectroscopic and crystallographic experiments, postapoptotic mineralization of osteocyte lacunae in bisphosphonate-exposed human bone was investigated. We report an unprecedented presence of ∼80 nm to ∼3 μm wide, distinctly faceted, magnesium whitlockite [Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12] crystals and consequently altered local nanomechanical properties. These findings have broad implications on the role of therapeutic agents in driving biomineralization and shed new insights into a possible relationship between bisphosphonate exposure, availability of intracellular magnesium, and pathological calcification inside lacunae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Bryan E J Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James Tedesco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Cecilia Larsson Wexell
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Södra Älvsborg Hospital , SE-501 82 Borås, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Skjöldebrand C, Schmidt S, Vuong V, Pettersson M, Grandfield K, Högberg H, Engqvist H, Persson C. Influence of Substrate Heating and Nitrogen Flow on the Composition, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of SiN x Coatings Aimed for Joint Replacements. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E173. [PMID: 28772532 PMCID: PMC5459168 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiNx) coatings are promising for joint replacement applications due to their high wear resistance and biocompatibility. For such coatings, a higher nitrogen content, obtained through an increased nitrogen gas supply, has been found to be beneficial in terms of a decreased dissolution rate of the coatings. The substrate temperature has also been found to affect the composition as well as the microstructure of similar coatings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the substrate temperature and nitrogen flow on the coating composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. SiNx coatings were deposited onto CoCrMo discs using reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering. During deposition, the substrate temperatures were set to 200 °C, 350 °C or 430 °C, with nitrogen-to-argon flow ratios of 0.06, 0.17 or 0.30. Scanning and transmission electron spectroscopy revealed that the coatings were homogenous and amorphous. The coatings displayed a nitrogen content of 23-48 at.% (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The surface roughness was similar to uncoated CoCrMo (p = 0.25) (vertical scanning interferometry). The hardness and Young's modulus, as determined from nanoindentation, scaled with the nitrogen content of the coatings, with the hardness ranging from 12 ± 1 GPa to 26 ± 2 GPa and the Young's moduli ranging from 173 ± 8 GPa to 293 ± 18 GPa, when the nitrogen content increased from 23% to 48%. The low surface roughness and high nano-hardness are promising for applications exposed to wear, such as joint implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Skjöldebrand
- Materials in Medicine group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden.
| | - Susann Schmidt
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Vicky Vuong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Materials in Medicine group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden.
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Hans Högberg
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Materials in Medicine group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Materials in Medicine group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden.
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Abstract
Human bone is a complex hierarchical material. Understanding bone structure and its corresponding composition at the nanometer scale is critical for elucidating mechanisms of biomineralization under healthy and pathological states. However, the three-dimensional structure and chemical nature of bone remains largely unexplored at the nanometer scale due to the challenges associated with characterizing both the structural and chemical integrity of bone simultaneously. Here, we use correlative transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for the first time, to our knowledge, to reveal structures in human bone at the atomic level. This approach provides an overlaying chemical map of the organic and inorganic constituents of bone on its structure. This first use of atom probe tomography on human bone reveals local gradients, trace element detection of Mg, and the co-localization of Na with the inorganic-organic interface of bone mineral and collagen fibrils, suggesting the important role of Na-rich organics in the structural connection between mineral and collagen. Our findings provide the first insights into the hierarchical organization and chemical heterogeneity in human bone in three-dimensions at its smallest length scale – the atomic level. We demonstrate that atom probe tomography shows potential for new insights in biomineralization research on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Langelier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
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Wang X, Shah FA, Palmquist A, Grandfield K. 3D Characterization of Human Nano-osseointegration by On-Axis Electron Tomography without the Missing Wedge. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:49-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department
of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL
VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department
of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL
VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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45
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Abstract
Calcium phospate crystals with a thin nacreous structure were synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Science
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada
| | - Shun Yu
- Polymeric materials & Wallenberg wood science center
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Science
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Science
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Shah FA, Wang X, Thomsen P, Grandfield K, Palmquist A. High-Resolution Visualization of the Osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular Network Juxtaposed to the Surface of Nanotextured Titanium Implants in Human. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:305-313. [DOI: 10.1021/ab500127y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
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47
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Grandfield K, Chattah NLT, Djomehri S, Eidelmann N, Eichmiller FC, Webb S, Schuck PJ, Nweeia M, Ho SP. The narwhal (Monodon monoceros) cementum-dentin junction: a functionally graded biointerphase. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 228:754-67. [PMID: 25205746 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914547553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In nature, an interface between dissimilar tissues is often bridged by a graded zone, and provides functional properties at a whole organ level. A perfect example is a "biological interphase" between stratified cementum and dentin of a narwhal tooth. This study highlights the graded structural, mechanical, and chemical natural characteristics of a biological interphase known as the cementum-dentin junction layer and their effect in resisting mechanical loads. From a structural perspective, light and electron microscopy techniques illustrated the layer as a wide 1000-2000 μm graded zone consisting of higher density continuous collagen fiber bundles from the surface of cementum to dentin, that parallels hygroscopic 50-100 μm wide collagenous region in human teeth. The role of collagen fibers was evident under compression testing during which the layer deformed more compared to cementum and dentin. This behavior is reflected through site-specific nanoindentation indicating a lower elastic modulus of 2.2 ± 0.5 GPa for collagen fiber bundle compared to 3 ± 0.4 GPa for mineralized regions in the layer. Similarly, microindentation technique illustrated lower hardness values of 0.36 ± 0.05 GPa, 0.33 ± 0.03 GPa, and 0.3 ± 0.07 GPa for cementum, dentin, and cementum-dentin layer, respectively. Biochemical analyses including Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron-source microprobe X-ray fluorescence demonstrated a graded composition across the interface, including a decrease in mineral-to-matrix and phosphate-to-carbonate ratios, as well as the presence of tidemark-like bands with Zn. Understanding the structure-function relationships of wider tissue interfaces can provide insights into natural tissue and organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grandfield
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Netta Lev-Tov Chattah
- Division of Identification and Forensic Sciences, Israel National Police, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sabra Djomehri
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Eidelmann
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Samuel Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Materials Science Division, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin Nweeia
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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48
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Abstract
Translucent nano-ceramics fabricated by a simple filtration method followed by a regular sintering process. The key factors are the morphology of nanoparticles and pressure of filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Cai
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
| | - Song Chen
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
| | - Wei Xia
- Applied Materials Science
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
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Dendooven J, Devloo-Casier K, Ide M, Grandfield K, Kurttepeli M, Ludwig KF, Bals S, Van Der Voort P, Detavernier C. Atomic layer deposition-based tuning of the pore size in mesoporous thin films studied by in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. Nanoscale 2014; 6:14991-14998. [PMID: 25363826 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05049e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) enables the conformal coating of porous materials, making the technique suitable for pore size tuning at the atomic level, e.g., for applications in catalysis, gas separation and sensing. It is, however, not straightforward to obtain information about the conformality of ALD coatings deposited in pores with diameters in the low mesoporous regime (<10 nm). In this work, it is demonstrated that in situ synchrotron based grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) can provide valuable information on the change in density and internal surface area during ALD of TiO(2) in a porous titania film with small mesopores (3-8 nm). The results are shown to be in good agreement with in situ X-ray fluorescence data representing the evolution of the amount of Ti atoms deposited in the porous film. Analysis of both datasets indicates that the minimum pore diameter that can be achieved by ALD is determined by the size of the Ti-precursor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Grandfield K, Palmquist A, Engqvist H, Thomsen P. Resolving the CaP-bone interface: a review of discoveries with light and electron microscopy. Biomatter 2014; 2:15-23. [PMID: 23507782 DOI: 10.4161/biom.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that the interfacial relationship between synthetic materials and tissue is influential in the success of implant materials. Instability at the implant interface has been shown, in some cases, to lead to complete implant failure. Bioceramics, and in particular calcium phosphates, form a large fraction of the implantable devices on the market today due to the biocompatibility they exhibit in contact with bone and tooth-like tissues. The characterization of such bioceramic-tissue interfaces has played a crucial role in understanding the behavior of bioceramics in vivo. In this review, we shed light on the preparation methods, technological approaches and key advances in resolving the interface between calcium phosphate bioceramics and bone, and share a future outlook on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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