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Sumner G, Keller S, Huleatt J, Staack RF, Wagner L, Azadeh M, Bandukwala A, Cao L, Du X, Salinas GF, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hopper S, Irwin C, Ji Q, Joseph J, King L, Kinhikar A, Lu Y, Luo R, Mabrouk O, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McGuire K, Mikol V, Neely R, Qiu X, Saito Y, Salaun B, Scully I, Smeraglia J, Solstad T, Stoop J, Tang H, Teixeira P, Wang Y, Wright M, Mendez L, Beaver C, Eacret J, Au-Yeung A, Decman V, Dessy F, Eck S, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Grugan K, Hedrick MN, Kar S, Sehra S, Stevens E, Stevens C, Sun Y, McCush F, Williams L, Fischer S, Wu B, Jordan G, Burns C, Cludts I, Coble K, Grimaldi C, Henderson N, Joyce A, Lotz G, Lu Y, Luo L, Neff F, Sperinde G, Stubenrauch KG, Wang Y, Ware M, Xu W. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Enzyme Assay Validation, BAV for Primary End Points, Vaccine Functional Assays, Cytometry in Tissue, LBA in Rare Matrices, Complex NAb Assays, Spectral Cytometry, Endogenous Analytes, Extracellular Vesicles Part 2 - Recommendations on Biomarkers/CDx, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding Assays Development & Validation; Emerging Technologies; Critical Reagents Deep Characterization. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:861-903. [PMID: 37584363 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ji
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Priscila Teixeira
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Yixin Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil Henderson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gregor Lotz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Neff
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
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Kavita U, Sun K, Braun M, Lembke W, Mody H, Kamerud J, Yang TY, Braun IV, Fang X, Gao W, Gupta S, Hofer M, Liao MZ, Loo L, McBlane F, Menochet K, Stubenrauch KG, Upreti VV, Vigil A, Wiethoff CM, Xia CQ, Zhu X, Jawa V, Chemuturi N. PK/PD and Bioanalytical Considerations of AAV-Based Gene Therapies: an IQ Consortium Industry Position Paper. AAPS J 2023; 25:78. [PMID: 37523051 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest and efforts to use recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as gene therapy delivery tools to treat disease have grown exponentially. However, gaps in understanding of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and disposition of this modality exist. This position paper comes from the Novel Modalities Working Group (WG), part of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ). The pan-industry WG effort focuses on the nonclinical PK and clinical pharmacology aspects of AAV gene therapy and related bioanalytical considerations.Traditional PK concepts are generally not applicable to AAV-based therapies due to the inherent complexity of a transgene-carrying viral vector, and the multiple steps and analytes involved in cell transduction and transgene-derived protein expression. Therefore, we explain PK concepts of biodistribution of AAV-based therapies and place key terminologies related to drug exposure and PD in the proper context. Factors affecting biodistribution are presented in detail, and guidelines are provided to design nonclinical studies to enable a stage-gated progression to Phase 1 testing. The nonclinical and clinical utility of transgene DNA, mRNA, and protein analytes are discussed with bioanalytical strategies to measure these analytes. The pros and cons of qPCR vs. ddPCR technologies for DNA/RNA measurement and qualitative vs. quantitative methods for transgene-derived protein are also presented. Last, best practices and recommendations for use of clinical and nonclinical data to project human dose and response are discussed. Together, the manuscript provides a holistic framework to discuss evolving concepts of PK/PD modeling, bioanalytical technologies, and clinical dose selection in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Kavita
- Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Kefeng Sun
- Takeda Development Center Americas Inc., 125 Binney St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA.
| | - Manuela Braun
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, 13342, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wibke Lembke
- Integrated Biologix GmbH, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hardik Mody
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tong-Yuan Yang
- Janssen R&D LLC., Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | | | - Xiaodong Fang
- Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc., Research Triangle, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821, USA
| | - Swati Gupta
- AbbVie, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, California, 92612, USA
| | - Magdalena Hofer
- Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | | | - LiNa Loo
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, 02210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Vigil
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877, USA
| | | | - Cindy Q Xia
- ReNAgade Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Xu Zhu
- AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02451, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey, 08648, USA
| | - Nagendra Chemuturi
- Takeda Development Center Americas Inc., 125 Binney St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
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Wessels U, Zadak M, Weidmann AM, Stuchly T, Stubenrauch KG. Preclinical Observations of Systemic and Ocular Antidrug Antibody Response to Intravitreally Administered Drugs. AAPS J 2022; 25:2. [PMID: 36414857 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravitreally administered biotherapeutics can elicit local and systemic immune responses with potentially serious clinical consequences. However, little is known about the mechanisms of ocular antidrug immune response, the incidence of ocular antidrug antibodies (ADAs), and the relationship between ocular and systemic ADA levels. Bioanalytical limitations and poor availability of ocular matrices make studies of ocular immunogenicity particularly challenging. We have recently reported a novel bioanalytical ADA assay and shown its applicability for the ADA detection in ocular matrices. In the present study, we used this assay to analyze a large set of preclinical samples from minipig and cynomolgus monkeys treated with different ocular biotherapeutics. We found a significant association between the incidence of ADAs in plasma and ocular fluids after a single intravitreal administration of the drugs. Importantly, none of the animals with ADA-negative results in plasma had detectable ADAs in ocular fluids and systemic ADA response always preceded the appearance of ocular ADAs. Overall, our results suggest the systemic origin of ocular ADAs and support the use of plasma as a surrogate matrix for the detection of ocular ADA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wessels
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Zadak
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anja Manuela Weidmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stuchly
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
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Yang TY, Braun M, Lembke W, McBlane F, Kamerud J, DeWall S, Tarcsa E, Fang X, Hofer L, Kavita U, Upreti VV, Gupta S, Loo L, Johnson AJ, Chandode RK, Stubenrauch KG, Vinzing M, Xia CQ, Jawa V. Immunogenicity assessment of AAV-based gene therapies: An IQ consortium industry white paper. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:471-494. [PMID: 36092368 PMCID: PMC9418752 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenicity has imposed a challenge to efficacy and safety evaluation of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-based gene therapies. Mild to severe adverse events observed in clinical development have been implicated with host immune responses against AAV gene therapies, resulting in comprehensive evaluation of immunogenicity during nonclinical and clinical studies mandated by health authorities. Immunogenicity of AAV gene therapies is complex due to the number of risk factors associated with product components and pre-existing immunity in human subjects. Different clinical mitigation strategies have been employed to alleviate treatment-induced or -boosted immunogenicity in order to achieve desired efficacy, reduce toxicity, or treat more patients who are seropositive to AAV vectors. In this review, the immunogenicity risk assessment, manifestation of immunogenicity and its impact in nonclinical and clinical studies, and various clinical mitigation strategies are summarized. Last, we present bioanalytical strategies, methodologies, and assay validation applied to appropriately monitor immunogenicity in AAV gene therapy-treated subjects.
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Stock S, Benmebarek MR, Kluever AK, Darowski D, Jost C, Stubenrauch KG, Benz J, Freimoser-Grundschober A, Moessner E, Umana P, Subklewe M, Endres S, Klein C, Kobold S. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells engineered to recognize the P329G-mutated Fc part of effector-silenced tumor antigen-targeting human IgG1 antibodies enable modular targeting of solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005054. [PMID: 35902133 PMCID: PMC9341194 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has proven its clinical utility in hematological malignancies. Optimization is still required for its application in solid tumors. Here, the lack of cancer-specific structures along with tumor heterogeneity represent a critical barrier to safety and efficacy. Modular CAR T cells indirectly binding the tumor antigen through CAR-adaptor molecules have the potential to reduce adverse events and to overcome antigen heterogeneity. We hypothesized that a platform utilizing unique traits of clinical grade antibodies for selective CAR targeting would come with significant advantages. Thus, we developed a P329G-directed CAR targeting the P329G mutation in the Fc part of tumor-targeting human antibodies containing P329G L234A/L235A (LALA) mutations for Fc silencing. METHODS A single chain variable fragment-based second generation P329G-targeting CAR was retrovirally transduced into primary human T cells. These CAR T cells were combined with IgG1 antibodies carrying P329G LALA mutations in their Fc part targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesothelin (MSLN) or HER2/neu. Mesothelioma, pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines expressing the respective antigens were used as target cell lines. Efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in xenograft mouse models. RESULTS Unlike CD16-CAR T cells, which bind human IgG in a non-selective manner, P329G-targeting CAR T cells revealed specific effector functions only when combined with antibodies carrying P329G LALA mutations in their Fc part. P329G-targeting CAR T cells cannot be activated by an excess of human IgG. P329G-directed CAR T cells combined with a MSLN-targeting P329G-mutated antibody mediated pronounced in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy in mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer models. Combined with a HER2-targeting antibody, P329G-targeting CAR T cells showed substantial in vitro activation, proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxicity against HER2-expressing breast cancer cell lines and induced complete tumor eradication in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model. The ability of the platform to target multiple antigens sequentially was shown in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS P329G-targeting CAR T cells combined with antigen-binding human IgG1 antibodies containing the P329G Fc mutation mediate pronounced in vitro and in vivo effector functions in different solid tumor models, warranting further clinical translation of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Stock
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany .,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna-Kristina Kluever
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Darowski
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Christian Jost
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Athebio AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Joerg Benz
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ekkehard Moessner
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
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6
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Dickopf S, Buldun C, Vasic V, Georges G, Hage C, Mayer K, Forster M, Wessels U, Stubenrauch KG, Benz J, Ehler A, Lauer ME, Ringler P, Kobold S, Endres S, Klein C, Brinkmann U. Prodrug-Activating Chain Exchange (PACE) converts targeted prodrug derivatives to functional bi- or multispecific antibodies. Biol Chem 2022; 403:495-508. [PMID: 35073465 PMCID: PMC9125802 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the potential to broaden the target space of conventional monospecific antibodies, the field of multi-specific antibody derivatives is growing rapidly. The production and screening of these artificial proteins entails a high combinatorial complexity. Antibody-domain exchange was previously shown to be a versatile strategy to produce bispecific antibodies in a robust and efficient manner. Here, we show that the domain exchange reaction to generate hybrid antibodies also functions under physiological conditions. Accordingly, we modified the exchange partners for use in therapeutic applications, in which two inactive prodrugs convert into a product with additional functionalities. We exemplarily show the feasibility for generating active T cell bispecific antibodies from two inactive prodrugs, which per se do not activate T cells alone. The two complementary prodrugs harbor antigen-targeting Fabs and non-functional anti-CD3 Fvs fused to IgG-CH3 domains engineered to drive chain-exchange reactions between them. Importantly, Prodrug-Activating Chain Exchange (PACE) could be an attractive option to conditionally activate therapeutics at the target site. Several examples are provided that demonstrate the efficacy of PACE as a new principle of cancer immunotherapy in vitro and in a human xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dickopf
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Can Buldun
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Vedran Vasic
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Guy Georges
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Carina Hage
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Forster
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Uwe Wessels
- Pharmaceutical Sciences (PS), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Pharmaceutical Sciences (PS), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Jörg Benz
- Small Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ehler
- Small Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Lauer
- Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics , Biozentrum University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) , Partner Site Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV , University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) , Partner Site Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) , Penzberg , Germany
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7
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Bray-French K, Hartman K, Steiner G, Marban-Doran C, Bessa J, Campbell N, Martin-Facklam M, Stubenrauch KG, Solier C, Singer T, Ducret A. Managing the Impact of Immunogenicity in an Era of Immunotherapy: From Bench to Bedside. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2575-2584. [PMID: 33812888 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics have revolutionized our ability to treat life-threatening diseases. Despite clinical success, the use of biotherapeutics has sometimes been limited by the immune response mounted against them in the form of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). The multifactorial nature of immunogenicity has prevented a standardized approach for assessing this and each of the assessment methods developed so far does not exhibit high enough reliability to be used alone, due to limited predictiveness. This prompted the Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) Immunogenicity Working Group to establish an internal preclinical immunogenicity toolbox of in vitro/in vivo approaches and accompanying guidelines for a harmonized assessment and management of immunogenicity in early development. In this article, the complex factors influencing immunogenicity and their associated clinical ramifications are discussed to highlight the importance of an end-to-end approach conducted from lead optimization to clinical candidate selection. We then examine the impact of the resulting lead candidate categorization on the design and implementation of a multi-tiered ADA/immunogenicity assay strategy prior to phase I (entry into human) through early clinical development. Ultimately, the Immunogenicity Toolbox ensures that Roche pRED teams are equipped to address immunogenicity in a standardized manner, paving the way for lifesaving products with improved safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Bray-French
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Hartman
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Steiner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Marban-Doran
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Bessa
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Campbell
- Global Product Strategy, Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meret Martin-Facklam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Solier
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Ducret
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Junker F, Gulati P, Wessels U, Seeber S, Stubenrauch KG, Codarri-Deak L, Markert C, Klein C, Camillo Teixeira P, Kao H. A human receptor occupancy assay to measure anti-PD-1 binding in patients with prior anti-PD-1. Cytometry A 2021; 99:832-843. [PMID: 33704890 PMCID: PMC8451911 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor occupancy (RO) assessment by flow cytometry is an important pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker in the clinical development of large molecules such as monoclonal therapeutic antibodies (mAbs). The total‐drug‐bound RO assay format directly assesses mAb binding to cell surface targets using anti‐drug detection antibodies. Here, we generated a flow cytometry detection antibody specifically binding to mAbs of the IgG1 P329GLALA backbone. Using this reagent, we developed a total‐drug‐bound RO assay format for RG7769, a bi‐specific P329GLALA containing mAb targeting PD‐1 and TIM3 on T cells. In its fit‐for‐purpose validated version, this RO assay has been used in the Phase‐I dose escalation study of RG7769, informing on peripheral T cell RO and RG7769 antibody binding capacity (ABC). We assessed RG7769 RO in checkpoint‐inhibitor (CPI) naïve patients and anti‐PD‐1 CPI experienced patients using our novel assay. Here, we show that in both groups, complete T cell RO can be achieved (~100%). However, we found that the maximum number of T cell binding sites for RG7769 pre‐dosing was roughly twofold lower in patients recently having undergone anti‐PD‐1 treatment. We show that this is due to steric hindrance exerted by competing mAbs masking the available drug binding sites. Our findings highlight the importance of quantitative mAb assessment in addition to relative RO especially in the context of patients who have previously received anti‐PD‐1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Junker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pratiksha Gulati
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Wessels
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Seeber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laura Codarri-Deak
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Priscila Camillo Teixeira
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henry Kao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Early Biomarker Development Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Geiger M, Stubenrauch KG, Sam J, Richter WF, Jordan G, Eckmann J, Hage C, Nicolini V, Freimoser-Grundschober A, Ritter M, Lauer ME, Stahlberg H, Ringler P, Patel J, Sullivan E, Grau-Richards S, Endres S, Kobold S, Umaña P, Brünker P, Klein C. Protease-activation using anti-idiotypic masks enables tumor specificity of a folate receptor 1-T cell bispecific antibody. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3196. [PMID: 32581215 PMCID: PMC7314773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) crosslink tumor and T-cells to induce tumor cell killing. While TCBs are very potent, on-target off-tumor toxicity remains a challenge when selecting targets. Here, we describe a protease-activated anti-folate receptor 1 TCB (Prot-FOLR1-TCB) equipped with an anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 mask connected to the anti-CD3 Fab through a tumor protease-cleavable linker. The potency of this Prot- FOLR1-TCB is recovered following protease-cleavage of the linker releasing the anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 scFv. In vivo, the Prot-FOLR1-TCB mediates antitumor efficacy comparable to the parental FOLR1-TCB whereas a noncleavable control Prot-FOLR1-TCB is inactive. In contrast, killing of bronchial epithelial and renal cortical cells with low FOLR1 expression is prevented compared to the parental FOLR1-TCB. The findings are confirmed for mesothelin as alternative tumor antigen. Thus, masking the anti-CD3 Fab fragment with an anti-idiotypic mask and cleavage of the mask by tumor-specific proteases can be applied to enhance specificity and safety of TCBs.
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Grants
- SK is supported by grants from the Wilhelm Sander Stiftung (grant number 2014.018.1 to SE and SK), the international doctoral program “i-Target: Immunotargeting of cancer” funded by the Elite Network of Bavaria (to SK and SE), the Melanoma Research Alliance (grant number N269626 to SE and 409510 to SK), the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie “Training Network for the Immunotherapy of Cancer (IMMUTRAIN)” funded by the H2020 program of the European Union (to SE and SK), by LMU Munich‘s Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative (to SE and SK), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (project Oncoattract to SE and SK).
- SK and SE are supported by grants from the Wilhelm Sander Stiftung (grant number 2014.018.1 to SE and SK), the international doctoral program “i-Target: Immunotargeting of cancer” funded by the Elite Network of Bavaria (to SK and SE), the Melanoma Research Alliance (grant number N269626 to SE and 409510 to SK), the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie “Training Network for the Immunotherapy of Cancer (IMMUTRAIN)” funded by the H2020 program of the European Union (to SE and SK), the Else Kröner- Fresenius-Stiftung (to SK), the German Cancer Aid (to SK), the Ernst-Jung-Stiftung (to SK), by LMU Munich‘s Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative (to SE and SK), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (project Oncoattract to SE and SK), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the José-Carreras Leukämie Stiftung, the Hector-Foundation (all to SK) and the European Research Council (ERC, grant 756017, ARMOR-T to SK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Geiger
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 2a, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82372, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang F Richter
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82372, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82372, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carina Hage
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82372, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anne Freimoser-Grundschober
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Ritter
- Roche Diagnostics, CPS Research and Development, Nonnenwald 2, 82372, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Matthias E Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jigar Patel
- Roche Sequencing, NimbleGen, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Nimble Therapeutics Inc., 500S Rosa Rd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Eric Sullivan
- Roche Sequencing, NimbleGen, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Nimble Therapeutics Inc., 500S Rosa Rd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Sandra Grau-Richards
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 2a, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 2a, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Peter Brünker
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Dengl S, Hoffmann E, Grote M, Wagner C, Mundigl O, Georges G, Thorey I, Stubenrauch KG, Bujotzek A, Josel HP, Dziadek S, Benz J, Brinkmann U. Hapten-directed spontaneous disulfide shuffling: a universal technology for site-directed covalent coupling of payloads to antibodies. FASEB J 2015; 29:1763-79. [PMID: 25670234 PMCID: PMC4415024 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-263665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Humanized hapten-binding IgGs were designed with an accessible cysteine close to their binding pockets, for specific covalent payload attachment. Individual analyses of known structures of digoxigenin (Dig)- and fluorescein (Fluo) binding antibodies and a new structure of a biotin (Biot)-binder, revealed a “universal” coupling position (52+2) in proximity to binding pockets but without contributing to hapten interactions. Payloads that carry a free thiol are positioned on the antibody and covalently linked to it via disulfides. Covalent coupling is achieved and driven toward complete (95–100%) payload occupancy by spontaneous redox shuffling between antibody and payload. Attachment at the universal position works with different haptens, antibodies, and payloads. Examples are the haptens Fluo, Dig, and Biot combined with various fluorescent or peptidic payloads. Disulfide-bonded covalent antibody-payload complexes do not dissociate in vitro and in vivo. Coupling requires the designed cysteine and matching payload thiol because payload or antibody without the Cys/thiol are not linked (<5% nonspecific coupling). Hapten-mediated positioning is necessary as hapten-thiol-payload is only coupled to antibodies that bind matching haptens. Covalent complexes are more stable in vivo than noncovalent counterparts because digoxigeninylated or biotinylated fluorescent payloads without disulfide-linkage are cleared more rapidly in mice (approximately 50% reduced 48 hour serum levels) compared with their covalently linked counterparts. The coupling technology is applicable to many haptens and hapten binding antibodies (confirmed by automated analyses of the structures of 140 additional hapten binding antibodies) and can be applied to modulate the pharmacokinetics of small compounds or peptides. It is also suitable to link payloads in a reduction-releasable manner to tumor- or tissue-targeting delivery vehicles.—Dengl, S., Hoffmann, E., Grote, M., Wagner, C., Mundigl, O., Georges, G., Thorey, I., Stubenrauch, K.-G., Bujotzek, A., Josel, H.-P., Dziadek, S., Benz, J., Brinkmann, U. Hapten-directed spontaneous disulfide shuffling: a universal technology for site-directed covalent coupling of payloads to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dengl
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eike Hoffmann
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grote
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Wagner
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Mundigl
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guy Georges
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Thorey
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bujotzek
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Josel
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Dziadek
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Benz
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- *Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany; and Roche Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Thomas M, Scheuer W, Regula JT, Bähner M, Schanzer JM, Croasdale R, Gassner C, Georges G, Kettenberger H, Dürr H, Imhof-Jung S, Schwaiger M, Stubenrauch KG, Weidner MK, Schäfer W, Klein C. Abstract 3285: Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab, a novel bispecific human IgG1 antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 function mediates potent anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic efficacy. Tumour Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Dobosz M, Strobel S, Stubenrauch KG, Osl F, Scheuer W. Noninvasive measurement of pharmacokinetics by near-infrared fluorescence imaging in the eye of mice. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:16022. [PMID: 24474508 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For generating preclinical pharmacokinetics (PKs) of compounds, blood is drawn at different time points and levels are quantified by different analytical methods. In order to receive statistically meaningful data, 3 to 5 animals are used for each time point to get serum peak-level and half-life of the compound. Both characteristics are determined by data interpolation, which may influence the accuracy of these values. We provide a method that allows continuous monitoring of blood levels noninvasively by measuring the fluorescence intensity of labeled compounds in the eye and other body regions of anesthetized mice. PROCEDURES The method evaluation was performed with four different fluorescent compounds: (i) indocyanine green, a nontargeting dye; (ii) OsteoSense750, a bone targeting agent; (iii) tumor targeting Trastuzumab-Alexa750; and (iv) its F(ab')2-alxea750 fragment. The latter was used for a direct comparison between fluorescence imaging and classical blood analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found an excellent correlation between blood levels measured by noninvasive eye imaging with the results generated by classical methods. A strong correlation between eye imaging and ELISA was demonstrated for the F(ab')2 fragment. Whole body imaging revealed a compound accumulation in the expected regions (e.g., liver, bone). CONCLUSIONS The combination of eye and whole body fluorescence imaging enables the simultaneous measurement of blood PKs and biodistribution of fluorescent-labeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobosz
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Strobel
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franz Osl
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
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13
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Kienast Y, Klein C, Scheuer W, Raemsch R, Lorenzon E, Bernicke D, Herting F, Yu S, The HH, Martarello L, Gassner C, Stubenrauch KG, Munro K, Augustin HG, Thomas M. Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a Novel Bispecific Human IgG1 Antibody Blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 Functions Simultaneously, Mediates Potent Antitumor, Antiangiogenic, and Antimetastatic Efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6730-40. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Thomas M, Kienast Y, Scheuer W, Lorenzon E, Herting F, Odin M, Schaefer W, Regula JT, Stubenrauch KG, Klein C. Abstract 2319: Dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF via a novel human bispecific bivalent IgG1 CrossMAb shows potent anti-angiogenic, antitumoral, and antimetastatic efficacy and leads to a reduced side effect profile compared to single therapies. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
VEGF-A blockade has been extensively clinically validated as a treatment for human cancers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of blood vessel remodeling, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. In tumors, Ang-2 is up-regulated and associated with poor prognosis. Recent data demonstrated that Ang-2 inhibitors, both as single agents or in combination with chemo- or anti-VEGF therapy, mediate anti-tumor effects. Additionally, it has been shown that the Ang-2/-1/Tie and the VEGF/VEGFR systems act in complementary ways suggesting that dual targeting may be more effective than targeting each pathway alone. Based on bevacizumab and the Ang-2 selective antibody LC06 we have generated a novel human bispecific bivalent IgG1 CrossMab antibody blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 function simultaneously. Here we show in multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic in vivo models including models (semi-) resistant to anti-VEGF treatment that the systemic application of the Ang-2-VEGF CrossMAb effectively reduces angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a highly selective anti-Ang-2 approach has safety related advantages in this model over an unselective treatment with an antibody targeting Ang-1 and Ang-2 simultaneously. Whereas anti-Ang-1/Ang-2 long-term treatment resulted in regression of healthy vessels in the mouse trachea, an anti-Ang-2 selective treatment did not affect the physiological vessels in the trachea of the mice at all. These results imply a clear differentiation between selective Ang-2 and unselective Ang-1/Ang-2 inhibition. Although anti-tumoral efficacy is retained selective Ang-2 inhibition did not lead to a further impairment of healthy vessels compared to anti-VEGF-A treatment only. Finally, we demonstrate a clear disadvantage of Ang-2 monotherapy compared to Ang-2-VEGF dual inhibition due to strong up-regulation of VEGF resulting not only in revascularization and tumor growth, but also in toxicity with macroscopic evidence of histopathological subcapsular peliosis-like changes in the liver. These pathological effects were inhibited by dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF-A. Taken together, our data indicate that Ang-2 and VEGF-A exhibit angiogenic synergy in a mutually compensatory fashion and that their inhibition via the novel Ang-2-VEGF CrossMab mediates potent anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic efficacy. Additionally the CrossMAb is expected to exhibtit a better side effect profile compared to the respective monotherapies and thereby represents a promising therapeutic agent for the therapy of cancer. These data support the investigation of the Ang-2-VEGF CrossMAb in PhI clinical trials scheduled for 2012.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2319. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2319
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Ji C, Kopetzki E, Jekle A, Stubenrauch KG, Liu X, Zhang J, Rao E, Schlothauer T, Fischer S, Cammack N, Heilek G, Ries S, Sankuratri S. CD4-anchoring HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor with Enhanced Potency and in Vivo Stability. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:5175-85. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808745200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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