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Fakhar-E-Alam M, Akram MW, Iqbal S, Alimgeer KS, Atif M, Sultana K, Willander M, Wang ZM. Retraction Note: Empirical Modeling of Physiochemical Immune Response of Multilayer Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials under UV Exposure to Melanoma and Foreskin Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12912. [PMID: 37558777 PMCID: PMC10412606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department of Physics, GC University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics, GC University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Sultana
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - M Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
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Akram MW, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Butt AR, Asghar A, Jamil Y, Alimgeer KS, Wang ZM. Retraction Note: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12913. [PMID: 37558745 PMCID: PMC10412612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ali Asghar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Jamil
- Laser Spectroscopy Lab., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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Munir T, Mahmood A, Shafiq F, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Atif M, Raza A, Ahmad S, Saleem Alimgeer K, Abbas N. Experimental and theoretical analyses of nano-silver for antibacterial activity based on differential crystal growth temperatures. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7561-7566. [PMID: 34867060 PMCID: PMC8626323 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials can be achieved through various physical and chemical processes, which ultimately affect subsequent properties. In this study, the antibacterial potential of nano-silver was investigated at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/L, and its differential temperature synthesis was achieved at 20, 50, and 70 °C using the solvent evaporation method. Nano-silver particles exhibited FCC (octahedral) crystalline structure with crystallite sizes ranging between 28 and 39 nm calculated using XRD analysis. Moreover, irregular and non-uniform surface morphology was evident from SEM micrographs. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of nano-silver exhibited wave maxima at 433 nm, while the FTIR analysis depicted different modes of vibration indicating the CH, OH, C≡C, C-Cl, and CH2 functional groups attached to the surface. Lastly, nano-silver caused prominent inhibition (12.5 mm) in the Escherichia coli growth, particularly at 70 °C synthesis temperature and 3.0 g/L dose. It is concluded that both the nano-silver crystal growth temperature and dose contributed substantially to bacterial growth inhibition linked with subsequent size, shape-dependent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Munir
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Mahmood
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Saleem Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Javeed S, Anjum S, Alimgeer KS, Atif M, Khan MS, Farooq WA, Hanif A, Ahmad H, Yao SW. A novel mathematical model for COVID-19 with remedial strategies. Results Phys 2021; 27:104248. [PMID: 33996398 PMCID: PMC8106240 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak from Wuhan, Hubei province in China and spread out all over the World. In this work, a new mathematical model is proposed. The model consists the system of ODEs. The developed model describes the transmission pathways by employing non constant transmission rates with respect to the conditions of environment and epidemiology. There are many mathematical models purposed by many scientists. In this model, "α E " and "α I ", transmission coefficients of the exposed cases to susceptible and infectious cases to susceptible respectively, are included. " δ " as a governmental action and restriction against the spread of coronavirus is also introduced. The RK method of order four (RK4) is employed to solve the model equations. The results are presented for four countries i.e., Pakistan, Italy, Japan, and Spain etc. The parametric study is also performed to validate the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Javeed
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Subtain Anjum
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Saleem Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shaukat Khan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - W Aslam Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
| | - Shao-Wen Yao
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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Anwar F, Saleem Alimgeer K, Kumar R, Somrongthong R. Comparing Log-based and Exponent-based Functions to Predict Human Height by Foot Length. IJMTFM 2021. [DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i2.30902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human height estimation is critical in medicolegal cases. This anthropometric measurement not only reveals racial differences but also aids police investigation to narrow down. Foot size varies in different races and ethnic groups, because of genetic influence on development height. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between foot size and the height of a person in a particular context. The current research also compared log-based function and exponent-based function to explore which best fits the relation between age, foot size, and height. Methods: This cross-sectional study included foot measurements from 240 participants of 6 different age groups in the age range of 2-21 years. Foot length and height were recorded as per standard methods after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of COMSATs University Islamabad Pakistan and gaining consent from the study participants. Correlation and regression analyses were performed using SPSS V 23. In this study, two mathematical functions of log-based and exponent-based were compared to more accurately predict the behavior of two variables. The appropriateness of these candidate functions was evaluated using statistical parameters, including the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), R2, adjusted R2, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results: The mean height of male participants of the age group of 3-5 years was higher than that of the female participants. Among 6-10-year-olds and 11-15-year-olds, female participants presented a greater height than males. In the age groups of 16-20 and ≥21 years, males were taller than females. The average foot size of males and females of all age groups was 22.09 cm and 20.44 cm, respectively. The exponent-based candidate functions best fitted the relationship between age, foot size, and height, compared to the log-based candidate function. Conclusion: Foot size indicated the highest correlation with height and minimum standard error in the estimation of stature. Therefore, foot size provided the highest reliability and accuracy in estimating height.
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Iqbal S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Alimgeer KS, Atif M, Hanif A, Yaqub N, Farooq WA, Ahmad S, Chu YM, Suleman Rana M, Fatehmulla A, Ahmad H. Mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in conjunction with photo thermal therapy and PEG-coated Au-doped TiO 2 nanostructures to target MCF-7 cancerous cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1226-1232. [PMID: 33613051 PMCID: PMC7878829 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some nanoscale morphologies of titanium oxide nanostructures blend with gold nanoparticles and act as satellites and targeted weapon methodologies in biomedical applications. Simultaneously, titanium oxide can play an important role when combined with gold after blending with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Our experimental approach is novel with respect to the plasmonic role of metal nanoparticles as an efficient PDT drug. The current experimental strategy floats the comprehensive and facile way of experimental strategy on the critical influence that titanium with gold nanoparticles used as novel photosensitizing agents after significant biodistribution of proposed nanostructures toward targeted site. In addition, different morphologies of PEG-coated Au-doped titanium nanostructures were shown to provide various therapeutic effects due to a wide range of electromagnetic field development. This confirms a significantly amplified population of hot electron generation adjacent to the interface between Au and TiO2 nanostructures, leading to maximum cancerous cell injury in the MCF-7 cell line. The experimental results were confirmed by applying a least squares fit math model which verified our results with 99% goodness of fit. These results can pave the way for comprehensive rational designs for satisfactory response of performance phototherapeutic model mechanisms along with new horizons of photothermal therapy (HET) and photodynamic therapy (HET) operating under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics Govt. College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics Govt. College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad campus, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesah Yaqub
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - W A Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changasha, University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | | | - Amanullah Fatehmulla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.,Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
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Atif M, Iqbal S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Mansoor Q, Alimgeer KS, Fatehmulla A, Hanif A, Yaqub N, Farooq WA, Ahmad S, Ahmad H, Chu YM. Manganese-doped cerium oxide nanocomposite as a therapeutic agent for MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1233-1238. [PMID: 33613052 PMCID: PMC7878823 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of a manganese-doped cerium oxide (Mn:CeO2) nanocomposite via hydrothermal route is described. Cubic fluorite structure of single phase was exhibited by studying structural analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscope. Surface analytic technique of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was conducted to analyze the relative amount of any impurity and doping. Structural changes due to manganese doping such as increment in production of vacancies of oxygen within crystal of cerium oxide, and reduction in size of crystallite and constant of lattice was observed in our research study. Moreover, the Mn:CeO2 nanocomposite demonstrates differential cytotoxicity against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line, which renders it a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy. The anti-tumorous activity of the cerium oxide nanocomposite was significantly enhanced with doping of manganese, which is directly linked with the generation of highly reactive oxygen facets. The experimental results are supported by a mathematical model that confirms a confidence level of 95%. This research has paved the way for many utilities in therapeutics and magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics through new observations, and hence verified their math model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics, GC University, Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - M Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, GC University, Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad campus, Pakistan
| | - Amanullah Fatehmulla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesah Yaqub
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - W A Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.,Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changasha, University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Atif M, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Masilamani V, Saleem MNA, AlShebly M, Farhat K, Hussain I, Alimgeer KS. An experimental and algorithm-based study of the spectral features of breast cancer patients by a photodiagnosis approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101851. [PMID: 32497774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the spectral diagnosis of blood plasma samples of breast cancer patients and an equal number of normal controls was investigated. A set of ratio parameters was acquired by employing SXS and FES. The samples were also analyzed statistically by employing Welch two-sample t-tests, and the effects of three ratio parameters, R1, R2, and R3, were also studied by plotting them against the subject numbers. A linear discriminant was also applied to verify the exact classification of normal control and breast cancer patients. It was observed that the levels of biofluorophores such as porphyrin, NADH, tryptophan and flavins were elevated 2- to 3-fold for breast cancer patients compared to normal controls, with an accuracy of approximately 100 %. We have also confirmed the validity of the obtained experimental results by using an advanced robust diagnostic algorithm. The experimental results of the current study may have a vital and substantial impact on the detection and screening protocols used for future breast cancer patients. The spectral analysis of body fluid could be of great value to add to and enhance the current procedures with an accuracy of approximately 100 % with limited number of samples. The results and objectives of this preliminary study were encouraging and useful for the discrimination of the features of breast cancer patients compared to those of normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - V Masilamani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashael AlShebly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Farhat
- Department of Urology, Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijaz Hussain
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islambad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
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Akram MW, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Butt AR, Asghar A, Jamil Y, Alimgeer KS, Wang ZM. In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4576. [PMID: 29545644 PMCID: PMC5854676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MgO is an attractive choice for carcinogenic cell destruction in photodynamic therapy, as confirmed by manifold analysis. The prime focus of the presented research is to investigate the toxicity caused by morphologically different MgO nanostructures obtained by annealing at various annealing temperatures. Smart (stimuli-responsive) MgO nanomaterials are a very promising class of nanomaterials, and their properties can be controlled by altering their size, morphology, or other relevant characteristics. The samples investigated here were grown by the co-precipitation technique. Toxicity-dependent parameters were assessed in a HeLa cell model after annealing the grown samples at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. After the overall characterization, an analysis of toxicity caused by changes in the MgO nanostructure morphology was tested in a HeLa cell model using a neutral red assay and microscopy. The feasibility of using MgO for PDT was assessed. Empirical modelling was applied to corroborate the experimental results obtained from assessing cell viability losses and reactive oxygen species. The results indicate that MgO is an excellent candidate material for medical applications and could be utilized for its potential ability to upgrade conventionally used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Department of Physics, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ali Asghar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Jamil
- Laser Spectroscopy Lab., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
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Javeed S, Alimgeer KS, Javed W, Atif M, Uddin M. A modified artificial neural network based prediction technique for tropospheric radio refractivity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192069. [PMID: 29494609 PMCID: PMC5832215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radio refractivity plays a significant role in the development and design of radio systems for attaining the best level of performance. Refractivity in the troposphere is one of the features affecting electromagnetic waves, and hence the communication system interrupts. In this work, a modified artificial neural network (ANN) based model is applied to predict the refractivity. The suggested ANN model comprises three modules: the data preparation module, the feature selection module, and the forecast module. The first module applies pre-processing to make the data compatible for the feature selection module. The second module discards irrelevant and redundant data from the input set. The third module uses ANN for prediction. The ANN model applies a sigmoid activation function and a multi-variate auto regressive model to update the weights during the training process. In this work, the refractivity is predicted and estimated based on ten years (2002–2011) of meteorological data, such as the temperature, pressure, and humidity, obtained from the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), Islamabad. The refractivity is estimated using the method suggested by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The refractivity is predicted for the year 2012 using the database of the previous ten years, with the help of ANN. The ANN model is implemented in MATLAB. Next, the estimated and predicted refractivity levels are validated against each other. The predicted and actual values (PMD data) of the atmospheric parameters agree with each other well, and demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed ANN method. It was further found that all parameters have a strong relationship with refractivity, in particular the temperature and humidity. The refractivity values are higher during the rainy season owing to a strong association with the relative humidity. Therefore, it is important to properly cater the signal communication system during hot and humid weather. Based on the results, the proposed ANN method can be used to develop a refractivity database, which is highly important in a radio communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Javeed
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Saleem Alimgeer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wajahat Javed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mueen Uddin
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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