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Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Ramanaiah I, Raj A, Naveen P, Shyamprasad K. A standardized extract of Echinacea purpurea containing higher chicoric acid content enhances immune function in murine macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. Pharm Biol 2023; 61:1211-1221. [PMID: 37585723 PMCID: PMC10416741 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Preparations of Echinacea have been used by herbalists to boost the immune system. OBJECTIVE In this study, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae) extract with enriched chicoric acid content was investigated for immunomodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The standardized hydroalcoholic extract (4% chicoric acid) was prepared from the aerial parts of E. purpurea (SEP). The extract was screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, and immunomodulation in RAW 264.7 cells, at 200 and 400 µg/mL. Further, the male BALB/c mice (20-25 g) were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). All the groups except control, were intraperitoneally injected with 70 mg/kg/day of cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 4 consecutive days. The treatment groups received SEP extract (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) p.o. from day 5 to 14. RESULTS The SEP extract inhibited DPPH (IC50 = 106.7 µg/mL), ABTS+ (IC50 = 19.88 µg/mL) and nitric oxide (IC50 = 120.1 µg/mL). The SEP extract's ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value was 1931.63 µM TE/g. In RAW 264.7 cells, SEP extract increased the nitric oxide production by 30.76- and 39.07-fold at 200 and 400 µg/mL, respectively, compared to the untreated cells. SEP extract significantly increased phagocytosis and cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the cells. Further, the extract improved immune organ indices, lymphocyte proliferation and serum cytokine levels in CTX-induced mice. The extract at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the natural killer cell activity (24.6%) and phagocytic index (28.03%) of CTX mice. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support SEP extract with 4% chicoric acid as a functional ingredient for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Illuri Ramanaiah
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Amritha Raj
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Sudeep HV, Rashmi S, Jestin TV, Richards A, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. Oral and Topical Administration of a Standardized Saw Palmetto Oil Reduces Hair Fall and Improves the Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia Subjects - A 16-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3251-3266. [PMID: 38021422 PMCID: PMC10648974 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s435795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in humans, affecting self-esteem and emotional well-being. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of VISPOTM, a standardized saw palmetto oil (2-3% β-sitosterol), in subjects with mild-to-moderate AGA. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-arm clinical study, 80 healthy male and female subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to receive either 400 mg capsules of VISPO or 5 mL of a topical formulation containing 20% VISPO or the respective placebo once daily for 16 weeks. The primary endpoints included hair count (hair comb and hair pull tests) and the self-assessment of perceived efficacy. Objective evaluation was performed using the global photographic assessment score. Hair density, thickness, and anagen/telogen ratio were evaluated using phototrichogram analysis. Results At the end of the study, oral and topical formulations of VISPO reduced hair fall by up to 29% (p<0.001) and 22.19% (p<0.01) from the baseline, respectively. Hair density increased by 5.17% and 7.61% in the oral and topical VISPO groups, respectively (p<0.001). In addition, oral ingestion of VISPO resulted in a marked reduction in serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in the subjects compared to placebo (p<0.001). However, the effect of the VISPO formulations on the anagen/telogen ratio was insignificant. No serious adverse effects were observed during the study. Conclusion VISPO formulations reduced hair fall and promoted hair regrowth and scalp appearance in AGA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sriram Rashmi
- BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas V Jestin
- Department of Clinical Research, Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Private Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kuluvar Gouthamchandra
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kodimule Shyamprasad
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Venkatakrishna K, Sundeep K, Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. ViphyllinTM, a Standardized Black Pepper Seed Extract Exerts Antinociceptive Effects in Murine Pain Models via Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor CB2, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha and TRPV1 Ion Channels. J Pain Res 2022; 15:355-366. [PMID: 35153513 PMCID: PMC8827412 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s351513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuppam Sundeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep, Tel +91 80-42094158, Email
| | | | - Kodimule Shyamprasad
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, 560 105, Karnataka, India
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Sudeep HV, Venkatakrishna K, Amritharaj, Gouthamchandra K, Reethi B, Naveen P, Lingaraju HB, Shyamprasad K. A standardized black pepper seed extract containing β-caryophyllene improves cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia model mice via regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and MAPK proteins. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13994. [PMID: 34778972 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene present in plants, is a selective agonist of cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2) of the endocannabinoid system. In this study, we have prepared an extract from Piper nigrum (black pepper) seeds using supercritical fluid extraction, standardized to contain 30% BCP (ViphyllinTM ). The beneficial effects of prophylactic treatment with Viphyllin on cognitive functions were demonstrated in Scopolamine-induced dementia model mice. Male Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) were administered with Viphyllin (50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight p.o.) or donepezil (1.60 mg/kg) for 14 days. Subsequently, cognitive deficits were induced by treating the animals intraperitoneally with Scopolamine (0.75 mg/kg). The cognitive behavior of mice was evaluated using a novel object recognition test (NORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. The brain homogenates were studied for biochemical parameters including cholinesterase activities and antioxidant status. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of action. Viphyllin dose dependently improved the recognition and spatial memory and cholinergic functions in Scop-treated mice. The extract was found protective against Scop-induced oxidative damage and histopathologic changes in the brain. At 100 mg/kg Viphyllin markedly reduced the proBDNF/mBDNF ratio (p < .05) and augmented the TrkB expression (p < .01). Viphyllin (100 mg/kg) was found to be neuroprotective by reducing the Scop-induced upregulation of p-JNK and p-p38 MAPK proteins, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase activation in the brain. Viphyllin also exerted anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating Cox-2, TNF-α, and NOS-2 in Scop-induced mice (p < .05). To summarize, our data encourage Viphyllin as a functional ingredient/dietary supplement for brain health and cognition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black pepper is a culinary spice having several medicinal attributes. Essential oils in the seeds of the plant give aroma and flavor to it. Here we have prepared an extract from the seeds of black pepper using supercritical fluid extraction, characterized for the presence of β-caryophyllene (not <30%). This research work further validates the neuroprotective mechanism of the extract in Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model mice. The findings from this study strongly suggest the beneficial neuroactive properties of black pepper seed extract having the presence of BCP, a CB2 receptor agonist. It can thus be used potentially as a functional food ingredient for cognition and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Sudeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - K Venkatakrishna
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Amritharaj
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - K Gouthamchandra
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - B Reethi
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - P Naveen
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - H B Lingaraju
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - K Shyamprasad
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Sudeep HV, Ramanaiah I, Amritha R, Naveen P, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. A Standardized Aframomum melegueta Seed Extract Regulates Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet Model Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211033744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis-mediated energy expenditure is a promising strategy to combat obesity. Aframomum melegueta commonly known as grains of paradise (GP) is a popular spice with medicinal attributes in promoting health. We have demonstrated the thermogenic effects of a standardized A melegueta seed extract (AMSE) containing not <10% 6-paradol in high fat diet-fed (HFD) mice. The 6-week oral ingestion of 20 and 40 mg/kg AMSE significantly limited the weight gain, improved the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in HFD mice. Interestingly, AMSE markedly induced the beige adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). AMSE treatment led to the upregulation of marker proteins i.e., uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in eWAT and BAT. Our findings add to the current understanding of the thermogenic potentials of GP seed extract and report that the extract can stimulate the browning of WATs in addition to enhanced BAT activity. AMSE requires clinical validation to be explored as a dietary supplement/functional ingredient with thermogenic effect in food and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Illuri Ramanaiah
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Karnataka, India
| | - Raj Amritha
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Karnataka, India
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Gouthamchandra K, Sudeep HV, Chandrappa S, Raj A, Naveen P, Shyamaprasad K. Efficacy of a Standardized Turmeric Extract Comprised of 70% Bisdemothoxy-Curcumin (REVERC3) Against LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:859-868. [PMID: 33737826 PMCID: PMC7966389 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s291293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well known that regular turmeric extract with 95% curcuminoid is comprised of curcumin (70.07%), desmethoxycurcumin (20.28%), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) (3.63%). In the current study for the first time, we have enriched about 3% of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) to 70% as well as named it as REVERC3 and compared anti-inflammatory activity with regular turmeric extract using in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation. Methods To reveal the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, we investigated nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, further determined the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and major inflammatory mediators like cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in RAW macrophage cells. In the other hand, a carrageenan-stimulated inflammatory rat model was carried out. Results Our study findings exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity of REVERC3 together with nitric oxide (NO), xanthine oxidase, and lipoxygenase inhibition. Further, we attenuated the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) expressions in the LPS-elicited RAW macrophage cells. REVERC3 showed a potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting carrageenan induced paw edema after 4 hr at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Conclusion Thus, our findings collectively indicated that the REVERC3 could efficiently inhibit inflammation compared to regular turmeric extract. Since bisdemethoxycurcumin is a stable molecule it could be effectively used in the applications of health care and the nutraceutical industry, indeed which deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuluvar Gouthamchandra
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Siddappa Chandrappa
- Department of Phytochemistry, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Amrith Raj
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Puttaswamy Naveen
- Department of Analytical Development Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Kodimule Shyamaprasad
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560105, India
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Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Ramanaiah I, Raj A, Shyamprasad K. An edible bioactive fraction from Rosa multiflora regulates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced C57Bl/6 mice models of obesity. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_175_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Bioinformation 2020; 16:411-417. [PMID: 32831523 PMCID: PMC7434955 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and development of an effective compound to combat COVID-19 is clearly critical in the current circumstances. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking
analysis data of the cellular receptor Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) with Withaferin A from Withania somnifera in the context of COVID-19 pandemic for further consideration.
Here, we report the optimal interaction features of withaferin A, artemisinin, curcumin and andrographolide with the GRP78 receptor having low binding energies (-8.7, -7.89, -6.21 and
-6.17 kcal/mol respectively) in this report. In order to gain additional insights, the interaction pattern of compounds with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Sudeep
- R and D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, #14A, Jigani I phase, Bangalore- 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - K Gouthamchandra
- R and D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, #14A, Jigani I phase, Bangalore- 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - K Shyamprasad
- R and D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, #14A, Jigani I phase, Bangalore- 560 105, Karnataka, India
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Gouthamchandra K, Sudeep HV, Amritharaj, Lingaraju HB, Prasad KS. SUNCA standardized extract from Helianthus annus L exerts enhanced digestive enzyme activity and subsides obesity through inhibition of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ expression both in in vitro and in vivo model. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_204_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sudeep HV, Gouthamchandra K, Venkatesh BJ, Prasad KS. Viwithan, a Standardized Withania somnifera Root Extract Induces Apoptosis in Murine Melanoma Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 13:S801-S806. [PMID: 29491636 PMCID: PMC5822503 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_121_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Withania somnifera is an Indian medicinal herb known for the multipotential ability to cure various therapeutic ailments as described in the ayurvedic system of medicine. Objective: In the present study, we have evaluated the antiproliferative activity of a standardized W. somnifera root extract (Viwithan) against different human and murine cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of Viwithan was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue assay and crystal violet staining. The apoptotic changes in B16F1 cells following treatment with Viwithan were observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The binding affinity of withanolides in Viwithan with antiapoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2, B-cell lymphoma-extra large, and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) were studied using in silico approach. Results: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Viwithan against liver hepatocellular carcinoma, Henrietta Lacks cervical carcinoma cells, human colorectal carcinoma cell line, and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were 1830, 968, 2715, and 633 μg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, Viwithan was highly effective against B16F1 cells with an IC50 value of 220 μg/ml after 24 h treatment. The morphological alterations of apoptotic cell death were clearly observed in the AO/EB-stained cells after treatment with Viwithan. Viwithan induced late apoptotic changes in treated B16F1 cells as evident by the ladder formation of fragmented DNA in a time-dependent manner. The findings of molecular docking showed that withanolides present in Viwithan have a more binding affinity with the antiapoptotic proteins, particularly MCL-1. Conclusion: We have reported for the first time that Viwithan with 5% withanolides has a potent cytotoxic effect, particularly against B16F1 murine melanoma cells among the different cancer cell lines tested. SUMMARY The present study reports for the first time that Viwithan, a standardized 5% Withania somnifera root extract, has potent cytotoxicity against B16F1 murine melanoma cells We have investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of Viwithan in different human and murine cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that Viwithan was particularly very effective against B16F1 melanoma cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 220 μg/ml The microscopic observations following acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and DNA fragmentation assays clearly indicated that Viwithan might initiate late apoptosis in B16F1 cells The binding affinity of withanolides in Viwithan with antiapoptotic proteins of B-cell lymphoma 2 family was predicted using AutoDock tool. The results from in silico studies indicated a plausible synergistic effect of withanolides attributing to the Viwithan-induced apoptosis through suppression of intrinsic pathway for carcinogenesis.
Abbreviations used: MTT: Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; DMEM: Dulbecco's minimum essential medium; NCCS: National Centre for Cell Science; PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; HepG2: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; HeLa: Henrietta Lacks cervical carcinoma cells; HCT-116: Human colorectal carcinoma cell line; EAC: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells; IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration; AO/EB: Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide; BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BCL-XL: B-cell lymphoma-extra large; MCL-1: Myeloid cell leukemia 1; PDB: Protein Data Bank; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Sudeep
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Gouthamchandra
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B J Venkatesh
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Shyam Prasad
- Department of Biomedicinal Research, R&D Centre for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gouthamchandra K, Sudeep H, Venkatesh B, Shyam Prasad K. Chlorogenic acid complex (CGA7), standardized extract from green coffee beans exerts anticancer effects against cultured human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Food Science and Human Wellness 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Das S, Mullick R, Kumar A, Tandon H, Bose M, Gouthamchandra K, Chandra M, Ravishankar B, Khaja MN, Srinivasan N, Das S, Melkote Subbarao S, Karande AA. Identification of a novel epitope in the C terminus of hepatitis C virus-E2 protein that induces potent and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:962-976. [PMID: 28221101 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic viral hepatitis, but an effective vaccine is still not available to prevent infection. Use of neutralizing antibodies could be a potential therapeutic option. In this study, the presence of anti-HCV antibodies in HCV-infected patients was assessed from 50 patients and the presence of neutralizing antibodies was examined using 'hepatitis C virus-like particles'. Antibodies from two samples exhibited significant inhibitory activity, suggesting that these may neutralize viral infection. Antigenic determinants generating the neutralizing antibodies from these two samples were delineated by epitope mapping using the core, E1 and E2 regions and a stretch of 45 amino acid peptide (E2C45) derived from the C-terminal region of HCV-E2 protein (aa 634-679) was designed. Results suggest that this hitherto uncharacterized region has the potential to generate neutralizing antibodies against HCV and thus be effective in preventing virus entry into liver cells. Computational analysis of the structure of the modelled peptide (E2C45) suggested high conformational entropy for this region. Furthermore, E2C45 peptide-generated antibodies could block virus entry and monoclonal antibodies generated against this peptide could also significantly reduce virus replication in a cell culture system. It is possible that the inhibition could be partly due to a conformational alteration of the CD81-binding region, preventing virus attachment to liver cells. In conclusion, this work focused on the discovery of a novel epitope at the C terminus of E2 that induces potent neutralizing antibodies in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ranajoy Mullick
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Himani Tandon
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Mihika Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - K Gouthamchandra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Madhavi Chandra
- Bioviz Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sagar Society, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | | | - M N Khaja
- Bioviz Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sagar Society, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | | | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Shaila Melkote Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anjali Anoop Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Gouthamchandra K, Kumar A, Shwetha S, Mukherjee A, Chandra M, Ravishankar B, Khaja MN, Sadhukhan PC, Das S. Serum proteomics of hepatitis C virus infection reveals retinol-binding protein 4 as a novel regulator. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1654-1667. [PMID: 24784414 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are currently diagnosed by invasive liver biopsy. Approximately 15-20 % of cases of chronic liver diseases in India are caused by HCV infection. In North India, genotype 3 is predominant, whereas genotype 1 is predominant in southern parts of India. The aim of this study was to identify differentially regulated serum proteins in HCV-infected Indian patients (genotypes 1 and 3) using a two-dimensional electrophoresis approach. We identified eight differentially expressed proteins by MS. Expression levels of one of the highly upregulated proteins, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), was validated by ELISA and Western blotting in two independent cohorts. We also confirmed our observation in the JFH1 infectious cell culture system. Interestingly, the HCV core protein enhanced RBP4 levels and partial knockdown of RBP4 had a positive impact on HCV replication, suggesting a possible role for this cellular protein in regulating HCV infection. Analysis of RBP4-interacting partners using a bioinformatic approach revealed novel insights into the possible involvement of RBP4 in HCV-induced pathogenesis. Taken together, this study provided information on the proteome profile of the HCV-infected Indian population, and revealed a link between HCV infection, RBP4 and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gouthamchandra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Shivaprasad Shwetha
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anirban Mukherjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, GB-4 (East Wing) 1st Floor, 57, Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Madhavi Chandra
- Bioviz Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sagar Society, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | | | - M N Khaja
- Bioviz Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sagar Society, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Provash Chandra Sadhukhan
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, GB-4 (East Wing) 1st Floor, 57, Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Adhikari A, Kalluraya B, Sujith KV, Gouthamchandra K, Mahmood R. Microwave assisted synthesis of novel thiazolidinone analogues as possible bioactive agents. J Adv Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Adhikari A, Kalluraya B, Sujith KV, Gouthamchandra K, Jairam R, Mahmood R, Sankolli R. Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological study of 4,5-dihydropyrazolines carrying pyrimidine moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:467-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gouthamchandra K, Mahmood R, Manjunatha H. Free radical scavenging, antioxidant enzymes and wound healing activities of leaves extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 30:11-8. [PMID: 21787623 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three successive extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. leaves have been studied for their potential as antioxidants in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model. The scavenging activity of ethanol extract was found to be high when compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Hence, it was selected to evaluate the beneficial properties using in vitro and in vivo models. The antioxidant and its protective effects against CCl(4) induced oxidative stress in rats were significantly high. Further, to validate the traditional therapeutic claim, wound healing activity of the plant extracts was also carried out. Among the three extracts tested the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts exhibited a significant response. The presence of high antioxidant and pharmacological properties correlates to the total phenolic contents in the plant Clerodendrum infortunatum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gouthamchandra
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Naik HRP, Naik HSB, Naik TRR, Naika HR, Gouthamchandra K, Mahmood R, Ahamed BMK. Synthesis of novel benzo[h]quinolines: wound healing, antibacterial, DNA binding and in vitro antioxidant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:981-9. [PMID: 18722035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a new class of 2-mercapto/2-selenobenzo[h]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (3/4). Antibacterial potential of these compounds against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied. The selenium containing compound 4 showed significant inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus (22.76+/-0.14), Bacillus subtilis (20.63+/-0.24), and Streptococcus pyogenes (19.54+/-0.20) over sulfur containing compound 3. To validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the synthetic compounds in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied, besides antioxidant activity to understand the mechanism of wound healing. The interaction behavior of these compounds with DNA was investigated by absorption spectra (obtained K(b) constant for 3 is 2.7x10(5) and for 4 is 3.8x10(6)), viscosity, and thermal denaturation studies. Finally, the results show that the DNA intercalated 3/4 compounds are strong antioxidants; they show significant wound healing activity and protect oxidative DNA damage from harmful free radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halehatty R Prakash Naik
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Bhadravati Taluk 577 451, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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