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Smarra C, Goncharov B, Barausse E, Antoniadis J, Babak S, Nielsen ASB, Bassa CG, Berthereau A, Bonetti M, Bortolas E, Brook PR, Burgay M, Caballero RN, Chalumeau A, Champion DJ, Chanlaridis S, Chen S, Cognard I, Desvignes G, Falxa M, Ferdman RD, Franchini A, Gair JR, Graikou E, Grießmeier JM, Guillemot L, Guo YJ, Hu H, Iraci F, Izquierdo-Villalba D, Jang J, Jawor J, Janssen GH, Jessner A, Karuppusamy R, Keane EF, Keith MJ, Kramer M, Krishnakumar MA, Lackeos K, Lee KJ, Liu K, Liu Y, Lyne AG, McKee JW, Main RA, Mickaliger MB, Niţu IC, Parthasarathy A, Perera BBP, Perrodin D, Petiteau A, Porayko NK, Possenti A, Leclere HQ, Samajdar A, Sanidas SA, Sesana A, Shaifullah G, Speri L, Spiewak R, Stappers BW, Susarla SC, Theureau G, Tiburzi C, van der Wateren E, Vecchio A, Krishnan VV, Wang J, Wang L, Wu Z. Second Data Release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: Challenging the Ultralight Dark Matter Paradigm. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:171001. [PMID: 37955508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulsar Timing Array experiments probe the presence of possible scalar or pseudoscalar ultralight dark matter particles through decade-long timing of an ensemble of galactic millisecond radio pulsars. With the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array, we focus on the most robust scenario, in which dark matter interacts only gravitationally with ordinary baryonic matter. Our results show that ultralight particles with masses 10^{-24.0} eV≲m≲10^{-23.3} eV cannot constitute 100% of the measured local dark matter density, but can have at most local density ρ≲0.3 GeV/cm^{3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Smarra
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Trieste
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris Goncharov
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Enrico Barausse
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Trieste
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Antoniadis
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Babak
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A-S Bak Nielsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C G Bassa
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - A Berthereau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - M Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - E Bortolas
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - P R Brook
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Burgay
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - R N Caballero
- Hellenic Open University, School of Science and Technology, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - A Chalumeau
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D J Champion
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Chanlaridis
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - S Chen
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - I Cognard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - G Desvignes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Falxa
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - R D Ferdman
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Franchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Muühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - E Graikou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J-M Grießmeier
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - L Guillemot
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - Y J Guo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Hu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Iraci
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Universitá di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Fisica, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - D Izquierdo-Villalba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - J Jang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Jawor
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - G H Janssen
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jessner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Karuppusamy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - E F Keane
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - M J Keith
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M A Krishnakumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Lackeos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K J Lee
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - K Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Liu
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - A G Lyne
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J W McKee
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Centre of Excellence for Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Modelling (DAIM), University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - R A Main
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M B Mickaliger
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - I C Niţu
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Parthasarathy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - B B P Perera
- Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612
| | - D Perrodin
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - A Petiteau
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N K Porayko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Possenti
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | | | - A Samajdar
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S A Sanidas
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Sesana
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - G Shaifullah
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - L Speri
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Muühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Spiewak
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B W Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S C Susarla
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe-University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - G Theureau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories LUTh, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - C Tiburzi
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - E van der Wateren
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Vecchio
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Wang
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - L Wang
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Z Wu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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Lee KJ, Chkheidze R, Alrefai H, Margaroli C, Gaggar A, Nguyen T, Anderson JC, Bash R, Miller CR, Willey CD. Spatially Resolved Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Histologically-Characterized Tissue Microarray of Patient-Matched Primary and Recurrent Glioblastomas to Identify Underlying Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e127. [PMID: 37784683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal CNS malignancy. Radiation therapy increases overall survival, but tumors often recur in high-radiation dose regions. Additionally, recent investigations have underscored the importance of intra-tumoral heterogeneity as a driver of GBM biology. The purpose of this investigation is to characterize transcriptome differences in primary and recurrent GBM patient clinical samples using a digital spatial profiling approach to better appreciate treatment resistance mechanisms. MATERIALS/METHODS To address the lack of understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in GBM, patient-matched primary and recurrent GBM pathological specimens were identified within the brain tissue biorepository and tissue cores were selected for generation of a tissue microarray (TMA). Hematoxylin and eosin staining with histomorphological (cellular tumor, pseudopalisading necrosis, invasive edge, and perivascular inflammation) scoring were performed in a blinded fashion for every core. This array was then molecularly characterized using digital spatial profiling of the transcriptome. Quality assurance including filtering of lowly expressed genes followed by downstream analyses of the data were performed using the manufacturer's recommended methods within their Bioconductor library. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was then performed on the ranked gene lists. RESULTS After recommended filtering, 6171 genes and 248 regions of interest remained for downstream analysis representing 22 unique patients across four different tumor histomorphological types. Significance testing revealed 679 genes that were differentially expressed between primary and recurrent tumor samples (at FDR<1%). On GSEA analysis, the chromosomal positional locus that contains genes most strongly up-regulated is 12q14, a locus that was previously identified as genomically amplified in multiple patient-derived xenograft lines after radiation selection. Additionally, recurrent tumors display a transcriptional profile more similar to the mesenchymal subtype, whereas primary tumors have a more classical transcriptional phenotype. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway is particularly strongly up-regulated in recurrent tumors. CONCLUSION Recurrent selection at previously identified genomic loci and molecular pathways underscores a possible conserved set of pathways for treatment resistance. This analysis has yielded a set of gene and molecular pathways that will guide future work in our lab targeting treatment resistance using novel therapeutics and radiation techniques in GBM. Future directions include assessing the feasibility of mapping these clinical samples onto our previously generated panel of comprehensively characterized patient-derived xenograft lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | - T Nguyen
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - J C Anderson
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - R Bash
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - C D Willey
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Radiation Oncology, Birmingham, AL
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Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Sharma S, Jeong ES, Goh SH, Jang YG, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Community-Dwelling Adults of Various Ages: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1241. [PMID: 37371971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a versatile therapeutic agent. H2 gas inhalation is reportedly safe and has a positive impact on a range of illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we investigated the effects of 4 weeks of H2 gas inhalation on community-dwelling adults of various ages. Fifty-four participants, including those who dropped out (5%), were screened and enrolled. The selected participants were treated as a single group without randomization. We evaluated the association between total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and AD risk at individual levels after 4 weeks of H2 gas inhalation treatment. The total and differential WBC counts were not adversely affected after H2 gas inhalation, indicating that it was safe and well tolerated. Investigation of oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide showed that their levels decreased post-treatment. Furthermore, evaluation of dementia-related biomarkers, such as beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), amyloid beta (Aβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), T-tau, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6), showed that their cognitive condition significantly improved after treatment, in most cases. Collectively, our results indicate that H2 gas inhalation may be a good candidate for improving AD with cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling adults of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gyu Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Rahman MH, Jeong ES, You HS, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Redox-Mechanisms of Molecular Hydrogen Promote Healthful Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 37237854 PMCID: PMC10215238 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases represent the largest threat to public health. Aging is a degenerative, systemic, multifactorial and progressive process, coupled with progressive loss of function and eventually leading to high mortality rates. Excessive levels of both pro- and anti-oxidant species qualify as oxidative stress (OS) and result in damage to molecules and cells. OS plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. In fact, damage due to oxidation depends strongly on the inherited or acquired defects of the redox-mediated enzymes. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently been reported to function as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of several oxidative stress and aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cancer and osteoporosis. Additionally, H2 promotes healthy aging, increases the number of good germs in the intestine that produce more intestinal hydrogen and reduces oxidative stress through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on the therapeutic role of H2 in the treatment of neurological diseases. This review manuscript would be useful in knowing the role of H2 in the redox mechanisms for promoting healthful longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Eun-Sook Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Hae Sun You
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
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Jeong YJ, Bajgai J, Kim JK, Ahn DW, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Kim Y, Kim CS, Kim SK, Lee KJ. Positive Impact on Public Perception toward Commune Health Stations (CHSs) in Rural Areas of Tyuen Quang Province, Vietnam, Following the Application of the Development Program for the Capacity-Building of CHSs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:754. [PMID: 36613075 PMCID: PMC9819934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discover whether or not the capacity-building intervention through implementing the "Rural Area Development Program" in Tuyen Quang province, in partnership with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and the Vietnamese Department of Health", would positively affect the perception of the public toward the communal health stations (CHSs). To address this, three specific indicator-related satisfaction levels were examined regarding the infrastructure, the professional skills, and the service attitude of the medical personnel of the three CHSs toward outpatients. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants from three rural CHSs (Binh Yen, Vinh Loi, and Thang Long Communes). As a researcher-directed survey, a structured questionnaire was adopted to gauge the outpatient satisfaction levels in relation to the three indicators from the CHS medical milieu toward the patients and the medical services received. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to determine the perceptions of outpatient satisfaction relating to the three indicators. A higher satisfaction rate was found (overall 89-100% descriptive data with three indicators, as well as significant satisfaction differences in inferential data based on F-ratio and p-value) between the three regions with the three indicators, and two major data showed that the commune with a higher or more significant satisfaction rate or difference was Binh Yan > Vinh Loi > Thang Long. Collectively, this study clearly indicates the positive impact of CHSs capacity-building by implementing the Development Program in Tuyen Quang province with KOICA in relation to the public perception toward CHSs through significantly increased satisfaction levels-specifically, the infrastructure, the professional skills, and the service attitude of the medical milieu from the three CHSs toward outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Ahn
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yundeok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation Research, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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6
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Choi SH, Park SD, Lee MJ, Lee KJ. Comparison of trans-radial access and femoral access in cardiogenic shock patient who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention from SMART RESCUE trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Throughout the years of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the debate regarding access route, whether it being trasns-radial or femoral, is an ongoing agenda yet to be solved. Recent guidelines suggest trans-radial approach as an option to be considered in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, data on cardiogenic shock patients undergoing PCI is relatively sparse.
Purpose
Compare the clinical implication of trans-radial and femoral approach in cardiogenic shock patients who had undergone PCI.
Method
Cardiogenic shock patients who had undergone PCI from January 2014 to December of 2018 were enrolled. Patients were divided according to their access route respectfully. Primary outcome was composite endpoints including all-cause death, re-admission due to heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident.
Result
A total of 694 (572 via femoral approach, 122 via radial approach) cardiogenic shock patients who received PCI were enrolled. Mean age femoral and radial groups was 66.59±12.51 and 66.66±12.8 respectfully. Disease severity was higher for femoral patients compared to radial patients as represented by their LM involvement, mechanical organ support (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and vasoactive inotropic score. Cox regression analysis after adjusting for conventional risk factors showed that femoral route was a poor prognosticator with respect to composite endpoints (HR=2.059, 95% CI 1.249–3.397, p value = 0.005). Radial approach patients had higher survival probability compared to femoral approach patients (Figure 1).
Conclusion
Radial approach in cardiogenic shock patients who are in need for PCI with relatively less severe clinical condition could be a reasonable option for access route.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Inha University Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Choi
- Inha University Hospital, Cardiology , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S D Park
- Inha University Hospital, Cardiology , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M J Lee
- Inha University Hospital, Critical Care Medicine , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K J Lee
- Inha University Hospital, Cardiology , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
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7
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Choi IY, Ju HJ, Lee KJ, Shin HD. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Salvia farinacea in Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1068. [PMID: 34402635 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1427-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Y Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - H J Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - K J Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - H D Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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8
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Fadriquela A, Kim CS, Lee KJ, Kang SH, Lee JH. Characteristics of immune checkpoint regulators and potential role of soluble TIM-3 and LAG-3 in male patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. Alcohol 2022; 98:9-17. [PMID: 34695559 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of immune checkpoint regulators (ICs) in alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALDs) is still largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the levels of 16 soluble ICs (sICs) in male patients with ALD to determine their clinical significance. The 16 sICs were measured using a luminex-based multiplex assay in 115 patients with ALD and 47 healthy controls (HCs). The expressions of membrane-type (m) PD-1 and mCTLA-4 on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells of 28 patients with ALD and 8 HCs were also measured. Correlation test and risk assessment were also conducted to evaluate biomarkers of ALD in clinical practice. Our results show that four sICs were upregulated (sCTLA-4, sTIM-3, sCD27, and sGITR) and two sICs were downregulated (sLAG-3 and sHVEM) in ALD. mPD-1 expression was significantly more greatly increased on CD4+T lymphocytes in the ALD group than in the HC group (p = 0.009). sTIM-3 was positively correlated, while sLAG-3 was negatively correlated with non-invasive liver fibrosis markers (AST/ALT, APRI, GPR, and FIB-4) and Maddrey discriminant function score. Risk factor analysis showed that sTIM-3 was consistently associated with ALD severity in both MDF and FIB-4 scores, and sLAG-3 was associated with FIB-4 scores. This study revealed the involvement of sCTLA-4, sTIM-3, sCD27, sGITRL, sLAG-3, and sHVEM in discriminating male patients with ALD. Expressions of sTIM-3 and sLAG-3 were correlated with liver fibrosis markers and significantly associated with ALD severity, which can be further studied as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Jeong ES, Bajgai J, You IS, Rahman MH, Fadriquela A, Sharma S, Kwon HU, Lee SY, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Trimethyltin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in the C57BL/6 Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413313. [PMID: 34948107 PMCID: PMC8703468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the causative factors in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen (H2) gas inhalation in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction in the C57BL/6 mice. First, mice were divided into the following groups: mice without TMT injection (NC), TMT-only injection group (TMT only), TMT injection + lithium chloride-treated group as a positive control (PC), and TMT injection + 2% H2 inhalation-treated group (H2). The TMT injection groups were administered a single dosage of intraperitoneal TMT injection (2.6 mg/kg body weight) and the H2 group was treated with 2% H2 for 30 min once a day for four weeks. Additionally, a behavioral test was performed with Y-maze to test the cognitive abilities of the mice. Furthermore, multiple OS- and AD-related biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), calcium (Ca2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, inflammatory cytokines, apolipoprotein E (Apo-E), amyloid β (Aβ)-40, phospho-tau (p-tau), Bcl-2, and Bcl-2- associated X (Bax) were investigated in the blood and brain. Our results demonstrated that TMT exposure alters seizure and spatial recognition memory. However, after H2 treatment, memory deficits were ameliorated. H2 treatment also decreased AD-related biomarkers, such as Apo-E, Aβ-40, p-tau, and Bax and OS markers such as ROS, NO, Ca2+, and MDA in both serum and brain. In contrast, catalase and GPx activities were significantly increased in the TMT-only group and decreased after H2 gas treatment in serum and brain. In addition, inflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were found to be significantly decreased after H2 treatment in both serum and brain lysates. In contrast, Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were found to be enhanced after H2 treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that 2% H2 gas inhalation in TMT-treated mice exhibits memory enhancing activity and decreases the AD, OS, and inflammatory-related markers. Therefore, H2 might be a candidate for repairing neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive dysfunction. However, further mechanistic studies are needed to fully clarify the effects of H2 inhalation on TMT-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Jeong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - In-Soo You
- GOOTZ Co., Ltd., 79-6, Yuljeong-ro 247 beon-gil, Yangju-si, Suwon 11457, Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (H.-U.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Hwang-Un Kwon
- GOOTZ Co., Ltd., 79-6, Yuljeong-ro 247 beon-gil, Yangju-si, Suwon 11457, Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (H.-U.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- GOOTZ Co., Ltd., 79-6, Yuljeong-ro 247 beon-gil, Yangju-si, Suwon 11457, Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (H.-U.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (E.-S.J.); (J.B.); (M.H.R.); (S.S.); (C.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(033)-741-331
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10
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Morissette P, Li N, Ballard JE, Vavrek M, Adams GL, Regan C, Regan H, Lee KJ, Wang W, Burton A, Chen F, Gerenser P, Li Y, Kraus RL, Tellers D, Palani A, Zhu Y, Sun C, Bianchi E, Colarusso S, De Simone D, Frattarelli T, Pasquini NM, Amin RP. Guiding Chemically Synthesized Peptide Drug Lead Optimization by Derisking Mast Cell Degranulation-Related Toxicities of a NaV1.7 Peptide Inhibitor. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:170-183. [PMID: 34897513 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that some peptides and small molecules can induce non IgE-mediated anaphylactoid reactions through mast cell activation. Upon activation, mast cells degranulate and release vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators, from cytoplasmic granules into the extracellular environment which can induce a cascade of severe adverse reactions. This study describes a lead optimization strategy to select NaV1.7 inhibitor peptides that minimize acute mast cell degranulation (MCD) toxicities. Various in vitro, in vivo, and PKPD models were used to screen candidates and guide peptide chemical modifications to mitigate this risk. Anesthetized rats dosed with peptides demonstrated treatment-related decreases in blood pressure and increases in plasma histamine concentrations which were reversible with a mast cell stabilizer, supporting the MCD mechanism. In vitro testing in rat mast cells with NaV1.7 peptides demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in histamine. Pharmacodynamic modeling facilitated establishing an in vitro to in vivo correlation for histamine as a biomarker for blood pressure decline via the MCD mechanism. These models enabled assessment of structure-activity relationship (SAR) to identify substructures that contribute to peptide-mediated MCD. Peptides with hydrophobic and cationic characteristics were determined to have an elevated risk for MCD, which could be reduced or avoided by incorporating anionic residues into the protoxin II scaffold. Our analyses support that in vitro MCD assessment in combination with PKPD modeling can guide SAR to improve peptide lead optimization and ensure an acceptable early in vivo tolerability profile with reduced resources, cycle time, and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Morissette
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Nianyu Li
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Jeanine E Ballard
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Gregory L Adams
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Chris Regan
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Hillary Regan
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - K J Lee
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Weixun Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Aimee Burton
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Feifei Chen
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Pamela Gerenser
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Richard L Kraus
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - David Tellers
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Anand Palani
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Chengzao Sun
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Stefania Colarusso
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Daniele De Simone
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frattarelli
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | | | - Rupesh P Amin
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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11
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Leung LC, Lee KJ, Jin A. Organizing a Successful Practice and Considering Tax and Estate Planning. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 55:161-170. [PMID: 34538635 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To care for your family and to do "good" for your alma mater, religious organization, and the other charities you love, you need to do "well," which is to build a successful practice. To achieve a successful practice, following the principles of the dozen A's is helpful: Ability, Availability, Amicability, Approachable, Attuned, Aware, Attentive to patients, Attentive to others, Attentive to details, Apology (ability to apologize and accept apology gracefully), Assimilate, Affordable. Another way to put it is "skills to treat, heart to care at a sensible price."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawton C Leung
- Withers Bergman LLP, Private Client and Tax Team, 157 Church Street, 12th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510-2100, USA
| | - K J Lee
- Hofstra University Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine; HaloMedia Group.
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12
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Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Sharma S, Trinh TT, Akter R, Jeong YJ, Goh SH, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Future Prospects and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:5327. [PMID: 34500759 PMCID: PMC8433718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been extensively studied in recent years for their therapeutic potential in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), and Parkinson's (PD) disease. These diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function. There has been little progress in designing efficient treatments, despite impressive breakthroughs in our understanding of NDs. In the prevention and therapy of NDs, the use of natural products may provide great potential opportunities; however, many clinical issues have emerged regarding their use, primarily based on the lack of scientific support or proof of their effectiveness and patient safety. Since neurodegeneration is associated with a myriad of pathological processes, targeting multi-mechanisms of action and neuroprotection approaches that include preventing cell death and restoring the function of damaged neurons should be employed. In the treatment of NDs, including AD and PD, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents. This current review will highlight the therapeutic potential of numerous natural products and their bioactive compounds thatexert neuroprotective effects on the pathologies of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Thuy Thi Trinh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Yun Ju Jeong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
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13
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Yoon YS, Lee JH, Lee M, Kim KE, Jang HY, Lee KJ, Bajgai J, Kim CS, Cho IY. Mechanical Changes of the Lumbar Intervertebral Space and Lordotic Angle Caused by Posterior-to-Anterior Traction Using a Spinal Thermal Massage Device in Healthy People. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070900. [PMID: 34356278 PMCID: PMC8307674 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The axial (horizontal) traction approach has been traditionally used for treatment of low back pain-related spinal disorders such as nuclear protrusion, primary posterolateral root pain, and lower thoracic disc herniation; however, it is known to have some technical limitations due to reductions of the spinal curve. Lumbar lordosis plays a pivotal function in maintaining sagittal balance. Recently, vertical traction and combination traction have been attracting attention due to improving therapeutic outcomes, although evidence of their clinical application is rare; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the mechanical changes of lumbar intervertebral space, lordotic angle, and the central spinal canal area through vertical traction treatment using a spinal massage device in healthy participants. Methods: In total, 10 healthy subjects with no musculoskeletal disorders and no physical activity restrictions participated. The participants lay on the experimental device (CGM MB-1901) in supine extended posture and vertical traction force was applied in a posterior-to-anterior direction on the L3–4 and L4–5 lumbar sections at level 1 (baseline) and level 9 (traction mode). Magnetic resonance (MR) images were recorded directly under traction mode using the MRI scanner. The height values of the intervertebral space (anterior, center, and posterior parts) and lordosis angle of the L3–4 and L4–5 sections were measured using Image J software and the central spinal canal area (L4–5) was observed through superimposition method using the MR images. All measurement and image analyses were conducted by 2 experienced radiologists under a single-blinded method. Results: The average height values of the intervertebral space under traction mode were significantly increased in both L3–4 and L4–5 sections compared to baseline, particularly in the anterior and central parts but not in the posterior part. Cobb’s angle also showed significant increases in both L3–4 and L4–5 sections compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The central spinal canal area showed a slightly expanded feature in traction mode. Conclusions: In this pilot experiment, posterior-to-anterior vertical traction on L3–4 and L4–5 sections using a spinal massage device caused positive and significant changes based on increases of the intervertebral space height, lumbar lordosis angle, and central spinal canal area compared to the baseline condition. Our results are expected to be useful as underlying data for the clinical application of vertical traction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Yoon
- Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 365, Seowon-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 54987, Korea; (Y.-S.Y.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jong-Hoo Lee
- Presbyterian Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 365, Seowon-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 54987, Korea; (Y.-S.Y.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Mihyun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Sungkyul University, 53, Seonggyeoldaehak-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang-si 14097, Korea;
| | - Ka-Eun Kim
- College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea;
| | - Hong-Young Jang
- Department of Medical Sciences Convergence Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea;
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (K.-J.L.); (J.B.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (K.-J.L.); (J.B.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (K.-J.L.); (J.B.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Il-Young Cho
- Department of Medical Sciences Convergence Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-220-3125
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
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15
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Fadriquela A, Kim CS, Lee KJ, Kang SH, Kim MY, Lee JH. Soluble type immune checkpoint regulators using multiplex luminex immunoassay in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Clin Pathol 2021; 74:780-786. [PMID: 34016716 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Soluble immune checkpoint regulators (sICs) were reported to have clinical impact on the diagnosis and progress of various diseases. This study compared the serum levels of 16 sICs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to elucidate their clinical significance. METHODS The sICs of 86 patients with CHB and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were measured using luminex-based multiplex assay. The sICs were correlated with laboratory markers and sIC levels were compared in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups. RESULTS The levels of soluble programmed death-ligand 1, soluble cluster of differentiation 80/B7-1 (sCD80/B7-1), soluble cluster of differentiation 86/B7-2, soluble B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte attenuator, soluble herpes virus entry mediator, soluble cluster 28, soluble cluster of differentiation 40, soluble glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein, soluble ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR, soluble Toll-like receptor 2 and soluble inducible T-cell costimulator (sICOS) were decreased, while soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (sTIM-3) was increased in patients with CHB. Soluble programmed cell death protein 1 and sTIM-3 both positively correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and increased in entecavir or tenofovir used group. The sTIM-3 positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase to platelet ratio and fibrosis-4. Soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) decreased in the liver cirrhosis (LC) group compared with the non-LC group. sCD80/B7-1 decreased LC risk, while soluble lymphocyte-activation gene increased LC risk by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the preliminary data on dysregulated sICs in patients with CHB that may have clinical significance in diagnosis of patients with CHB. It can be applied to develop therapeutic target of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of).,Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)
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16
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Bajgai J, Lee KJ, Rahman MH, Fadriquela A, Kim CS. Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:737-746. [PMID: 32981497 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200925124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In today's society, healthy skin and a beautiful appearance are considered the foundation of general well-being. The skin is the largest organ of the body and plays an important role in protecting it against various hazards such as environmental, physical, chemical, and biological hazards. These factors include mediators that lead to oxidation reactions that produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and additional oxidants in the skin cells. An increase in oxidants beyond the antioxidant capacity of its defense system causes oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the body. This response can cause further disruption of collagen fibers and hinder the functioning of skin cells that may result in the development of various skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and aging. In this review, we summarized the present information related to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dermatological disorders, and its impact on physical beauty and the daily lives of patients. We also discussed how molecular hydrogen exhibits a therapeutic effect against skin diseases via its effects on oxidative stress. Furthermore, findings from this summary review indicate that molecular hydrogen might be an effective treatment modality for the prevention and treatment of skin-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do26426, Korea
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17
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Ko YH, Lee KJ, Das S, Gupta N, Magnusson R. Micro-electromechanical-system-tuned resonant filters spanning the 8-12 µm band. Opt Lett 2021; 46:1329-1332. [PMID: 33720179 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spectral band covering ∼8-12µm is atmospherically transparent and therefore important for terrestrial imaging, day/night situational awareness systems, and spectroscopic applications. There is a dearth of tunable filters spanning the band. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, tunable-filter method engaging the fundamental physics of the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect realized with a non-periodic lattice. The polarization-dependent filter is fashioned with a one-dimensional Ge grating on a ZnSe substrate and interrogated with a ∼1.5mm Gaussian beam to show clear transmittance nulls. To expand the tuning range, the device parameters are optimized for sequential operation in TM and TE polarization states. The theoretical model exhibits a tunable range exceeding 4 µm, thus covering the band fully. In the experiment, a prototype device exhibits a spectral range of 8.6-10.0 µm in TM and 9.9-11.7 µm in TE polarization or >3µm total. With additional efforts in fabrication, we expect to achieve the full range.
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18
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Bajgai J, Xingyu J, Fadriquela A, Begum R, Kim DH, Kim CS, Kim SK, Lee KJ. Effects of mineral complex material treatment on 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis like-skin lesions in mice model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33658026 PMCID: PMC7931355 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic allergic inflammatory skin disease characterized by complex pathogenesis including skin barrier dysfunction, immune-redox disturbances, and pruritus. Prolonged topical treatment with medications such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and T-cell inhibitors may have some potential side-effects. To this end, many researchers have explored numerous alternative therapies using natural products and mineral compounds with antioxidant or immunomodulatory effects to minimize toxicity and adverse-effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of mineral complex material (MCM) treatment on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in SKH-1 hairless mice. Methods Animals were divided into four groups; normal control (NC), negative control treated with DNCB only (DNCB only), positive control treated with DNCB and tacrolimus ointment (PC) and experimental group treated with DNCB and MCM patch (MCM). Skin inflammation and lesion severity were investigated through analyses of skin parameters (barrier score and strength, moisture and trans-epidermal water loss level), histopathology, immunoglobulin E, and cytokines. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in both serum and skin lysate. Results Our results demonstrates that MCM patch improved the progression of AD-like skin lesions by significantly increasing skin barrier strength and decreasing trans-epidermal water loss. Additionally, dermal administration of MCM patch significantly reduced epidermal thickness, ROS, and NO levels in skin lysate. Furthermore, we found that MCM suppressed the levels of AD-involved (Th1 and Th2) cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in blood. In addition, the levels of other Th1, and Th2 and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12(p70) and IL-10 were found lowest in the MCM group than in the DNCB only and PC groups. Moreover, we found total serum IgE level significantly increased after DNCB treatment, but decreased in the PC and MCM groups. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that MCM application may have beneficial effects either systemic or regional on DNCB-induced AD lesional skin via regulation of the skin barrier function and immune-redox response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03259-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Xingyu
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Heui Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lin L, Zhang CF, Wang P, Gao H, Guan X, Han JL, Jiang JC, Jiang P, Lee KJ, Li D, Men YP, Miao CC, Niu CH, Niu JR, Sun C, Wang BJ, Wang ZL, Xu H, Xu JL, Xu JW, Yang YH, Yang YP, Yu W, Zhang B, Zhang BB, Zhou DJ, Zhu WW, Castro-Tirado AJ, Dai ZG, Ge MY, Hu YD, Li CK, Li Y, Li Z, Liang EW, Jia SM, Querel R, Shao L, Wang FY, Wang XG, Wu XF, Xiong SL, Xu RX, Yang YS, Zhang GQ, Zhang SN, Zheng TC, Zou JH. No pulsed radio emission during a bursting phase of a Galactic magnetar. Nature 2020; 587:63-65. [PMID: 33149293 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients of unknown physical origin observed at extragalactic distances1-3. It has long been speculated that magnetars are the engine powering repeating bursts from FRB sources4-13, but no convincing evidence has been collected so far14. Recently, the Galactic magnetar SRG 1935+2154 entered an active phase by emitting intense soft γ-ray bursts15. One FRB-like event with two peaks (FRB 200428) and a luminosity slightly lower than the faintest extragalactic FRBs was detected from the source, in association with a soft γ-ray/hard-X-ray flare18-21. Here we report an eight-hour targeted radio observational campaign comprising four sessions and assisted by multi-wavelength (optical and hard-X-ray) data. During the third session, 29 soft-γ-ray repeater (SGR) bursts were detected in γ-ray energies. Throughout the observing period, we detected no single dispersed pulsed emission coincident with the arrivals of SGR bursts, but unfortunately we were not observing when the FRB was detected. The non-detection places a fluence upper limit that is eight orders of magnitude lower than the fluence of FRB 200428. Our results suggest that FRB-SGR burst associations are rare. FRBs may be highly relativistic and geometrically beamed, or FRB-like events associated with SGR bursts may have narrow spectra and characteristic frequencies outside the observed band. It is also possible that the physical conditions required to achieve coherent radiation in SGR bursts are difficult to satisfy, and that only under extreme conditions could an FRB be associated with an SGR burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Zhang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Gao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Guan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Han
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Jiang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P Jiang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Lee
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - D Li
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y P Men
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Miao
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C H Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J R Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Sun
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Wang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Xu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Yang
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - B-B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - D J Zhou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W W Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - A J Castro-Tirado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Escuela de Ingenierías, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Z G Dai
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Ge
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y D Hu
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - E W Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - S M Jia
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R Querel
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
| | - L Shao
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X G Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wu
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-S Yang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Q Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - J-H Zou
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lee KJ, Ko YH, Gupta N, Magnusson R. Unpolarized resonant notch filters for the 8-12 µm spectral region. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4452-4455. [PMID: 32796981 DOI: 10.1364/ol.398744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral region spanning ∼8-12µm is useful for many scientific and industrial applications. As traditional multilayer film components are not straightforwardly realized at these bands, we provide design, fabrication, and testing of polarization independent bandstop filters based on the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect. Focusing on the zero-contrast grating architecture, we successfully fabricate prototype filters in the Ge-on-ZnSe materials system. Applying mask-based photolithography and dry etching, photoresist patterns form the desired Ge grating structures. The resulting devices exhibit clean transmittance nulls and acceptably high sidebands. Moreover, we verify polarization independent notch filtering by assembling two identical GMR filters with gratings oriented orthogonally. This approach to realize effective GMR elements will be useful for various fields including photonic and optoelectronic devices operating in the LWIR region.
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21
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Ahamed SH, Lee KJ, Tang PH. Role of a modified ultrafast MRI brain protocol in clinical paediatric neuroimaging. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:914-920. [PMID: 32782127 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish a role for modified ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in clinical paediatric patients based on clinically acceptable image quality and diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted with institutional review board approval on an ultrafast MRI brain protocol consisting of sagittal T1-weighted, axial T2-weighted, axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), axial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and axial T2∗-weighted sequences. Preliminary investigations revealed that the default ultrafast T2-weighted sequence was prone to pulsation artefacts. A modified ultrafast T2-weighted sequence was therefore developed to replace the default ultrafast T2-weighted sequence. Thirty-five patients with clinical indication for neuroimaging underwent ultrafast MRI, modified ultrafast T2-weighted sequence and standard MRI at 3 T. Image quality of ultrafast MRI sequences were graded as clinically "diagnostic" or "non-diagnostic" and compared against the corresponding standard MRI sequences as the reference standard. The modified ultrafast T2-weighted sequence surpassed the default ultrafast T2-weighted sequence in image quality. The ultrafast MRI protocol was therefore replaced with the modified ultrafast T2-weighted sequence creating a modified ultrafast MRI protocol. The clinical reports of modified ultrafast MRI were compared against standard MRI for diagnostic concordance, categorised further as "normal", "clinically significant", or "clinically minor" abnormalities. RESULTS Ultrafast T1-weighted, FLAIR, and DWI sequences had comparable image quality to standard MRI sequences. The ultrafast T2∗-weighted sequence had significantly higher non-diagnostic images (42.9%) compared to the standard MRI sequence (2.9%). The default ultrafast T2-weighted sequence had significantly higher non-diagnostic images compared to the modified ultrafast T2-weighted sequence and standard T2-weighted sequence (82.9%, 5.7%, 8.6%, respectively). There was 100% concordance for normal and clinically significant abnormalities and 23% discordance for clinically minor abnormalities. Modified ultrafast MRI takes 5 minutes 41 seconds compared to standard MRI time of 14 minutes 57 seconds. CONCLUSION The modified ultrafast MRI protocol for brain imaging demonstrates clinically acceptable image quality in four out of five sequences and has high accuracy in diagnosing normal and clinically significant abnormalities when compared against the standard MRI protocol for brain imaging. It could potentially benefit a select group of paediatric patients who require neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahamed
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore.
| | - K J Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, 138667, Singapore
| | - P H Tang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
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22
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Ha M, Son YR, Kim J, Park SM, Hong CM, Choi D, Kang W, Kim JH, Lee KJ, Park D, Han ME, Oh SO, Lee D, Kim YH. TEK is a novel prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:1451-1458. [PMID: 30840266 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. However, effective therapeutics for ccRCC are lacking. Novel biomarkers could provide critical information when determining prognoses for patients with ccRCC. In this study, we sought to determine if the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase (TEK) could be a potential novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. TEK, originally identified as an endothelial cell-specific receptor, plays an important role in the modulation of vasculogenesis and remodeling. Altered TEK expression has been observed in tumor tissues (e.g., oral squamous cell carcinomas, leukemia) and breast, gastric and thyroid cancers. However, the role of TEK in ccRCC remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Differential TEK expression between non-metastatic (stage M0) and metastatic (stage M1) ccRCC patient cohorts was determined from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Furthermore, TEK expression was assessed as a prognostic factor using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, the AUC value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at 5 years, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that the downregulation of TEK expression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with ccRCC with good discrimination (p<0.0001 and p=0.0044 for the TGCA and ICGC cohorts, respectively). Analyses of C-indices and receiver operating characteristic AUC values further support this discriminative ability. Moreover, multivariate analyses showed the prognostic significance of TEK expression levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although additional clinical investigations will be needed, our results suggest that TEK is a potential biomarker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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23
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McMeniman EK, Peach E, Lee KJ, Yanes T, Jagirdar K, Stark MS, Soyer HP, Duffy DL, McInerney-Leo AM, Sturm RA. CDKN2A testing threshold in a high-risk Australian melanoma cohort: number of primaries, family history and young age of onset impact risk. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e797-e798. [PMID: 32386439 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E K McMeniman
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E Peach
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T Yanes
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M S Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Otolaryngologists are in a good position to advocate for our patients and our specialty. We can do it as a volunteer or as a full-time job running for political office at the state or federal level. To be taken seriously, we need to offer solutions besides citing the problems. We encourage otolaryngologists to work with our Academy and its ENT-PAC (Ear, Nose, Throat Political Action Committee). Medicine is a great profession and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery is an even better specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Hofstra University Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine.
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25
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Kim HJ, Yong TS, Shin MH, Lee KJ, Park GM, Suvonkulov U, Kovalenko D, Yu HS. Phylogenetic Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Uzbekistan. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:205-210. [PMID: 32418392 PMCID: PMC7231821 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcosis occurs mainly in areas with heavy livestock farming, such as Central Asia, America, and Australia. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection causes echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, and horses. Numerous cases of echinococcosis occur in Uzbekistan as stock farming is a primary industry. Epidemiological and genetic studies of E. granulosus s.l. are very important for mitigating its impact on public health and the economy; however, there are no such studies on E. granulosus s.l. in Uzbekistan. In the present study, to determine which genotypes exist and are transmitted, we isolated Echinococcus sp. from definitive hosts (one isolate each from jackal and dog) and intermediate hosts (52 isolates from humans and 6 isolates from sheep) in Uzbekistan and analyzed the isolates by sequencing 2 mitochondrial DNA components (cox1 and nad1). The results showed that all of isolates except one belonged to the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences showed that 42 isolates from humans, 6 isolates from sheep, and one isolate from jackal were the G1 genotype, whereas the remaining 8 isolates from human and the one isolate from dog were the G3 genotype. These results suggest that the G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are predominant in Uzbekistan, and both wild animals and domestic animals are important for maintaining their life cycle. Only one isolate from human sample was confirmed to be E. eqiinus (G4 genotype), which is known to be for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Gab-Man Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Uktamjon Suvonkulov
- Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Dmitriy Kovalenko
- Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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26
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McMeniman EK, Duffy DL, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Peach E, McInerney-Leo AM, De'Ambrosis B, Rayner JE, Smithers BM, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. The interplay of sun damage and genetic risk in Australian multiple and single primary melanoma cases and controls. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:357-366. [PMID: 31794051 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin phenotype, host genotype and ultraviolet (UV) damage play a role in the development of melanoma. OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether the level of UV damage at the site of melanomas was associated with genetic polymorphisms. METHODS Deep phenotyping was performed on 1244 individuals; 281 with multiple primary melanomas (MPMs), 304 with single primary melanoma (SPM) and 659 convenience controls. Genotype data was generated using the Illumina CoreExome microarray platform, assaying over 500 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A subset of variants were combined to assess a polygenic risk score (PRS) for melanoma. RESULTS Most MPM cases were diagnosed in patients aged > 40 years, in sites with visible chronic UV damage. Women and those diagnosed at age ≤ 40 years were less likely to have perilesional UV damage. Patients with MPM had higher frequencies of MITF E318K, MC1R R-alleles and the ASIP risk haplotype. Individuals who had melanoma in a visibly UV-damaged site were more likely to carry MC1R rs75570604 [odds ratio (OR) 2·5], 9q31.2 rs10816595 (OR 1·4) and MTAP rs869329 (OR 1·4). These same alleles were more common in patients with MPM who were diagnosed at age ≤ 40 years. The mean PRS was significantly higher in MPM than in SPM and controls. Naevus count was comparable in early-onset MPM cases and those diagnosed at age > 40 years. CONCLUSIONS Our cohort demonstrated higher frequencies of previously reported alleles associated with melanoma. MPM melanomas more commonly occur in UV-damaged areas, and these individuals are more likely to carry MC1R red hair colour alleles. Awareness of the interplay of genetic vulnerability with UV damage can stratify risk and guide recommendations for melanoma screening. What's already known about this topic? Skin phenotype, host genotype and ultraviolet (UV) damage all play a role in melanoma development. One of the main risk factors is a personal history of melanoma; second and subsequent primary melanomas account for over 20% of all melanomas registered in Queensland. Multiple loci are associated with melanoma risk, including many low-penetrance loci, which may have a cumulatively significant risk. Population-wide screening programmes for melanoma are not yet economically viable. What does this study add? Patients diagnosed with melanoma at age ≤ 40 years were more likely than older patients to have melanomas in non-UV-damaged sites. Patients with multiple melanomas had higher frequencies of MITF E318K, MC1R R-alleles, and the ASIP extended risk haplotype than patients with single melanoma. CDKN2A, MC1R and MTAP variants were more frequent in patients who developed melanomas at a younger age, but also in those whose melanomas were all on visibly UV-damaged sites. What is the translational message? Incorporating these genetic findings into the known risk factors of skin phenotype and visible UV damage may allow for a more customized and economically feasible approach to early detection of melanoma, particularly in younger patients. Plain language summary available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K McMeniman
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Peach
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A M McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - B De'Ambrosis
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,South East Dermatology, Annerley Square, Annerley, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J E Rayner
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - B M Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Han JU, Kim BG, Yang C, Choi WH, Jeong J, Lee KJ, Kim H. Prospective randomized comparison of cerebrospinal fluid aspiration and conventional popping methods using 27-gauge spinal needles in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32000680 PMCID: PMC6993332 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-0954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Performing spinal anaesthesia using the conventional popping method with a 27-gauge (27G) spinal needle is technically difficult. In this study, we compared the aspiration and conventional popping method for spinal anaesthesia using 27G Quincke-type needles. Methods This prospective, randomized study enrolled 90 patients, aged 19 to 65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, who were undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups using a computer-generated random number table: patients receiving spinal anaesthesia using the aspiration method, in which the needle is advanced with continuous aspiration, or the conventional popping method. The primary outcome measure was the success rate of the first attempt to perform dural puncture. Number of attempts and passages, withdrawal cases, successful attempt time, total procedure time, and actual depth of dural puncture were recorded. Results Eighty-eight patients were included in the study. In the aspiration group, the success rate of first attempt for dural puncture was 93.3%, compared with 72.1% in the popping group (P = 0.019). Success involving needle withdrawal was recorded in 4 (8.9%) patients in the aspiration group and 13 (30.2%) in the popping group (P = 0.024). In the popping group, the number of attempts was significantly higher (P = 0.044), and total procedure time was significantly longer (P = 0.023). Actual depths of dural puncture were deeper in the popping group than in the aspiration group (P = 0.019). Conclusions The aspiration method using a 27G Quincke-type needle offers clinical benefits for dural puncture compared with the conventional popping method for spinal anaesthesia. Trial registration Clinical research information service number: KCT0002815, registered 21/Apr/2018. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Yong TS, Lee KJ, Shin MH, Yu HS, Suvonkulov U, Sergeevich TB, Shamsiev A, Park GM. Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Dogs and Two Species of Wild Animals from Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan. Korean J Parasitol 2019; 57:549-552. [PMID: 31715699 PMCID: PMC6851258 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasitic infections and associated risk factors for the human infection among the people of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Infection status of helminths including Echinococcus granulosus was surveyed in domestic and wild animals from 4 sites in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan during 2015-2018. Fecal samples of each animal were examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique and the recovery of intestinal helminths was performed with naked eyes and a stereomicroscope in total 1,761 animals (1,755 dogs, 1 golden jackal, and 5 Corsac foxes). Total 658 adult worms of E. granulosus were detected in 28 (1.6%) dogs and 1 (100%) golden jackal. More than 6 species of helminths, i.e., Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium nolleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis, were found from 18 (1.0%) dogs. Six (T. hydatigena, Toxascaris leonina, Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, D. caninum, and M. lineatus) and 2 (D. nolleri and M. lineatus) species of helminths were also detected from 5 Corsac foxes and 1 golden jackal, respectively. Taeniid eggs were found in 2 (20%) out of 10 soil samples. In the present study, it was confirmed that the prevalences of helminths including E. granulosus are not so high in domestic and wild animals. Nevertheless, the awareness on the zoonotic helminth infections should be continuously maintained in Uzbekistan for the prevention of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Uktamjon Suvonkulov
- Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | | | - Azamat Shamsiev
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Samarkand Medical Institute, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Gab-Man Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
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29
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Lee KJ, Soyer HP. Smartphones, artificial intelligence and digital histopathology take on basal cell carcinoma diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:540-541. [PMID: 31429070 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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30
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Rayner JE, McMeniman EK, Duffy DL, De'Ambrosis B, Smithers BM, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1076-1083. [PMID: 30680790 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma is associated with poorer outcomes due to a more advanced disease stage at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To determine phenotypic risks and genotypic associations with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma to develop a clinical and genetic profile that could assist in identifying high-risk individuals. METHODS The Brisbane Naevus Morphology Study conducted from 2009 to 2016 has recruited a core of 1254 participants. Participants were drawn from a combination of volunteers from dermatology outpatient clinics, private dermatology clinics, the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study and QSkin study. Case participants had a personal history of melanoma and control participants no personal history of melanoma. We specifically examined seven known candidate pigmentation and melanoma genes and pigmentary phenotypic characteristics in participants with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma compared to pigmented melanomas. This assayed single nucleotide polymorphisms in MC1R, TYR, HERC/OCA2, IRF4, MTAP, PLA2G6 and MITF. RESULTS Forty-seven participants had at least one amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma, and 389 had pigmented melanomas, with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients significantly older than pigmented melanoma participants (63.3 ± 13.0 vs. 54.6 ± 15.3 years; P < 0.001). Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients were more likely than pigmented melanoma patients to have red hair (34% vs. 15%; P = 0.01), severe hand freckling (13% vs. 5%; P = 0.01) and propensity to sunburn (63% vs. 44%; P = 0.01). MC1R R/R genotype was much more frequent in our amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma population (31.1% vs. 11%; P < 0.001; OR 26.4 vs. 5.9; control 1.0). Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma was associated with TYR rs1126809*A/A [OR (CI 95%) 2.7 (1.1-6.8) vs. 1.2 (0.8-1.9)] and PLA2G6 rs11570734*A/A [OR (CI 95%) 3.7 (1.0-13.6) vs. 1.3 (0.9-2.0)]. The MTAP melanoma risk SNP genotype, associated with darker pigmentation, (rs4636294*A/A) was less common in amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients [OR (CI 95%) 0.8 (0.3-2.1) vs. 2.0 (1.3-3.1)]. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of phenotypic and genotypic associations of amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma can help predict risks and associations of this difficult to diagnose melanoma, which may ultimately assist clinical management and patient skin self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rayner
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - E K McMeniman
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B De'Ambrosis
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- South East Dermatology, Annerley Square, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B M Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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31
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Ara J, Bajgai J, Sajo MEJ, Fadriquela A, Kim CS, Kim SK, Lee KJ. The immunological and oxidative stress regulation of non-thermal plasma-aided water on atopic dermatitis-like lesion in dinitrochlorobenzene-induced SKH-1 hairless mice. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Matthews LG, Inder TE, Pascoe L, Kapur K, Lee KJ, Monson BB, Doyle LW, Thompson DK, Anderson PJ. Longitudinal Preterm Cerebellar Volume: Perinatal and Neurodevelopmental Outcome Associations. Cerebellum 2018; 17:610-627. [PMID: 29949094 PMCID: PMC6126980 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cerebellar development is an important determinant of adverse motor and cognitive outcomes in very preterm (VPT) infants. However, longitudinal MRI studies investigating cerebellar maturation from birth through childhood and associated neurodevelopmental outcomes are lacking. We aimed to compare cerebellar volume and growth from term-equivalent age (TEA) to 7 years between VPT (< 30 weeks' gestation or < 1250 g) and full-term children; and to assess the association between these measures, perinatal factors, and 7-year outcomes in VPT children, and whether these relationships varied by sex. In a prospective cohort study of 224 VPT and 46 full-term infants, cerebellar volumes were measured on MRI at TEA and 7 years. Useable data at either time-point were collected for 207 VPT and 43 full-term children. Cerebellar growth from TEA to 7 years was compared between VPT and full-term children. Associations with perinatal factors and 7-year outcomes were investigated in VPT children. VPT children had smaller TEA and 7-year volumes and reduced growth. Perinatal factors were associated with smaller cerebellar volume and growth between TEA and 7 years, namely, postnatal corticosteroids for TEA volume, and female sex, earlier birth gestation, white and deep nuclear gray matter injury for 7-year volume and growth. Smaller TEA and 7-year volumes, and reduced growth were associated with poorer 7-year IQ, language, and motor function, with differential relationships observed for male and female children. Our findings indicate that cerebellar growth from TEA to 7 years is impaired in VPT children and relates to early perinatal factors and 7-year outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian G Matthews
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - T E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - L Pascoe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Kapur
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K J Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B B Monson
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - L W Doyle
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D K Thompson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P J Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Lee KJ, Liu K. Tinnitus: A Stepchild in Our Specialty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:599-600. [PMID: 29966488 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818785146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many patients are not satisfied with their doctor's answer when they complain about tinnitus. The proposed classification can be used to communicate with patients as well as guide future research. Type A itemizes the treatable causes of tinnitus. Type B itemizes tinnitus with a lack of medical explanation. Type C tinnitus is caused by diagnosable and treatable conditions, as listed in tinnitus type A, but the tinnitus persists after the successful treatment of the other symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA.,2 Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, Guilford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keyu Liu
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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34
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You HS, Fadriquela A, Sajo MEJ, Bajgai J, Ara J, Kim CS, Kim SK, Oh JR, Shim KY, Lim HK, Lee KJ. Wound Healing Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Cutaneous Wounds in Hairless Mice via Immune-Redox Modulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1423-1431. [PMID: 28867725 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acidic electrolyzed water is an innovative sanitizer having a wide-spectrum of applications in food industry, and healthcare industry but little is known on its effect and mechanism in wound healing. The study was conducted to identify the effect and mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on cutaneous wounds in hairless mice. SAEW (pH: 5-6.5, oxidation reduction potential: 800 mV, chlorine concentration: 25 ppm) was prepared through electrolysis of water and was applied to the wounds of hairless mice three times a day for seven days. Wound size, immune response and oxidative stress were explored and compared to conventional agents such as Betadine and alcohol. We found that SAEW-treated group showed the highest wound reduction percentage (p<0.01). Antioxidant activities such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities of SAEW group surpassed the total reactive oxygen species in skin. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor were upregulated in SAEW group. Further, SAEW recruited the production of intracellular calcium and promoted its utilization for faster healing. In line, SAEW treatment decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and tumor necrosis factor-α] in serum. Other hallmarks of wound healing, matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP)1 and MMP9 were also upregulated. Collectively, our study indicates that SAEW is effective in wound healing of hairless mice via immune-redox modulation, and heals better/faster than conventional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sun You
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Ma Easter Joy Sajo
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Jesmin Ara
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Cheol Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Jin Rok Oh
- Department of Orthopedics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Kwang Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Hyun Kyo Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University.,Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University
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Cuzzilla R, Spittle AJ, Lee KJ, Rogerson S, Cowan FM, Doyle LW, Cheong JLY. Postnatal Brain Growth Assessed by Sequential Cranial Ultrasonography in Infants Born <30 Weeks' Gestational Age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1170-1176. [PMID: 29773561 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain growth in the early postnatal period following preterm birth has not been well described. This study of infants born at <30 weeks' gestational age and without major brain injury aimed to accomplish the following: 1) assess the reproducibility of linear measures made from cranial ultrasonography, 2) evaluate brain growth using sequential cranial ultrasonography linear measures from birth to term-equivalent age, and 3) explore perinatal predictors of postnatal brain growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants comprised 144 infants born at <30 weeks' gestational age at a single center between January 2011 and December 2013. Infants with major brain injury seen on cranial ultrasonography or congenital or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Brain tissue and fluid spaces were measured from cranial ultrasonography performed as part of routine clinical care. Brain growth was assessed in 3 time intervals: <7, 7-27, and >27 days' postnatal age. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients and mixed-effects regression. RESULTS A total of 429 scans were assessed for 144 infants. Several linear measures showed excellent reproducibility. All measures of brain tissue increased with postnatal age, except for the biparietal diameter, which decreased within the first postnatal week and increased thereafter. Gestational age of ≥28 weeks at birth was associated with slower growth of the biparietal diameter and ventricular width compared with gestational age of <28 weeks. Postnatal corticosteroid administration was associated with slower growth of the corpus callosum length, transcerebellar diameter, and vermis height. Sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were associated with slower growth of the transcerebellar diameter. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal brain growth in infants born at <30 weeks' gestational age can be evaluated using sequential linear measures made from routine cranial ultrasonography and is associated with perinatal predictors of long-term development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cuzzilla
- From the Victorian Infant Brain Studies research group (R.C., A.J.S., K.J.L., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (R.C., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.).,Neonatal Services (R.C., A.J.S., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J Spittle
- From the Victorian Infant Brain Studies research group (R.C., A.J.S., K.J.L., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Physiotherapy (A.J.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Neonatal Services (R.C., A.J.S., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- From the Victorian Infant Brain Studies research group (R.C., A.J.S., K.J.L., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Paediatrics (K.J.L., L.W.D.)
| | - S Rogerson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (R.C., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.).,Neonatal Services (R.C., A.J.S., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F M Cowan
- Department of Paediatrics (F.M.C.), Imperial College, London, UK
| | - L W Doyle
- From the Victorian Infant Brain Studies research group (R.C., A.J.S., K.J.L., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (R.C., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.).,Paediatrics (K.J.L., L.W.D.).,Neonatal Services (R.C., A.J.S., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J L Y Cheong
- From the Victorian Infant Brain Studies research group (R.C., A.J.S., K.J.L., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (R.C., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.).,Neonatal Services (R.C., A.J.S., S.R., L.W.D., J.L.Y.C.), The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Laino AM, Berry EG, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Duffy DL, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Iris pigmented lesions as a marker of cutaneous melanoma risk: an Australian case-control study. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1119-1127. [PMID: 29315480 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iris naevi and iris freckles have a frequency of 4% and 50% in the European population, respectively. They are associated with dysplastic naevi, but few studies have examined their link to cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVES To assess whether iris pigmented lesions are a predictive indicator for cutaneous melanoma. METHODS This is a melanoma case-control study of 1254 European-background Australians. Sun exposure and melanoma history, a saliva sample for DNA analysis and eye photographs taken with a digital camera were collected from 1117 participants. Iris images were assessed by up to four trained observers for the number of iris pigmented lesions. The data were analysed for correlations between iris pigmented lesions and melanoma history. RESULTS Case participants over the age of 40 had similar numbers of iris pigmented lesions to age matched controls (mean 5·7 vs. 5·2, P = 0·02), but in younger case and control participants there was a greater difference (mean 3·96 vs. 2·19, P = 0·004). A logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, skin, hair and eye colour, skin freckling and naevus count found that the presence of three or more iris pigmented lesions increases the melanoma risk 1·45-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07-1·95]. HERC2/OCA2 rs12913832 and IRF4 rs12203592 influenced both eye colour and the number of iris pigmented lesions. On the HERC2/OCA2 A/A and A/G genotype background there was an increasing proportion of blue eye colour when carrying the IRF4 T allele (P = 3 × 10-4 ) and a higher number of iris pigmented lesions with the IRF4 T/T homozygote (P = 3 × 10-9 ). CONCLUSIONS Iris pigmented lesion count provides additional predictive information for melanoma risk above that from conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Laino
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - E G Berry
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30309, GA, U.S.A
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
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Rodwell L, Romaniuk H, Nilsen W, Carlin JB, Lee KJ, Patton GC. Adolescent mental health and behavioural predictors of being NEET: a prospective study of young adults not in employment, education, or training. Psychol Med 2018; 48:861-871. [PMID: 28874224 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET) are at risk of long-term economic disadvantage and social exclusion. Knowledge about risk factors for being NEET largely comes from cross-sectional studies of vulnerable individuals. Using data collected over a 10-year period, we examined adolescent predictors of being NEET in young adulthood. METHODS We used data on 1938 participants from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, a community-based longitudinal study of adolescents in Victoria, Australia. Associations between common mental disorders, disruptive behaviour, cannabis use and drinking behaviour in adolescence, and NEET status at two waves of follow-up in young adulthood (mean ages of 20.7 and 24.1 years) were investigated using logistic regression, with generalised estimating equations used to account for the repeated outcome measure. RESULTS Overall, 8.5% of the participants were NEET at age 20.7 years and 8.2% at 24.1 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found evidence of increased risk of being NEET among frequent adolescent cannabis users [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.75] and those who reported repeated disruptive behaviours (ORadj = 1.71; 95% CI 1.15-2.55) or persistent common mental disorders in adolescence (ORadj = 1.60; 95% CI 1.07-2.40). Similar associations were present when participants with children were included in the same category as those in employment, education, or training. CONCLUSIONS Young people with an early onset of mental health and behavioural problems are at risk of failing to make the transition from school to employment. This finding reinforces the importance of integrated employment and mental health support programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rodwell
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - H Romaniuk
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - W Nilsen
- Work Research Institute,Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences,Oslo,Norway
| | - J B Carlin
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - G C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics,Faculty of Medicine,Dentistry and Health Sciences,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, VIC,Australia
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Kim HJ, Yong TS, Shin MH, Lee KJ, Park GM, Suvonkulov U, Kovalenko D, Yu HS. Practical Algorisms for PCR-RFLP-Based Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:679-684. [PMID: 29320825 PMCID: PMC5776901 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a causative agent of cystic echinococcosis or cystic hydatid disease in humans and domestic and wild animals. The disease is a serious health problem in countries associated with poverty and poor hygiene practices, particularly in livestock raising. We introduced a practical algorism for genotyping the parasite, which may be useful to many developing countries. To evaluate the efficiency of the algorism, we genotyped 3 unknown strains isolated from human patients. We found that unknowns 1 and 3 were included in G1, G2, and G3 genotypes group and unknown 2 was included in G4 genotype (Echinococcus equinus) according to the algorisms. We confirmed these results by sequencing the 3 unknown isolates cox1 and nad1 PCR products. In conclusion, these new algorisms are very fast genotype identification tools that are suitable for evaluating E. granulosus s.l. isolated from livestock or livestock holders, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Tae-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Korea
| | - Gab-Man Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Uktamjon Suvonkulov
- Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Dmitriy Kovalenko
- Isaev Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Ministry of Health, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Oktaria V, Lee KJ, Bines JE, Watts E, Satria CD, Atthobari J, Nirwati H, Kirkwood CD, Soenarto Y, Danchin MH. Nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and management of acute respiratory illness and diarrhea in the first 6 months of life in infants from two regions of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:211. [PMID: 29268732 PMCID: PMC5740930 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant morbidity and mortality rates remain high in Indonesia, with acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and diarrhea the leading two health problems in children under 5 years. We aimed to describe the nutritional status, feeding practice and case management of ARI and diarrhea of infants from two regions of Indonesia during the first 6 months of life. METHODS This study was an observational study conducted in parallel to an immunogenicity and efficacy trial of an oral rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) in the Klaten and Yogyakarta regions, Indonesia. Mothers were interviewed at 3 time points: within the first 6 days of their infant's life, and at 8-10 and 22-24 weeks of age. Questions asked included pregnancy history, infant nutritional status, feeding status and health of infants within up to 2 weeks prior to the assessment. RESULTS Between February 2013 and January 2014, 233 mother-infant pairs were recruited. 60% (136/223) of infants were exclusively breastfed (EBF) until 6 months of age with the strongest support for EBF reported by mothers themselves 70% (101/223) and 25% (36/223) from their partners. At 6 months, 6% (14/223) of infants were underweight and severely underweight; 4% (8/ 223) wasted and severely wasted; and 12% (28/223) were stunted and severely stunted. Non-recommended medication use was high, with 54% (21/39) of infants with reported cough within 2 weeks of an assessment receiving cough medication, 70% (27 /39) an antihistamine, 26% (10/39) a mucolytic and 15% (6 /39) an oral bronchodilator. At age 22-24 week, infants with reported diarrhea within 2 weeks of an assessment had low use of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) (3/21;14%) and zinc therapy (2/ 21;10%). CONCLUSION In this unique observational study, breastfeeding rates of 60% at 6 months were below the Indonesian national target of >75%. Adherence to WHO guidelines for management of ARI and diarrhea was poor, with high use of non-recommended cough medications and oral bronchodilators in the first 6 months of life and low use of ORS and zinc therapy. Ongoing education of primary health care workers and parents regarding management of common illness is needed in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oktaria
- Pediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ DR Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - K J Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J E Bines
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Watts
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C D Satria
- Pediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ DR Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - J Atthobari
- Pediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ DR Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - H Nirwati
- Pediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ DR Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - C D Kirkwood
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Y Soenarto
- Pediatrics Research Office, Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ DR Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - M H Danchin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (MCRI), The Royal Children Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Yeo CB, Lee KJ, Song C. Angiosome based time series analysis of deep tissue perfusion using diffuse speckle contrast analysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2017:4054-4057. [PMID: 29060787 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An angiosome is a three dimensional volume of biological tissue which a specific artery governs. Although proven useful for vascular surgery, the direct relationship between arterial flow and microcirculation in specific angiosome remains controversial. Here, we present new optical approach, a four-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) which can simultaneously measure blood perfusion at different foot area. Based on the hypothesis that same angiosome will support similar low frequency oscillation, we investigated cross-correlation among different DSCA channels. Our preliminary results show that the LFO signal from the channel closest to posterior tibial artery is leading the signal from the other channels.
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Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Ara J, Begum R, Ahmed MF, Kim CS, Kim SK, Shim KY, Lee KJ. Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:481. [PMID: 29029618 PMCID: PMC5640926 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher's interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. METHODS We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. RESULTS We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance.
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Lee KJ, Jung JS, Mo YM, Yoon YJ, Kim SI. Isolation of Antagonistic Microbes for Biological Control of Ginseng Root Rot. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KJ Lee
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - JS Jung
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - YM Mo
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - YJ Yoon
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - SI Kim
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Yoon YJ, Jeong HN, Jung JS, Lee KJ, Mo YM, Kim SI. Growth characteristics and yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) by irrigation set point in rain shelter house. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YJ Yoon
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - HN Jeong
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - JS Jung
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - KJ Lee
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - YM Mo
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - SI Kim
- Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheorwon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Lee KJ, Vanheel H, Vanuytsel T, Vos R, Tack J. The NO/cGMP pathway in duodenal motor, mechano- and chemosensory responses to acid: A randomized, placebo-controlled study with sildenafil in healthy volunteers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28382697 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered duodenal sensorimotor responses to acid have been reported in a subset of patients with functional dyspepsia. To investigate whether NO is involved in these abnormalities, the effect of sildenafil (activates the NO pathway) on duodenal motor and sensory responses to acid in healthy humans was evaluated. METHODS A barostat-manometry catheter including an infusion tube was positioned in the duodenum of 12 healthy volunteers. Duodenal motility and dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated during the whole study. A first series of stepwise isobaric distensions was performed while participants scored their perception of upper abdominal sensations at the end of every distension step. Next, the duodenum was infused with sildenafil 50 mg or saline, followed by duodenal acid infusion. During duodenal acidification, a second sequence of stepwise isobaric distensions with the assessment of sensations was repeated. KEY RESULTS Acid infusion did not induce dyspeptic symptoms with both placebo and sildenafil pretreatment. Duodenal motility decreased after sildenafil infusion, whereas it was not affected by placebo. Acid-induced increase in motility was, however, observed in both conditions, and no difference between the conditions was found. Duodenal acidification decreased thresholds for discomfort and increased perception scores during duodenal distensions in both groups, but again no difference was observed between placebo and sildenafil pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Sildenafil does not affect duodenal motor, mechanosensory, and chemosensory responses to acid in healthy controls. Therefore, it is less likely that the NO pathway plays a role in the altered response to acid in functional dyspepsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - H Vanheel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Vos
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ara J, Nuwormegbe SA, Sajo MEJ, Kim SK, Shim KY, Lee KJ. Potential therapeutic effect of alkaline reduced water in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:36-39. [PMID: 28673586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by hormonal disturbances including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia culminating into obesity, multiple ovarian cysts and anovulatory infertility in women. There has been no effective medication against PCOS and its complication. However, weight loss can reduce insulin resistance, which in turn helps to restore hormonal balance and ovulation resulting to improved fertility. Previously, we reported that alkaline reduced water (ARW) could significantly reduce obesity by alleviating adiposity, regulating the levels of adipokines/pro-inflammatory cytokines and by inducing cholesterol homeostasis. Herein, we hypothesize that ARW might ameliorate the pathophysiological (hormonal, metabolic, and immunological) imbalances incurred by PCOS, thereby improving the infertility of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Ara
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Ma Easter Joy Sajo
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26426, Republic of Korea; Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Lee KJ, Kwon SJ, Hwang JE, Han SM, Jung I, Kim JB, Choi HI, Ryu J, Kang SY. Genome-wide expression analysis of a rice mutant line under salt stress. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048833. [PMID: 27813582 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is a major environmental stress to plants. In this study, the ability of plants to tolerate salt was investigated by studying growth, physiological characteristics, and expression levels of genes related to the salt-stress response in the salt-tolerant rice mutant (Till-II-877), which was derived from γ-ray irradiation. Compared to plants grown under normal conditions, the height and root length of wild type (WT) were reduced by approximately 40 and 29% following exposure to salt stress for 3 weeks, whereas Till-II-877 line showed 29 and 23% reductions in plant height and root length, respectively. No significant changes were observed in total chlorophyll content, and the malondialdehyde content of the mutant increased less than that of the WT under salt treatment. Gene expression was compared between the WT and mutant lines using microarray analysis. An unbiased analysis of the gene expression datasets allowed us to identify the pathways involved in salt-stress responses. Among the most significantly affected pathways, changes in gene expression were observed in α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism (in lipid metabolism), fructose and mannose metabolism and glycolysis-gluconeogenesis (in carbohydrate metabolism), cysteine and methionine metabolism (in amino acid metabolism), and carbon fixation (in the energy metabolism of photosynthetic organisms) under salt stress. These results show that the differential response of plants subjected to salt stress was due to changes in multiple metabolic pathways. These findings increase our understanding of the effects of salt stress in rice and may aid in the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - S-J Kwon
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea.,Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J E Hwang
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - S M Han
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - I Jung
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - J-B Kim
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - H-I Choi
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - J Ryu
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - S-Y Kang
- Radiation Breeding Research Center, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Lee KJ, Woo JH, Kim E, Xiao Y, Su X, Mazur LM, Attias AJ, Fages F, Cregut O, Barsella A, Mathevet F, Mager L, Wu JW, D'Aléo A, Ribierre JC. Electronic energy and electron transfer processes in photoexcited donor-acceptor dyad and triad molecular systems based on triphenylene and perylene diimide units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7875-87. [PMID: 26911420 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the photophysical properties of organic donor-acceptor dyad and triad molecular systems based on triphenylene and perylene diimide units linked by a non-conjugated flexible bridge in solution using complementary optical spectroscopy techniques. When these molecules are diluted in dichloromethane solution, energy transfer from the triphenylene to the perylene diimide excited moieties is evidenced by time-resolved fluorescence measurements resulting in a quenching of the emission from the triphenylene moieties. Simultaneously, another quenching process that affects the emission from both donor and acceptor units is observed. Solution ultrafast transient absorption measurements provide evidence of photo-induced charge transfer from either the donor or the acceptor depending upon the excitation. Overall, the analysis of the detailed time-resolved spectroscopic measurements carried out in the dyad and triad systems as well as in the triphenylene and perylene diimide units alone provides useful information both to better understand the relations between energy and charge transfer processes with molecular structures, and for the design of future functional dyad and triad architectures based on donor and acceptor moieties for organic optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J H Woo
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and Center for Length, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-340, South Korea
| | - E Kim
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y Xiao
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Universités - Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - X Su
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Universités - Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - L M Mazur
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Universités - Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France and Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A-J Attias
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Universités - Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - F Fages
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - O Cregut
- CNRS-IPCMS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Barsella
- CNRS-IPCMS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Mathevet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Universités - Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - L Mager
- CNRS-IPCMS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France
| | - J W Wu
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A D'Aléo
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - J-C Ribierre
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Jung JY, Woo SM, Kim WJ, Lee BN, Nör JE, Min KS, Choi CH, Koh JT, Lee KJ, Hwang YC. Simvastatin inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules induced by LPS in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2016; 50:377-386. [PMID: 27003335 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of simvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY The effect of LPS and simvastatin on human dental pulp cell (HDPCs) viability was measured using a 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. NF-κB transcription factors were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (anova). RESULTS The viability of cells exposed to different concentrations of E. coli LPS, P. gingivalis LPS and simvastatin was not significantly different compared with that of control cells (P > 0.05). LPS significantly increased interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.05) and IL-6 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P < 0.05) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein expression (P < 0.05) in HDPCs. Treatment with simvastatin significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Treatment with simvastatin decreased LPS-induced expression of p65 and phosphorylation of IκB and also significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB in the cytoplasm and the level of p65 in the nucleus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin has a suppressing effect on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine, cell adhesion molecules and NF-κB transcription factors in HDPCs. Therefore, simvastatin might be a useful candidate as a pulp-capping agent in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S M Woo
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B N Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J E Nör
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K S Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C H Choi
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K J Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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49
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Lee S, Duffy DL, McClenahan P, Lee KJ, McEniery E, Burke B, Jagirdar K, Martin NG, Sturm RA, Soyer HP, Schaider H. Heritability of naevus patterns in an adult twin cohort from the Brisbane Twin Registry: a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:356-63. [PMID: 26871925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heritability of naevi counts is widely acknowledged as a potential surveillance parameter for prevention purposes. The contribution of heritability to the changes seen in naevus number and morphology over time and their corresponding dermoscopic characteristics is unknown, but is important to understand in order to account for adequate prevention measures. OBJECTIVES To identify naevus characteristics that are strongly influenced by heritability. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 220 individuals [76 monozygotic (MZ), 144 dizygotic (DZ)], recruited from the Brisbane Twin Naevus Study. Participants received full body imaging and dermoscopy of naevi ≥ 5 mm in diameter. Dermoscopic type, total naevus count (TNC), change in TNC with age, and naevus distribution, size, colour and profile were compared between MZ and DZ twins. Heritability of these traits was assessed via Falconer's estimate. RESULTS Significant differences were found in comparing MZ and DZ twins for TNC, numbers of naevi 5·0-7·9 mm in diameter, counts of light-brown naevi, naevi on the back and sun-protected sites, and naevi with the 'nonspecific' dermoscopic pattern. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly supports a heritable component to TNC, as well as changes in TNC, and the number of medium-sized naevi, light-brown naevi, specific sites and certain dermoscopic features in adults. These characteristics should be taken into account by naevus surveillance programmes and further studied to identify candidate gene associations for clinical and dermoscopic patterns in conjunction with melanoma risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P McClenahan
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E McEniery
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Burke
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Schaider
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Queenan BN, Lee KJ, Tan H, Huganir RL, Vicini S, Pak DTS. Mapping homeostatic synaptic plasticity using cable properties of dendrites. Neuroscience 2015; 315:206-16. [PMID: 26701298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When chronically silenced, cortical and hippocampal neurons homeostatically upregulate excitatory synaptic function. However, the subcellular position of such changes on the dendritic tree is not clear. We exploited the cable-filtering properties of dendrites to derive a parameter, the dendritic filtering index (DFI), to map the spatial distribution of synaptic currents. Our analysis indicates that young rat cortical neurons globally scale AMPA receptor-mediated currents, while mature hippocampal neurons do not, revealing distinct homeostatic strategies between brain regions and developmental stages. The DFI presents a useful tool for mapping the dendritic origin of synaptic currents and the location of synaptic plasticity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Queenan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - K J Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Research Division, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - H Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - D T S Pak
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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