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Razia S, Park H, Shin E, Shim KS, Cho E, Kang MC, Kim SY. Synergistic effect of Aloe vera flower and Aloe gel on cutaneous wound healing targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway: In-vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 290:115096. [PMID: 35182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae family) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant, that has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, for decades ranging from cancer to skin disorders including wounds. It has been included in the traditional and herbal healthcare systems of many cultures around the world, as well as the pharmacopeia of different countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also confirmed its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, etc. in the consistency of its historical and traditional uses. However, most studies to date are based on the A. vera gel and latex including its wound-healing effects. Very few studies have been focused on its flower, and rarely with its effects on cutaneous wound healing and its molecular mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the synergistic effect of the A. vera flower (AVF) and Aloe gel (PAG) on cutaneous wound-healing, as well as revealing its molecular mechanism targeting microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) and its associated signaling pathway. METHODS To investigate the synergistic effect of A. vera flower and Aloe gel in cutaneous wound healing, cell viability, and cell migration, as well proliferation assay was performed. This was followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses in wounded conditions to check the effects of this mixture on protein and mRNA levels in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated knockdown of MFAP4 in NHDF cells was performed followed by migration assay and cell cycle analysis, to confirm its role in cutaneous wound healing. Additionally, HaCaT cells were included in this study to evaluate its migratory and anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS Based on our obtained results, the PAG and AVF mixture synergistically induced the proliferation, migration, and especially ECM formation of NHDF cells by enhancing the expression of MFAP4. Other extracellular components associated with MFAP4 signaling pathway, such as fibrillin, collagen, elastin, TGF β, and α-SMA, also increased at both the protein and mRNA levels. Subsequently, this mixture initiated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling pathways, and the S-phase of the cell cycle was also slightly modified. Also, the mixture induced the migration of HaCaT cells along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted the crucial role of MFAP4 in cutaneous wound healing in NHDF cells. CONCLUSION This study showed that the mixture of PAG and AVF has significant wound healing effects targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway. Additionally, MFAP4 was recognized as a new potential biomarker of wound healing, which can be confirmed by further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Razia
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Eunju Shin
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Suk Shim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chol Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea.
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Park SY, An KS, Lee B, Kang JH, Jung HJ, Kim MW, Ryu HY, Shim KS, Nam KT, Yoon YS, Oh SH. Establishment of particulate matter-induced lung injury model in mouse. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:20. [PMID: 34330339 PMCID: PMC8323282 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) is one of the principal causes of human respiratory disabilities resulting from air pollution. Animal models have been applied to discover preventive and therapeutic drugs for lung diseases caused by PM. However, the induced severity of lung injury in animal models using PM varies from study to study due to disparities in the preparation of PM, and the route and number of PM administrations. In this study, we established an in vivo model to evaluate PM-induced lung injury in mice. RESULTS PM dispersion was prepared using SRM2975. Reactive oxygen species were increased in MLE 12 cells exposed to this PM dispersion. In vivo studies were conducted in the PM single challenge model, PM multiple challenge model, and PM challenge with ovalbumin-induced asthma using the PM dispersion. No histopathological changes were observed in lung tissues after a single injection of PM, whereas mild to moderate lung inflammation was obtained in the lungs of mice exposed to PM three times. However, fibrotic changes were barely seen, even though transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed the presence of PM particles in the alveolar macrophages and alveolar capillaries. In the OVA-PM model, peribronchial inflammation and mucous hypersecretion were more severe in the OVA+PM group than the OVA group. Serum IgE levels tended to increase in OVA+PM group than in OVA group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a PM-induced lung injury model to examine the lung damage induced by PM. Based on our results, repeated exposures of PM are necessary to induce lung inflammation by PM alone. PM challenge, in the presence of underlying diseases such as asthma, can also be an appropriate model for studying the health effect of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yong Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sup An
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Buhyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeol Ryu
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | | | - Ki Taek Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, South Korea.
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Le Phan TH, Park SY, Jung HJ, Kim MW, Cho E, Shim KS, Shin E, Yoon JH, Maeng HJ, Kang JH, Oh SH. The Role of Processed Aloe vera Gel in Intestinal Tight Junction: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126515. [PMID: 34204534 PMCID: PMC8235210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaky gut is a condition of increased paracellular permeability of the intestine due to compromised tight junction barriers. In recent years, this affliction has drawn the attention of scientists from different fields, as a myriad of studies prosecuted it to be the silent culprit of various immune diseases. Due to various controversies surrounding its culpability in the clinic, approaches to leaky gut are restricted in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding irritating factors, and practicing alternative medicine, including the consumption of supplements. In the current study, we investigate the tight junction-modulating effects of processed Aloe vera gel (PAG), comprising 5–400-kD polysaccharides as the main components. Our results show that oral treatment of 143 mg/kg PAG daily for 10 days improves the age-related leaky gut condition in old mice, by reducing their individual urinal lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio. In concordance with in vivo experiments, PAG treatment at dose 400 μg/mL accelerated the polarization process of Caco-2 monolayers. The underlying mechanism was attributed to enhancement in the expression of intestinal tight junction-associated scaffold protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 at the translation level. This was induced by activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which inhibits the translation repressor 4E-BP1. In conclusion, we propose that consuming PAG as a complementary food has the potential to benefit high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Han Le Phan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Se Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.Y.P.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.Y.P.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Korea; (E.C.); (K.-S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Kyu-Suk Shim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Korea; (E.C.); (K.-S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eunju Shin
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Korea; (E.C.); (K.-S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (S.H.O.); Tel./Fax: +82-32-820-4929 (S.H.O.)
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.H.L.P.); (H.J.J.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-J.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (S.H.O.); Tel./Fax: +82-32-820-4929 (S.H.O.)
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Cha JO, Shim KS, Lee HW, Kim HC. Statistical Prediction of the Peak Point (Time) Required for Release of Maximum Number of Sporocysts after Eimeria Tenella Oocyst Excystation. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JO Cha
- Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - KS Shim
- Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - HW Lee
- Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - HC Kim
- Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Song EJ, Españo E, Nam JH, Kim J, Shim KS, Shin E, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim JK. Adjuvanticity of Processed Aloe vera gel for Influenza Vaccination in Mice. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e31. [PMID: 32895618 PMCID: PMC7458799 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of current influenza vaccines is considered suboptimal, and 1 way to improve the vaccines is using adjuvants. However, the current pool of adjuvants used in influenza vaccination is limited due to safety concerns. Aloe vera, or aloe, has been shown to have immunomodulatory functions and to be safe for oral intake. In this study, we explored the potential of orally administered processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. We first evaluated its adjuvanticity with a split-type pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) Ag by subjecting the mice to lethal homologous influenza challenge. Oral PAG administration with the pH1N1 Ag increased survival rates in mice to levels similar to those of alum and MF59, which are currently used as adjuvants in influenza vaccine formulations. Similarly, oral PAG administration improved the survival of mice immunized with a commercial trivalent influenza vaccine against lethal homologous and heterologous virus challenge. PAG also increased hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization Ab titers against homologous and heterologous influenza strains following immunization with the split-type pH1N1 Ag or the commercial trivalent vaccine. Therefore, this study demonstrates that PAG may potentially be used as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Erica Españo
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea.,Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | | | | | - Young In Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
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Jeon SY, Kim MR, Yu SH, Kim MJ, Shim KS, Shin E, Lee JJ, Lee YC. Combined Extract of Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica Synergistically Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:173-183. [PMID: 32676469 PMCID: PMC7333004 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury caused by oxidative stress is a critical factor in the initial stage of vascular diseases. Thus, identification of more effective antioxidants is a promising strategy to protect against endothelial cell injury. Recently, synergistic effects between phytochemicals have received renewed attention for their role in the treatment of various diseases. Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica are well-known medicinal plants with various biological effects. However, the combination of the two has not previously been studied. Here, we investigated the effects of V. vinifera L. leaf and C. asiatica extract combination (VCEC), a standardized herbal blend comprising V. vinifera L. leaf extract (VE) and C. asiatica extract (CE), for its antioxidant activity and for the protection of endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). VCEC showed higher antioxidant activity than VE or CE in oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays. In HUVECs, VCEC significantly suppressed increases in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased levels of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial-cadherin, and increased endothelial hyperpermeability triggered by H2O2. Treatment with VE or CE alone ameliorated HUVEC injury in a pattern similar to VCEC, although their effects were significantly weaker than VCEC. Overall, VCEC exhibited a substantial synergistic effect on protecting endothelial cells against oxidative damage through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, VCEC could be developed as a potential agent for reducing the risk of vascular diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yeong Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yu
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jeong Jun Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- DR Kang
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - SA Belal
- Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - KD Song
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - C Yoon
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - BY Park
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - KS Shim
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
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8
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Kim MW, Kang JH, Shin E, Shim KS, Kim MJ, Lee CK, Yoon YS, Oh SH. Processed Aloe vera gel attenuates non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injury by enhancing mucin expression. Food Funct 2019; 10:6088-6097. [PMID: 31490512 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well-known for exerting numerous adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract such as bleeding, ulceration, and perforation, thereby limiting their use. Most previous studies have focused on NSAID-induced gastropathy. However, improved diagnostic techniques have recently highlighted NSAID-induced small intestinal ulcers, which have so far been underestimated. While proton pump inhibitors are prescribed to control NSAID-induced gastropathy, few preventive strategies are existent for NSAID-induced small intestinal injury, thus requiring new methods to treat these enteropathies. Numerous studies have reported the beneficial biological effects of Aloe vera, such as wound healing, anti-cancer, immune modulation, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and gastroprotective effects. A previous report on the effect of Aloe vera against NSAID-induced ulcers studied only gastric ulcers and elucidated the results as an anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe vera. However, ulcer prevention cannot be justified entirely to be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of Aloe vera, since NSAIDs themselves also exert an anti-inflammatory reaction. We therefore investigated the anti-ulcer effects of Aloe vera on the small intestine, especially focusing on mucin expression. Our results indicate that processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) treatment attenuates not only the severity of intestinal ulcers but also bacterial translocation, by enhancing the mucus layer in the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage mouse model. We further confirmed that PAG positively regulates the mucin expression in the LS174T human cell line, mainly via the ERK-dependent pathway. We propose that PAG application is a potential strategy for the alleviation of NSAID-induced small intestinal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunju Shin
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Suk Shim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Univera Co., Ltd., Seoul 04782, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
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Zhong X, Surh YJ, Do SG, Shin E, Shim KS, Lee CK, Na HK. Baicalein Inhibits Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Mouse Colitis. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:129-138. [PMID: 31360692 PMCID: PMC6619857 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalein is a bioactive flavone that is originally extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. This plant has long served as Chinese herbal medicine in the management of multiple diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Although it has been revealed that baicalein inhibits experimental colitis in mice, the molecular mechanisms still remain largely unrecognized. Methods The experimental colitis was induced in mice by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. The mice were given baicalein (10 or 25 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days before and after DSS administration. Expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and molecules involved in NF-κB signaling, such as inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), pIκBα, p65, and phospho-p65 was examined by Western blot analysis in the tissue of the mouse colon. Activity of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) was assessed by measuring the relative amount of radioactive γ-phosphate of ATP transferred to the IκBα substrate protein. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 and its target gene cyclin D1 were also measured. Results Baicalein prominently mitigated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. It inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, baicalein attenuated activity and phosphorylation of IKKβ and subsequent degradation of IκBα. Baicalein suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, resulting in a reduced DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Baicalein also suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of cyclin D1. Baicalein exhibited the synergistic effect on inhibition of COX-2 induced by DSS with curcumin, an ingredient of turmeric. Conclusions Protective effects of baicalein on DSS-induced colitis are associated with suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, which may contribute to its cancer preventive effects on colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Zhong
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Belal SA, Kang DR, Cho ESR, Park GH, Shim KS. Taurine Reduces Heat Stress by Regulating the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Broilers Exposed to Chronic Heat. Braz J Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SA Belal
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - DR Kang
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - ESR Cho
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - GH Park
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - KS Shim
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
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Chang SW, Shim KS, Kim YC, Jee KK, Zhu Q, Perinpanayagam H, Kum KY. Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of V taper 2 and V taper 2H rotary NiTi files. Scanning 2016; 38:564-570. [PMID: 26792574 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of conventional NiTi wire (V taper 2, V2) and CM wire (V taper 2H, V2H)-based files. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of V2 and V2H were investigated by measuring the number of cycles to fracture, maximum torque at fracture, and maximum angle at fracture. The typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fractures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The metallurgical characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from -100 °C to 100 °C. The austenite finishing temperature (Af) of each instrument was also measured. The microstructures of the instruments were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) along with selected area diffraction pattern analysis. The results were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test (p = 0.05). V2H showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. SEM images of the fractured surfaces showed typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fracture. The DSC analysis of V2 showed one small peak in both the heating and cooling curves. The Af of V2 was -0.32 °C. V2H showed two remarkable peaks in the heating curve and one remarkable peak in the cooling curve. The Af of V2H was 33.25 °C. The TEM analysis showed that both V2 and V2H are mainly composed of austenite. In conclusion, V2H showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. The superior properties of V2H could be attributed to the annealing effect and possibly the martensite phase. SCANNING 38:564-570, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Jee
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Q Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - H Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - K Y Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National, University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Choi JS, Jin SK, Jeong YH, Jung YC, Jung JH, Shim KS, Choi YI. Relationships between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers and Meat Quality Traits of Duroc Breeding Stocks in Korea. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1229-38. [PMID: 27507182 PMCID: PMC5003982 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationships of five intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ3 subunit [PRKAG3], fatty acid synthase [FASN], calpastatin [CAST], high mobility group AT-hook 1 [HMGA1], and melanocortin-4 receptor [MC4R]) and meat quality traits of Duroc breeding stocks in Korea. A total of 200 purebred Duroc gilts from 8 sires and 40 dams at 4 pig breeding farms from 2010 to 2011 reaching market weight (110 kg) were slaughtered and their carcasses were chilled overnight. Longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from the carcass after 24 h of slaughter and used to determine pork properties including carcass weight, backfat thickness, moisture, intramuscular fat, pH24h, shear force, redness, texture, and fatty acid composition. The PRKAG3, FASN, CAST, and MC4R gene SNPs were significantly associated with the meat quality traits (p<0.003). The meats of PRKAG3 (A 0.024/G 0.976) AA genotype had higher pH, redness and texture than those from PRKAG3 GG genotype. Meats of FASN (C 0.301/A 0.699) AA genotype had higher backfat thickness, texture, stearic acid, oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid than FASN CC genotype. While the carcasses of CAST (A 0.373/G 0.627) AA genotype had thicker backfat, and lower shear force, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid content, they had higher stearic acid content than those from the CAST GG genotype. The MC4R (G 0.208/A 0.792) AA genotype were involved in increasing backfat thickness, carcass weight, moisture and saturated fatty acid content, and decreasing unsaturated fatty acid content in Duroc meat. These results indicated that the five SNP markers tested can be a help to select Duroc breed to improve carcass and meat quality properties in crossbred pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.,Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - S K Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology and Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Y H Jeong
- Hanwoo Department, Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seoul 137-871, Korea
| | - Y C Jung
- Jung P&C Institute, Yongin 446-982, Korea
| | - J H Jung
- Jung P&C Institute, Yongin 446-982, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chunbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Y I Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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13
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Shin D, Cho ESR, Bang HT, Shim KS. Effects of oxygenated or hydrogenated water on growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2679-2684. [PMID: 27422666 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of providing oxygenated and hydrogenated water on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and immunoglobulin concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens. In our investigation, 144 Ross × Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three different treatment groups with four replicates (treatment × replicate × bird = 3 × 4 × 12). All chicks were given one of the following types of water for five weeks: tap water (CON), hydrogenated water (HNW), and oxygenated water (ONW). ONW supplementation increased the final body weight and weight gain and also improved both feed intake and feed conversion of broiler chickens as compared to those of CON broiler chickens (P < 0.05). The abdominal fat and its ratio to the final body weight showed that fat accumulation in the broiler chicken abdomen was reduced when broiler chickens drank only ONW for five weeks (P < 0.05). ONW supplementation improved blood parameters, including triacylglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Additionally, in accordance with a globulin increase in broiler chickens, both IgG and IgM generation were significantly enhanced when ONW was supplied to broiler chickens (P < 0.05) but only a numerical advance was observed in the HNW group (P > 0.05). Both oxygenated and hydrogenated water supplementation significantly improved the antioxidant effects (P < 0.05), and it seems that superoxide dismutase refinement was completed due to oxygen and/or hydrogen enhancement of drinking water. These results indicate that oxygen enhancement of drinking water may be recommended to improve growth performance by increasing immunoglobulins mainly IgG and IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shin
- Berry & Bio Food Research Institute, Gochang 585-943, Republic of Korea
| | - E S R Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - H-T Bang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Poultry Science Division, Cheonan, 331-801, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Kang SN, Shin D, Shim KS. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Meat Quality of Meat Type Ducks Fed with Dried Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) Powder. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:79-85. [PMID: 25557678 PMCID: PMC4283191 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One-day-old Cherry valley meat-strain ducks were used to investigate the effect of supplemental dried oregano powder (DOP) in feed on the productivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and breast meat quality. One hundred sixty five ducks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 42 days. The dietary treatment groups were control group (CON; no antibiotic, no DOP), antibiotic group (ANT; CON+0.1% Patrol), 0.1% DOP (CON+0.1% DOP), 0.5% DOP (CON+0.5% DOP), and 1.0% DOP (CON+1.0% DOP). Upon feeding, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of oregano extracts was higher than that of tocopherol, although it was less than that of ascorbic acid. As a result of in vivo study, DOP in the diet showed no effects on final body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, dietary 0.5% and 1% DOP supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with CON and ANT, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue was increased as compared to ANT (p<0.05). Cooking loss from ducks fed with DOP decreased compared with the control ducks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of duck breast meat at 5 d post slaughter was found to be significantly reduced in ducks whose diets were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% DOP (p<0.05). These results suggest that diets containing 0.5% and 1% DOP may beneficially affect antioxidant enzyme activity of GPx and SOD, improve meat cooking loss, and reduce TBARS values in breast meat at 5 d of storage in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea
| | - S N Kang
- Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea
| | - D Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chunchoen 200-702, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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15
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Shin E, Shim KS, Kong H, Lee S, Shin S, Kwon J, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim K. Dietary Aloe Improves Insulin Sensitivity via the Suppression of Obesity-induced Inflammation in Obese Mice. Immune Netw 2011; 11:59-67. [PMID: 21494375 PMCID: PMC3072676 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is an integral feature of metabolic syndromes, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we evaluated whether the aloe component could reduce obesity-induced inflammation and the occurrence of metabolic disorders such as blood glucose and insulin resistance. Methods Male C57BL/6 obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 54 days received a supplement of aloe formula (PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and Aloe QDM complex) or pioglitazone (PGZ) and were compared with unsupplemented controls (high-fat diet; HFD) or mice fed a regular diet (RD). RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to quantify the expression of obesity-induced inflammation. Results Aloe QDM lowered fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin compared with HFD. Obesity-induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, -6, -12, TNF-α) and chemokine (CX3CL1, CCL5) mRNA and protein were decreased markedly, as was macrophage infiltration and hepatic triglycerides by Aloe QDM. At the same time, Aloe QDM decreased the mRNA and protein of PPARγ/LXRα and 11β-HSD1 both in the liver and WAT. Conclusion Dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance not only by suppressing inflammatory responses but also by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The effect of Aloe QDM complex in the WAT and liver are related to its dual action on PPARγ and 11β-HSD1 expression and its use as a nutritional intervention against T2D and obesity-related inflammation is suggested.
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Kong HS, Lee SW, Shin SM, Kwon JH, Jo TH, Shin EJ, Shim KS, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim KJ. Down-Regulation of Adipogenesis and Hyperglycemia in Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model by Aloe QDM. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Moon YJ, Cheon HJ, Lee WC, Kim HY, Oh ST, Shin EJ, Shim KS, Lee SM. Protective Effect of ACTIValoe N-931 Complex, a Mixture of Aloe vera and Silybum marianum, on Experimental Acute Liver Injury. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2008.16.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Bae JH, Oh MM, Shim KS, Cheon J, Lee JG, Kim JJ, Moon DG. The Effects of Long-Term Administration of Oral Desmopressin on the Baseline Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone and Serum Sodium Concentration for the Treatment of Nocturia: A Circadian Study. J Urol 2007; 178:200-3. [PMID: 17499799 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the effects of long-term oral desmopressin on serum sodium and baseline antidiuretic hormone secretion in elderly patients with nocturia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 elderly male patients with severe nocturia (greater than 3 voids nightly) who did not show hyponatremia within 7 days of administration of 0.2 mg desmopressin were enrolled in this study. Desmopressin (0.2 mg) was administered orally nightly for 1 year. Before and 1 month after the 1-year medication 24-hour circadian studies were performed to monitor changes in antidiuretic hormone. Every 3 months during the 1-year medication serum changes and timed urine chemistry were monitored. RESULTS Desmopressin significantly decreased nocturnal urine output and the number of nocturia episodes (p<0.01). Compared to before treatment desmopressin gradually decreased serum sodium and induced statistically but not clinically significant hyponatremia after 6 months of treatment. After discontinuing desmopressin serum sodium returned to the normal range in all patients. There were no significant differences when baseline and posttreatment endogenous antidiuretic hormone were compared. No serious systemic complications were found during medication. CONCLUSIONS Long-term desmopressin administration gradually decreased the serum concentration and induced significant hyponatremia from 6 months in patients who did not show initial hyponatremia. Long-term administration of desmopressin for 1 year in elderly patients did not affect baseline antidiuretic hormone secretion. For long-term desmopressin administration serum sodium should be assessed regularly, at least every 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, and Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Cho SK, Jung KW, Jeung JU, Kang KH, Shim KS, You MK, Yoo KS, Ok SH, Shin JS. Analysis of differentially expressed transcripts from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2005; 24:59-67. [PMID: 15635457 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A subtracted library was constructed from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta) by suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. To screen the differentially expressed transcripts in the library, we applied a cDNA microarray containing 960 random clones in a reverse Northern blot analysis using cDNA probes prepared from the mRNAs of control and planthopper-infested samples. On the basis of the signal intensities and expression ratios obtained from experiments performed in triplicate, we selected 383 clones. The elevated expression levels and overall profiles over time were verified by Northern blot analysis. Although Southern blot analysis showed similar copy numbers of the screened genes in O. minuta and O. sativa, it also revealed that the expression profiles had a different pattern. Functional categorization placed the identified transcripts in the categories of subcellular localization, metabolism, and protein fate. The presence of these expressed sequence tags implies that resistance of O. minuta to insect infestation can be achieved not only by an elevated expression of defense-related genes but also by enhanced metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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20
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Cho SK, Ok SH, Jeung JU, Shim KS, Jung KW, You MK, Kang KH, Chung YS, Choi HC, Moon HP, Shin JS. Comparative analysis of 5,211 leaf ESTs of wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:839-847. [PMID: 14968263 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) presented in this report are the first transcriptomes of wild rice. A cDNA library was constructed from 4-week-old leaf samples of greenhouse-grown Oryza minuta. The 5,211 cDNA clones of O. minuta represent 3,401 unique sequences, consisting of 2,787 singletons and 614 assembled sequences. Database comparisons of the cDNAs in GenBank's non-redundant databases using BLAST revealed that 4,957 of the 5,211 cDNAs (95.1%) showed a high degree of sequence homology to genes from other organisms. Most of the transcripts identified were genes related to metabolism, energy, protein biosynthesis and subcellular localization. The metabolism and energy categories of the O. minuta ESTs showed a considerably higher gene expression level than those of O. sativa ESTs. These data and genes can be utilized in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 136-701 Seou, Korea
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21
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Shim KS, Cho SK, Jeung JU, Jung KW, You MK, Ok SH, Chung YS, Kang KH, Hwang HG, Choi HC, Moon HP, Shin JS. Identification of fungal ( Magnaporthe grisea) stress-induced genes in wild rice ( Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:599-607. [PMID: 14648106 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Revised: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 10/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To identify fungal stress-related genes in wild rice, Oryza minuta, we constructed a subtracted library using suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. DNA chips containing 960 randomly selected cDNA clones were applied by reverse Northern analysis to eliminate false positive clones from the library and to prescreen differentially expressed genes. In total, 377 cDNA clones were selected on the basis of their signal intensities and expression ratios. Sequence analyses of these 377 cDNA fragments revealed that 180 of them (47.7%) represented unique genes. Of these 180 cDNAs, 89 clones (49.6%) showed significant homologies to previously known genes, while the remaining 91 did not match any known sequences. The putative functions of the 180 unique ESTs were categorized by aligning them with MIPS data. They were classified into seven different groups using microarray data-derived expression patterns and verified by Northern blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 136-701 Seoul, Korea
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22
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Kim HJ, Jung HS, Kwak HH, Shim KS, Hu KS, Park HD, Park HW, Chung IH. The discomallear ligament and the anterior ligament of malleus: An anatomic study in human adults and fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26:39-45. [PMID: 14564479 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-003-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2002] [Accepted: 01/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to some reports, movement of the malleus, resulting from anterior hypertension on the discomallear ligament (DML), could produce aural symptoms related with damage to middle ear structures. The aim of this study was to examine the topographic relationship of the DML and the anterior ligament of malleus (ALM). Four fetuses and 16 adult hemi-sectioned heads were used to determine the anatomic-clinical relevance of DML and ALM in temporomandibular disorder. In fetal specimens, the DML was distinctly interposed between the malleus and the disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the ALM had a structure apparently composed of the superior and inferior lamellae, running anteriorly in continuation with the sphenomandibular ligament (SML) through the future petrotympanic fissure (PTF). In all adult specimens, the DML was inserted into the malleus, and it expanded broadly toward the disc and capsular region of the TMJ in a triangular shape and inserted into the disc and capsule of the TMJ. The two-lamellae structure of the ALM was not distinguishable in adult specimens. The overstretched ALM resulted in movement of the malleus in five cases, but similar tension applied to the DML did not cause any movement of the malleus. This result provides an indication of the clinical significance of the ALM, a ligamentous structure continuous with the SML. It is apparent that the ALM has the potential to cause aural symptoms as a result of damage to the middle ear structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Histology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, 120-752 Seoul, Korea.
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Cheon MS, Shim KS, Kim SH, Hara A, Lubec G. Protein levels of genes encoded on chromosome 21 in fetal Down syndrome brain: Challenging the gene dosage effect hypothesis (Part IV). Amino Acids 2003; 25:41-7. [PMID: 12836057 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-003-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic disorder with mental retardation and caused by trisomy 21. Although the molecular mechanisms of the various phenotypes of DS could be due to overexpression of gene(s) on chromosome 21, several groups have challenged this gene dosage effect hypothesis. The near completion of the sequencing of human chromosome 21 provides unprecedented opportunities to understand the molecular pathology of DS, however, functional information on gene products is limited so far. We therefore evaluated the levels of six proteins whose genes are encoded on chromosome 21 (trefoil factor 1, trefoil factor 2, trefoil factor 3, coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor, carbonyl reductase 1 and interferon- alpha receptor) in fetal cerebral cortex from DS and controls at the early second trimester using Western blot analysis. None of the investigated proteins showed overexpression in DS compared to controls suggesting that these proteins are not involved in abnormal development of fetal DS brain and that DS phenotype can not be simply explained by the gene dosage effect hypothesis. We are systematically quantifying all proteins whose genes are encoded on chromosome 21 and these studies may provide a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fishel R, Acharya S, Berardini M, Bocker T, Charbonneau N, Cranston A, Gradia S, Guerrette S, Heinen CD, Mazurek A, Snowden T, Schmutte C, Shim KS, Tombline G, Wilson T. Signaling mismatch repair: the mechanics of an adenosine-nucleotide molecular switch. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2003; 65:217-24. [PMID: 12760035 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fishel
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Shim KS, Bergelson JM, Furuse M, Ovod V, Krude T, Lubec G. Reduction of chromatin assembly factor 1 p60 and C21orf2 protein, encoded on chromosome 21, in Down syndrome brain. J Neural Transm Suppl 2003:117-28. [PMID: 15068244 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6721-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, resulting from triplication of the whole or distal part of human chromosome 21. Overexpression of genes located on chromosome 21, as a result of extra gene load, has been considered a central hypothesis for the explanation of the DS phenotype. This gene dosage hypothesis has been challenged, however. We have therefore decided to study proteins whose genes are encoded on chromosome 21 in brain of patients with DS and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as all patients with DS from the fourth decade show Alzheimer-related neuropathology. Using immunoblotting we determined Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), Claudin-8, C21orf2, Chromatin assembly factor 1 p60 subunit (CAF-1 p60) in frontal cortex from DS, AD and control patients. Significant reduction of C21orf2 and CAF-1 p60, but comparable expression of CAR and claudin-8 was observed in DS but all proteins were comparable to controls in AD, even when related to NSE levels to rule out neuronal cell loss or actin to normalise versus a housekeeping protein. Reduced CAF-1 p60 may reflect impaired DNA repair most probably due to oxidative stress found as early as in fetal life continuing into adulthood. The decrease of C21orf2 may represent mitochondrial dysfunction that has been reported repeatedly and also data on CAR and claudin-8 are not supporting the gene-dosage hypothesis at the protein level. As aberrant expression of the four proteins was not found in brains of patients with AD, decreased CAF and C21orf2 can be considered specific for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Shim KS, Ferrando-Miguel R, Lubec G. Aberrant protein expression of transcription factors BACH1 and ERG, both encoded on chromosome 21, in brains of patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Advances in Down Syndrome Research 2003:39-49. [PMID: 15068237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6721-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder associated with early mental retardation and patients inevitably develop Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes. The molecular defects underlying the DS-phenotype may be due to overexpression of genes encoded on chromosome 21. This so-called gene dosage hypothesis is still controversial and demands systematic work on protein expression. A series of transcription factors (TF) are encoded on chromosome 21 and are considered to play a pathogenetic role in DS. We therefore decided to study brain expression of TF encoded on chromosome 21 in patients with DS and AD compared to controls: Frontal cortex of 6 male DS patients, 6 male patients with AD and 6 male controls were used for the experiments. Immunoblotting was used to determine protein levels of TF BACH1, ERG, SIM2 and RUNX1. SIM2 and RUNX1 were comparable between groups, while BACH1 was significantly reduced in DS, and ERG was increased in DS and AD as compared to controls. These findings may indicate that DS pathogenesis cannot be simply explained by the gene dosage effect hypothesis and that results of ERG expression in DS were paralleling those in AD probably reflecting a common pathogenetic mechanism possibly explaining why all DS patients develop AD like neuropathology from the fourth decade. We conclude that TF derangement is not only due to the process of neurodegeneration and propose that TFs BACH1 and ERG play a role for the development of AD-like neuropathology in DS and pathogenesis of AD per se and the manifold increase of ERG in both disorders may form a pivotal pathogenetic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Kim HG, Lee GW, Lee DH, Hwang IG, Shim KS, Lee WS, Lee JD, Jang JS, Hwang YS, Lee JS. Combination Chemotherapy with Mitomycin C, Vinorelbine, and Cisplatin (MVrP) in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2001; 33:377-84. [PMID: 26680811 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase II study was conducted in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination chemotherapy regimen of mitomycin C, vinorelbine, and cisplatin (MVrP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between June 1996 and December 2000, fifty-nine patients with unresectable stage IIIB to IV, pathologically documented NSCLC were enrolled in this study. One cycle consisted of mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 & 15, and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 i.v day 1 and the next cycle consisted of vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 i.v. days 29 & 43, and cisplatin 80 mg/m2 i.v day 29. Each cycle was alternated and treatments were repeated every 8 weeks. RESULTS We were able to evaluate fifty-three of 59 patients. Objective responses were seen in 22 (41.5%) patients (CR 0%, PR 41.5%). The median duration of response was 13.7 weeks and the median time to progression was 17.7 weeks. The median overall survival was 45.6 weeks. There was a significantly longer survival seen in responders (p=0.041). The toxicities of this regimen were acceptable without treatment related toxic death. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a combination regimen of mitomycin C, vinorelbine, and cisplatin is relatively effective and well tolerated for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
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Abstract
Exonucleolytic degradation of DNA is an essential part of many DNA metabolic processes including DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and recombination. Human exonuclease I (hExoI) is a member of a family of conserved 5' --> 3' exonucleases, which are implicated in these processes by genetic studies. Here, we demonstrate that hExoI binds strongly to hMLH1, and we describe interaction regions between hExoI and the MMR proteins hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMLH1. In addition, hExoI forms an immunoprecipitable complex with hMLH1/hPMS2 in vivo. The study of interaction regions suggests a biochemical mechanism of the involvement of hExoI as a downstream effector in MMR and/or DNA recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmutte
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Choi JH, Kim HC, Lim HY, Nam DK, Kim HS, Yi SY, Shim KS, Han WS. Detection of transforming growth factor-alpha in the serum of gastric carcinoma patients. Oncology 1999; 57:236-41. [PMID: 10545793 DOI: 10.1159/000012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and it is overexpressed in various malignancies including lung, esophageal, colorectal, ovarian and gastric carcinomas. In patients with gastric carcinoma, its overexpression may be associated with advanced stage or poor prognosis. We have recently demonstrated that the mean serum level for EGFR in gastric carcinoma patients was significantly elevated compared with that of healthy controls. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of TGF-alpha were determined in serum from 40 patients with gastric carcinoma (5 patients with stage I, 2 stage II, 4 stage III, and 29 stage IV patients) and 33 healthy controls. The mean serum level for TGF-alpha in the gastric carcinoma patients was significantly elevated as compared with that of healthy controls (104 +/- 235 vs. 22 +/- 16 pg/ml; p = 0.03). Eleven patients with gastric carcinoma (27.5%) showed elevated serum TGF-alpha levels above the cutoff value of 54 pg/ml (defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean of the control group). No significant association was noted between the positivity of TGF-alpha and clinicopathologic characteristics including gender, age and stage. However, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a higher positivity of serum TGF-alpha (43.8%) compared with other histologic types, which was marginally significant (p = 0.06). These results suggest that serum TGF-alpha could be useful as a tumor marker of gastric carcinoma for predicting prognosis and follow-up after surgery in patients whose initial serum TGF-alpha levels are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<554::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3%3c554::aid-cncr6%3e3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999; 85:554-61. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<554::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Park BW, Yi SY, Choi JH, Han WS, Park EB. Increased serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:219-24. [PMID: 9556248 DOI: 10.1007/bf02238252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer and to investigate the clinical significance of these levels in association with tumor stage and histologic differentiation. Also, serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were measured after curative surgical resection. METHODS Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were measured in 42 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer before surgery, in 21 patients after surgical resection (part of the 42 preoperative patients), and in 20 healthy volunteers. We used TGF-alpha Assay. RESULTS Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Significant elevations in serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were found in 50 percent (21/42) of patients with colorectal cancer when the mean + 2 standard deviations (80.4 pg/ml) of the control group were used as the upper limit of the normal range. Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha tended to decrease with increasing tumor size (n = 31; r = -0.52; P = 0.002). Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha before surgery (89.7 +/- 44.4 pg/ml; n = 21) significantly decreased to 60.3 +/- 19.8 pg/ml after surgical resections of tumors (P = 0.017). Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha completely decreased to the same serum levels of the control group after surgical resections in all patients who had serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha greater than mean + 2 standard deviations (80.4 pg/ml) of the control group preoperatively (n = 11; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Levels of preoperative transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer appeared to be higher than levels measured in control subjects. Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha before surgery significantly decreased after surgical resections of tumors. Additional studies are warranted to determine if serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha may be useful as a potential biomarker in the management of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We have examined the serum levels of the mutant p53 protein in patients with colorectal cancer preoperatively (n=50), and in patients with adenomatous polyp (n=13). Mutant p53 protein in patients after curative surgical resection of colorectal cancer (n=26, part of the fifty preoperative patients) was also measured. Serum samples were stored frozen at -70 degrees C until the time of analysis. We used the p53 mutant ELISA (QIA03, CALBIOCHEM) system. Serum levels of the mutant p53 protein in patients with colorectal cancer (mean=0.97+/-0.14 ng/ml, ranged from 0.7 ng/ml to 1.37 ng/ml, n=50) were significantly greater than those in patients with adenomatous polyp (mean=0.73+/-0.06 ng/ml, ranged from 0.69 ng/ml to 0.83 ng/ml) (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum p53 levels and CA19-9 levels (p<0.01). Serum levels of the mutant p53 protein prior to surgery (mean=0.97+/-0.13 ng/ml, n=26) significantly decreased after surgical resection of tumor (mean=0.82+/-0.07 ng/ml) (p<0.001, paired t-test). These results suggest that mutant p53 protein might be used as a potential biomarker in the management of patients with colorectal cancer. Further study is warranted to establish its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Choi JH, Oh JY, Ryu SK, Kim SJ, Lee NY, Kim YS, Yi SY, Shim KS, Han WS. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor in the serum of gastric carcinoma patients. Cancer 1997; 79:1879-83. [PMID: 9149012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in various malignancies including carcinoma of the breast, lung, esophagus, cervix, and stomach. In patients with gastric carcinoma, its overexpression may be associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. METHODS The levels of EGFR extracellular domain were determined in serum from 40 gastric carcinoma patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum EGFR levels were measured in 5 Stage I, 2 Stage II, 6 Stage III, and 27 Stage IV patients, and 29 healthy controls. RESULTS The mean serum level for EGFR in the gastric carcinoma patients was significantly elevated compared with that of healthy controls (681 +/- 226 fmol/mL vs. 440 +/- 46 fmol/mL; P < 0.0001). Thirty-one patients with gastric carcinoma (77.5%) showed elevated EGFR levels above a cutoff value of 532 fmol/mL (defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean of the controls). No significant association was noted between positivity of EGFR and gender, age, stage, and tumor differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe that serum EGFR could be useful as a tumor marker of gastric carcinoma for diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up after surgery, and monitoring patient response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer with bone metastasis as initial manifestation is a very rare event. We have reported a case of rectal cancer presenting with sternal metastasis. A 30 year-old man was evaluated due to pain in the sternal area with a bulging mass. History and physical examination did not suggest any specific disease. A radionuclide bone scan revealed increased uptake in the sternal area, right 6th rib, and sacrum. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen from the sternum showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. A barium enema and CT scan of the pelvis suggested carcinoma of the upper rectum. Adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction area was demonstrated by colonoscopic examination with biopsy. He received palliative transverse colostomy for obstruction without further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We report a case of hepatic cavernous hemangioma with computed tomographic findings of well demarcated nodular lesser attenuation foci within the main low attenuation mass on precontrast scans and non-enhancement of the foci even on the delayed contrast scans. These have been described as one of the atypical findings of cavernous hemangioma earlier in the literature. Surgery proved that sclerosis accounted for the hypodense nodular densities within the hepatic cavernous hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Suwon, Korea
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Yoon SK, Kim SS, Park YM, Shim KS, Lee CD, Sun HS, Park DH, Kim BS, Ryu WS, Cho JM. Predictive factors for beneficial response to interferon-alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Korean J Intern Med 1995; 10:94-102. [PMID: 7495780 PMCID: PMC4532038 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1995.10.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon is the only established treatment for chronic hepatitis C but the host-dependent or virus-related factors affecting the response rate to interferon therapy are not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors predictive of response to interferon-alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized to three regimens of interferon-alfa: group A (n = 7, 3 MU every day for 3 months), group B (n = 8, 3 MU every other day for 3 months) and group C (n = 10, 3 MU every other day for 6 months). We quantified serum HC RNA levels by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and performed HCV genotyping using type-specific primers deduced form the NS5 region of the HCV genome. We also attempted to identify which demographic, biochemical and histologic factors in addition to virus-related factors would significantly predict beneficial response to interferon by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Sustained responders were 8 (36.4%), nonsustained responders were 2 (9.1%) and nonresponders were 12 (54.5%) of 22 patients who had received complete therapy. The initial HCV RNA level (logarithmic transformed copy numbers per ml of serum) in sustained responders (5.75 +/- 0.39) was significantly lower than that of nonsustained responders (6.80 +/- 0.71) and nonresponders (6.70 +/- 0.52) (p < 0.05). In multivariate multiple logistic regression analysis, the serum HCV RNA level before therapy was only the independent predictor of a sustained response to interferon-alfa therapy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum HCV RNA level before therapy was the most useful predictor of a sustained response to interferon-alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Suh JM, Baeg NJ, Yang YS, Kim BS. Post-inflammatory polyps of esophagus: a rare sequela of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varix. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39:861-2. [PMID: 8293932 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(93)70298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shim KS, Suh JM, Yang YS, Choi JY, Park YH. Three-dimensional demonstration and endoscopic treatment of pancreaticoperitoneal fistula. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:1775-9. [PMID: 8213724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An alcoholic man presented with bloody ascites, which was confirmed as pancreatic ascites complicating chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography [ERP] demonstrated a ductal disruption at the head of the pancreas, a fistulous tract, and extravasation to the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, a computerized tomographic scan subsequent to the endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP-CT scan) gave the three-dimensional anatomy of the fistulous tract by the residual contrast media in the pancreatic duct and the fistulous tract. The pancreatic ascites, which was refractory to conventional medical treatment of a 5-wk duration, was successfully treated by endoscopic placement of a pancreatic stent and administration of a somatostatin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology, St. Vincent Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Suwon, Korea
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Balart LA, Perrillo R, Roddenberry J, Regenstein F, Shim KS, Shieh YS, Taylor B, Dash S, Gerber MA. Hepatitis C RNA in liver of chronic hepatitis C patients before and after interferon alfa treatment. Gastroenterology 1993; 104:1472-7. [PMID: 8482458 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90358-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alfa is frequently followed by relapse. Because loss of hepatitis C viral RNA (HCV-RNA) in serum is not predictive of sustained response, the loss of HCV-RNA in liver as a predictor of sustained response was investigated. METHODS Twenty-one patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant interferon alpha had HCV-RNA sequences determined in frozen liver tissue before and after treatment and in serum at the end of treatment. Reverse double polymerase chain reaction was used to detect sequences to the 5' nontranslated region of the HCV genome using double nested primers. RESULTS HCV-RNA disappeared in the liver in 10 of 11 (91%) complete responders whereas it remained detectable in the liver or serum of 7 of 8 (87%) nonresponders. Five complete responders relapsed biochemically during 6 month's follow-up; 4 of these had no detectable HCV-RNA in liver at end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Disappearance of HCV-RNA in liver correlates with initial clinical outcome, but as previously reported with serum HCV-RNA, this loss does not necessarily allow prediction of a sustained response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Balart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Lee DH, Kim SS, Kim KI, Ahn JY, Shim KS, Nishigai M, Ikai A, Tamura T, Tanaka K, Ichihara A. Structure and properties of the 26S protease complex from chick skeletal muscle. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1993; 30:121-30. [PMID: 8358324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The 26S protease complex was purified from chick skeletal muscle and shown to consist of unusually heterogeneous 21-140 kDa polypeptides, including the 21-32 kDa subunits of the 20S proteasome. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the 26S complex may have a symmetric morphology with two large rectangular terminal domains attached to a thinner central 20S proteasome domain. The 26S complex was capable of degrading the peptide substrates of the 20S proteasome, including Suc-LLVY-AMC, N-Cbz-LLE-NA and N-Cbz-ARR-MNA. The two enzyme complexes showed similar sensitivities to various site-specific protease inhibitors, although their sensitivities to SDS were differed from each other. Immunoprecipitation with anti-26S complex antibody reduced peptide hydrolysis by the 20S proteasome. Similarly, anti-20S proteasome antibody inhibited peptide hydrolysis by the 26S complex. These results demonstrate that the 26S protease complex contains the 20S proteasome as a functional and structural component.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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Thung SN, Shim KS, Shieh YS, Schwartz M, Theise N, Borcich A, Katz E, Miller C, Gerber MA. Hepatitis C in liver allografts. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993; 117:145-9. [PMID: 8381267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent or intercurrent hepatitis C represents significant problems in patients with liver transplants and must be differentiated from hepatic allograft rejection and other conditions affecting allografts. Often, the currently available anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) tests are not helpful in the differential diagnosis, because preexisting anti-HCV may persist after transplantation or its development may be delayed. We determined the presence of HCV RNA by the reverse double polymerase chain reaction in biopsy specimens of liver allografts from nine patients with acute or chronic hepatitis of uncertain origin and from three patients with cellular allograft rejection. The NS3 region sequences of HCV were detected in seven of nine liver allograft biopsy specimens 6 weeks to 20 months after transplantation. Hepatitis C virus RNA was not detected in two patients. One of these patients was anti-HCV positive, showing mild acute hepatitis 5 weeks after transplantation. Anti-HCV was present in three patients with detectable HCV RNA in the liver but was absent from four other patients with HCV RNA. These findings suggest that HCV is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis following liver transplantation, that detection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in the liver biopsy specimen represents a reliable method for the diagnosis of hepatitis C in liver allografts, and that in some patients HCV may be acquired during transplantation while in others it may represent a recurrent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Thung
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, NY 10029
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Gerber MA, Shieh YS, Shim KS, Thung SN, Demetris AJ, Schwartz M, Akyol G, Dash S. Detection of replicative hepatitis C virus sequences in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1992; 141:1271-7. [PMID: 1334635 PMCID: PMC1886767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several serologic studies suggest that infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we examined tumor tissue and/or the surrounding liver of 20 patients for viral sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 12 cases, liver and tumor tissues were separable for extraction. RNA was extracted from frozen tissues and used as a template for reverse transcription followed by double PCR with nested primers for the 5'-untranslated (NT) and nonstructural NS3 regions of HCV. In addition, the tissue extracts were tested by single PCR for X gene and S gene sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV). NT region sequences of HCV were detected in the available tumor tissue of all anti-HCV-positive patients except for one. Negative (replicative) strands of HCV RNA were found in the same tissues as positive (genomic) strands at almost the same relative amounts, suggesting replication of HCV in the tumor tissue rather than contamination by HCV-positive blood. HBV X and S sequences were demonstrated in two tumors, but were absent from three tumors that were surrounded by liver tissues with HBV X sequences. One patient had nucleic acids of both viruses in tumor tissue. These observations suggest that in addition to HBV, HCV may play a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gerber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699
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Shieh YS, Shim KS, Lampertico P, Balart LA, Jeffers LJ, Thung SN, Regenstein F, Reddy KR, Farr G, Schiff ER. Detection of hepatitis C virus sequences in liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction. J Transl Med 1991; 65:408-11. [PMID: 1656140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sensitive assays for serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV/anti-HCV) have been developed recently, the relation of anti-HCV to HCV infection of the liver has not been clarified. Therefore, we determined the presence of HCV RNA by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in liver biopsy specimens of 21 patients with chronic liver disease and 5 control patients. RNA was extracted from frozen liver tissues by the guanidinium method, HCV cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and core region and NS3 region sequences were amplified by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the reaction was significantly enhanced by double PCR with nested primers followed by Southern blotting with an HCV specific oligomer probe. NS3 region sequences were detected in the liver specimens of 12 out of 15 anti-HCV positive patients. Core region sequences were detected in 9 patients, all of whom were also positive for NS3 region sequences. HCV sequences were not detected in 11 anti-HCV negative patients. In all cases, the integrity of the extracted RNA was demonstrated by successful amplification of albumin mRNA as internal control. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the reverse transcription-double PCR method followed by Southern blotting for the detection of HCV sequences in liver tissues. In this system, the detection rate of NS3 region sequences is higher than that of core region sequences. There is a statistically significant correlation between high titer anti-HCV antibodies in serum and NS3 region sequences in liver tissue. However, not all anti-HCV positive patients had HCV positive hepatitis. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for HCV sequences on liver tissue extracts may reveal valuable information on the diagnosis of HCV infection and the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Shieh
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Chen ML, Shieh YS, Shim KS, Gerber MA. Comparative studies on the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in frozen and paraffin sections by the polymerase chain reaction. Mod Pathol 1991; 4:555-8. [PMID: 1758869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely sensitive technique that has been used for detection of DNA sequences in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. In order to verify that hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences are adequately preserved in routinely processed liver tissues, we performed PCR with five different primer pairs for HBV sequences on DNA extracted by two different methods from paraffin and frozen liver sections. The amount of PCR products obtained with DNA templates extracted by the proteinase K-SDS method from frozen sections was significantly larger than that from paraffin sections. However, boiling of deparaffinized sections in water containing Chelex-100 resulted in ample amounts of PCR products irrespective of the primers used. On Southern blots, the location of the bands of amplified DNA obtained by the different methods was consistent with the predicted size, suggesting that the viral sequences had not been altered by processing. Although freezing of fresh tissue yields quantitatively more HBV DNA, formalin fixation qualitatively preserves the viral DNA sequences adequately for detection by PCR. Therefore, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues may be used for the detection of viral DNA sequences by PCR. Application of the described procedure to routinely processed tissues significantly broadens the applicability of this powerful diagnostic and investigative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Abstract
Ten patients with severe chronic type B hepatitis confirmed by liver biopsy were treated with prednisolone for eight weeks and followed up for more than one year. The patients were comprised of 6 males and 4 females, ages 17 to 45 (mean 32) yrs. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated more than one month before the treatment in all (mean: 379 U/L, range: 87 to 772 U/L). Initial serological tests showed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in all and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) in 7/10 (70%). Liver biopsy showed severe chronic active hepatitis with confluent necrosis or acinar hepatitis in all. Prednisolone, 60 mg/day, was administered initially and the dose was tapered every 2 weeks over the 8 weeks period. Two to six months after cessation of treatment, 5 of 10 patients showed a disappearance of HBeAg and serum HBV-DNA and return of serum ALT level to normal (responders). The initial serum ALT level in responders was slightly higher than that of non-responders (mean: 404 vs. 355 U/L), but there was no statistical significance. Among 5 responders, serum HBV-DNA was detected in three patients initially and was transiently detected in one patient during treatment. In non-responders, HBeAg persisted during and after the treatment and serum HBV-DNA persisted in three, but serum ALT was decreased in all. One patient who did not show any clinical or serological improvement, died of jaundice, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy 4 months later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Um KY, Shim KS, Yoo KH. [The relation of the dental midline to the facial median line]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1986; 24:161-9. [PMID: 3458856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rhee CG, Kim SN, Yim SK, Ha WC, Shim KS. [The clinical efficacy of chymoral in oral surgery]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1971; 9:601-5. [PMID: 5292308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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