1
|
Jensen VF, Damborg P, Norström M, Nonnemann B, Slettemeås JS, Smistad M, Sølverød L, Turnidge J, Urdahl AM, Veldman K, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Astrup LB. Estimation of epidemiological cut-off values for eight antibiotics used for treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109994. [PMID: 38281323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing are lacking for most antimicrobials used for bovine streptococcal mastitis. The objectives of this study were to determine (tentative) epidemiological cut-off ((T)ECOFF) values for clinically relevant antibiotics used for treatment of bovine mastitis, and to estimate the proportion of acquired resistance (non-wild-types) in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. A total of 255 S. uberis and 231 S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolates were obtained in Denmark and Norway from bovine mastitis. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics using broth microdilution. In accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standard operating procedure, additional published MIC distributions were included for the estimation of ECOFFs for cloxacillin, cephapirin, lincomycin and tylosin, and TECOFFs for amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cephapirin and oxytetracycline. The proportion of non-wild-type (NWT) isolates for the beta-lactams was significantly higher in the Danish S. uberis (45-55%) compared to the Norwegian isolates (10-13%). For oxytetracycline, the proportion of NWT was significantly higher in the Danish isolates, both for S. uberis (28% vs. 3%) and S. dysgalactiae (22% vs. 0%). A bridging study testing in parallel MICs in a subset of isolates (n = 83) with the CLSI-specified and the EUCAST-specified broths showed excellent correlation between the MICs obtained with the two methods. The new ECOFFs and TECOFFs proposed in this study can be used for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, and - for antimicrobials licensed for streptococcal bovine mastitis - as surrogate clinical breakpoints for predicting their clinical efficacy for this indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Madelaine Norström
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Bettina Nonnemann
- Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Marit Smistad
- Tine Mastitis Laboratory, Boks 2039, 6402 Molde, Norway
| | - Liv Sølverød
- Tine Mastitis Laboratory, Boks 2039, 6402 Molde, Norway
| | - John Turnidge
- School of Biological Sciences in the Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 6062, Australia
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Research Food Safety and Animal Health, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Kees Veldman
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Lærke Boye Astrup
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Centre for Diagnostics, Technological University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 101, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kløve DC, Farre M, Strube ML, Astrup LB. Comparative Genomics of Staphylococcus rostri, an Undescribed Bacterium Isolated from Dairy Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:530. [PMID: 37756052 PMCID: PMC10534715 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes 81 S. rostri isolates from bovine mastitis (of which 80 were subclinical). The isolates were first identified as S. microti by MALDI-TOF MS, but later whole genome sequencing analysis allowed reclassification as S. rostri. The isolates were derived from 52 cows and nine dairy herds in Denmark. To describe the pathogenicity of S. rostri, we used whole genome sequencing to infer the distribution of genes associated with virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile genetic elements. Also, we performed a core-genome phylogeny analysis to study the genetic relatedness among the isolates. All 81 isolates expressed the same virulence profile comprising two putative virulence genes, clpP and clpC. Three isolates carried a resistance gene encoding streptomycin (str) or lincomycin (lnuA) resistance. The distribution of plasmids suggested the detected antibiotic resistance genes to be plasmid-mediated. Phages were abundant among the isolates, and the single isolate from clinical mastitis acquired a phage disparate from the rest, which potentially could be involved with virulence in S. rostri. The core genome phylogeny revealed a strong genetic intra-herd conservation, which indicates the source of introduction being herd-specific and might further imply the ability of S. rostri to adapt to the bovine niche and spread from cow-to-cow in a contagious manner. With this study, we aim to acquaint clinicians and professionals with the existence of S. rostri which might have been overlooked so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Corvera Kløve
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Farre
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holmer I, Salomonsen CM, Jorsal SE, Astrup LB, Jensen VF, Høg BB, Pedersen K. Antibiotic resistance in porcine pathogenic bacteria and relation to antibiotic usage. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:449. [PMID: 31829171 PMCID: PMC6907208 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment and prudent use of antimicrobials for pigs is imperative to secure animal health and prevent development of critical resistance. An important step in this one-health context is to monitor resistance patterns of important animal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of five major pathogens in Danish pigs during a period from 2004 to 2017 and elucidate any developments or associations between resistance and usage of antibiotics. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Staphylococcus hyicus was determined to representatives of antibiotic classes relevant for treatment or surveillance. Escherichia coli isolates were mostly sensitive to fluoroquinolones and colistin, whereas high levels of resistance were observed to ampicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline. While resistance levels to most compounds remained relatively stable during the period, resistance to florfenicol increased from 2.1% in 2004 to 18.1% in 2017, likely in response to a concurrent increase in usage. A temporal association between resistance and usage was also observed for neomycin. E. coli serovars O138 and O149 were generally more resistant than O139. For A. pleuropneumoniae, the resistance pattern was homogenous and predictable throughout the study period, displaying high MIC values only to erythromycin whereas almost all isolates were susceptible to all other compounds. Most S. suis isolates were sensitive to penicillin whereas high resistance levels to erythromycin and tetracycline were recorded, and resistance to erythromycin and trimethoprim increasing over time. For S. hyicus, sensitivity to the majority of the antimicrobials tested was observed. However, penicillin resistance was recorded in 69.4-88.9% of the isolates. All B. bronchiseptica isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas all but two isolates were sensitive to florfenicol. The data obtained have served as background for a recent formulation of evidence-based treatment guidelines for pigs. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic resistance varied for some pathogens over time and in response to usage. Resistance to critically important compounds was low. The results emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of resistance patterns also in pig pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Holmer
- Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - S E Jorsal
- Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L B Astrup
- Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - V F Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B Borck Høg
- Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K Pedersen
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chehabi CN, Nonnemann B, Astrup LB, Farre M, Pedersen K. In vitro Antimicrobial Resistance of Causative Agents to Clinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:562-572. [PMID: 31059284 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of major causative agents to clinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows collected in 2016 to provide data on the current resistance patterns. Such data may subsequently serve as basis for a guideline for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in mastitis treatment. In addition, this study serves as a baseline for future comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in Escherichia coli (n = 62), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 63), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) (n = 49), Streptococcus uberis (n = 61), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 33), and Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 13) were determined to antimicrobial agents representing most classes relevant for treatment. The occurrence of resistance in the 299 bacterial isolates in total was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute clinical breakpoints or in-house breakpoint values. For E. coli, low resistance levels were detected, 11.3% being resistant to ampicillin while resistance to other compounds was lower or zero. In contrast, K. pneumoniae revealed frequent ampicillin resistance (83.3%), but was susceptible to most other antimicrobial agents tested. Staphylococci were susceptible to the majority of antimicrobial agents tested, only 17.7% of the S. aureus isolates and 22.4% of the CNS being resistant to penicillin. Species distribution of the CNS isolates revealed that Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most prevalent species. One S. aureus and one S. chromogenes isolate was found to be cefoxitin resistant and confirmed as methicillin resistant by polymerase chain reaction detection of the mecA gene, showing that methicillin resistance in staphylococci is present. All species of streptococci were susceptible to penicillin. No other critical resistance was found in any species, and resistance was in general low to all clinically relevant compounds. We emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance in major mastitis pathogens and the need for harmonization of methods and interpretations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaza Nazih Chehabi
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bettina Nonnemann
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lærke Boye Astrup
- 1National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Karl Pedersen
- 3Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Astrup LB, Skovgaard K, Rasmussen RS, Iburg TM, Agerholm JS, Aalbæk B, Jensen HE, Nielsen OL, Johansen FF, Heegaard PMH, Leifsson PS. Staphylococcus aureus infected embolic stroke upregulates Orm1 and Cxcl2 in a rat model of septic stroke pathology. Neurol Res 2019; 41:399-412. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1573455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Boye Astrup
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Division of Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rune Skovgaard Rasmussen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Moesgaard Iburg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bent Aalbæk
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ole Lerberg Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Fryd Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Mikael Helweg Heegaard
- Division of Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Páll Skúli Leifsson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Christiansen JG, Astrup LB, Aalbæk B, Leifsson PS, Jensen HE, Toft N. Evaluation of tests for porcine endocarditis by latent class analysis. Vet Rec 2013; 172:130. [PMID: 23292844 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Astrup LB, Solvig J, Cwikiel W. [Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension]. Ugeskr Laeger 1998; 160:1627-32. [PMID: 9522655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) represents an important advance in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The results from the first 10 TIPS procedures in Arhus are reported. We found, as also documented in other clinical series, that TIPS is more effective in controlling acute haemorrhage than treatment with sclerotherapy and specific medical treatment. Seven out of 10 were treated for acute haemorrhage, and two patients were treated for recurrent variceal bleeding in spite of at least 20 procedures of sclerotherapy and pharmaceutical therapy. One patient was treated with TIPS due to refractory ascites. All 10 TIPS procedures were satisfactory, in four patients it was necessary to embolize collaterals. There were no acute complications associated to the TIPS procedures, but one patient developed stenosis of the shunt within one year, and another chronic encephalopathy. Two patients died, one because of sepsis with Candida albicans, and the other of intracerebral bleeding 16 months after the TIPS procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Astrup
- Arhus Universitetshospital, Arhus Kommunehospital, medicinsk afdeling V
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tarp BD, Astrup LB. [Should recurrent Cytomegalovirus infections in patients with liver transplantation be treated?]. Ugeskr Laeger 1997; 159:3413-6. [PMID: 9199030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the single most important viral pathogen in organ transplantation. Treatment strategy for CMV infection and disease is not well established in transplantation. We report a case of primary CMV infection and two relapses in a woman with a liver transplant in whom spontaneous clearing of the second CMV relapse was seen. A 23 year-old CMV-seronegative woman received a liver transplant with a CMV-negative organ. Six weeks after transplantation she had her primary CMV infection proved by seroconversion and virus isolation. She had no clinical symptoms. Treatment with ganciclovir for five weeks resulted in declining CMV-antigen positive cells from 300/200.000 PMNs to CMV-antigen negativity. Only a slight antibody response was seen. At week 13 the first relapse occurred evidenced by antigenaemia. Ganciclovir was reinstituted for six weeks resulting in reduced antigenaemia. At week 22 liver biopsy was performed due to slightly elevated ALAT. The biopsy showed evidence of focal CMV hepatitis and blood analysis showed 120 CMV-antigen positive cells/200.000 PMNs. In spite of this, ganciclovir was not reinstituted, but the immunosuppressive treatment was reduced to a minimum to stimulate the patient's immune response to CMV. During the following months the patient gradually developed IgG antibody, cleared the antigen and levels of liver enzymes returned to normal. We suggest that ganciclovir treatment, may be omitted in cases of relapse with minimal clinical symptoms, slight antigenaemia and a beginning antibody response and that, the immunosuppressive treatment should be reduced instead. Such an approach requires careful clinical monitoring of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Tarp
- Arhus Universitetshospital, klinisk mikrobiologisk afdeling
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clemmesen JO, Ott P, Dalhoff KP, Astrup LB, Tage-Jensen U, Poulsen HE. [Recommendations for treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Danish Medical Society, Study of the Liver]. Ugeskr Laeger 1996; 158:6892-5. [PMID: 8984750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on recent reports concerning the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning, guidelines for treatment and control of these patients are reviewed by a study group under the Danish Association for the Study of the Liver. It is recommended that NAC-treatment is initiated immediately after referral and continued for 36 hours in all cases. Further NAC-treatment should not be discontinued before a decrease in INR has been observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Clemmesen
- Medicinsk afdeling A-2101, Rigshospitalet, København
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Astrup LB, Morling N, Ryder LP, Friis J, Pedersen FK, Svejgaard A. Concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cells in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 1982; 16:361-7. [PMID: 6217541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell activity was investigated in 63 patients with a definite diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Peripheral blood lymphoid cells from these patients did not have the same ability as cells from normal individuals to suppress the proliferative response of autologous cells, responding to phytohaemaglutinin, Candida albicans antigen, or allogeneic cells. No correlation was found between suppressor activity, disease activity, or number of joints involved. Nor was there any significant association between decreased suppressor cell activity and HLA-A, -B, -C, -D antigens, although there was a tendency towards association between decreased suppressor cell activity and HLA-B27.
Collapse
|