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Diene LD, Costa-Ferro ZSM, Barbosa S, Milanesi BB, Lazzari GZ, Neves LT, Paz LV, Neves PFR, Battisti V, Martins LA, Gehlen G, Mestriner RG, Da Costa JC, Xavier LL. Selective brain neuronal and glial losses without changes in GFAP immunoreactivity: Young versus mature adult Wistar rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111128. [PMID: 31404554 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal ageing results in brain selective neuronal and glial losses. In the present study we analyze neuronal and glial changes in Wistar rats at two different ages, 45 days (young) and 420 days (mature adult), using Nissl staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry associated to the Sholl analysis. Comparing mature adults with young rats we noted the former present a decrease in neuronal density in the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, pyriform cortex, L.D.D.M., L.D.V.L., central medial thalamic nucleus and zona incerta. A decrease in glial density was found in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Additionally, the neuron/glia ratio was reduced in the central medial thalamic nucleus and increased in the habenula. No changes were found in the neuronal and glial densities or neuron/glia ratio in the other studied regions. The number of astrocytic primary processes and the number of intersections counted in the Sholl analysis presented no significant difference in any of the studied regions. Overall, neither GFAP positive astrocytic density nor GFAP immunoreactivity showed alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Diene
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Barbosa
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bueno Milanesi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Zenato Lazzari
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Tartari Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Battisti
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaderson C Da Costa
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer/RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Léder L Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Rodrigues FS, de Zorzi VN, Funghetto MP, Haupental F, Cardoso AS, Marchesan S, Cardoso AM, Schinger MRC, Machado AK, da Cruz IBM, Duarte MMMF, Xavier LL, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Santos ARS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR. Involvement of the Cholinergic Parameters and Glial Cells in Learning Delay Induced by Glutaric Acid: Protection by N-Acetylcysteine. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4945-4959. [PMID: 30421167 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of basal ganglia neurons is a characteristic of glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I), an autosomal recessive inherited neurometabolic disease characterized by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and accumulation of glutaric acid (GA). The affected patients present clinical manifestations such as motor dysfunction and memory impairment followed by extensive striatal neurodegeneration. Knowing that there is relevant striatal dysfunction in GA-I, the purpose of the present study was to verify the performance of young rats chronically injected with GA in working and procedural memory test, and whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) would protect against impairment induced by GA. Rat pups were injected with GA (5 μmol g body weight-1, subcutaneously; twice per day; from the 5th to the 28th day of life) and were supplemented with NAC (150 mg/kg/day; intragastric gavage; for the same period). We found that GA injection caused delay procedural learning; increase of cytokine concentration, oxidative markers, and caspase levels; decrease of antioxidant defenses; and alteration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Interestingly, we found an increase in glial cell immunoreactivity and decrease in the immunoreactivity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 7 (α7nAChR), and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) in the striatum. Indeed, NAC administration improved the cognitive performance, ROS production, neuroinflammation, and caspase activation induced by GA. NAC did not prevent neuronal death, however protected against alterations induced by GA on Iba-1 and GFAP immunoreactivities and AChE activity. Then, this study suggests possible therapeutic strategies that could help in GA-I treatment and the importance of the striatum in the learning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nogueira de Zorzi
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marla Parizzi Funghetto
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Haupental
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Seide Cardoso
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Cardoso
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schinger
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Léder L Xavier
- Faculdade de Biociências, Laboratório Central de Microscopia e Microanálise, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsiquiatria Experimental e Clínico, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Wearick-Silva LE, Orso R, Martins LA, Creutzberg KC, Centeno-Silva A, Xavier LL, Grassi-Oliveira R, Mestriner RG. Dual influences of early life stress induced by limited bedding on walking adaptability and Bdnf/TrkB and Drd1/Drd2 gene expression in different mouse brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:66-72. [PMID: 30347225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Evidence suggests early life stress impairs development, quality of life and increases vulnerability to disease. One important aspect of the stress experience is its impact on cognitive-motor performance, which includes the ability to adapt walking according to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate how early-life stress affects walking adaptability of mice, while investigating BDNF/TrkB and Drd1/Drd2 expression in different brain regions. Methods Briefly, we exposed male C56BL/6 to the limited bedding protocol (LB) from post-natal day (PND) 2 to PND9 and then tested animals in the ladder walking task at PND60. RT-qPCR was used to investigate gene expression in the mPFC, hippocampus, motor cortex and cerebellum 2 h after the task Results LB induced a wide range of variability and therefore two distinct subgroups of animals within the LB group were established: a) superior performance (LB-SP); and b) inferior performance (LB-IP), compared to controls. Additionally, Drd1 gene expression was increased in the mPFC of LB-IP animals and in the cerebellum of LB-SP animals, while Drd2 expression was reduced in the hippocampus of the LB-IP group. BDNF exon IV gene expression in the mPFC and motor cortex was increased in both the LB-IP and LB-SP subgroups. TrkB gene expression in the hippocampus was reduced in the LB-IP group. A strong negative correlation was found between walking adaptability performance and BDNF exon IV gene expression in the motor cortex. Conversely, a positive correlation was found between walking adaptability performance and TrkB expression in the mPFC and a negative correlation in the hippocampus. Both Drd1 and Drd2 gene expression were negatively correlated with the ability to adapt walking. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest exposure to early life stress leads to distinct walking adaptability phenotypes, which may be related to Drd1, Drd2, Bdnf exon IV and TrkB gene expression in brain regions that influence walking adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Wearick-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R Orso
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L A Martins
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K C Creutzberg
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A Centeno-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L L Xavier
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R Grassi-Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R G Mestriner
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zancan M, Cunha RSR, Schroeder F, Xavier LL, Rasia‐Filho AA. Remodeling of the number and structure of dendritic spines in the medial amygdala: From prepubertal sexual dimorphism to puberty and effect of sexual experience in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1851-1865. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zancan
- Department of Basic Sciences/PhysiologyFederal University of Health Sciences Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduation Program in NeuroscienceFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rick Shandler R. Cunha
- Department of Basic Sciences/PhysiologyFederal University of Health Sciences Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Francielle Schroeder
- Laboratory of Tissue BiologyFaculty of BiosciencesPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Léder L. Xavier
- Laboratory of Tissue BiologyFaculty of BiosciencesPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alberto A. Rasia‐Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/PhysiologyFederal University of Health Sciences Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduation Program in NeuroscienceFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Marques HB, Richter FF, Heck L, Xavier LL, de Campos D. Biomechanical potential of the temporal muscle in brachyfacial and dolichofacial subjects: a study on dry mandibles. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 19:162-8. [PMID: 27027638 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the lengths of the force and resistance arms, in order to calculate the mechanical advantage and muscular work of the human temporalis muscle (TM) in brachyfacial (BR) and dolichofacial (DO) subjects. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Mandibles from 49 subjects of both genders (BR n = 9; DO n = 40) from the collection of the Laboratory of Human Anatomy at Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The distance between the condylar process and the coronoid process (insertion site of the TM) represented the length of the force arm (LFA ) of the TM. The distance between the condylar process and the mental protuberance represented the length of the resistance arm (LRA ). Thus, the mechanical advantage of the TM was obtained using the following ratio: LFA /LRA , while the muscular work (LRA /LFA ) of the TM was obtained using the inverse of this ratio. RESULTS When compared with the DO, the parameters of the BR are significantly greater, as shown by the LFA (6.0%) and mechanical advantage (8.2%; p = 0.0078). By contrast, our results show that in the DO, the LRA was 2.4% longer and the muscular work was 10.4% greater (p = 0.0087). CONCLUSION The mechanical advantage of the TM in BR subjects is significantly greater than in DO subjects. Moreover, this greater mechanical advantage may explain, at least in part, the higher incidence of temporomandibular dysfunctions in BR subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Marques
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - F F Richter
- Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - L Heck
- Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - L L Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D de Campos
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Departamento de Biologia e Farmácia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Salazar APS, Quagliotto E, Alves J, Oliveira FA, Saur L, Xavier LL, Pagnussat AS, Rasia-Filho A. Effect of prior exercise training and myocardial infarction-induced heart failure on the neuronal and glial densities and the GFAP-immunoreactivity in the posterodorsal medial amygdala of rats. Histol Histopathol 2014; 29:1423-35. [PMID: 24817178 DOI: 10.14670/hh-29.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has neuroprotective effects whereas myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) can cause neuronal death and reactive gliosis in the whole amygdala. The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is involved with cardiovascular reflexes and the central control of sympathetic/parasympathetic responses. Our aim was to study the effects of prior exercise training and of MI-induced HF on the neuronal and glial densities and the glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactivity (GFAP-ir) in the MePD of adult male rats. Animals (n= 5/group) were: control, sedentary submitted to a sham MI (Sed Sham), sedentary submitted to MI/HF (Sed HF), trained on a treadmill and submitted to a sham MI (T Sham) or trained on a treadmill and submitted to MI/HF (T HF). The number of neurons and glial cells in the MePD was estimated using the optical fractionator and the GFAP-ir was quantified by optical densitometry. In the respective groups, treadmill training improved physical performance and MI damaged near 40% of the left ventricle. There was a hemispheric lateralization effect on the density of neurons (higher in the right MePD), but no significant difference in either the neuronal or the glial densities due to experimental condition. Regional GFAP-ir results revealed that the Sed HF group had a higher expression in the left MePD compared to the control and the Sed Sham rats (p⟨0.01). The present data did not evidence the effects of training or MI/HF in the MePD cellular density, but indicate a possible local restructuring of astrocytic cytoskeleton after MI/HF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Quagliotto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jadson Alves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiani Saur
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder L Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline S Pagnussat
- PPG-CR, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alberto Rasia-Filho
- PPG-CR, and Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil. ,
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Rodrigues FS, Souza MA, Magni DV, Ferreira APO, Mota BC, Cardoso AM, Paim M, Xavier LL, Ferreira J, Schetinger MRC, Da Costa JC, Royes LFF, Fighera MR. N-acetylcysteine prevents spatial memory impairment induced by chronic early postnatal glutaric acid and lipopolysaccharide in rat pups. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78332. [PMID: 24205200 PMCID: PMC3813430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is characterized by accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and neurological symptoms, such as cognitive impairment. Although this disease is related to oxidative stress and inflammation, it is not known whether these processes facilitate the memory impairment. Our objective was to investigate the performance of rat pups chronically injected with GA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in spatial memory test, antioxidant defenses, cytokines levels, Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and hippocampal volume. We also evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on theses markers. Methods Rat pups were injected with GA (5umol g of body weight-1, subcutaneously; twice per day; from 5th to 28th day of life), and were supplemented with NAC (150mg/kg/day; intragastric gavage; for the same period). LPS (2mg/kg; E.coli 055 B5) or vehicle (saline 0.9%) was injected intraperitoneally, once per day, from 25th to 28th day of life. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers as well as hippocampal volume were assessed. Results GA caused spatial learning deficit in the Barnes maze and LPS potentiated this effect. GA and LPS increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels. The co-administration of these compounds potentiated the increase of IL-1β levels but not TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. GA and LPS increased TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) content, reduced antioxidant defenses and inhibited Na+, K+-ATPase activity. GA and LPS co-administration did not have additive effect on oxidative stress markers and Na+, K+ pump. The hippocampal volume did not change after GA or LPS administration. NAC protected against impairment of spatial learning and increase of cytokines levels. NAC Also protected against inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity and oxidative markers. Conclusions These results suggest that inflammatory and oxidative markers may underlie at least in part of the neuropathology of GA-I in this model. Thus, NAC could represent a possible adjuvant therapy in treatment of children with GA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil ; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil ; Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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8
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Dall'Oglio A, Xavier LL, Hilbig A, Ferme D, Moreira JE, Achaval M, Rasia-Filho AA. Cellular components of the human medial amygdaloid nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:589-611. [PMID: 22806548 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The medial nucleus (Me) is a superficial component of the amygdaloid complex. Here we assessed the density and morphology of the neurons and glial cells, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, and the ultrastructure of the synaptic sites in the human Me. The optical fractionator method was applied. The Me presented an estimated mean neuronal density of 1.53 × 10⁵ neurons/mm³ (greater in the left hemisphere), more glia (72% of all cells) than neurons, and a nonneuronal:neuronal ratio of 2.7. Golgi-impregnated neurons had round or ovoid, fusiform, angular, and polygonal cell bodies (10-30 μm in diameter). The length of the dendrites varied, and pleomorphic spines were found in sparsely spiny or densely spiny cells (1.5-5.2 spines/dendritic μm). The axons in the Me neuropil were fine or coarsely beaded, and fibers showed simple or notably complex collateral terminations. The protoplasmic astrocytes were either isolated or formed small clusters and showed GFAP-immunoreactive cell bodies and multiple branches. Furthermore, we identified both asymmetrical (with various small, clear, round, electron-lucent vesicles and, occasionally, large, dense-core vesicles) and symmetrical (with small, flattened vesicles) axodendritic contacts, also including multisynaptic spines. The astrocytes surround and may compose tripartite or tetrapartite synapses, the latter including the extracellular matrix between the pre- and the postsynaptic elements. Interestingly, the terminal axons exhibited a glomerular-like structure with various asymmetrical contacts. These new morphological data on the cellular population and synaptic complexity of the human Me can contribute to our knowledge of its role in health and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dall'Oglio
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90170-050-RS, Brazil
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9
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Nascimento PSD, Lovatel GA, Ilha J, Xavier LL, Schaan BD, Achaval M. Exercise alleviates hypoalgesia and increases the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1087-91. [PMID: 23018308 PMCID: PMC3438251 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(09)17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treadmill training on nociceptive sensitivity and immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic and trained diabetic. Treadmill training was performed for 8 weeks. The blood glucose concentrations and body weight were evaluated 48 h after diabetes induction and every 30 days thereafter. The nociceptive sensitivity was evaluated using the tail-flick apparatus. The animals were then transcardially perfused, and the spinal cords were post-fixed, cryoprotected and sectioned in a cryostat. Immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide analysis was performed on the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. RESULTS The nociceptive sensitivity analysis revealed that, compared with the control and trained diabetic animals, the latency to tail deflection on the apparatus was longer for the diabetic animals. Optical densitometry demonstrated decreased calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in diabetic animals, which was reversed by treadmill training. CONCLUSION We concluded that treadmill training can alleviate nociceptive hypoalgesia and reverse decreased calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic animals without pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Severo do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Jaenisch RB, Hentschke VS, Quagliotto E, Cavinato PR, Schmeing LA, Xavier LL, Dal Lago P. Respiratory muscle training improves hemodynamics, autonomic function, baroreceptor sensitivity, and respiratory mechanics in rats with heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1664-70. [PMID: 21903877 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01245.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves functional capacity in chronic heart-failure (HF) patients, but the basis for this improvement remains unclear. We evaluate the effects of RMT on the hemodynamic and autonomic function, arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and respiratory mechanics in rats with HF. Rats were assigned to one of four groups: sedentary sham (n = 8), trained sham (n = 8), sedentary HF (n = 8), or trained HF (n = 8). Trained animals underwent a RMT protocol (30 min/day, 5 day/wk, 6 wk of breathing through a resistor), whereas sedentary animals did not. In HF rats, RMT had significant effects on several parameters. It reduced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (P < 0.01), increased LV systolic pressure (P < 0.01), and reduced right ventricular hypertrophy (P < 0.01) and pulmonary (P < 0.001) and hepatic (P < 0.001) congestion. It also decreased resting heart rate (HR; P < 0.05), indicating a decrease in the sympathetic and an increase in the vagal modulation of HR. There was also an increase in baroreflex gain (P < 0.05). The respiratory system resistance was reduced (P < 0.001), which was associated with the reduction in tissue resistance after RMT (P < 0.01). The respiratory system and tissue elastance (Est) were also reduced by RMT (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, the quasistatic Est was reduced after RMT (P < 0.01). These findings show that a 6-wk RMT protocol in HF rats promotes an improvement in hemodynamic function, sympathetic and vagal heart modulation, arterial BRS, and respiratory mechanics, all of which are benefits associated with improvements in cardiopulmonary interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Jaenisch
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúdede Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Müller CB, de Barros RLS, Castro MAA, Lopes FM, Meurer RT, Roehe A, Mazzini G, Ulbrich-Kulczynski JM, Dal-Pizzol F, Fernandes MC, Moreira JCF, Xavier LL, Klamt F. Validation of cofilin-1 as a biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer: application of quantitative method in a retrospective cohort. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1309-16. [PMID: 21735353 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cofilin is a cytoskeletal protein whose overexpression has been associated with aggressiveness in several types of malignancies. Here, we established and optimized a simple semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (SQ-IHC) method for cofilin quantification in tumor biopsies, and applied it in a retrospective cohort of NSCLC patients aiming at validating the use of cofilin-1 as a prognostic biomarker. METHODS The SQ-IHC method for cofilin-1 quantification was established and applied in a NSCLC cohort. An archival collection of biopsies from 50 patients with clinicopathological information and 5 years follow-up was accessed. Association between cofilin-1 immunocontent and clinical outcome was assessed using standard Kaplan-Meier mortality curves and the log-rank test. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, three different partitional clustering strategies were used to stratify patients into two groups according to the biomarker expression level (hierarchical clustering, Kmeans and median cutoff). RESULTS In all the three different partitional clustering we used, survival analysis showed that patient with high cofilin-1 immunocontent had a lower overall survival rate (P < 0.05), and could be used to discriminate between good and bad prognosis. No other correlation was found when the variables age, sex or histological type were tested in association with patients outcome or with cofilin immunocontent. CONCLUSIONS Our method showed good sensitivity/specificity to indicate the outcome of patients according to their cofilin immunocontent in biological samples. Its application in a retrospective cohort and the results presented here are an important step toward the validation process of cofilin-1 as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Müller
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos St., Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
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12
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de Leon EB, Bortoluzzi A, Rucatti A, Nunes RB, Saur L, Rodrigues M, Oliveira U, Alves-Wagner AB, Xavier LL, Machado UF, Schaan BD, Dall'Ago P. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves GLUT-4 and morphological characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats with heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:265-73. [PMID: 20698833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Changes in skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are associated with limited functional capacity in heart failure, which can be attenuated by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES). The purpose of the present study was to analyse the effects of ES upon GLUT-4 protein content, fibre structure and vessel density of the skeletal muscle in a rat model of HF subsequent to myocardial infarction. METHODS Forty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: sham (S), sham submitted to ES (S+ES), heart failure (HF) and heart failure submitted to ES (HF+ES). The rats in the ES groups were submitted to ES of the left leg during 20 days (2.5 kHz, once a day, 30 min, duty cycle 50%- 15 s contraction/15 s rest). After this period, the left tibialis anterior muscle was collected from all the rats for analysis. RESULTS HF+ES rats showed lower values of lung congestion when compared with HF rats (P = 0.0001). Although muscle weight was lower in HF rats than in the S group, thus indicating hypotrophy, 20 days of ES led to their recovery (P < 0.0001). In both groups submitted to ES, there was an increase in muscle vessel density (P < 0.04). Additionally, heart failure determined a 49% reduction in GLUT-4 protein content (P < 0.03), which was recovered by ES (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In heart failure, ES improves morphological changes and raises GLUT-4 content in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B de Leon
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Nascimento PSD, Lovatel GA, Barbosa S, Ilha J, Centenaro LA, Malysz T, Xavier LL, Schaan BD, Achaval M. Treadmill training improves motor skills and increases tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta in diabetic rats. Brain Res 2011; 1382:173-80. [PMID: 21276429 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treadmill training on motor skills and immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area from diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic and trained diabetic. Treadmill training was performed for 8weeks. Blood glucose concentrations and body weight were evaluated 48h after diabetes induction and every 30days thereafter. Motor skills were evaluated on the rotarod and open field tests. Then, animals were transcardially perfused and the brains were post-fixed, cryoprotected and sectioned in a cryostat. Immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase analyses was done in the ventral tegmental area and in the substantia nigra. Motor skills showed that diabetic animals had a decrease in the latency to fall and enhanced number of falls in the rotarod test compared to control and trained diabetic animals. In the open field, diabetic animals had a decrease in the number of crossed squares, rearings and spent a less time moving compared to control and trained diabetic animals. In diabetic animals, optical densitometry of immunohistochemistry showed that tyrosine hydroxylase reaction decreased in the ventral tegmental area and in the neurons and process in the substantia nigra. In the later region, that decrease was reversed by treadmill training. In conclusion, we demonstrated that treadmill training can reverse the loss of the motor skills, which was correlated to tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of diabetic animals without pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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14
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Sacharuk VZ, Lovatel GA, Ilha J, Marcuzzo S, Pinho ASD, Xavier LL, Zaro MA, Achaval M. Thermographic evaluation of hind paw skin temperature and functional recovery of locomotion after sciatic nerve crush in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1259-66. [PMID: 21876984 PMCID: PMC3148474 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerves are often damaged by direct mechanical injury, diseases, and tumors. The peripheral nerve injuries that result from these conditions can lead to a partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, which in turn are related to changes in skin temperature, in the involved segments of the body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in hind paw skin temperature after sciatic nerve crush in rats in an attempt to determine whether changes in skin temperature correlate with the functional recovery of locomotion. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 7), sham (n = 25), and crush (n = 25). All groups were subjected to thermographic, functional, and histological assessments. RESULTS ΔT in the crush group was different from the control and sham groups at the 1st, 3rd and 7rd postoperative days (p<0.05). The functional recovery from the crush group returned to normal values between the 3rd and 4th week post-injury, and morphological analysis of the nerve revealed incomplete regeneration at the 4th week after injury. DISCUSSION This study is the first demonstration that sciatic nerve crush in rats induces an increase in hind paw skin temperature and that skin temperature changes do not correlate closely with functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Z Sacharuk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Figueiró M, Ilha J, Pochmann D, Porciúncula LO, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama). Phytomedicine 2010; 17:956-962. [PMID: 20833520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) used to treat Alzheimer's patients is an improvement in cholinergic transmission. While currently available AChEIs have limited success, a huge impediment to the development of newer ones is access to the relevant brain areas. Promnesic, anti-amnesic and AChEI properties were identified in a standardized ethanol extract from Ptychopetalum olacoides (POEE), a medicinal plant favored by the elderly in Amazon communities. The purpose of this study was to provide conclusive evidence that orally given POEE induces AChE inhibition in brain areas relevant to cognition. Histochemistry experiments confirmed that the anticholinesterase compound(s) present in POEE are orally bioavailable, inducing meaningful AChE inhibition in the hippocampus CA1 (∼33%) and CA3 (∼20%), and striatum (∼17%). Ellman's colorimetric analysis revealed that G1 and G4 AChE isoforms activities were markedly inhibited (66 and 72%, respectively) in hippocampus and frontal cortex (50 and 63%, respectively), while G4 appeared to be selectively inhibited (72%) in the striatum. Western blotting showed that POEE did not induce significant changes in the AChE immunocontent suggesting that its synthesis is not extensively modified. This study provides definitive proof of meaningful anticholinesterase activity compatible with the observed promnesic and anti-amnesic effects of POEE in mice, reaffirming the potential of this extract for treating neurodegenerative conditions where a hypofunctioning cholinergic neurotransmission is prominent. Adequate assessment of the safety and efficacy of this extract and/or its isolated active compound(s) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Figueiró
- Laboratório de Etnofarmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Costa-Ferro ZSM, Vitola AS, Pedroso MF, Cunha FB, Xavier LL, Machado DC, Soares MBP, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, DaCosta JC. Prevention of seizures and reorganization of hippocampal functions by transplantation of bone marrow cells in the acute phase of experimental epilepsy. Seizure 2010; 19:84-92. [PMID: 20080419 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in a model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in rats. BMCs obtained from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice or rats were transplanted intravenously after induction of status epilepticus (SE). Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were monitored using Racine's seizure severity scale. All of the rats in the saline-treated epileptic control group developed SRS, whereas none of the BMC-treated epileptic animals had seizures in the short term (15 days after transplantation), regardless of the BMC source. Over the long-term chronic phase (120 days after transplantation), only 25% of BMC-treated epileptic animals had seizures, but with a lower frequency and duration compared to the epileptic control group. The density of hippocampal neurons in the brains of animals treated with BMCs was markedly preserved. At hippocampal Schaeffer collateral-CA1 synapses, long-term potentiation was preserved in BMC-transplanted rats compared to epileptic controls. The donor-derived GFP(+) cells were rarely found in the brains of transplanted epileptic rats. In conclusion, treatment with BMCs can prevent the development of chronic seizures, reduce neuronal loss, and influence the reorganization of the hippocampal neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaquer S M Costa-Ferro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Rigon P, de Castilhos J, Saur L, Rodrigues MF, Achaval M, Xavier LL. NADPH-diaphorase activity in the nociceptive pathways of land snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus: the involvement of pedal ganglia. Invert Neurosci 2009; 9:155-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10158-009-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Viola GG, Rodrigues L, Américo JC, Hansel G, Vargas RS, Biasibetti R, Swarowsky A, Gonçalves CA, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Souza DO, Amaral OB. Morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes induced by environmental enrichment in mice. Brain Res 2009; 1274:47-54. [PMID: 19374889 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is known to induce plastic changes in the brain, including morphological changes in hippocampal neurons, with increases in synaptic and spine densities. In recent years, the evidence for a role of astrocytes in regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity has increased, and it is likely that morphological and functional changes in astrocytes play an important role in brain plasticity. Our study was designed to evaluate changes in astrocytes induced by environmental enrichment in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, focusing on astrocytic density and on morphological changes in astrocytic processes. After 8 weeks of environmental enrichment starting at weaning, male CF-1 mice presented no significant changes in astrocyte number or in the density of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the stratum radiatum. However, they did present changes in astrocytic morphology in the same region, as expressed by a significant increase in the ramification of astrocytic processes measured by the Sholl concentric circles method, as well as by an increase in the number and length of primary processes extending in a parallel orientation to CA1 nerve fibers. This led astrocytes to acquire a more stellate morphology, a fact which could be related to the increase in hippocampal synaptic density observed in previous studies. These findings corroborate the idea that structural changes in astrocytic networks are an integral part of plasticity processes occurring in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano G Viola
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ilha J, Araujo RT, Malysz T, Hermel EES, Rigon P, Xavier LL, Achaval M. Endurance and resistance exercise training programs elicit specific effects on sciatic nerve regeneration after experimental traumatic lesion in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008; 22:355-66. [PMID: 18326889 DOI: 10.1177/1545968307313502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of endurance, resistance, and a combination of both types of exercise training on hindlimb motor function recovery and nerve regeneration after experimental sciatic nerve lesion in rats. METHODS Sciatic nerve crush was performed on adult male rats, and after 2 weeks of the nerve lesion, the animals were submitted to endurance, resistance, and a combination of endurance-resistance training programs for 5 weeks. Over the training period, functional recovery was monitored weekly using the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and histological and morphometric nerve analyses were used to assess the nerve regeneration at the end of the trainings. RESULTS The SFI values of the endurance-trained group reached the control values from the first posttraining week and were significantly better than both the resistance-trained group at the first, second, and third posttraining weeks and the concurrent training group at the first posttraining week. At the distal portion of the regenerating sciatic nerve, the endurance-trained group showed a greater degree of the myelinated fiber maturation than the sedentary, resistance-trained, and concurrent training groups. Furthermore, the endurance-trained group showed a smaller percentage area of endoneurial connective tissue and a greater percentage area of myelinated fibers than the sedentary group. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that endurance training improves sciatic nerve regeneration after an experimental traumatic injury and that resistance training or the combination of 2 strategies may delay functional recovery and do not alter sciatic nerve fiber regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocemar Ilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Rocha MIM, Mestriner RG, Hermel EES, Xavier LL, Rasia-Filho AA, Achaval M. Neuronal somatic volume of posteroventral medial amygdala cells from males and across the estrous cycle of female rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 420:110-5. [PMID: 17517473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The posteroventral medial amygdala (MePV) is a brain area where gonadal hormones have neurotrophic effects in rats. The aim of the present study was to estimate the MePV neuronal somatic volume from males and diestrus, proestrus and estrus female Wistar rats (n=5 in each group) in an attempt to identify a possible sexual dimorphism in this parameter. The effect of laterality was also evaluated. The brains of adult animals were sectioned (1 microm), stained with 1% toluidine blue and serial-section reconstructions of each neuronal cell body were obtained. Images from both left and right MePV were studied and the somatic volume was estimated using the Cavalieri method in combination with the point counting technique. Results were compared according to sex and phase of the estrous cycle using a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by the least significance difference test. Mean neuronal somatic volume showed a statistical difference among groups and the post hoc comparisons revealed that males present higher values than females in proestrus and estrus (p<0.05). On the other hand, neither a laterality effect (p=0.6) nor an interaction between groups and laterality (p=0.4) were found. Our results indicate that cell body volume in the MePV is distinct when comparing males to females in the different phases of the estrous cycle. Through dynamic changes modulated by sex steroids, it is likely that this morphological plasticity within the MePV may be affecting the functioning of local neurons and their integrated roles in neural circuits relevant for neuroendocrine control and reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Izabel M Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Martinez FG, Hermel EES, Xavier LL, Viola GG, Riboldi J, Rasia-Filho AA, Achaval M. Gonadal hormone regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the medial amygdala subnuclei across the estrous cycle and in castrated and treated female rats. Brain Res 2006; 1108:117-26. [PMID: 16842763 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The medial amygdala (MeA) is a sexually dimorphic area that modulates neuroendocrine and behavioral activities and where gonadal hormones play an important role in neuron-glial and synaptic plasticity. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the different MeA subnuclei--anterodorsal (MeAD), posterodorsal (MePD) and posteroventral (MePV)--of intact female rats in the different phases of the estrous cycle and in ovariectomized females treated with hormonal substitutive therapy. Data semi-quantified by optical densitometry showed that, in the proestrus phase, the GFAP immunoreactivity (GFAP-ir) was higher when compared to the other phases of the estrous cycle (P < 0.02). GFAP-ir was also higher in the MePD than in the MeAD or in the MePV (P < 0. 02). In ovariectomized females, injections of estradiol alone or estradiol plus progesterone increased GFAP-ir in the MePD and in the MePV (P < 0.001), but not in the MeAD (P > 0.3), when compared to control data. These findings suggest that astrocytic GFAP in the MeA subnuclei can be affected either by physiological levels or by hormonal manipulation of the ovarian steroids, which may contribute to the plasticity of local and integrated functional activities of these brain areas in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G Martinez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, R. Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
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Hermel EES, Ilha J, Xavier LL, Rasia-Filho AA, Achaval M. Influence of sex and estrous cycle, but not laterality, on the neuronal somatic volume of the posterodorsal medial amygdala of rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 405:153-8. [PMID: 16860473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to measure the cell body volume of neurons from the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD) of adult male (n=5) and diestrus, proestrus and estrus female (n=4-5 in each group) rats to reveal a possible sexual dimorphism, estrous cycle variations and laterality in this morphological parameter. The brains of adult Wistar rats were sectioned (1 microm), stained with 1% toluidine blue and the stereological estimation of neuronal soma volume of both sides of MePD was realized using the Cavalieri method and the technique of point counting. Data were compared by a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the least significance difference post hoc test. In the MePD, mean neuronal somatic volume showed a statistical difference among groups (p=0.005), but neither an effect of laterality (p=0.33) nor interactions between groups and laterality (p=0.78) were found. Post hoc test showed that males (mean+/-S.E.M., 2075.67+/-135.79 microm(3)) have larger mean neuronal somatic volume compared to females in proestrus (1503.30+/-44.46 microm(3)) and in estrus (1616.69+/-71.49 microm(3), p<0.05 in both cases), but not in diestrus (1940.78+/-129.68 microm(3), p>0.05). Moreover, diestrus females displayed larger mean neuronal somatic volume than proestrus female rats (p<0.05). It is suggested that neuronal somatic volume is another sexually dimorphic finding in the MePD, for which it is relevant to set apart the different phases of the estrous cycle to reveal the presence of gonadal hormones effects in the rat MePD neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E S Hermel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Madruga C, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Sanvitto GL, Lucion AB. Early handling, but not maternal separation, decreases emotional responses in two paradigms of fear without changes in mesolimbic dopamine. Behav Brain Res 2006; 166:241-6. [PMID: 16171878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying the effects of neonatal handling (H) and maternal separation (MS) on two paradigms of fear, learned and innate, and on the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive cells in adult life. Wistar rats were daily handled with a brief maternal separation, maternal separated for 3 h or left undisturbed during the first 10 days of life. Behavioural responses in the open-field (innate fear) and conditioned fear (learned fear) were evaluated. Moreover, a semi-quantitative analysis of TH immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) was performed using optical densitometry and confirmed by planar measurements of neuronal density. Early handling decreased behaviour responses of innate and learned fear in adult life, while maternal separation had no significant long-lasting effect on these responses compared to the non-handled group. The behavioural effects of early handling could not be explained by changes in the density of midbrain dopaminergic cells, which were not affected by handling or maternal separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Madruga
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Sarmento Leite, 500 Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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Swarowsky A, Monteiro AF, Xavier LL, Zancan DM, Achaval M. Serotonergic immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglia of the pulmonate snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus after thermal stimulus: A semi-quantitative analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:230-8. [PMID: 15979914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using an immunohistochemical procedure and optical densitometry, the distribution of neurons containing serotonin (5-HT) was investigated in the pedal ganglia of Megalobulimus abbreviatus after thermal "non-functional stimulus" (22 degrees C) and stressful thermal conditions (50 degrees C). The animals were sacrificed at different times (3 h, 6 h and 24 h) following these stimuli. In control animals, the results showed the location of these serotonergic immunoreactive elements (5HT-ir) in this ganglion to be similar to those shown in other studies, where the anterior region of ventral sections showed the largest number of 5HT-ir neurons. In the anterior neurons, significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed between the groups of animals stimulated at 50 degrees C and 22 degrees C and sacrificed after 6 h. In the medial neurons, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the control group and the groups of animals stimulated at 50 degrees C and sacrificed after 6 and 24 h. Neuropilar area 1 showed differences (p < 0.01) in 5HT-ir between the control group and the groups of animals stimulated at 50 degrees C and sacrificed after 3 and 24 h. Neuropilar area 2 showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups of animals stimulated at 22 degrees C and sacrificed after 3 and 24 h. These results suggest the involvement of 5-HT in the nociceptive circuit of M. abbreviatus, mainly that of the medial neurons and neuropilar area 1, which showed increases in 5HT-ir after thermal aversive stimuli. These results could be helpful in drawing cellular homologies with other gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Swarowsky
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Achaval M, Penha MAP, Swarowsky A, Rigon P, Xavier LL, Viola GG, Zancan DM. The terrestrial Gastropoda Megalobulimus abbreviatus as a useful model for nociceptive experiments: effects of morphine and naloxone on thermal avoidance behavior. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 38:73-80. [PMID: 15665992 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2005000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the behavior of the snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus upon receiving thermal stimuli and the effects of pretreatment with morphine and naloxone on behavior after a thermal stimulus, in order to establish a useful model for nociceptive experiments. Snails submitted to non-functional (22 degrees C) and non-thermal hot-plate stress (30 degrees C) only displayed exploratory behavior. However, the animals submitted to a thermal stimulus (50 degrees C) displayed biphasic avoidance behavior. Latency was measured from the time the animal was placed on the hot plate to the time when the animal lifted the head-foot complex 1 cm from the substrate, indicating aversive thermal behavior. Other animals were pretreated with morphine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or naloxone (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg/kg) 15 min prior to receiving a thermal stimulus (50 degrees C; N = 9 in each group). The results (means +/- SD) showed an extremely significant difference in response latency between the group treated with 20 mg/kg morphine (63.18 +/- 14.47 s) and the other experimental groups (P < 0.001). With 2.5 mg/kg (16.26 +/- 3.19 s), 5.0 mg/kg (11.53 +/- 1.64 s) and 7.5 mg/kg naloxone (7.38 +/- 1.6 s), there was a significant, not dose-dependent decrease in latency compared to the control (33.44 +/- 8.53 s) and saline groups (29.1 +/- 9.91 s). No statistically significant difference was found between the naloxone-treated groups. With naloxone plus morphine, there was a significant decrease in latency when compared to all other groups (minimum 64% in the saline group and maximum 83.2% decrease in the morphine group). These results provide evidence of the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the control of thermal withdrawal behavior in this snail, and reveal a stereotyped and reproducible avoidance behavior for this snail species, which could be studied in other pharmacological and neurophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Achaval
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Guedes RP, Marchi MI, Viola GG, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Partata WA. Somatostatin-, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and γ-aminobutyric acid-like immunoreactivitity in the frog lumbosacral spinal cord: distribution and effects of sciatic nerve transection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 138:19-28. [PMID: 15142533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry and optical densitometry, somatostatin (SOM), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana after sciatic nerve transection. In control animals, the densest network of the SOM-, CGRP- and GABA-like immunoreactive fibers was located in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. SOM and GABA-like fibers were found in the dorsal terminal field and in the mediolateral band. The latter region showed CGRP and SOM-like immunoreactive cell bodies. SOM- and GABA-like immunoreactive neurons also occurred around the cavity of the central canal, and other GABA-like fibers were found in the ventral terminal field. While the ventral horn showed scarce somatostatin-like fibers, the putative motoneurons were immunoreactive for the two peptides investigated and GABA, but only a few SOM- and GABA-like fibers occurred in the ventral funiculus. After axotomy, GABA-like immunoreactivity decreased in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus on the same side of the lesion. The other regions remained labeled. These changes were observed at 3 days following axonal injury and persisted at 5, 8 and 15 days. There was no significant difference in the pattern of CGRP- and SOM- immunoreactivity between the axotomized and the control sides. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of the peripheral axotomy on GABA, SOM, and CGRP expression in vertebrates, emphasizing the use of frogs as a model to study the effects of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Guedes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Partata WA, Krepsky AMR, Xavier LL, Marques M, Achaval M. Substance P immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni following peripheral nerve injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:515-20. [PMID: 12700831 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoreactive substance P was investigated in turtle lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve transection. In control animals immunoreactive fibers were densest in synaptic field Ia, where the longest axons invaded synaptic field III. Positive neuronal bodies were identified in the lateral column of the dorsal horn and substance P immunoreactive varicosities were observed in the ventral horn, in close relationship with presumed motoneurons. Other varicosities appeared in the lateral and anterior funiculi. After axotomy, substance P immunoreactive fibers were reduced slightly on the side of the lesion, which was located in long fibers that invaded synaptic field III and in the varicosities of the lateral and anterior funiculus. The changes were observed at 7 days after axonal injury and persisted at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the lesion. These findings show that turtles should be considered as a model to study the role of substance P in peripheral axonal injury, since the distribution and temporal changes of substance P were similar to those found in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Rasia-Filho AA, Xavier LL, dos Santos P, Gehlen G, Achaval M. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunodetection and immunoreactivity in the anterior and posterior medial amygdala of male and female rats. Brain Res Bull 2002; 58:67-75. [PMID: 12121815 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The medial amygdala (MeA) has receptors for gonadal hormones and modulates reproductive behaviors in rats. Adult male and female rats were used for the immunodetection, a less accurate technique, and the immunohistochemistry for the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the anterior and posterior MeA. Both procedures were done using polyclonal anti-GFAP and were quantified by densitometry. The first technique provided no evidence for a difference between sexes in the immunocontent of GFAP in any region of the MeA (p > 0.1). Nevertheless, the measure of the intensity of GFAP immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) showed that females had a higher GFAP-IR in the posterodorsal (p < 0.01) and in the posteroventral subregions of the MeA (p < 0.01) than males. No sex difference was found in its anterodorsal part (p > 0.1). The present results point out the differences between these two above-mentioned techniques but add a new finding to the previously described sexual dimorphism in the MeA, i.e., the GFAP-IR. Data also suggest that probably astrocytes can be affected by sex steroids in this brain area. It is likely that this regionally specific difference in the GFAP-IR may contribute to the distinct functional roles that the MeA subregions have in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Rasia-Filho
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Partata WA, Cerveira JF, Xavier LL, Viola GG, Achaval M. Sciatic nerve transection decrease substance P immunoreactivity in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the frog (Rana catesbeiana). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 131:807-14. [PMID: 11923093 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry and optical densitometry, substance P (SP) was investigated in the lumbar spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana after sciatic nerve transection. In control animals, there was a high density of SP fibers in the Lissauer's tract and in the mediolateral band of the dorsal gray matter. Other SP immunoreactive fibers were observed in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and in the ventral horn. No SP label was found in any cell bodies. After axotomy, SP immunoreactive fibers decreased in the Lissauer's tract on the same side of the lesion. The other regions remained labeled. The changes were observed at 3 days following axonal injury and persisted at 5, 8 and 15 days. At 20 days, there was no significant difference between the axotomized side and the control one, thus indicating a recovery of the SP expression. These results indicate that the frog may be used as a model to study the effects of peripheral axotomy, contributing to elucidate the SP actions in the pain neuropath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wania A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Partata WA, Krepsky AM, Xavier LL, Marques M, Achaval M. Distribution of glycogen phosphorylase and cytochrome oxidase in the central nervous system of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999; 124:113-22. [PMID: 10629952 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and cytochrome oxidase (CO) activities were mapped histochemically in the brain of the turtle Trachemys dorbigni. In the telencephalon, both activities occurred in the olfactory bulb, in all cortical areas, in the dorsal ventricular ridge, striatum, primordium hippocampi and olfactory tubercle. In the diencephalon, they were identified in some areas of the hypothalamus, and in rotundus and geniculate nuclei. Both reactions were detected in the oculomotor, trochlear, mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, torus semicircularis, substantia nigra and ruber and isthmic nuclei of the mesencephalon. In all layers of the optic tectum GP activity was found, but CO only labelled the stratum griseum centrale. In the medulla oblonga both enzymes appear in the reticular, raphe and vestibular nuclei, locus coeruleus and nuclei of cranial nerves. In the cerebellum, the granular and molecular layers, and the deep cerebellar nuclei were positive for both enzymes. The Purkinje cells were only reactive for CO. In the spinal cord, motor and commissural neurones exhibited a positive reaction for the two enzymes. However, CO also occurred in the marginal nucleus and in the lateral funiculus. These results may be useful as a basis for subsequent studies on turtle brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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