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Guo LJ, Bai YZ, Li ZY, Zhao PL, Luo B. [Real-time localization for port-implanted catheter tip by echocardiographic guidance]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 104:1184-1187. [PMID: 38583051 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230905-00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The clinical data of 23 patients undergoing real-time echocardiography-guided infusion port implantation in the Breast Center of Tsinghua Changgung Hospital in Beijing from January to July 2021 were analyzed. The length of catheter insertion L1 was initially estimated using surface measurement method in all patients. Intraoperatively, transthoracic echocardiography was applied using the parasternal four-chamber view to visualize the catheter image within the right atrium, and the length of catheter insertion L2 was recorded under the guidance of echocardiography. Postoperatively, chest radiographs were taken in the upright position to observe the position of the catheter tip. According to chest CT scans, the ideal length (L) for catheter tip placement was calculated when it was located at the junction of superior vena cava and right atrium. Bland-Altman scatter plot analysis and linear regression fitting test were used on L1 and L2 respectively with L to evaluate the consistency. A total of 23 patients were included in this study, among which one case of left breast cancer patient undergoing breast-conserving surgery had difficulty in identifying the catheter tip position due to residual pleural effusion obscuring the imaging of the cardiac apex four-chamber view. In 22 patients, the results of intraoperative ultrasound imaging were good, including 1 case of catheter ectopic to azygos vein, and 21 cases of right atrial catheter could be detected by ultrasound. Statistical analysis showed that there was a good consistency between L1 and L, L2 and L, and the difference between them was d=0.28 cm (95%CI:-1.76-2.31 cm) and d=0.20 cm(95%CI:-0.84-1.23 cm), respectively, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). In the linear regression model, L2 and L had a higher fit than L1, and the difference was statistically significant (R²=0.954, P<0.001). This study found that real-time echocardiographic localization technique can be applied in adult port surgery to replace X-ray-guided real-time catheter tip detection and adjustment to the optimal position.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Y Z Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - P L Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - B Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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Seva S, Rorem B, Chinnathambi K, Estrada D, Guo LJ, Subbaraman H. Nozzle-Free Printing of CNT Electronics Using Laser-Generated Focused Ultrasound. Small Methods 2024:e2301596. [PMID: 38470204 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Printed electronics have made remarkable progress in recent years and inkjet printing (IJP) has emerged as one of the leading methods for fabricating printed electronic devices. However, challenges such as nozzle clogging, and strict ink formulation constraints have limited their widespread use. To address this issue, a novel nozzle-free printing technology is explored, which is enabled by laser-generated focused ultrasound, as a potential alternative printing modality called Shock-wave Jet Printing (SJP). Specifically, the performance of SJP-printed and IJP-printed bottom-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) is compared. While IJP required ten print passes to achieve fully functional devices with channel dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, SJP achieved comparable performance with just a single pass. For optimized devices, SJP demonstrated six times higher maximum mobility than IJP-printed devices. Furthermore, the advantages of nozzle-free printing are evident, as SJP successfully printed stored and unsonicated inks, delivering moderate electrical performance, whereas IJP suffered from nozzle clogging due to CNT agglomeration. Moreover, SJP can print significantly longer CNTs, spanning the entire range of tube lengths of commercially available CNT ink. The findings from this study contribute to the advancement of nanomaterial printing, ink formulation, and the development of cost-effective printable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seva
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Benjamin Rorem
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karthik Chinnathambi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Harish Subbaraman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 110 SW Park Terrace Pl, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Paik JJ, Jang B, Nam S, Guo LJ. A Transparent Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ion-Conducting Organohydrogel for Skin-Based Strain-Sensing Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300076. [PMID: 37221957 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for cost-efficient and user-friendly wearable electronic devices has led to the development of stretchable electronics that are both cost-effective and capable of maintaining sustained adhesion and electrical performance under duress. This study reports on a novel physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogel that serves as a transparent, strain-sensing skin adhesive for motion monitoring. By incorporating Zn2+ into the ice-templated PVA gel, a densified amorphous structure is observed through optical and scanning electron microscopy, and it is found that the material can stretch up to 800% strain according to tensile tests. Fabrication in a binary glycerol:water solvent results in electrical resistance in the kΩ range, a gauge factor of 0.84, and ionic conductivity on the scale of 10-4 S cm-1 , making it a potentially low-cost candidate for a stretchable electronic material. This study characterizes the relationship between improved electrical performance and polymer-polymer interactions through spectroscopic techniques, which play a role in the transport of ionic species through the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie J Paik
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boonjae Jang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Saha A, Ma T, Wang H, Guo LJ. Environmentally Sustainable and Multifunctional Chrome-like Coatings Having No Chromium Designed with Reinforcement Learning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37267454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Decorative chrome plating (DCP) continues to be ubiquitous in creating highly appealing metal finishings and coatings, beating out other organic dye-based finishes. However, the hazardous chrome plating process is fraught with adverse health effects for the workers involved and causes significant environmental damage. In this work, we present a multilayer thin film structure to mimic the chrome appearance. To find a design efficiently, we employ a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to perform an automatic inverse design. This results in structures composed of environmentally friendly materials that not only have the chrome color but can also achieve additional functions beyond decoration. As an example, one structure is designed to have high transmission in the radio frequency regime, a property that general metals cannot have, which can broaden the decorative chrome applications to include microwave operating devices. The experimental structures are fabricated by physical vapor deposition to demonstrate the indistinguishable chrome color and validate the effectiveness of the RL inverse design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Saha
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Taigao Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haozhu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Zhang Y, Feng WJ, Zhu W, Shan X, Lin WK, Guo LJ, Li T. Universal Color Retrofit to Polymer-Based Radiative Cooling Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21008-21015. [PMID: 37069786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with broad infrared emission and negligible solar absorption have been identified as promising radiative cooling materials to offer a sustainable and energy-saving venue. Although practical applications desire color for visual appearance, the current coloration strategies of polymer-based radiative cooling materials are constrained by material, cost, and scalability. Here, we demonstrate a universally applicable coloration strategy for polymer-based radiative cooling materials by nanoimprinting. By modulating light interference with periodic structures on polymer surfaces, specular colors can be induced while maintaining the hemispheric optical responses of radiative cooling polymers. The retrofit strategy is exemplified by four different polymer films with a minimum impact on optical responses compared to the pristine films. Polymer films feature low solar absorption of 1.7-3.7%, and daytime sub-ambient cooling is exemplified in the field test. The durability of radiative cooling and color are further validated by dynamic spectral analysis. Finally, the potential roll-to-roll manufacturing empowers a scalable, low-cost, and easy-retrofitting solution for colored radiative cooling films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Wei-Jie Feng
- Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Xiwei Shan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Wei-Kuan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tian Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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6
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Tong R, Zhao L, Guo LJ, Zhou GW, Liang CY, Hou G, Dai HP, Chen WH. [Application of transbronchial cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of postoperative complications after lung transplantation: a report of 6 cases]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:34-39. [PMID: 36617926 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20220411-00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) after lung transplantation. Methods: The clinical characteristics, TBCB procedure, diagnosis and treatment, and outcomes of lung transplant recipients of 6 patients (all male, aged 33-67 years) with TBCB in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 6 patients diagnosed by TBCB, there were 2 cases of organizing pneumonia, 1 acute cellular rejection, 1 antibody-mediated rejection, and 1 bronchiolitis obliterans, and 1 diffuse alveolar damage. After the clinical diagnosis was confirmed, the condition improved after adjustment of the treatments followed. There were no serious complications related to the TBCB procedure. Conclusion: TBCB is valuable and relatively safe in the diagnosis of complications after lung transplantation, but the indications need to be strictly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - L J Guo
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - G W Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - C Y Liang
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - G Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - H P Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - W H Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Babakr KA, Amiri O, Guo LJ, Rashi MA, Mahmood PH. Kinetic and thermodynamic study in piezo degradation of methylene blue by SbSI/Sb 2S 3 nanocomposites stimulated by zirconium oxide balls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15242. [PMID: 36085338 PMCID: PMC9463189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical energy harvesting by piezoelectric materials to drive catalysis reactions received extensive attention for environmental remediation. In this work, SbSI/Sb2S3 nanocomposites were synthesized as a catalyst. ZrO2 balls were used as an alternative mechanical force to ultrasonic for stimulating the piezocatalyst for the first time. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the piezo degradation of methylene blue (MB) were studied deeply. Besides the effect of the type of mechanical force, the number of ZrO2 balls, and temperature of the reaction on the degradation efficiency were studied. Here mechanical energy came from the collision of the ZrO2 balls with the catalyst particles. Using ZrO2 balls instead of ultrasonic vibration led to enhance degradation efficiency by 47% at 30 ± 5 °C. A kinetic study revealed that piezo degradation of methylene blue (MB) by SbSI/Sb2S3 catalyst followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Based on thermodynamic results piezo degradation of MB was an exothermic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karukh A Babakr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Omid Amiri
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran.
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Rashi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peshawa H Mahmood
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Rorem BA, Cho TH, Farjam N, Lenef JD, Barton K, Dasgupta NP, Guo LJ. Integrating Structural Colors with Additive Manufacturing Using Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:31099-31108. [PMID: 35786830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate tunable structural color patterns that span the visible spectrum using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Asymmetric metal-dielectric-metal structures were sequentially deposited with nickel, zinc oxide, and a thin copper layer to form an optical cavity. The color response was precisely adjusted by tuning the zinc oxide (ZnO) thickness using ALD, which was consistent with model predictions. Owing to the conformal nature of ALD, this allows for uniform and tunable coloration of non-planar three-dimensional (3D) objects, as exemplified by adding color to 3D-printed parts produced by metal additive manufacturing. Proper choice of inorganic layered structures and materials allows the structural color to be stable at elevated temperatures, in contrast to traditional paints. To print multiple colors on a single sample, polymer inhibitors were patterned in a desired geometry using electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, followed by area-selective ALD in the unpassivated regions. The ability to achieve 3D color printing, both at the micro- and macroscales, provides a new pathway to tune the optical and aesthetic properties during additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Rorem
- Deparment of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tae H Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nazanin Farjam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Julia D Lenef
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kira Barton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neil P Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Deparment of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Chen WL, Zhao L, Guo LJ, Liang CY, Chen JY, Chen WH. [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in lung transplant recipients: three cases report and literature review]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:671-676. [PMID: 35768375 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20220106-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To report the clinical characteristics and treatment courses of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis(PCI) after lung transplantation(LT). Methods: We included all cases of PCI after LT from March 2017 to June 2021 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital. In addition to our cases, we searched literatures published in Chinese and English languages using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and PubMed/MEDLINE with the search terms"pneumatosis intestinalis"and"lung transplantation". The clinical characteristics and treatment courses of all cases were summarized and analyzed. Results: Three cases of PCI occurred after LT in this study, with an incidence of 0.804% (3/373). Thirteen related literatures were retrieved, with 51 cases enrolled. The median age of the 54 patients was 55.4 years (22-79 years), with 33 males and 21 females. 64.81% (35/54) of the 54 patients underwent LT for interstitial lung disease and 90.74% (49/54) underwent bilateral LT. Twenty-two cases(40.7%) were asymptomatic when PCI occurred. Thirty-eight cases (38/54,70.37%)had involvement of ascending colon, and 35 cases(35/54,64.81%)had involvement of transverse colon. Forty-three cases(43/54, 79.63%) were treated conservatively. The average interval between transplantation and PCI was 210 (5-2 495) days. Conclusion: PCI is a rare complication after lung transplantation, most often occurring in the colon. Most patients were asymptomatic and could improve by conservative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
| | - L J Guo
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
| | - C Y Liang
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
| | - J Y Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
| | - W H Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029,China
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Wang H, Guo LJ. NEUTRON: Neural particle swarm optimization for material-aware inverse design of structural color. iScience 2022; 25:104339. [PMID: 35602964 PMCID: PMC9117888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing optical structures for generating structural colors is challenging because of the complex relationship between the optical structures and the color perceived by human eyes. Machine learning-based approaches have been developed to expedite this design process. However, existing methods solely focus on structural parameters of the optical design, which could lead to suboptimal color generation because of the inability to optimize the selection of materials. To address this issue, an approach known as Neural Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed in this paper. The proposed method achieves high design accuracy and efficiency on two structural color design tasks; the first task is designing environment-friendly alternatives to chrome coatings, and the second task concerns reconstructing pictures with multilayer optical thin films. Several designs that could replace chrome coatings have been discovered; pictures with more than 200,000 pixels and thousands of unique colors can be accurately reconstructed in a few hours. NEUTRON combines machine learning and optimization for structural color designs On two benchmark tasks, NEUTRON demonstrates high design accuracy and efficiency
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Zhou S, Zhao X, Du P, Zhang Z, Liu X, Liu S, Guo LJ. Application of patterned sapphire substrate for III-nitride light-emitting diodes. Nanoscale 2022; 14:4887-4907. [PMID: 35297925 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed flourishing prosperity of III-nitride emitters in solid-state lighting and high-resolution displays. As one of the widely used substrates, sapphire shows superiority for heteroepitaxial growth of III-nitride light-emitting diode (LED) structure, due to the advantages of stability, low cost, high mechanical strength, as well as mature fabrication technology. However, realization of efficient LEDs grown on sapphire substrate is impeded by high density of defects in epilayers and low light extraction efficiency. The emergence of patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) turns out to be a promising and effective technology to overcome these problems and enhance the LED performances. In this review, we first introduce the background and recent advances of PSS applied in III-nitride visible and ultraviolet LEDs are. Then, we summarize the fabrication methods of PSS, together with novel methods to define nanometre-scale patterned structures. We further demonstrate the effect of PSS that contributes to reduce the threading dislocation density (TDD) of epilayers in detail. Meanwhile, mechanism of light extraction efficiency enhancement by adopting PSS is presented based on numerical analysis. Next, we explore the influence of PSS structural parameters (e.g. pattern size, pattern shape and aspect ratio) on LED performances, spanning from visible to deep ultraviolet UV emission region. Finally, challenges and potential prospects in PSS for future LED development are proposed and forecasted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Zhou
- Center for Photonics and Semiconductors, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Center for Photonics and Semiconductors, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Center for Photonics and Semiconductors, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Center for Photonics and Semiconductors, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Center for Photonics and Semiconductors, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Lee S, Guo LJ. Bioinspired Toughening Mechanisms in a Multilayer Transparent Conductor Structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:7440-7449. [PMID: 35080866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demands and interest in flexible and foldable devices, much effort has been devoted to the development of flexible transparent electrodes. An in-depth understanding of failure mechanisms in nanoscale structure is crucial in developing stable, flexible electronics with long-term durability. The present work investigated the mechanoelectric characteristics of transparent conductive electrodes in the form of dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) sandwich structures under bending, including one time and repeated cyclic bending test, and provides an explanation of their failure mechanism. We demonstrate how a thin metallic layer helps to enhance the mechanical robustness of the DMD as compared with that without, tune the mechanical properties of the cohesive layer, and improve the electrode fracture resistance. Abnormal crack propagation and toughening of multilayer DMD structures are analyzed, and its underlying mechanisms are explained. We consider the knowledge of the failure mechanisms of transparent conductive electrodes gained from the present study as a foundation for future design improvements.
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13
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Liu TT, Ding MY, Sun DD, Ji W, Zhang HH, Li Y, Guo LJ, Zhu F. [Clinical value of TDI combined with 2D-STI on evaluating the microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive coronary angina]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:1191-1197. [PMID: 34905896 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210802-00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) at rest on evaluating microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease(ANOCA). Methods: This retrospective study recruited 78 ANOCA patients, who hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from August 2019 to July 2021. These patients underwent conventional echocardiography examination, including TDI and 2D-STI, to evaluate the left ventricular dysfunction, and adenosine stress echocardiography (SE) to evaluate the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). ANOCA patients were divided into coronary microcirculation dysfunction CMD group (CFVR<2) and control group (CFVR≥2) according to CFVR. Clinical data, routine echocardiographic parameters, TDI parameters including isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), ejection time (ET), and STI parameters including global longitudinal peak strain (GLS), time to peak (TTP); peak strain dispersion (PSD) were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CMD and the predictive value of each parameter to construct a joint prediction model for the diagnosis of CMD in this patient cohort. Results: The mean age was (55.5±11.2) years, 43 (55%) patients were females in this patient cohort, 38 (49%) patienst were didvided into the CMD group and 40 (51%) into the control group. Age, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smokers were significantly higher in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). Tei index was higher, IVCT and TTP were longer, PSD was higher, ET was shorter, and absolute GLS was lower in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that longer IVCT, higher Tei index, higher time to PSD and lower absolute GLS were the independent risk factors of CMD. The ROC curve revealed that the predicting efficacy on CMD was satisfactiory with the combined predictors: AUC=0.884, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 80%. Conclusions: TDI combined with 2D-STI is associated with a good diagnostic value on the diagnosis of CMD and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ANOCA, which provides a feasible non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of CMD and risk stratification of patients with ANOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Faculty of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Gradute School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - M Y Ding
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - D D Sun
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - W Ji
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - H H Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - L J Guo
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - F Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
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14
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Liu Z, Zou Y, Ji C, Chen X, Hou G, Zhang C, Wan X, Guo LJ, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Broad-Spectrum Ultrathin-Metal-Based Oxide/Metal/Oxide Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58539-58551. [PMID: 34871497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-quality transparent conductive materials are beneficial to improve the charge transfer and light transmittance and reduce the interface defects as well as the production cost of optoelectronic devices. A high threshold thickness of metal layer in oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) compound thin films leads to strong reflectance, especially in the near-infrared region, limiting the broad-spectrum device applications. Here, we propose a novel Zn doping strategy using the low-cost single-target sputtering technology to achieve the growth of Ag-Zn thin films (i.e., Zn-doped Ag) and introduce a trace amount of O2 to further obtain ultrathin Ag-Zn(O) films (thin-film thickness d ≤ 5 nm), which greatly improves the broad-spectrum characteristics of OMO films. Heterogeneous metal and gas doping technology effectively promotes the formation of two-dimensional continuous film growth. By combining the ultrathin Ag-Zn(O) layer with the MGZO (i.e., Mg- and Ga co-doped ZnO) oxide film grown by reactive plasma deposition, a typical broad-spectrum MGZO/Ag-Zn(O)/MGZO (50/5/50 nm)-OMO compound thin film exhibits an average transmittance of 91.6% in the wavelength range of 400-1200 nm and low sheet resistance. The broad-spectrum organic solar cells based on MGZO/Ag-Zn(O)/MGZO electrodes present a high power conversion efficiency of 15.35%, superior to those devices based on single-layer oxide electrodes. The distinguished performances are attributed to the ultrathin Ag-Zn(O) films in OMO, paving the way for applications in broad-spectrum optoelectronic and flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yalu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xinliang Chen
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guofu Hou
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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15
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Yuan NN, Guo LJ, Zhao L, Zhang S, Jing L, Li M, Liang CY, Lu BH, Chen JY, Chen WH. [Pulmonary mucormycosis after lung transplantation:3 cases report with literature review]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2021; 44:897-901. [PMID: 34565117 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210129-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report the risk factors, clinical characteristics and treatment courses of pulmonary mucormycosis after lung transplantation(LT). Methods: We included 3 cases with pulmonary mucormycosis after LT from March 2017 to July 2020 in the centre for lung transplantation of China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Twelve cases from Chinese and English literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Service System and Pubmed Database from March 1980 to July 2020 were added. The risk factors, clinical characteristics and treatment courses of all cases were summarized and analyzed. Results: Pulmonary mucormycosis occurred in 1.06% (3/284) in our centre. A total of 15 cases with 12 cases from literature included 10 males and 5 females with a mean age of(47±20)years. Thirteen cases occurred after LT, and 2 cases occurred after heart-lung transplantation (HLT). Nine probable cases were diagnosed by positive isolation of the pathogen from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum. Three proven cases were diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy. Meanwhile, the other 3 proven cases diagnosed by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, autopsy and surgical operation respectively. Ten cases (66.7%) were diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis within 90 days after lung transplantation. The mortality was as high as 46.67% (7/15), but if it occurred within 90 days, the mortality reached 70% (7/10). The average interval between transplantation and positive isolation of the pathogen was 112.3 (5-378) days. Conclusions: The clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary mucormycosis after LT were nonspecific. It had a high mortality, especially in those occurred within 90 days after LT. The combination of antifungal therapy and surgical resection may contribute to a better outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Yuan
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - L J Guo
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - L Zhao
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - S Zhang
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - L Jing
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - C Y Liang
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - B H Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - J Y Chen
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
| | - W H Chen
- Centre for Lung Transplantation, Centre for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029,China
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16
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Chen L, Panday A, Park J, Kim M, Oh DK, Ok JG, Guo LJ. Size-Selective Sub-micrometer-Particle Confinement Utilizing Ionic Entropy-Directed Trapping in Inscribed Nanovoid Patterns. ACS Nano 2021; 15:14185-14192. [PMID: 34398602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a single-step, high-throughput methodology to selectively confine sub-micrometer particles of a specific size into sequentially inscribed nanovoid patterns by utilizing electrostatic and entropic particle-void interactions in an ionic solution. The nanovoid patterns can be rendered positively charged by coating with an aluminum oxide layer, which can then localize negatively charged particles of a specific size into ordered arrays defined by the nanovoid topography. On the basis of the Poisson-Boltzmann model, the size-selective localization of particles in the voids is directed by the interplay between particle-nanovoid geometry, electrostatic interactions, and ionic entropy change induced by charge regulation in the electrical double layer overlapping region. The underlying principle and developed method could potentially be extended to size-selective trapping, separation, and patterning of many other objects including biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashwin Panday
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 1221 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jonggab Park
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - L Jay Guo
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 1221 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Sahraeibelverdi T, Guo LJ, Veladi H, Malekshahi MR. Polymer Ring Resonator with a Partially Tapered Waveguide for Biomedical Sensing: Computational Study. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21155017. [PMID: 34372254 PMCID: PMC8348005 DOI: 10.3390/s21155017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ring resonators are well-known optical biosensors thanks to their relatively high Q-factor and sensitivity, in addition to their potential to be fabricated in large arrays with a small footprint. Here, we investigated the characteristics of a polymer ring resonator with a partially tapered waveguide for Biomedical Sensing. The goal is to develop a more sensitive biosensor with an improved figure of merit. The concept is more significant field interaction with the sample under test in tapered segments. Waveguide width is hereby gradually reduced to half. Sensitivity improves from 84.6 to 101.74 [nm/RIU] in a relatively small Q-factor reduction from 4.60 × 103 for a strip waveguide to 4.36 × 103 for a π/4 partially tapered one. After the study, the number of tapered parts from zero to fifteen, the obtained figure of merit improves from 497 for a strip ring to 565 for a π/4 tapered ring close to six tapered ones. Considering the fabrication process, the three-tapered one is suggested. The all-polymer material device provides advantages of a low-cost, disposable biosensor with roll-to-roll fabrication compatibility. This design can also be applied on silicon on isolator, or polymer on silicon-based devices, thereby taking advantage of a higher Q-factor and greater sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Sahraeibelverdi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
- Correspondence:
| | - L. Jay Guo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Hadi Veladi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Mazdak Rad Malekshahi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714967346, Iran;
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18
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Jeong C, Park YB, Guo LJ. Tackling light trapping in organic light-emitting diodes by complete elimination of waveguide modes. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/26/eabg0355. [PMID: 34172442 PMCID: PMC8232906 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional waveguide mode decoupling methods for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are typically not scalable and increase fabrication complexity/cost. Indium-tin-oxide-free transparent anode technologies showed efficiency improvement without affecting other device properties. However, previous works lack rigorous analysis to understand the efficiency improvement. Here, we introduced an ultrathin silver (Ag) film as transparent electrode and conducted systematic modal analysis of OLEDs and report that waveguide mode can be completely eliminated by designing an OLED structure that is below the cutoff thickness of waveguide modes. We also experimentally verified the waveguide mode removal in organic waveguides with the help of index-matching fluid and prism. The negative permittivity, extremely thin thickness (~5 nanometers), and highly conductive properties achieved by a uniform copper-seeded Ag film can suppress waveguide mode formation, enhancing external quantum efficiency without compromising any other characteristics of OLEDs, which paves the way for cost-effective high-efficiency OLEDs in current display industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeong Jeong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong-Bum Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Park J, Lee KT, Yeon G, Choi J, Kim M, Han B, Baac HW, Guo LJ, Ok JG. Demonstration of the one-step continuous fabrication of flexible polymer ridge waveguides via nanochannel-guided lithography. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang H, Zheng Z, Ji C, Jay Guo L. Automated multi-layer optical design via deep reinforcement learning. Mach Learn : Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abc327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Liu Z, Feng W, Huang Z, Jay Guo L. Polarization-controlled efficient and unidirectional surface plasmon polariton excitation enabled by metagratings in a generalized Kretschmann configuration. Opt Express 2021; 29:3659-3668. [PMID: 33770961 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a generalized Kretschmann configuration that employs a metagrating to replace the prism, realizing polarization-controlled efficient and unidirectional surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation. This dielectric phase gradient metagrating on the top surface of a silica substrate is designed to deflect incident light, which subsequently launches SPP wave by means of momentum matching on the metal film coated on the bottom surface. A series of metagratings is designed to enable the SPP excitation by circularly or linearly polarized incident light. The flexibility and tunability of this design to efficiently control SPPs show potential to find wide applications in diverse integrated optics and SPP devices.
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22
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Guo LJ, Jiang XH, He WF, Yu P, Wan R, Kong QL, Liu C, Yu JH, You ZG, Chen Q, Zhu B, Wu YQ, Xu JS, Hong K. [Prevalence of CYP2C19 gene mutations in patients with coronary heart disease and its biological activation effect in clopidogrel antiplatelet response]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:43-48. [PMID: 33429485 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200424-00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19 gene mutations on clopidogrel antiplatelet activity in the patients with coronary heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Patients with coronary heart disease, who hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2011 to June 2019, and healthy individuals with matching genetic background, gender, and age as controls were included in this study. Basic clinical data were analyzed and blood samples of all research subjects were obtained for extraction of DNA, and Sanger first-generation sequencing method was used to detect CYP2C19 gene mutation from full exon and exon and intron junction. CYP2C19 gene variations in patients with coronary heart disease were compared with the 1000 Genomes Browse database and the sequencing results of healthy controls to determine whether the gene variation was a genetic mutation or a genetic polymorphism. After that, PolyPhen-2 prediction software was used to analyze the harmfulness of gene mutations to predict the effect of mutations on protein function. The same dose of CYP2C19 wild-type plasmid and the CYP2C19 gene mutant plasmids were transfected into human normal liver cells HL-7702. After transfection of 24 h, the expression of CYP2C19 protease in each group was detected. The liver S9 protein was incubated with clopidogrel, acted on platelets to detect the platelet aggregation rate and the activity of human vasodilator-activated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results: A total of 1 493 patients with coronary heart disease (59.36%) were enrolled, the average age was (64.5±10.4) years old, of which 1 129 were male (75.62%). Meanwhile, 1 022 healthy physical examination volunteers (40.64%) were enrolled, and the average age was (64.1±11.0) years old, of which 778 were male (76.13%). A total of 5 gene mutations of CYP2C19 gene were identified in 12 patients (0.80%), namely, 4 known mutations T130K (1 case), M136K (6 cases), N277K (3 cases), V472I (1 case) and one new mutation G27V (1 case), no corresponding gene mutation was found in healthy controls. It was found that T130K and M136K were probably damaging, G27V was possibly damaging, and N277K and V472I were benign mutations. In vitro, we demonstrated that the platelet aggregation rate of the M136K gene mutation group was 24.83% lower than that of the wild type (59.58% vs. 34.75%; P<0.05), and the phosphorylated VASP level was 23.0% higher than that of the wild type (1.0 vs. 1.23; P<0.05). However, the platelet aggregation rate and phosphorylated VASP level were similar between of G27V, T130K, N277K, V472I gene mutation groups and wild type group (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, 5 gene mutations are defined in patients with coronary heart disease, namely G27V, T130K, M136K, N277K, V472I. In vitro functional studies show that CYP2C19 gene mutation M136K, as a gain-of-function gene mutation, can enhance the activation of CYP2C19 enzyme on clopidogrel, thereby inhibiting the platelet aggregation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - X H Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - W F He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - R Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Q L Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J H Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Z G You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - B Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Y Q Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J S Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - K Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
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Wan W, Qiao W, Pu D, Li R, Wang C, Hu Y, Duan H, Guo LJ, Chen L. Holographic Sampling Display Based on Metagratings. iScience 2019; 23:100773. [PMID: 31887666 PMCID: PMC6941867 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) display is considered as a potential disruptive technology for display. The issue of visual fatigue, mainly caused by the inaccurate phase reconstruction in terms of image crosstalk, as well as vergence and accommodation conflict, is the critical obstacle that hinders the real applications of glasses-free 3D display. Here we propose a glasses-free 3D display by adopting metagratings for the pixelated phase modulation to form converged viewpoints. When the viewpoints are closely arranged, the holographic sampling 3D display can approximate a continuous light field. We demonstrate a video rate full-color 3D display prototype without visual fatigue under an LED white light illumination. The metagratings-based holographic sampling 3D display has a thin form factor and is compatible with traditional flat panel and thus has the potential to be used in portable electronics, window display, exhibition display, 3D TV, as well as tabletop display. Metagratings are designed pixel by pixel to form converged viewpoints in 3D display Holographic sampling 3D display reconstruct discrete light field Video rate full-color display is reconstructed with a thin form factor Vergence and accommodation conflict is eliminated by single eye accommodation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Donglin Pu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Chinhua Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linsen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215026, China.
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24
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Ji C, Zhang C, Liu D, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo LJ. Transparent Perfect Microwave Absorber Employing Asymmetric Resonance Cavity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901320. [PMID: 31592425 PMCID: PMC6774038 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The demand for high-performance absorbers in the microwave frequencies, which can reduce undesirable radiation that interferes with electronic system operation, has attracted increasing interest in recent years. However, most devices implemented so far are opaque, limiting their use in optical applications that require high visible transparency. Here, a scheme is demonstrated for microwave absorbers featuring high transparency in the visible range, near-unity absorption (≈99.5% absorption at 13.75 GHz with 3.6 GHz effective bandwidth) in the Ku-band, and hence excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance (≈26 dB). The device is based on an asymmetric Fabry-Pérot cavity, which incorporates a monolayer graphene and a transparent ultrathin (8 nm) doped silver layer as absorber and reflector, and fused silica as the middle dielectric layer. Guided by derived formulism, this asymmetric cavity is demonstrated with microwaves near-perfectly and exclusively absorbs in the ultrathin graphene film. The peak absorption frequency of the cavity can be readily tuned by simply changing the thickness of the dielectric spacer. The approach provides a viable solution for a new type of microwave absorber with high visible transmittance, paving the way towards applications in the area of optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Wang
- Ultra‐precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Key Lab of Ultra‐precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology)Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin150080China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Ultra‐precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Key Lab of Ultra‐precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology)Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin150080China
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Dong Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Zhengang Lu
- Ultra‐precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Key Lab of Ultra‐precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology)Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin150080China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Ultra‐precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Key Lab of Ultra‐precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology)Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin150080China
| | - L. Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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25
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Li Y, Ji C, Qu Y, Huang X, Hou S, Li CZ, Liao LS, Guo LJ, Forrest SR. Enhanced Light Utilization in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Using an Optical Outcoupling Architecture. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1903173. [PMID: 31420924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Building-integrated photovoltaics employing transparent photovoltaic cells on window panes provide an opportunity to convert solar energy to electricity rather than generating waste heat. Semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells (ST-OPVs) that utilize a nonfullerene acceptor-based near-infrared (NIR) absorbing ternary cell combined with a thin, semitransparent, high conductivity Cu-Ag alloy electrode are demonstrated. A combination of optical outcoupling and antireflection coatings leads to enhanced visible transmission, while reflecting the NIR back into the cell where it is absorbed. This combination of coatings results in doubling of the light utilization efficiency (LUE), which is equal to the product of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the average photopic transparency, compared with a conventional semitransparent cell lacking these coatings. A maximum LUE = 3.56 ± 0.11% is achieved for an ST-OPV with a PCE = 8.0 ± 0.2% at 1 sun, reference AM1.5G spectrum. Moreover, neutral colored ST-OPVs are also demonstrated, with LUE = 2.56 ± 0.2%, along with Commission Internationale d'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of CIE = (0.337, 0.349) and a color rendering index of CRI = 87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Li
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chengang Ji
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yue Qu
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinjing Huang
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shaocong Hou
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Joglekar SG, Hammig MD, Guo LJ. High-Energy Photon Spectroscopy Using All Solution-Processed Heterojunctioned Surface-Modified Perovskite Single Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33399-33408. [PMID: 31465191 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been intensively studied for their use in optoelectronic devices due to their utilization of low-cost, earth-abundant precursors that are solution-processed at low-temperatures into high-quality devices. Despite this progress, interdevice variability and long-term stability have prevented the widespread commercial adoption of perovskite devices, especially for high-energy photon detectors. Using methylammonium lead iodide perovskite single crystals grown via inverse-temperature crystallization, we demonstrate a facile solution-based technique to coat the single-crystalline bulk with a micrometer-scale thick surface layer comprised of a wider band gap two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) hybrid perovskite. The resulting perovskite room-temperature γ-ray detector devices exhibit greatly improved device yield and repeatability from run-to-run and device-to-device within a given processing run. With an energy resolution of under 15% (12.0 keV) for incident 81 keV photons, this solution-based technique resolves interdevice variability concerns and could pave the way for low-cost, scalable manufacturing of optoelectronic devices based on RP hybrid perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel G Joglekar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Mark D Hammig
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences , University of Michigan , 2301 Bonisteel Blvd. , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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27
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Zhao L, Wang C, Chen JY, Liang CY, Guo LJ, Li M, Chen WH. [A single-center experience of venous thromboembolism after adult lung transplantation]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 42:694-699. [PMID: 31484244 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung transplant (LT) recipients. Methods: The clinical data on 124 consecutive patients who underwent lung transplant at Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2017 to September 2018 were retrospectively collected. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was ascertained by vascular ultrasound. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was diagnosed by either chest computed tomography pulmonary angiogram or ventilation/perfusion scan. The risk factors in those patients with postoperative VTE were studied. Results: A total of 124 lung transplant recipients including 78 single lung transplant recipients (62.9%) and 46 bilateral lung transplant recipients(37.1%) were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic anticoagulant was used in 52 patients(52/124, 41.9%) and 69 patients(69/124, 55.6%) respectively. Thirty-two patients developed postoperative VTE among 124 consecutive patients. The overall incidence rate of VTE among 124 LT recipients was 25.8%. The median time to VTE episode following lung transplant was 22.5 days (range 4-295 days). The percentage of DVT in VTE was 93.8%(30/32), involving 1-8 (2.83±1.86) veins. And 60.0% of DVT was from lower extremities and 56.7% located in upper extremities (P>0.05). Four patients (4/32,12.5%) had PE episodes, and half of them suffered from only PE without DVT. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 32 patients with VTE was 90.6% (29/32), which was significantly higher than that without VTE (64/92,69.6%, P=0.033). However, there was no difference in the use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) between two groups (96.9% vs 81.5%, P=0.067). Resolution of VTE was successfully accomplished by anticoagulant therapy with long-term use of low molecular weight heparin in 30 patients (93.7%) and followed by oral warfarin in 2 patients (6.3%). Three months follow-up data after anticoagulant therapy showed that total and partial vascular recanalization rate was 65.6%(21/32) and 34.4%(11/32), respectively. Despite anticoagulation-related bleeding complications in three patients, no serious consequences occurred. Conclusions: VTE was frequent in LT recipients. It was speculated that ECMO utilization may be a major risk factor for high incidence of VTE in LT recipients. Aggressive VTE screening/treatment protocols were suggested to be implemented in LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing 100029, China
| | - J Y Chen
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
| | - C Y Liang
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
| | - L J Guo
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
| | - M Li
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
| | - W H Chen
- Lung Transplantation Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing 100029, China
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Ji C, Acharya S, Yamada K, Maldonado S, Guo LJ. Electrodeposition of Large Area, Angle-Insensitive Multilayered Structural Colors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29065-29071. [PMID: 31319667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate structural colors produced by a simple, inexpensive, and nontoxic electrodeposition process. Asymmetric metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) multilayered structures were achieved by sequential electrodeposition of smooth gold, thin cuprous oxide, and finally thin gold on conductive substrates, forming an effective optical cavity with angle-insensitive characteristics. Different colors of high brightness were achieved by simply tuning the thickness of the electrodeposited middle cavity layer. This process is compatible with highly nonplanar substrates of arbitrary shape, size, and roughness. This work is the first demonstration of solution-processed, electrodeposited, MDM film stacks that are uniform over large areas and highlights the clear advantages of this approach over traditional deposition or assembly methods for preparing colored films.
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29
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Zhang C, Huang Q, Cui Q, Ji C, Zhang Z, Chen X, George T, Zhao S, Guo LJ. High-Performance Large-Scale Flexible Optoelectronics Using Ultrathin Silver Films with Tunable Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:27216-27225. [PMID: 31282144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One key obstacle in fabricating efficient flexible and printable optoelectronic devices is the absence of ideal flexible transparent conductors with superior optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Here, high-performance flexible transparent conductors are demonstrated using ultrathin (<10 nm) doped silver films, which exhibit an averaged visible transmittance of 80% without any antireflection coating, sheet resistance less than 20 Ω sq-1, and mechanical stability over 1000 bending cycles. The conductor is prepared by doping silver with an additive metal (e.g., nickel, copper, titanium, chromium), and its various properties can be readily tuned by either using different doping metal species or controlling the dopant concentration. Centimeter-size, flexible polymer light-emitting diodes are fabricated using a nickel-doped silver-based electrode, and the devices exhibit 30% enhanced current efficiencies compared to their indium tin oxide counterparts, invariant emission spectra at large viewing angles, and operational stability for over 1200 bending circles. In addition, 6 in. flexible low-emissivity coatings are demonstrated using a copper-doped silver-based conductor, which transmit 85.2% of the visible light while rejecting over 90% of the infrared radiation beyond 1250 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Tom George
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Suling Zhao
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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Wang H, Ji C, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo LJ. Highly Transparent and Broadband Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Based on Ultrathin Doped Ag and Conducting Oxides Hybrid Film Structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:11782-11791. [PMID: 30817123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) across a broad radio frequency band is crucial to eliminate adverse effects of increasingly complex electromagnetic environment. Current shielding materials or methods suffer from trade-offs between optical transmittance and EMI shielding capability. Moreover, poor mechanical flexibility and fabrication complexity significantly limit their further applications in flexible electronics. In this work, an ultrathin (8 nm) and continuous doped silver (Ag) film was obtained by introducing a small amount of copper during the sputtering deposition of Ag and investigated as transparent EMI shielding components. The electromagnetic Ag shielding (EMAGS) film was realized in the form of conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric design to relieve the electro-optical trade-offs, which transmits 96.5% visible light relative to the substrate and shows an excellent average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼26 dB, over a broad bandwidth of 32 GHz, covering the entire X, Ku, Ka, and K bands. EMI SE >30 dB was obtained by simply stacking two layers of EMAGS films together and can be further improved up to 50 dB by separating two layers with a quarter-wavelength space. The flexible EMAGS film shows a stable EMI shielding performance under repeated mechanical bending. In addition, large-area EMAGS films were demonstrated by a roll-to-roll sputtering system, proving the feasibility for mass production. The high-performance EMAGS film holds great potential for various applications in wearable electronics, healthcare devices, and electronic safety areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Zhengang Lu
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Jiubin Tan
- Ultra-Precision Optical & Electronic Instrument Engineering Center , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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Ren C, Chen SM, Zu LY, Xu SL, Guo LJ. [Relationship between angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial factor and vasodilation function in hypertensive patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:934-938. [PMID: 30917444 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) and vascular endothelial factor and vasodilation function in hypertensive patients. Methods: Patients with new onset grade 1~2 hypertension (n=40) and healthy control group (n=25) wereenrolledprospectively. Serum Ang2 and nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured in both groups. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) were measured in hypertensive patients. The above indicators were reviewed in hypertensive patients after antihypertensive treatment until blood pressure<140/90 mmHg. Results: Compared with the control group, serum Ang2 (P=0.049) and ET-1 (P<0.001) were significantly higher. Serum NO (P<0.001) and eNOS (P<0.001) was significantly lower in the hypertensive group. Compared with baseline, serum Ang2 (P=0.049) and ET-1 (P<0.001) were decreased significantly, meanwhile serum NO (P<0.001) and eNOS (P<0.001) were significantly increased. Serum Ang2 after antihypertensive treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group, but no statistical difference was observed in FMD after antihypertensive therapy. Correlation analysis found that serum Ang2 was positively correlated with mean arterial pressure (R=0.432, P<0.001), and negative correlated with serum NO(R=-0.374, P=0.001) and FMD (R=-0.368 0, P=0.002). Multiple linear regression found that serum Ang2 was independently associated with body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and serum NO. Conclusion: Serum Ang 2 can reflect the degree of endothelial and vasodilation impairment in hypertensive patients. Antihypertensive therapy can improve endothelial function, but whether it can restore damaged vasodilation function needs further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
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32
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Chen X, Lee SH, Zhang C, Li Q, Yamada K, Kwak MK, Guo LJ. Plasmonic roller lithography. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:105202. [PMID: 30657742 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf9dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photo roller lithography systems can generate patterns continuously over large areas by employing flexible photomasks on rotating quartz cylinders. In comparison, plasmonic lithography systems can reach deep sub-wavelength resolution utilizing evanescent waves carrying high spatial frequency components. In this work, we demonstrate a plasmonic roller system by integrating a quartz mechanical roller with a specially designed photomask based on plasmonic waveguide lithography. Deep sub-wavelength uniform patterns with high aspect ratios were printed continuously over a moving substrate. The plasmonic roller system may find practical applications in the large-scale production of electronic and photonic devices in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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Liang G, Chen X, Wen Z, Chen G, Jay Guo L. Super-resolution photolithography using dielectric photonic crystal. Opt Lett 2019; 44:1182-1185. [PMID: 30821743 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although plasmonic photolithography can break through the diffraction limit and produce super-resolution patterns, the intrinsic high loss from metal severely obstructs its application in practice. Here we proposed a novel photolithography method based on a dielectric photonic crystal (PC) structure, where the nanofilms are analyzed systematically. It is shown that the PC can efficiently transmit the desired high-k waves, which is advantageous in generating deep subwavelength patterns and realizing super-resolution lithography. Typically, a PC composed of stacked nine films of a multilayer is demonstrated. The nanopatterns with a period of 60 nm are formed in the photoresist layer. Furthermore, this PC-based lithography system is tolerant to the surface roughness in a multilayer. The analyses indicate that this dielectric PC-based design is applicable for super-resolution lithography to produce periodic patterns with strong field intensity, high aspect ratios, and great uniformity.
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Ji C, Lee KT, Guo LJ. High-color-purity, angle-invariant, and bidirectional structural colors based on higher-order resonances. Opt Lett 2019; 44:86-89. [PMID: 30645565 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors with high color purity and low fabrication cost are highly desired in a wide variety of applications including displays, light emitting diodes, decorations, and optical detections. Here, we demonstrate a semitransparent pentalayer structure for creating angle-insensitive, high-purity reflective colors that exploit a higher-order cavity resonance. Moreover, the designed structure in a symmetric configuration presents bright and saturated colors from both directions with a high efficiency up to 85% and a high angular tolerance up to ±60°. The described scheme involves one deposition run, thereby providing a significant step toward large-area applications in various areas.
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Liu D, Wang L, Cui Q, Guo LJ. Planar Metasurfaces Enable High-Efficiency Colored Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800836. [PMID: 30356903 PMCID: PMC6193155 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of perfect light absorption in ultrathin semiconductor materials is not only a long-standing goal, but also a critical challenge for solar energy applications, and thus requires a redesigned strategy. Here, a general strategy is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally to create a planar metasurface absorber comprising a 1D ultrathin planar semiconductor film (replacing the 2D array of subwavelength elements in classical metasurfaces), a transparent spacer, and a metallic back reflector. Guided by derived formulisms, a new type of macroscopic planar metasurface absorber is experimentally demonstrated with light near-perfectly and exclusively absorbed by the ultrathin semiconductor film. To demonstrate the power and simplicity of this strategy, a prototype of a planar metasurface solar cell is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the device model predicts that a colored planar metasurface perovskite solar cell can maintain 75% of the efficiency of its black counterpart despite the use of a perovskite film that is one order of magnitude thinner. The displayed cell colors have high purities comparable to those of state-of-the-art color filters, and are insensitive to viewing angles up to 60°. The general theoretical framework in conjunction with experimental demonstrations lays the foundation for designing miniaturized, planar, and multifunctional solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Lin Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic EquipmentSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - L. Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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Chen EM, Williams L, Olvera A, Zhang C, Zhang M, Shi G, Heron JT, Qi L, Guo LJ, Kioupakis E, Poudeu PFP. Sustainable p-type copper selenide solar material with ultra-large absorption coefficient. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5405-5414. [PMID: 30009012 PMCID: PMC6009434 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth-abundant solar absorber materials with large optical absorption coefficients in the visible enable the fabrication of low-cost high-efficiency single and multi-junction thin-film solar cells. Here, we report a new p-type semiconductor, Cu4TiSe4 (CTSe), featuring indirect (1.15 eV) and direct (1.34 eV) band gaps in the optimal range for solar absorber materials. CTSe crystallizes in a new noncentrosymmetric cubic structure (space group F4[combining macron]3c) in which CuSe4 tetrahedra share edges and corners to form octahedral anionic clusters, [Cu4Se4]4-, which in turn share corners to build the three-dimensional framework, with Ti4+ ions located at tetrahedral interstices within the channels. The unique crystal structure and the Ti 3d orbital character of the conduction band of CTSe give rise to near-optimal band gap values and ultra-large absorption coefficients (larger than 105 cm-1) throughout the visible range, which are promising for scalable low-cost high-efficiency CTSe-based thin-film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Logan Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Alan Olvera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Guangsha Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - John T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA
| | - Emmanouil Kioupakis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
| | - Pierre F P Poudeu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , 48109 , USA .
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Zhou J, Panday A, Xu Y, Chen X, Chen L, Ji C, Guo LJ. Visualizing Mie Resonances in Low-Index Dielectric Nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:253902. [PMID: 29979064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.253902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resonant light scattering by metallic and high-index dielectric nanoparticles has received enormous attention and found many great applications. However, low-index dielectric nanoparticles typically do not show resonant scattering behaviors due to poor light confinement caused by small index contrast. This Letter describes a simple and effective approach to drastically enhance the resonance effect of the low-index particles by partial metal dressing. Mie resonances of low-index nanoparticles can now be easily visualized by scattered light. This scattering peak depends on sphere size and has a reasonable linewidth. A size difference as small as 8 nm was resolved by a peak shift or even by color change. The scattering peak is attributed to the enhanced TE_{11} Mie resonance of the low-index nanospheres. The metal dress not only provides a high-reflection boundary, but also functions as an antenna to couple the confined light power to the far field, leading to scattering maxima in the spectra. Additionally, the enhanced TE_{11} Mie resonance in low-index nanoparticles features a considerable magnetic response due to the strong circulating displacement currents induced by the intensified E field despite of a low permittivity (hence low index) of the particles. The enhanced Mie resonances could be used to sense minute changes in size or refractive index of low-index nanoparticles and benefit a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Ashwin Panday
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yuntao Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Applied Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Applied Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Applied Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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38
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Sun LJ, Guo LJ, Cui M, Li Y, Zhou BD, Han JL, Zhang Z, Zhang YZ, Gao W. [Related factors for the development of fulminant myocarditis in adults]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2018; 45:1039-1043. [PMID: 29325363 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the early recognizable factors related to patients with fulminant myocarditis. Methods: Medical records from 60 adult patients who were diagnosed with acute viral myocarditis from January 2003 to September 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed, and divided into the fulminant group (n=9) and the non-fulminant group (n=51). Clinical presentations, biochemical markers, electrocardiography and echocardiography features on admission were analyzed. Results: Prevalence of syncope (33.3%(3/9) vs. 2.0% (1/51), P=0.009) and fatigue (77.8% (7/9) vs. 21.6% (11/51) , P=0.002) was significantly higher, while the duration from flu-like syndromes to chest discomfort was shorter ((2.0±1.8) days vs. (4.5±3.5) days, P=0.041) in the fulminant group than that in the non-fulminant group. Systolic blood pressare (SBP) ((94±14) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (117±12)mmHg, P=0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction((49±12)% vs. (60±13)%, P=0.016) were significantly lower, while heart rate ((99±20)bpm vs. (84±19)bpm, P=0.040) and NT-proBNP concentration ((7 962 (1 470, 23 849) ng/L vs. 1 771 (45, 2 380) ng/L, P=0.000) were significantly higher in the fulminant group than those in the non-fulminant group. PR interval was longer (199 (140, 416) ms vs. 156 (112, 204) ms, P=0.021), QRS complex was wider ((127±14)ms vs. (95±13)ms, t=-6.647, P<0.001) in the fulminant group than those in the non-fulminant group. Prolonged QRS duration≥120 ms was more often in fulminant group (77.8%(7/9) vs. 5.9%(3/51), P=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that PR interval (adjusted odd ratio 1.044, 95%CI 1.005-1.084, P=0.025) and QRS complex width (adjusted odd ratio 1.252, 95%CI 1.045-1.501, P=0.015) were the independent risk factors significantly associated with fulminant myocarditis. Conclusions: The risk of a fulminant course of acute myocarditis is higher in patients with elevated NT-proBNP, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and conduction disturbances at admission. Prolonged PR interval and widened QRS complex on admission are independent risk factors for developing fulminant myocarditis in adult patients with acute viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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Chen C, Wan L, Chandrahalim H, Zhou J, Zhang H, Cho S, Mei T, Yoshioka H, Tian H, Nishimura N, Fan X, Guo LJ, Oki Y. Effects of edge inclination angles on whispering-gallery modes in printable wedge microdisk lasers. Opt Express 2018; 26:233-241. [PMID: 29328300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ink-jet technique was developed to print the wedge polymer microdisk lasers. The characterization of these lasers was implemented using a free-space optics measurement setup. It was found that disks of larger edge inclination angles have a larger free spectral range (FSR) and a lower resonance wavelength difference between the fundamental transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) whispering-gallery modes (WGMs). This behavior was also confirmed with simulations based on the modified Oxborrow's model with perfectly matched layers (PMLs), which was adopted to accurately calculate the eigenfrequencies, electric field distributions, and quality parameters of modes in the axisymmetric microdisk resonators. Combined with the nearly equivalent quality factor (Q-factor) and finesse factor (F-factor) variations, the correlations between the TE and left adjacent TM modes were theoretically demonstrated. When the edge inclination angle is varied, the distinguishable mode distribution facilitates the precise estimation of a resonance wavelength shift. Therefore, the flexible and efficient nature of wedge polymer microdisk lasers extends their potential applications in precision sensing technology.
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Fu X, Peng Z, Zhang C, Xia Y, Zhang J, Luo W, Guo LJ, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang D. Controlled synthesis of brightly fluorescent CH3NH3PbBr3perovskite nanocrystals employing Pb(C17H33COO)2as the sole lead source. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1132-1139. [PMID: 35538976 PMCID: PMC9076971 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite nanocrystals hold vast potential for application in photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, low-threshold lasers, and photodetectors due to their size-tunable bandgap energies and photoluminescence as well as excellent electron and hole mobilities. However, the synthesis of such nanocrystals typically suffers from poor structural stability in solution and the coexistence of lamellate nanocrystals (nanoplatelets) and spherical nanocrystals (nanoparticles). Here we show that the pure nanoparticle morphology of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals can be realized by employing lead oleate (Pb(C17H33COO)2) as the sole lead source and controlled using short- and long-chain mixed alkyl ammonium. These nanocrystals are monodispersed (2.2 ± 0.4 nm in diameter), highly fluorescent (with a quantum yield approaching 85%), and highly stable in the solution (for more than 30 days). Comparative studies reveal that the shape of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals is strongly dependent on the lead source, PbBr2 and Pb(C17H33COO)2, and evolves as a function of the ratio of short- and long-chain alkyl ammoniums in the precursors. At an optimal short to long-chain alkyl ammonium ratio of 4 : 6, the growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoplatelets can be selectively suppressed with Pb(C17H33COO)2 as the sole lead source, enhancing the overall photoluminescence quantum yield of the produced CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals. This work reveals important new insights for controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals with pure crystal shape and significantly improved photoluminescence properties and stability. At an optimal short to long-chain alkyl ammonium ratio of 4 : 6, the growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoplatelets can be selectively suppressed with Pb(C17H33COO)2 as the sole lead source, enhancing the PLQY of the produced CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
- School of Physics, Communication and Electronics
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
| | - L. Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Honglang Li
- Institute of Acoustics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Daoli Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan City
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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41
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Zhang C, Hong N, Ji C, Zhu W, Chen X, Agrawal A, Zhang Z, Tiwald TE, Schoeche S, Hilfiker JN, Guo LJ, Lezec HJ. Robust Extraction of Hyperbolic Metamaterial Permittivity using Total Internal Reflection Ellipsometry. ACS Photonics 2018; 5:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00086. [PMID: 30997368 PMCID: PMC6463533 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials are optical materials characterized by highly anisotropic effective permittivity tensor components having opposite signs along orthogonal directions. The techniques currently employed for characterizing the optical properties of hyperbolic metamaterials are limited in their capability for robust extraction of the complex permittivity tensor. Here we demonstrate how an ellipsometry technique based on total internal reflection can be leveraged to extract the permittivity of hyperbolic metamaterials with improved robustness and accuracy. By enhancing the interaction of light with the metamaterial stacks, improved ellipsometric sensitivity for subsequent permittivity extraction is obtained. The technique does not require any modification of the hyperbolic metamaterial sample or sophisticated ellipsometry set-up, and could therefore serve as a reliable and easy-to-adopt technique for characterization of a broad class of anisotropic metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Nina Hong
- J. A. Woollam Co., Inc., Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (N. Hong):.; (L. J. Guo):.; (H. J. Lezec):.
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (N. Hong):.; (L. J. Guo):.; (H. J. Lezec):.
| | - Henri J. Lezec
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (N. Hong):.; (L. J. Guo):.; (H. J. Lezec):.
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Abstract
In this work, a special hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) metamaterial is investigated for plasmonic lithography of period reduction patterns. It is a type II HMM (ϵ∥ < 0 and ϵ⊥ > 0) whose tangential component of the permittivity ϵ∥ is close to zero. Due to the high anisotropy of the type II epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) HMM, only one plasmonic mode can propagate horizontally with low loss in a waveguide system with ENZ HMM as its core. This work takes the advantage of a type II ENZ HMM composed of aluminum/aluminum oxide films and the associated unusual mode to expose a photoresist layer in a specially designed lithography system. Periodic patterns with a half pitch of 58.3 nm were achieved due to the interference of third-order diffracted light of the grating. The lines were 1/6 of the mask with a period of 700 nm and ∼1/7 of the wavelength of the incident light. Moreover, the theoretical analyses performed are widely applicable to structures made of different materials such as silver as well as systems working at deep ultraviolet wavelengths including 193, 248, and 365 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiaochu Li
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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43
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Lee T, Luo W, Li Q, Demirci H, Guo LJ. Laser-Induced Focused Ultrasound for Cavitation Treatment: Toward High-Precision Invisible Sonic Scalpel. Small 2017; 13:1701555. [PMID: 28809083 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the implementation of the photoacoustic effect to photoacoustic imaging and laser ultrasonics, this study demonstrates a novel application of the photoacoustic effect for high-precision cavitation treatment of tissue using laser-induced focused ultrasound. The focused ultrasound is generated by pulsed optical excitation of an efficient photoacoustic film coated on a concave surface, and its amplitude is high enough to produce controllable microcavitation within the focal region (lateral focus <100 µm). Such microcavitation is used to cut or ablate soft tissue in a highly precise manner. This work demonstrates precise cutting of tissue-mimicking gels as well as accurate ablation of gels and animal eye tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwa Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- School of Optical and Electrical Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qiaochu Li
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Kellogg Eye Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Liu X, Guo LJ, Zheng Y. 5-nm LiF as an Efficient Cathode Buffer Layer in Polymer Solar Cells Through Simply Introducing a C 60 Interlayer. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:543. [PMID: 28936728 PMCID: PMC5608655 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithium fluoride (LiF) is an efficient and widely used cathode buffer layer (CBL) in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). The LiF thickness is normally limited to 1 nm due to its insulting property. Such small thickness is difficult to precise control during thermal deposition, and more importantly, 1-nm-thick LiF cannot provide sufficient protection for the underlying active layer. Herein, we demonstrated the application of a very thick LiF as CBL without sacrificing the device efficiency by simply inserting a C60 layer between the active layer and LiF layer. The devices with the C60/LiF (5 nm) double CBLs exhibit a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.65%, which is twofold higher than that (1.79%) of LiF (5 nm)-only device. The superior performance of the C60/LiF (5 nm)-based devices is mainly attributed to the good electrical conductivity of the C60/LiF (5 nm) bilayer, arising from the intermixing occurred at the C60/LiF interface. Besides, the formation of a P3HT/C60 subcell and the optical spacer effect of C60 also contribute to the increase in short-circuit current density (J sc) of the device. With further increase of LiF thickness to 8 nm, a PCE of 1.10% is attained for the C60/LiF-based device, while the negligible photovoltaic performance is observed for the LiF-only device. All in all, our results show that C60/LiF bilayer is a promising alternative to LiF single layer due to its high tolerance to the LiF thickness variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
- Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Applied Chemistry, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
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Han JL, He LY, Cui M, Zhang YZ, Liu XB, Xu XY, Wang YP, Wang FF, Wang GS, Niu J, Zhang FC, Mi L, Guo LJ, Gao W. [Feasibility and value of index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with acute myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:2261-2265. [PMID: 28780839 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.29.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of detecting index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and the relationship between IMR and left ventricular (LV) systolic function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The patients with first AMI received primary PCI in Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled from January 2014 to March 2016. IMR were measured immediately after PCI by using pressure/temperature wire. The relationship between IMR and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed by echocardiography at first day and 6 months after admission was evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight patients with anterior wall AMI were enrolled, with an average age (56±13) years. The success rate of IMR detection was 100%. The mean IMR was (33±18 )mmHg·s. There was no complication related to intravenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (140 μg· kg(-1)· min(-1)). The IMR was negatively correlated with TIMI blood flow grade after primary PCI (r=-0.386, P=0.043), and positively correlated with female gender, CK peak value and TnT peak value (r=0.430, P=0.022; r=0.431, P=0.025; r=0.434, P=0.024). After 6 months of follow-up, no adverse cardiovascular events (including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, malignant arrhythmia, unplanned revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris and severe heart failure requiring hospitalization) occurred. LVEF increased significantly compared with the first day after PCI (0.54±0.08 vs 0.47±0.06, P=0.001), and IMR was negatively correlated with LVEF after 6 months (r=-0.477, P=0.014). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that CK peak and IMR were predictors of LVEF after six months ( β=-0.595, t=-3.814, P=0.01; β=-0.352, t=-2.26, P=0.036). Conclusions: Immediate detection of IMR in patients with anterior wall AMI after PCI is safe and feasible. The immediate IMR after PCI reflects the extent of myocardial necrosis and myocardial perfusion, and is a predictor of LVEF at 6 months after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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Khan A, Lee S, Jang T, Xiong Z, Zhang C, Tang J, Guo LJ, Li WD. Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28671661 DOI: 10.3791/56019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 Ω/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) - up to 1.5 x 104 - which are amongst the best values in the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong
| | - Sangeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan
| | - Taehee Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan
| | - Wen-Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation;
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47
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Chen YC, Won Baac H, Lee KT, Fouladdel S, Teichert K, Ok JG, Cheng YH, Ingram PN, Hart AJ, Azizi E, Guo LJ, Wicha MS, Yoon E. Selective Photomechanical Detachment and Retrieval of Divided Sister Cells from Enclosed Microfluidics for Downstream Analyses. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4660-4668. [PMID: 28480715 PMCID: PMC9558424 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem-like cells, a key cell population in tumorgenesis, can determine the outcome of disease. Though the development of microfluidics has enhanced the study of cellular lineage, it remains challenging to retrieve sister cells separately inside enclosed microfluidics for further analyses. In this work, we developed a photomechanical method to selectively detach and reliably retrieve target cells from enclosed microfluidic chambers. Cells cultured on carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite surfaces can be detached using shear force induced through irradiation of a nanosecond-pulsed laser. This retrieval process has been verified to preserve cell viability, membrane proteins, and mRNA expression levels. Using the presented method, we have successfully performed 96-plex single-cell transcriptome analysis on sister cells in order to identify the genes altered during self-renewal and differentiation, demonstrating phenomenal resolution in the study of cellular lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
| | - Shamileh Fouladdel
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kendall Teichert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jong G. Ok
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Heng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
| | - Patrick N. Ingram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - A. John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L. Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
| | - Max S. Wicha
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
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48
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Zhang C, Kinsey N, Chen L, Ji C, Xu M, Ferrera M, Pan X, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A, Guo LJ. High-Performance Doped Silver Films: Overcoming Fundamental Material Limits for Nanophotonic Applications. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1605177. [PMID: 28318121 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanophotonics has ushered in a new paradigm of light manipulation by enabling deep subdiffraction confinement assisted by metallic nanostructures. However, a key limitation which has stunted a full development of high-performance nanophotonic devices is the typical large losses associated with the constituent metals. Although silver has long been known as the highest quality plasmonic material for visible and near infrared applications, its usage has been limited due to practical issues of continuous thin film formation, stability, adhesion, and surface roughness. Recently, a solution is proposed to the above issues by doping a proper amount of aluminum during silver deposition. In this work, the potential of doped silver for nanophotonic applications is presented by demonstrating several high-performance key nanophotonic devices. First, long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguides show propagation distances of a few centimeters. Second, hyperbolic metamaterials consisting of ultrathin Al-doped Ag films are attained having a homogeneous and low-loss response, and supporting a broad range of high-k modes. Finally, transparent conductors based on Al-doped Ag possess both a high and flat transmittance over the visible and near-IR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kinsey
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chengang Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Marcello Ferrera
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, SUPA, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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49
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Kim KH, Luo W, Zhang C, Tian C, Guo LJ, Wang X, Fan X. Air-coupled ultrasound detection using capillary-based optical ring resonators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:109. [PMID: 28250443 PMCID: PMC5427941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically analyze high Q-factor (~107) capillary-based optical ring resonators for non-contact detection of air-coupled ultrasound. Noise equivalent pressures in air as low as 215 mPa/√Hz and 41 mPa/√Hz at 50 kHz and 800 kHz in air, respectively, are achieved. Furthermore, non-contact detection of air-coupled photoacoustic pulses optically generated from a 200 nm thick Chromium film is demonstrated. The interaction of an acoustic pulse and the mechanical mode of the ring resonator is also studied. Significant improvement in detection bandwidth is demonstrated by encapsulating the ring resonator in a damping medium. Our work will enable compact and sensitive ultrasound detection in many applications, such as air-coupled non-destructive ultrasound testing, photoacoustic imaging, and remote sensing. It will also provide a model system for fundamental study of the mechanical modes in the ring resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- School of Optical and Electrical Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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50
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Xiao M, Joglekar S, Zhang X, Jasensky J, Ma J, Cui Q, Guo LJ, Chen Z. Effect of Interfacial Molecular Orientation on Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3378-3386. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- CAS
Key laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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