[Dynamic of indicators of ambulatory care of tuberculosis in the antituberculous center of Adjamé]

INTRODUCTION

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a real problem of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of our study is to describe the dynamic of anti-TB fight indicators in anti-TB center (CAT) of Adjamé.

METHODOLOGY

We realized a retrospective study, comparing the anti-TB activities of two periods (1999-2001 versus 2010-2012) at the CAT of Adjamé. Over two periods, 24,520 cases of TB were recorded in the registers of TB declaration.

RESULTS

Logistic regression results were the following ones. The proportion of the patients of Adjamé municipality increased to detriment of the patients coming from other municipalities. Our study showed an increase of TB contagious forms, a reduction of new cases of TB. The rate of screening of HIV infection increased. We noted a reduction of TB-HIV co-infection prevalence. The proportion of smear positive at the 2nd month decreased. We noted an increase of the rate therapeutic success and a reduction of lost at follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Important progresses were realized in the TB fight and TB-HIV co-infection.

In vitro anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activity of Lannea acida A. Rich from Burkina Faso

The cytotoxic and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activities of hydro-alcoholic extract of Lannea acida A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) were assessed. The cytoxicity evaluation was carried out on THP1 monocytoid cell line (after 24 h at 1; 5 and 10 microg mL(-1)) and showed only a slight modification of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The rate of monocytes in different stages of mitosis had been amended in absence and presence of extract as follows: Go/G1 58.83-59.83%; synthesis 21.95-18.64%; mitosis 16.67-15.77%; necrosis 2.65-5.64%. The percentage of inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation was respectively 77.6 and 36.8% at 1.2 and 0.6 mg mL(-1) of extract. This is an interesting experimental study on antimicrobial and immune-stimulating properties of Lannea acida ethanol-water (70% v/v) extract which may contain potential antibacterial and immune-stimulating agents for clinical use.

Direct observation of atomic scale surface relaxation in ortho twin structures in GaAs by XSTM

We have studied the (110) GaAs surface of a structure containing ortho twins by cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy and we have compared the experimental results with ab initio density functional theory calculations and STM simulations. Both experimentally and theoretically we find that the surface of different twin crystallites are significantly displaced with respect to each other, parallel to the twin boundary. This result is explained by a surface relaxation of the atoms in the (110) GaAs surface and the difference between the atomic configuration of the ortho twins.

[Orthoreoviruses: are they pathogenic for man?]

The orthoreoviruses are segmented double strand RNA viruses and are the most abundant viruses in nature. Three main serotypes are known, named 1, 2 and 3. The designation "reovirus" is the acronym for "respiratory enteric orphan virus", expression underlining their respiratory and enteric origin and the fact that they are not associated with well defined clinical disease. Nevertheless, strains of orthoreoviruses have been isolated from several cases of symptomatic diseases in human, namely diseases of the central nervous system such as encephalitis and meningitis sometimes leading to patient death. These different cases show that orthoreoviruses could be pathogenic, causing fatal diseases. Orthoreoviruses infection in animals induces also several diseases. Indeed, according to the inoculation route and the serotype of inoculated strain, encephalitis or hepatitis can be observed. The RNA segments M2 and S1 seem to be involved in this neurovirulence property and are on the basis of cellular mechanisms, such as virus entry, virus replication and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of virulence remain complex.

Calf morbidity, mortality and parasite prevalences in the cotton zone of Burkina Faso

The objective of this study is to describe morbidity and mortality in calves <1-year-old and to associate the impact of gastrointestinal and haemoparasitoses on morbidity and mortality by comparing these parameters in ill and well calves in the cotton zone of Burkina Faso. Fifty-nine herds selected in two villages were involved. Calves born between February 1997 and February 1999 were monitored up to 1 year of age or until the end of the study in April 1999. Blood and faecal samples were taken from ill calves and matched with samples taken from well calves (as control) for analysis of haemoparasites and gastrointestinal worms. Infected ill calves were treated with a trypanocidal drug and/or an anthelmintic. Dead calves were necropsied; adult-worm burdens were determined and brain smears taken to detect the presence of Cowdria ruminantium. Diarrhoea was the main clinical observation and most calves shed worm eggs. The EPG for gastrointestinal parasites was higher neither in ill calves nor in diarrhoeal calves. Infections by trypanosome species were observed in ill calves only (prevalences of 8% and 15% in Daboura and Kourouma, respectively). Average PCV in infected calves (28%) was lower than that in non-infected calves (37%). Most ill calves (86%) recovered 2 weeks after the treatment with anthelmintic and/or trypanocide. The post-mortem worm counting in 12 calves revealed that half of necropsied calves had a burden ranging from 2040 to 20,072 helminths. Infection by Babesia bigemina was found in the blood smear of one ill calf and the presence of C. ruminantium was noted in the brain smear of one calf.

Experimental in vitro efficacy study on the interaction of epiroprim plus isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INH(R)/INH(R), 12: INH(R)/RIF(S), 10: INH(S)/RIF(S)) were examined against MICs of epiroprim (EPM) and isoniazid (INH) separately or in association. EPM alone proved to be insufficiently active against the various mycobacterial isolates (MIC > or =256 microg/ml). The observed average sensitivity to the association of EPM plus INH was, in contrast, considerably increased, as reflected by reduced MICs and lower percentages of resistant strains. MICs ranged between 16 and 32 microg/ml EPM and 2 and 4 microg/ml INH for INH(R) strains. All INH(S) isolates were inhibited by a concentration of 0.125 microg/ml EPM and 0.06 microg/ml INH. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated an additive activity on INH(R)/RIF(R) strains and a synergistic activity on INH(R)/RIF(S) and INH(S)/RIF(S) strains. The synergistic activity of this drug association needs to be confirmed in an animal model.

[Serological prevalence of Oestrus ovis infestation in Burkina Faso: evaluation using the ELISA technique]

Sera from 421 Djallonke and Sahelian Bali Bali sheep from Burkina Faso were analyzed with ELISA tests using a crude antigen from stage 2 (L2) larvae of Oestrus ovis. Seropositive mean prevalence was 86.3% with no significant difference between both breeds. In Sahelian and Djallonke sheep optical densities (OD) were, at most, 450% and 250% higher, respectively, than those in control seropositive animals. In addition, a few Sahelian sheep displayed very high seropositivity (OD intensity compared to that of positive control animals), whereas seropositivity intensity was more homogenously distributed in Djallonke sheep. This study emphasizes the importance and usefulness of ELISA method of detection. It confirms the high prevalence of Oestrus ovis infestation in healthy animals, which would justify the use of strategic controls.

[Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of arylproprenones in the nitro-5-imidazole series]

The synthesis of new arylpropenones derived from 1-methyl-5-nitro imidazole is described. The investigation of some antiprotozoal properties has shown that compounds with the groups 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl or thiophenyl have trichomonacidal activity similar to that of metronidazole.